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Solar PV based Autonomous Low Voltage DC Microgrid for Remote Electrification 基于太阳能光伏的自主低压直流微电网远程电气化
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619294
Yugal Kishor, C. H. Kamesh Rao, R. N. Patel, A. Tiwari
The low-voltage DC microgrids (LVDC-MGs) have gained considerable popularity among stakeholders, researchers/engineers and have created a new trend for the development of microgrids, with the benefits of reduced conversion loss and simple control, as generation and storage technologies such as photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage have improved efficiency at a decreased cost. However, appropriate control schemes are critical for incorporating the source and load variations. The voltage stability and power-sharing between renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) within the microgrid are important concerns concerning stability and reliability. The performance of the proposed work is demonstrated in MATLAB Simulink for stand-alone LVDC MG with PV arrays and ESSs and analyzed under the variation of solar irradiance, which was found to be suitable for remote household electrification. The results achieved from the simulation illustrated an autonomous DCMG capable of supplying the daily energy requirements of the system with decent voltage stability.
低压直流微电网(lvdc - mg)已经在利益相关者、研究人员/工程师中获得了相当大的普及,并创造了微电网发展的新趋势,具有减少转换损失和简单控制的好处,因为光伏(PV)和电池存储等发电和存储技术以较低的成本提高了效率。然而,适当的控制方案对于合并源和负载变化至关重要。微电网内可再生能源和储能系统之间的电压稳定和电力共享是影响微电网稳定性和可靠性的重要问题。在MATLAB Simulink中对具有光伏阵列和ESSs的独立LVDC MG进行了性能验证,并在太阳辐照度变化下进行了分析,发现该工作适用于远程家庭电气化。仿真结果表明,自主DCMG能够满足系统的日常能量需求,并具有良好的电压稳定性。
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引用次数: 4
Asymmetric fed Quad band Monopole Antenna for 5G and Space Applications 用于5G和空间应用的非对称馈电四波段单极天线
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619216
M. Subbareddy, D. Prasad, V. P. Phani Ponnapalli, A. Pathi, J. Kumar, C. Krishna
In this paper, a quad band monopole antenna excited by the asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) feed is designed for 5G and space applications. The top plane is composed of a narrow rectangular slot with extended L -shaped strips on the top surface of substrate and bottom is partial ground plane. It is designed on FR-4 substrate with thickness 0.8mm and it has compact size 11mm*16mm. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate over the 3.36–3.45 GHz, 3.75–3.80 GHz, 4.65–5.06GHz and 6.55–6.70 GHz. The proposed antenna reaches maximum gain over 5 – 6dB and its radiation efficiency is 76 – 90%. It is observed that the proposed antenna has good radiation pattern and good acceptable gain over operating bandwidth. This design process is simulated using HFSS simulation tool.
本文设计了一种采用非对称共面馈电激励的四波段单极天线,用于5G和空间应用。顶面由衬底上表面上带有延伸L形条的窄矩形槽组成,底部为局部接地面。它是在厚度0.8mm的FR-4基板上设计的,紧凑尺寸为11mm*16mm。仿真和实测结果表明,该天线可以在3.36 ~ 3.45 GHz、3.75 ~ 3.80 GHz、4.65 ~ 5.06GHz和6.55 ~ 6.70 GHz频段工作。该天线最大增益为5 ~ 6dB,辐射效率为76 ~ 90%。观察到所提出的天线在工作带宽上具有良好的辐射方向图和良好的可接受增益。本设计过程采用HFSS仿真工具进行仿真。
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引用次数: 0
Gd and Nd Doped Perovskite – Potential Material for Sustainable Energy Gd和Nd掺杂钙钛矿-可持续能源的潜在材料
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619211
Md. Soaib Khan, R. Ranjan, Sweta Sharma, A. Srivastava
With the steady advancement of human civilization, energy lack and ecological contamination have become an ever-increasing number of critical difficulties in our reality, and they are issues that should be settled desperately. Perovskite, a potential material for sustainable ideal energy source, boundless, and clean energy. Perovskite with general formula ABX3 plays an important role in electrode and electrolyte for solar cells which is most ideal alternatives to silicon solar cells, supercapacitor, Bio fuel and solid oxide fuel etc. because of their stability, ferroelectric, supreme, catalytic, dielectric and high charge carrier mobility. In this paper the perovskite doped with rare earth Gd and Nd was synthesise by a solid reaction technique at high temperature. XRD confirms the tetragonal structure of single step. Dielectric behaviour of PVSK ceramics was studied using CIS technique within range of 9000C to 12500C and frequency range of 1 kHz and 1 MHz the existence of the ac conductivity variance indicates the electrical conductivity form of Arrhenius. The dielectric constant of the materials is very high which is needed for the energy storage device. The material's tangent loss is very low until the transition temperature is very high. The tolerance factor of PVSK material was found to be nearly 1.
