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Compact Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz using Loaded Slits and Shorting Pins 2.4 GHz紧凑型可穿戴微带贴片天线,采用负载狭缝和短针
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619435
S. Arulmurugan, T. R. Sureshkumar, Z. C. Alex
A compact wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate at ISM 2.4 GHz, printed on semiflexible ROGER 3003 substrate. Loaded slits with shorting pins are proposed to reduce the size of the patch and enhance the bandwidth of the antenna. The proposed antenna size is reduced by 20% (0.376 λo x 0.429 λo x 0.0248 λo) when compared with the conventional patch antenna. The slot length, width, gap and position of the shorting pins are adjusted to reduce the size of patch and achieve a better gain (3.53dBi at 2.4 GHz). Moreover, to examine its specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of this work, its simulated-on sample human phantom tissue model and results show that the average SAR performance of 10 g tissue is 0.6538 W/kg. This antenna is suitable for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications and ISM Bands.
设计了一种紧凑型可穿戴微带贴片天线,工作在ISM 2.4 GHz,印刷在半柔性ROGER 3003衬底上。为了减小贴片的尺寸,提高天线的带宽,提出了带短引脚的加载缝。与传统贴片天线相比,天线尺寸减小了20% (0.376 λo x 0.429 λo x 0.0248 λo)。通过调整短引脚的插槽长度、宽度、间隙和位置,减小贴片尺寸,获得更好的增益(2.4 GHz时为3.53dBi)。此外,为了检验其比吸收率(SAR)性能,本工作对其进行了模拟,结果表明,10 g组织的平均SAR性能为0.6538 W/kg。该天线适用于无线体域网络(WBAN)应用和ISM频段。
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引用次数: 2
Identification of Suitable Substrate for Textile Antenna in Biomedical Patient Monitoring Application 纺织天线在生物医学病人监测中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619376
N. Lakshmipriya, C. Manimegalai, Sabitha Gauni, K. Kalimuthu
This paper gives the suggestions about the selection of the substrate material for the textile antenna design for the application of the biomedical patient monitoring. Since the antenna is selected for the biomedical application, the frequency of the operation of the antenna is selected in the band of Industrial, scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The band covers the frequency range of 2.4GHz to 2.484GHz. Denim material which is in the form of woven is used as the substrate with the permittivity of 1.67 and thickness of 2mm. The gain and directivity of the antenna is 7.01dBi and 7.77dBi respectively. The direction of the propagation is opposite to the body model hence the antenna not harm the body tissue. The return loss value is lesser than -10dB in the operating frequency of the antenna with wider bandwidth and hence it is suitable for biomedical application.
本文对生物医学病人监护应用中纺织天线设计中衬底材料的选择提出了建议。由于天线选择用于生物医学应用,因此天线的工作频率选择在工业,科学和医疗(ISM)频段。该频段覆盖2.4GHz ~ 2.484GHz的频率范围。衬底采用牛仔布材料,为机织形式,介电常数为1.67,厚度为2mm。天线的增益和指向性分别为7.01dBi和7.77dBi。由于天线的传播方向与人体模型相反,因此天线不会对人体组织造成伤害。在带宽较宽的天线工作频率下,回波损耗值小于-10dB,适合生物医学应用。
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引用次数: 0
A ZVS-PWM Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Systems 用于电动汽车系统的ZVS-PWM双向DC-DC变换器
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619345
Ranjan Pramanik, A. P. Biswal, J. K. Pradhan, B. B. Pati
This paper designs a low-cost DC-DC converter topology with hybrid energy storage for the application of electric vehicle system. In the proposed topology the bidirectional power flow among the battery, super-capacitor and the DC motor are maintained by a single power switch, along with an auxiliary switch, coupled inductor and resonant inductor. To reduce the switching stress the ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) condition is achieved by utilizing the auxiliary diode, resonant inductor and capacitor. Further the size of the converter is reduced by using an auxiliary thyristor which is responsible for the power flow during motoring condition. Moreover, in order to avoid the frequent charging and discharging of battery, the voltage profile of the super-capacitor is maintained higher than the battery by the converter. The working of the proposed topology is tested and verified through MATLAB simulation.
