Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432
Neha Gupta, A. Bhansali
Digital Watermarking with PSO and Fuzzy Logic is an attempt to find suitable location using PSO and Fuzzy Logic by looking at the surrounding pixels and adaptively adjusting the pixel intensity values to encode the watermark bits. The result obtained using this technique indicates that following adaptive insertion on the pixels after finding location by PSO is more effective to obtain better fidelity and robustness. The inverse tradeoff between robustness and fidelity is also demising. The method proposed includes color watermarking as an extension of gray scale watermarking by dividing color image into RGB gray scale and then uniting them together.
{"title":"Embedding Color Watermark by Adjusting DCT using RGB Gray Scale Watermarking","authors":"Neha Gupta, A. Bhansali","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Watermarking with PSO and Fuzzy Logic is an attempt to find suitable location using PSO and Fuzzy Logic by looking at the surrounding pixels and adaptively adjusting the pixel intensity values to encode the watermark bits. The result obtained using this technique indicates that following adaptive insertion on the pixels after finding location by PSO is more effective to obtain better fidelity and robustness. The inverse tradeoff between robustness and fidelity is also demising. The method proposed includes color watermarking as an extension of gray scale watermarking by dividing color image into RGB gray scale and then uniting them together.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619303
Mayank Rawal, S. Singh, M. Rawat, Tripurari Nath Gupta
Microgrid has recently emerged as the most effective approach for deploying and controlling distributed generation (DGs) in a vast power system. In the microgrid, maintaining constant frequency and voltage for continuous load-sharing is difficult in island mode. Simultaneous inverter module processing is a solution for improving inverter stability, efficiency, and redundancy in microgrids. An autonomous microgrid's key aim is to keep the voltage level normal during a load shift. Island mode can understand the load sharing of equivalent DGs in Droop control and an Enhanced Droop control approach is also executed. And then, The simulation of two inverters in island mode was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Additionally, the findings show the feasibility and precision of the control scheme.
{"title":"Analysis of ANN Based Enhanced Droop Technique for Appropriate Power Sharing of Parallel Connecting Inverters","authors":"Mayank Rawal, S. Singh, M. Rawat, Tripurari Nath Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619303","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrid has recently emerged as the most effective approach for deploying and controlling distributed generation (DGs) in a vast power system. In the microgrid, maintaining constant frequency and voltage for continuous load-sharing is difficult in island mode. Simultaneous inverter module processing is a solution for improving inverter stability, efficiency, and redundancy in microgrids. An autonomous microgrid's key aim is to keep the voltage level normal during a load shift. Island mode can understand the load sharing of equivalent DGs in Droop control and an Enhanced Droop control approach is also executed. And then, The simulation of two inverters in island mode was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Additionally, the findings show the feasibility and precision of the control scheme.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256
Karri Ravikumar Reddy, Y. Rao, Mulaswaminaidu Madepalli, U. Rao, S. Arumugam, G. V. Rao
The primary objective of this paper is to minimize power production cost by optimal allocation of generators with an equal constraint of load demand using the proposed Ant colony search based-TLBO. The Ant colony search based-TLBO algorithm furnishes sophisticated harmony between exploitation and exploration. Economical load dispatch is a non-linear problem, it contains several inequality constraints, and valve point loading are the causes, to need the optimization techniques if the function is linear several iterative methods are available and for non- linear functions also possible to apply various techniques but the main drawback in the generation cost curve functions the curve shape is not fixed due to valve point loading. In this paper, the ant colony search based-TLBO technique is proposed, and to test the stability of the proposed algorithm three different test cases are considered here:i) The standard IEEE-30 bus systemii) DG-based Industrial Corridor.iii) Gold-Copper Mine Power SystemAll these test cases have different numbers of generators as well as load centers. This is a multi-objective function and the proposed algorithm gives the optimal solution with very little time, high convergence rate, and the number of algorithm variables is very less used in it.