随着人类文明的不断进步,能源短缺和生态污染已成为我们日益突出的现实难题,是亟待解决的问题。钙钛矿是一种潜在的可持续理想能源材料,是无限量的清洁能源。钙钛矿具有稳定性、铁电性、超强性、催化性、介电性和高载流子迁移率等优点,在太阳能电池的电极和电解质中起着重要的作用,是硅太阳能电池、超级电容器、生物燃料和固体氧化物燃料等的理想替代品。本文采用固相反应技术在高温下合成了稀土掺杂Gd和Nd的钙钛矿。XRD证实了单台阶的四方结构。采用CIS技术研究了PVSK陶瓷在9000C ~ 12500C、1khz和1mhz频率范围内的介电行为,电导率变化的存在表明了Arrhenius的电导率形式。材料的介电常数非常高,这是储能装置所需要的。在转变温度很高之前,材料的切损都很低。PVSK材料的容差系数接近1。
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引用次数: 0
Power System Frequency Estimation using Teager Energy operator 基于Teager能量算子的电力系统频率估计
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619454
Shankar Pandit, R. Naresh
Under unbalanced and harmonic conditions, this paper proposes a fundamental frequency estimation technique for three-phase voltage systems. And the technique is based on the Clark transformation, recursive discrete Fourier transform, and Teager energy operator, it is computationally effective and relatively easy to implement, making it perfect for low-cost applications. It does not require real-time estimation of the computationally challenging inverse trigonometric function. The proposed approach has no aggregation error and it is not affected even though the signal is sampled at zero or close to zero. It takes settling time less than 15ms (i.e. 75% of the one fundamental time period) for estimating the fundamental frequency step range of ±7.5Hz from the nominal value. Hence it produces a fast response under dynamic conditions. Simulation is used to verify the technique's performance.
在不平衡和谐波条件下,提出了一种三相电压系统基频估计技术。该技术基于Clark变换、递归离散傅里叶变换和Teager能量算子,计算效率高,相对容易实现,非常适合低成本应用。它不需要对具有计算挑战性的反三角函数进行实时估计。所提出的方法没有聚合误差,即使信号在零或接近零的位置采样也不受影响。从标称值估计±7.5Hz的基频步进范围,所需的沉降时间小于15ms(即一个基频时间段的75%)。因此,它在动态条件下产生快速响应。通过仿真验证了该技术的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Fault detection Scheme for AC Microgrids based on Sum of Squared Relay Current and TKEO 基于继电器电流平方和和TKEO的交流微电网故障检测方案
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619204
Salauddin Ansari, J. Sharma, O. Gupta
The design of an efficient protection scheme for an inverter-based distributed generator (IBDGs) microgrid is a complex engineering challenge. An inverter has a low fault current property, and therefore, the conventional protection schemes are not appropriate to detect a fault in an inverter-based microgrid. This paper introduces a protection scheme that employed a Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) based concept to assessthe one-end current-based signal to detect the fault in the microgrid. The current-based signal is the sum of squared relay currents (SSRCs), evaluated at one end of the distribution line in the microgrid. During regular operation of the microgrid, the SSRC is almost negligible, whereas its variation is considerable in any possible disturbance. The TKEO is applied on the SSRC and based on various simulations, a fault detection index (FDI) is calculated. When FDI is more than the threshold, it is reported as an internal fault; otherwise, it is an external fault or other disturbance. With the help of a simulation study, the suggested protection scheme is testedfor different adverse conditions such as different fault types, fault resistances, fault locations, etc.Furthermore, numerous non-faulty events such as load switching, capacitor switching, and non-linear loading were also used to test the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the technique is also verified for fault during single-pole tripping. It is found that it can successfully detect the fault even in a two-phase system that indicates the accuracy and efficacy of the scheme.The findings reveal that the proposed approach is proficient in detecting faults in an inverter-based AC microgrid in various operating conditions.