针对电动汽车系统,设计了一种低成本的混合储能DC-DC变换器拓扑结构。在所提出的拓扑结构中,电池、超级电容器和直流电机之间的双向功率流由单个电源开关以及辅助开关、耦合电感和谐振电感维持。为了减小开关应力,利用辅助二极管、谐振电感和电容实现了零电压开关。此外,通过使用辅助晶闸管来减小变换器的尺寸,该晶闸管负责在运动条件下的功率流。此外,为了避免电池的频繁充放电,超级电容器的电压分布通过变换器保持在高于电池的水平。通过MATLAB仿真对所提拓扑的工作原理进行了测试和验证。
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引用次数: 1
Firefly Algorithm Optimized Load Frequency Controller for Multi-Source Power System 萤火虫算法优化的多源电力系统负荷频率控制器
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619304
K. Ranjitha, P. Sivakumar, R. Elavarasu, M. Monica, A. Rajapandiyan
A novel Load Frequency Controller optimized by Firefly algorithm is proposed for a Distributed Generation (DG) penetrated power system. To meet the increased power, renewable energy such as solar PV systems, wind power based power generation is used. As renewable sources are all fluctuating in nature, maintaining the nominal frequency value in every area becomes a major challenge to the power system engineers. Along with this, the variation of the tie line power is also a major problem. The main objective of the Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to diminish the transient deviancies in the area frequency and the tie-line power and make the steady-state error almost zero. LFC is essential to ensure power quality and reliability. New approaches of LFC are required to meet the need of DG penetrated complex system. Hence, a new approach on the LFC of the normal interrelated power system with some renewable energy-based power generation is done. Firefly algorithm is adapted for the parameter tuning of the Proportional Integral Controller (PI) in LFC. The various test cases are considered by varying load and source. In all the test case considered the dominance of the suggested controller is revealed by relating the result with PI and Fuzzy based PI controller.
提出了一种基于萤火虫算法优化的分布式发电渗透电力系统负荷频率控制器。为了满足不断增加的电力,可再生能源如太阳能光伏系统、风力发电被用于发电。由于可再生能源的性质都是波动的,因此保持每个区域的标称频率值成为电力系统工程师面临的主要挑战。与此同时,联络线功率的变化也是一个主要问题。负荷频率控制(LFC)的主要目标是减小区域频率和联络线功率的暂态偏差,使稳态误差几乎为零。LFC是保证电能质量和可靠性的关键。为满足DG渗透复杂系统的需要,需要新的LFC方法。因此,本文对具有一定可再生能源发电能力的正常电力系统的LFC问题进行了新的研究。采用萤火虫算法对LFC中的比例积分控制器(PI)进行参数整定。通过不同的负载和源来考虑各种测试用例。在所有考虑的测试用例中,通过将结果与PI和基于模糊的PI控制器联系起来,揭示了建议控制器的优势。
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引用次数: 2
A Novel Approach for Security in Cloud Data Storage Using AES-DES-RSA Hybrid Cryptography 一种使用AES-DES-RSA混合加密的云数据存储安全新方法
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619274
Vyom Verma, Pulkit Kumar, Rajshree Verma, S. Priya
In today’s world, everything is running online and a lot of data are transferred over the internet, so data security had become an important issue. Even if one doesn’t send a file, hackers can get into the systems and access private data. There exist numerous encryption techniques using symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic technique. We have built a hybrid cryptographic system using parts of AES, DES and RSA encryption algorithms to take advantage of the benefits of both algorithms and overcome their weaknesses for the security of data stored on the cloud. Using this hybrid cryptosystem, the data stored on the cloud can be accessed or retrieved as per the user’s request without the direct access to the server computer. But the major concern regarding storage of data on cloud is the security, which is here implemented using the proposed hybrid cryptographic system. Finally, the algorithm is compared to existing AES, DES and RSA algorithms.
在当今世界,一切都在网上运行,大量的数据通过互联网传输,因此数据安全成为一个重要的问题。即使没有发送文件,黑客也可以进入系统并访问私人数据。目前存在许多使用对称和非对称加密技术的加密技术。我们使用AES, DES和RSA加密算法的部分构建了一个混合加密系统,以利用这两种算法的优点并克服其弱点,以确保存储在云上的数据的安全性。使用这种混合密码系统,存储在云上的数据可以根据用户的请求访问或检索,而无需直接访问服务器计算机。但是,关于在云上存储数据的主要问题是安全性,这里使用提议的混合加密系统来实现安全性。最后,将该算法与现有的AES、DES和RSA算法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 4
Minimization of Active Power Loss for Optimum Reactive Power Dispatch using PSO 基于粒子群优化无功调度的有功损耗最小化
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619313
Hardik P. Modha, Vishnu B. Patel
For operational analysis, scheduling and energy management of power system various optimizing tools are used. An optimal power flow is more important as it is capable to deal with various situations and involves the optimization of different objective functions within a set of operational and physical constraints. This paper present a comprehensive study of optimal power flow problem as constrained non-linear, single objective or multi-objective optimization problems. This paper presents particle swarm optimization technique for solution ofa reactive power dispatch problem. The results from this technic is less sensitive to the complexity of the objective function. The proposed method is applied to minimum the real power loss in power system. By examined & tested on IEEE 14 bus test system for evaluate the performance, the results are shows the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