{"title":"Solution to Economic Load Dispatch using Ant Colony Search based-Teaching Learning Optimization","authors":"Karri Ravikumar Reddy, Y. Rao, Mulaswaminaidu Madepalli, U. Rao, S. Arumugam, G. V. Rao","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to minimize power production cost by optimal allocation of generators with an equal constraint of load demand using the proposed Ant colony search based-TLBO. The Ant colony search based-TLBO algorithm furnishes sophisticated harmony between exploitation and exploration. Economical load dispatch is a non-linear problem, it contains several inequality constraints, and valve point loading are the causes, to need the optimization techniques if the function is linear several iterative methods are available and for non- linear functions also possible to apply various techniques but the main drawback in the generation cost curve functions the curve shape is not fixed due to valve point loading. In this paper, the ant colony search based-TLBO technique is proposed, and to test the stability of the proposed algorithm three different test cases are considered here:i) The standard IEEE-30 bus systemii) DG-based Industrial Corridor.iii) Gold-Copper Mine Power SystemAll these test cases have different numbers of generators as well as load centers. This is a multi-objective function and the proposed algorithm gives the optimal solution with very little time, high convergence rate, and the number of algorithm variables is very less used in it.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133896498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619211
Md. Soaib Khan, R. Ranjan, Sweta Sharma, A. Srivastava
With the steady advancement of human civilization, energy lack and ecological contamination have become an ever-increasing number of critical difficulties in our reality, and they are issues that should be settled desperately. Perovskite, a potential material for sustainable ideal energy source, boundless, and clean energy. Perovskite with general formula ABX3 plays an important role in electrode and electrolyte for solar cells which is most ideal alternatives to silicon solar cells, supercapacitor, Bio fuel and solid oxide fuel etc. because of their stability, ferroelectric, supreme, catalytic, dielectric and high charge carrier mobility. In this paper the perovskite doped with rare earth Gd and Nd was synthesise by a solid reaction technique at high temperature. XRD confirms the tetragonal structure of single step. Dielectric behaviour of PVSK ceramics was studied using CIS technique within range of 9000C to 12500C and frequency range of 1 kHz and 1 MHz the existence of the ac conductivity variance indicates the electrical conductivity form of Arrhenius. The dielectric constant of the materials is very high which is needed for the energy storage device. The material's tangent loss is very low until the transition temperature is very high. The tolerance factor of PVSK material was found to be nearly 1.
{"title":"Gd and Nd Doped Perovskite – Potential Material for Sustainable Energy","authors":"Md. Soaib Khan, R. Ranjan, Sweta Sharma, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619211","url":null,"abstract":"With the steady advancement of human civilization, energy lack and ecological contamination have become an ever-increasing number of critical difficulties in our reality, and they are issues that should be settled desperately. Perovskite, a potential material for sustainable ideal energy source, boundless, and clean energy. Perovskite with general formula ABX3 plays an important role in electrode and electrolyte for solar cells which is most ideal alternatives to silicon solar cells, supercapacitor, Bio fuel and solid oxide fuel etc. because of their stability, ferroelectric, supreme, catalytic, dielectric and high charge carrier mobility. In this paper the perovskite doped with rare earth Gd and Nd was synthesise by a solid reaction technique at high temperature. XRD confirms the tetragonal structure of single step. Dielectric behaviour of PVSK ceramics was studied using CIS technique within range of 9000C to 12500C and frequency range of 1 kHz and 1 MHz the existence of the ac conductivity variance indicates the electrical conductivity form of Arrhenius. The dielectric constant of the materials is very high which is needed for the energy storage device. The material's tangent loss is very low until the transition temperature is very high. The tolerance factor of PVSK material was found to be nearly 1.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increased consumption of power by industrial and consumer loads brings awareness of power quality issues among engineers and researchers. Various control algorithms have been proposed to mitigate power quality disturbances using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. This paper presents the application of Instantaneous Power Theory (IPT) based Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) for maintaining the voltage at the desired level and for the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in current and voltage. The work is carried out in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The results are presented to show the effectiveness of IPT based DSTATCOM with pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis controller for balanced and unbalanced conditions.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of PWM and Hysteresis Current Controllers for Unbalanced Non-Linear Load using DSTATCOM","authors":"Akshay Juneja, Sunil Bansal, Paramjeet Singh Jamwal","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619309","url":null,"abstract":"The increased consumption of power by industrial and consumer loads brings awareness of power quality issues among engineers and researchers. Various control algorithms have been proposed to mitigate power quality disturbances using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. This paper presents the application of Instantaneous Power Theory (IPT) based Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) for maintaining the voltage at the desired level and for the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in current and voltage. The work is carried out in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The results are presented to show the effectiveness of IPT based DSTATCOM with pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis controller for balanced and unbalanced conditions.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117131630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619446
P.G.S. Kumar, K. M. Reddy
Condition assessment is the core competency of diagnostician for fair corrective action to safeguard the assets in industries. This paper presents the efforts of machine diagnosticians in heath checkup programs of turbine generator in power plants. Testing technologies, analysis methodologies and interpretation skills practiced by these professionals are dealt through case studies on 100 MW and 15 MW industrial turbine generators. Valuable contribution of the diagnosticians in defect identification in the magnetic core and root cause for degraded insulation which prevented the unexpected outage are outlined. Generator functional systems are correlated with human anatomy for the benefit of the new diagnosticians. Qualities to become an expert diagnostician are briefed. This paper is citation to their profession.