为基于逆变器的分布式发电机(ibdg)微电网设计有效的保护方案是一项复杂的工程挑战。逆变器具有低故障电流的特性,传统的保护方案不适用于逆变器微电网的故障检测。本文介绍了一种基于Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)的保护方案,该方案对基于一端电流的信号进行评估,以检测微电网中的故障。基于电流的信号是继电器电流(ssrc)的平方之和,在微电网中配电线路的一端进行评估。在微电网的正常运行中,SSRC几乎可以忽略不计,而在任何可能的干扰下,SSRC的变化都是相当大的。将TKEO应用于SSRC,并在各种仿真的基础上计算出故障检测指数(FDI)。当FDI超过阈值时,报告为内部故障;否则,它就是外部故障或其他干扰。在仿真研究的帮助下,对所建议的保护方案进行了不同不利条件的测试,如不同的故障类型、故障电阻、故障位置等。此外,还使用了许多非故障事件,如负载切换、电容切换和非线性负载,以测试所提出方案的鲁棒性和有效性。此外,该技术还对单极脱扣故障进行了验证。结果表明,该方法即使在两相系统中也能成功地检测出故障,表明了该方法的准确性和有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测逆变器微电网在不同运行条件下的故障。
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引用次数: 1
A Time-Frequency Algorithm for CT Saturation Detection in the Presence of Noise 噪声存在下CT饱和检测的时频算法
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619436
S. Biswal, I. A. Quadri, Deepak Singh, Srikant Prasad
Current transformer (CT) saturation may cause phase shift between unsaturated and saturated signal and thus results in distance relay overreach or underreach. In this letter, a time-frequency technique based on iterative Hilbert Huang transform is proposed for detection of current transformer saturation interval. The basic idea is to detect the saturation interval using an index based on second derivative of the instantaneous amplitude. The instantaneous amplitude is obtained using iterative Hilbert Huang spectral analysis. The method is independent of the presence of noise and also the computational burden on the digital relay is less by the proposed method. The method is validated using real-time current signal obtained using RTDS.
电流互感器(CT)饱和会引起不饱和信号与饱和信号相移,从而导致距离继电器过伸或欠伸。本文提出了一种基于迭代希尔伯特黄变换的时频检测电流互感器饱和区间的方法。其基本思想是利用基于瞬时振幅二阶导数的指标来检测饱和区间。利用迭代希尔伯特黄谱分析得到瞬时振幅。该方法不受噪声的影响,并且减少了数字继电器的计算量。利用RTDS获取的实时电流信号对该方法进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Analysis of PWM and Hysteresis Current Controllers for Unbalanced Non-Linear Load using DSTATCOM 基于DSTATCOM的非线性不平衡负载PWM与滞回电流控制器的比较分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619309
Akshay Juneja, Sunil Bansal, Paramjeet Singh Jamwal
The increased consumption of power by industrial and consumer loads brings awareness of power quality issues among engineers and researchers. Various control algorithms have been proposed to mitigate power quality disturbances using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. This paper presents the application of Instantaneous Power Theory (IPT) based Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) for maintaining the voltage at the desired level and for the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in current and voltage. The work is carried out in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The results are presented to show the effectiveness of IPT based DSTATCOM with pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis controller for balanced and unbalanced conditions.
工业和消费负载的电力消耗增加,使工程师和研究人员意识到电力质量问题。各种控制算法已经提出,以减轻电能质量干扰使用柔性交流传输系统(FACTS)设备。本文介绍了基于瞬时功率理论(IPT)的配电静态同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)在将电压维持在理想水平和降低电流和电压总谐波畸变(THD)方面的应用。该工作在MATLAB Simulink环境下进行。结果表明,基于IPT的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)和迟滞控制器的DSTATCOM在平衡和不平衡条件下是有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Performance Analysis of Adaptive Speed Reference Tracking QFT Robust Controller for Three Phase Grid connected Wind Turbine under Stochastic Wind Speed Conditions 随机风速条件下三相并网风力机自适应速度参考跟踪QFT鲁棒控制器性能分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619223
Hemachandra Gudimindla, M. K, S. Sandhya
Due to stochastic nature of wind, stator current harmonics arise in PMSG based wind energy conversion system that causes the oscillations in wind turbine shaft. These oscillations shows adverse effect on lifespan of wind turbine. It is desirable to track the speed reference in grid connected variable speed wind system along with the maximum power extraction. In this sense, this paper presents the robust controller design methodology to achieve the reference speed tracking controller with maximum power extraction capability in variable speed PMSG driven wind turbines. Further, A modified fitness function is introduced to design the automated robust controller using Genetic algorithm in quantitative feedback theory framework. MATLAB simulations are performed on 20 kW three phase grid connected wind system to analyse the dynamic performance of proposed robust controller under step variation and stochastic wind speed conditions. It is evident from the simulations that tracking of reference speed is achieved with proposed controller under power injecting to load and power sharing with grid conditions.