针对电力系统的运行分析、调度和能量管理,采用了各种优化工具。最优潮流更为重要,因为它能够处理各种情况,并涉及在一组操作和物理约束下对不同目标函数的优化。本文将最优潮流问题作为约束非线性、单目标或多目标优化问题进行了全面的研究。提出了求解无功调度问题的粒子群优化技术。该技术的结果对目标函数的复杂性不太敏感。该方法可使电力系统的实际功率损耗最小。通过在ieee14总线测试系统上的测试,验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 5
Solution to Economic Load Dispatch using Ant Colony Search based-Teaching Learning Optimization 基于蚁群搜索的教学优化求解经济负荷调度
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256
Karri Ravikumar Reddy, Y. Rao, Mulaswaminaidu Madepalli, U. Rao, S. Arumugam, G. V. Rao
The primary objective of this paper is to minimize power production cost by optimal allocation of generators with an equal constraint of load demand using the proposed Ant colony search based-TLBO. The Ant colony search based-TLBO algorithm furnishes sophisticated harmony between exploitation and exploration. Economical load dispatch is a non-linear problem, it contains several inequality constraints, and valve point loading are the causes, to need the optimization techniques if the function is linear several iterative methods are available and for non- linear functions also possible to apply various techniques but the main drawback in the generation cost curve functions the curve shape is not fixed due to valve point loading. In this paper, the ant colony search based-TLBO technique is proposed, and to test the stability of the proposed algorithm three different test cases are considered here:i) The standard IEEE-30 bus systemii) DG-based Industrial Corridor.iii) Gold-Copper Mine Power SystemAll these test cases have different numbers of generators as well as load centers. This is a multi-objective function and the proposed algorithm gives the optimal solution with very little time, high convergence rate, and the number of algorithm variables is very less used in it.
本文的主要目标是利用蚁群搜索的tlbo算法,在负载需求约束相等的情况下,通过优化分配发电机组,使发电成本最小化。基于蚁群搜索的tlbo算法实现了开发与探索的高度协调。经济负荷调度是一个非线性问题,它包含若干不等式约束,而阀点负荷是其原因,需要优化技术,如果函数是线性的,有几种迭代方法可用,对于非线性函数也可以应用各种技术,但发电成本曲线函数的主要缺点是由于阀点负荷导致曲线形状不固定。本文提出了基于蚁群搜索的tlbo算法,并考虑了三种不同的测试用例:1)标准IEEE-30总线系统;2)基于dg的工业走廊;3)金铜矿电力系统。这些测试用例具有不同数量的发电机和负载中心。这是一个多目标函数,所提出的算法以极短的时间和较高的收敛速度给出了最优解,并且使用的算法变量数量很少。
{"title":"Solution to Economic Load Dispatch using Ant Colony Search based-Teaching Learning Optimization","authors":"Karri Ravikumar Reddy, Y. Rao, Mulaswaminaidu Madepalli, U. Rao, S. Arumugam, G. V. Rao","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619256","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to minimize power production cost by optimal allocation of generators with an equal constraint of load demand using the proposed Ant colony search based-TLBO. The Ant colony search based-TLBO algorithm furnishes sophisticated harmony between exploitation and exploration. Economical load dispatch is a non-linear problem, it contains several inequality constraints, and valve point loading are the causes, to need the optimization techniques if the function is linear several iterative methods are available and for non- linear functions also possible to apply various techniques but the main drawback in the generation cost curve functions the curve shape is not fixed due to valve point loading. In this paper, the ant colony search based-TLBO technique is proposed, and to test the stability of the proposed algorithm three different test cases are considered here:i) The standard IEEE-30 bus systemii) DG-based Industrial Corridor.iii) Gold-Copper Mine Power SystemAll these test cases have different numbers of generators as well as load centers. This is a multi-objective function and the proposed algorithm gives the optimal solution with very little time, high convergence rate, and the number of algorithm variables is very less used in it.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133896498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of ANN Based Enhanced Droop Technique for Appropriate Power Sharing of Parallel Connecting Inverters 基于人工神经网络的逆变器并联功率合理分担增强下垂技术分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619303
Mayank Rawal, S. Singh, M. Rawat, Tripurari Nath Gupta
Microgrid has recently emerged as the most effective approach for deploying and controlling distributed generation (DGs) in a vast power system. In the microgrid, maintaining constant frequency and voltage for continuous load-sharing is difficult in island mode. Simultaneous inverter module processing is a solution for improving inverter stability, efficiency, and redundancy in microgrids. An autonomous microgrid's key aim is to keep the voltage level normal during a load shift. Island mode can understand the load sharing of equivalent DGs in Droop control and an Enhanced Droop control approach is also executed. And then, The simulation of two inverters in island mode was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Additionally, the findings show the feasibility and precision of the control scheme.