{"title":"Role of Diagnostician in Condition Assessment of Industrial Turbine Generators","authors":"P.G.S. Kumar, K. M. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619446","url":null,"abstract":"Condition assessment is the core competency of diagnostician for fair corrective action to safeguard the assets in industries. This paper presents the efforts of machine diagnosticians in heath checkup programs of turbine generator in power plants. Testing technologies, analysis methodologies and interpretation skills practiced by these professionals are dealt through case studies on 100 MW and 15 MW industrial turbine generators. Valuable contribution of the diagnosticians in defect identification in the magnetic core and root cause for degraded insulation which prevented the unexpected outage are outlined. Generator functional systems are correlated with human anatomy for the benefit of the new diagnosticians. Qualities to become an expert diagnostician are briefed. This paper is citation to their profession.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130127135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619384
Pinku Ranjan, Swati Khandare
In wireless communications systems, oscillators are essential part as a signal source for generating periodic, oscillating signals. Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO) is a category of microwave oscillators that uses a Dielectric Resonator (DR) as a frequency stabilizing element. DR is a piece of dielectric designed to function as a resonator for radio waves in microwave and millimeter wave band. This paper illustrates the design of DRO operating at 26 GHz incorporating High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) as an active device for space applications. HEMT is a Field Effect Transistor (FET) comprising of a junction between two materials with dissimilar bandgaps i.e. a hetero junction as a channel. The DRO operating at 26 GHz is designed in Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The output power is +10.523 dBm and single sideband (SSB) noise is -95.368 dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Oscillator at 26 GHz for Space Applications","authors":"Pinku Ranjan, Swati Khandare","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619384","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless communications systems, oscillators are essential part as a signal source for generating periodic, oscillating signals. Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO) is a category of microwave oscillators that uses a Dielectric Resonator (DR) as a frequency stabilizing element. DR is a piece of dielectric designed to function as a resonator for radio waves in microwave and millimeter wave band. This paper illustrates the design of DRO operating at 26 GHz incorporating High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) as an active device for space applications. HEMT is a Field Effect Transistor (FET) comprising of a junction between two materials with dissimilar bandgaps i.e. a hetero junction as a channel. The DRO operating at 26 GHz is designed in Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The output power is +10.523 dBm and single sideband (SSB) noise is -95.368 dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130514545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619451
A. Bhansali, N. K. Nagwani
Doctor recommender system is a very useful and emerging area in data science and health informatics. In recent time many approaches and applications have been proposed in this direction. This paper presents a simple prototype of recommending a doctor using classification based models. In the proposed approach patients’ information and preferences are selected as input to train the model and using classification algorithms a suitable doctor is recommended. In this work probability-based classifier and decision tree-based classifiers are used for recommending a doctor and a comparative study is also presented between them. It is found that ensemble machine learning based classifier Random Forest, performs better than C4.5 and Naïve Bayes classifier.