由于风的随机性,在基于PMSG的风能转换系统中会产生定子电流谐波,从而引起风力机轴的振荡。这些振荡对风力机的寿命有不利影响。在并网变速风系统中,随着最大功率的提取,需要跟踪转速基准。为此,本文提出了一种鲁棒控制器设计方法,以实现变速PMSG驱动风力发电机组具有最大功率提取能力的参考速度跟踪控制器。在定量反馈理论框架下,引入修正适应度函数,利用遗传算法设计自动鲁棒控制器。通过对20 kW三相并网风系统的MATLAB仿真,分析了所提出的鲁棒控制器在阶跃变化和随机风速条件下的动态性能。仿真结果表明,在向负载注入功率和与电网共享功率的情况下,该控制器实现了对参考转速的跟踪。
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引用次数: 0
Pneumatic Vibration Isolator Response for Low, Infrasonic and High Frequency Vibration 气动隔振器对低频、次声和高频振动的响应
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619261
Kirthika S, Gayathri J S, S. Nair, Abdul Rasheed A K, Nissar C S
This workaims at developing an analysis system for a pneumatic vibration isolation table both in very low, infrasonic and high frequency range. The system is developed using a generic purpose audio card of PC. The commonly available audio cards are not comprised with the software which can be used to record two accelerometer inputs at a time and it is not useful in the seismic vibration frequency range. Hence, we developed a software for the data acquisition through these audio cards, which is compatible for the simultaneous recording of two accelerometer outputs and for working in the seismic and infrasonic frequency ranges. Using this newly developed system various transmissibility curves are plotted for low, infrasonic and high frequency vibration isolation and made some inferences about effect of variation of payload masses.
本文的目的是开发一个气动隔振台的低频、次声和高频分析系统。该系统是利用PC机通用声卡开发的。通常可用的声卡不包含可用于同时记录两个加速度计输入的软件,并且它在地震振动频率范围内没有用处。因此,我们开发了一个通过这些声卡进行数据采集的软件,该软件可兼容两个加速度计输出的同时记录,并可在地震和次声频率范围内工作。利用该系统绘制了低、次声和高频隔振的各种传递率曲线,并对有效载荷质量变化的影响进行了推断。
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引用次数: 0
Industry 4.0–Technological Revolution and Sustainable Firm Performance 工业4.0:技术革命与可持续企业绩效
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619363
Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza, Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi Malarvizhi, S. Jayashree, M. Mohiuddin
The study aims to offer a framework integrating with the significant enablers of Industry 4.0 that will assist organizations in achieving sustainable firm performance through Industry 4.0 adoption. The study plans to employ a questionnaire-based survey using simple random sampling, and for data analysis, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be used. The study reveals that the enablers of Industry 4.0 and its adoption significantly influence the firms’ performance. The anticipated model helps to define Industry 4.0 enablers in conjunction with the theories of the "Technology, Organization and Environment" (TOE), the "Diffusion of Innovation Model" (DOI), and the "Dynamic Capability (DC)" view. The study also supports the government, policy-makers, and practitioners to evaluate and execute their policies and strategies to successfully develop the Malaysian MSC status companies’ performance by adopting Industry 4.0 ventures.
该研究旨在提供一个与工业4.0的重要推动因素相结合的框架,以帮助组织通过采用工业4.0实现可持续的企业绩效。本研究计划采用简单随机抽样的问卷调查,数据分析将使用结构方程模型(SEM)。研究表明,工业4.0的推动因素及其采用显著影响企业绩效。预期模型将结合“技术、组织和环境”(TOE)、“创新扩散模型”(DOI)和“动态能力”(DC)等理论,帮助定义工业4.0的推动因素。该研究还支持政府、政策制定者和从业者评估和执行他们的政策和战略,通过采用工业4.0企业成功发展马来西亚MSC状态公司的绩效。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)
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