{"title":"A Prototype of Doctor Recommendation System using Classification Algorithms","authors":"A. Bhansali, N. K. Nagwani","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619451","url":null,"abstract":"Doctor recommender system is a very useful and emerging area in data science and health informatics. In recent time many approaches and applications have been proposed in this direction. This paper presents a simple prototype of recommending a doctor using classification based models. In the proposed approach patients’ information and preferences are selected as input to train the model and using classification algorithms a suitable doctor is recommended. In this work probability-based classifier and decision tree-based classifiers are used for recommending a doctor and a comparative study is also presented between them. It is found that ensemble machine learning based classifier Random Forest, performs better than C4.5 and Naïve Bayes classifier.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619337
B. Deshmukh, S. Biswal, D. Lal
In this paper, a new technique based on second derivative of Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, for detection of generator Out-of-Step (OOS) condition. SG filtering is an emerging technique used for smoothing and detection of sudden change in the signal. OOS is a condition results angular oscillation of the generator load angle. The fundamental phasor of the generator load angle is fed to SG filter to compute its second derivative. Finally, sum of second derivative of generator load angle over one cycle is used to compute a detection index (DI). The proposed approach is tested for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system, simulated using EMTDC/PSCAD. Results demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed.
{"title":"Synchronous Generator Out-of-Step Protection Based on Savitzky-Golay Filtering Technique","authors":"B. Deshmukh, S. Biswal, D. Lal","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619337","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new technique based on second derivative of Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, for detection of generator Out-of-Step (OOS) condition. SG filtering is an emerging technique used for smoothing and detection of sudden change in the signal. OOS is a condition results angular oscillation of the generator load angle. The fundamental phasor of the generator load angle is fed to SG filter to compute its second derivative. Finally, sum of second derivative of generator load angle over one cycle is used to compute a detection index (DI). The proposed approach is tested for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system, simulated using EMTDC/PSCAD. Results demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122427969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619204
Salauddin Ansari, J. Sharma, O. Gupta
The design of an efficient protection scheme for an inverter-based distributed generator (IBDGs) microgrid is a complex engineering challenge. An inverter has a low fault current property, and therefore, the conventional protection schemes are not appropriate to detect a fault in an inverter-based microgrid. This paper introduces a protection scheme that employed a Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) based concept to assessthe one-end current-based signal to detect the fault in the microgrid. The current-based signal is the sum of squared relay currents (SSRCs), evaluated at one end of the distribution line in the microgrid. During regular operation of the microgrid, the SSRC is almost negligible, whereas its variation is considerable in any possible disturbance. The TKEO is applied on the SSRC and based on various simulations, a fault detection index (FDI) is calculated. When FDI is more than the threshold, it is reported as an internal fault; otherwise, it is an external fault or other disturbance. With the help of a simulation study, the suggested protection scheme is testedfor different adverse conditions such as different fault types, fault resistances, fault locations, etc.Furthermore, numerous non-faulty events such as load switching, capacitor switching, and non-linear loading were also used to test the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the technique is also verified for fault during single-pole tripping. It is found that it can successfully detect the fault even in a two-phase system that indicates the accuracy and efficacy of the scheme.The findings reveal that the proposed approach is proficient in detecting faults in an inverter-based AC microgrid in various operating conditions.
{"title":"Fault detection Scheme for AC Microgrids based on Sum of Squared Relay Current and TKEO","authors":"Salauddin Ansari, J. Sharma, O. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619204","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an efficient protection scheme for an inverter-based distributed generator (IBDGs) microgrid is a complex engineering challenge. An inverter has a low fault current property, and therefore, the conventional protection schemes are not appropriate to detect a fault in an inverter-based microgrid. This paper introduces a protection scheme that employed a Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) based concept to assessthe one-end current-based signal to detect the fault in the microgrid. The current-based signal is the sum of squared relay currents (SSRCs), evaluated at one end of the distribution line in the microgrid. During regular operation of the microgrid, the SSRC is almost negligible, whereas its variation is considerable in any possible disturbance. The TKEO is applied on the SSRC and based on various simulations, a fault detection index (FDI) is calculated. When FDI is more than the threshold, it is reported as an internal fault; otherwise, it is an external fault or other disturbance. With the help of a simulation study, the suggested protection scheme is testedfor different adverse conditions such as different fault types, fault resistances, fault locations, etc.Furthermore, numerous non-faulty events such as load switching, capacitor switching, and non-linear loading were also used to test the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the technique is also verified for fault during single-pole tripping. It is found that it can successfully detect the fault even in a two-phase system that indicates the accuracy and efficacy of the scheme.The findings reveal that the proposed approach is proficient in detecting faults in an inverter-based AC microgrid in various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117066764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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