微电网是近年来在大型电力系统中部署和控制分布式发电(dg)的最有效方法。在孤岛模式下,微电网维持恒频恒压以实现连续负荷分担是困难的。逆变器模块同步处理是提高微电网逆变器稳定性、效率和冗余度的一种解决方案。自主微电网的主要目标是在负荷转移期间保持电压水平正常。孤岛模式可以理解下垂控制中等效dg的负载分担,并实现了一种增强的下垂控制方法。然后,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中对孤岛模式下的两个逆变器进行了仿真。实验结果表明了该控制方案的可行性和精度。
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引用次数: 2
Embedding Color Watermark by Adjusting DCT using RGB Gray Scale Watermarking 利用RGB灰度水印调整DCT嵌入彩色水印
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432
Neha Gupta, A. Bhansali
Digital Watermarking with PSO and Fuzzy Logic is an attempt to find suitable location using PSO and Fuzzy Logic by looking at the surrounding pixels and adaptively adjusting the pixel intensity values to encode the watermark bits. The result obtained using this technique indicates that following adaptive insertion on the pixels after finding location by PSO is more effective to obtain better fidelity and robustness. The inverse tradeoff between robustness and fidelity is also demising. The method proposed includes color watermarking as an extension of gray scale watermarking by dividing color image into RGB gray scale and then uniting them together.
基于粒子群算法和模糊逻辑的数字水印是利用粒子群算法和模糊逻辑通过观察周围的像素,自适应地调整像素强度值来对水印位进行编码,从而找到合适的位置。实验结果表明,粒子群算法在定位后对像素点进行自适应插入可以获得更好的保真度和鲁棒性。健壮性和保真度之间的反向权衡也在消失。该方法将彩色水印作为灰度水印的扩展,将彩色图像划分为RGB灰度,然后将它们合并在一起。
{"title":"Embedding Color Watermark by Adjusting DCT using RGB Gray Scale Watermarking","authors":"Neha Gupta, A. Bhansali","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619432","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Watermarking with PSO and Fuzzy Logic is an attempt to find suitable location using PSO and Fuzzy Logic by looking at the surrounding pixels and adaptively adjusting the pixel intensity values to encode the watermark bits. The result obtained using this technique indicates that following adaptive insertion on the pixels after finding location by PSO is more effective to obtain better fidelity and robustness. The inverse tradeoff between robustness and fidelity is also demising. The method proposed includes color watermarking as an extension of gray scale watermarking by dividing color image into RGB gray scale and then uniting them together.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sunday-FL – Developing Open Source Platform for Federated Learning 周日fl -开发联邦学习的开源平台
Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619338
P. Niedziela, Anastasiya Danilenka, Dominik Kolasa, M. Ganzha, M. Paprzycki, Kumar Nalinaksh
Since its inception, in approximately 2017, federated learning became an area of intensive research. Obviously, such research requires tools that can be used for experimentation. Here, the biggest industrial players proposed their own platforms, but these platforms are anchored in tools that they “promote”. Moreover, they are mainly "all-in-one" solutions, aimed at facilitating the federate learning process, rather than supporting research “about it”. Taking this into account, we have decided to start developing an open source modular flexible federated learning platform. The aim of this contribution is to briefly summarize key aspects of federated learning and, in this context, to introduce our platform.
自大约2017年成立以来,联邦学习成为了一个深入研究的领域。显然,这样的研究需要可以用于实验的工具。在这里,最大的行业参与者提出了他们自己的平台,但这些平台是锚定在他们“推广”的工具中。此外,它们主要是“一体化”解决方案,旨在促进联邦学习过程,而不是支持“关于它”的研究。考虑到这一点,我们决定开始开发一个开源模块化灵活的联邦学习平台。本文的目的是简要总结联邦学习的关键方面,并在此背景下介绍我们的平台。
{"title":"Sunday-FL – Developing Open Source Platform for Federated Learning","authors":"P. Niedziela, Anastasiya Danilenka, Dominik Kolasa, M. Ganzha, M. Paprzycki, Kumar Nalinaksh","doi":"10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619338","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception, in approximately 2017, federated learning became an area of intensive research. Obviously, such research requires tools that can be used for experimentation. Here, the biggest industrial players proposed their own platforms, but these platforms are anchored in tools that they “promote”. Moreover, they are mainly \"all-in-one\" solutions, aimed at facilitating the federate learning process, rather than supporting research “about it”. Taking this into account, we have decided to start developing an open source modular flexible federated learning platform. The aim of this contribution is to briefly summarize key aspects of federated learning and, in this context, to introduce our platform.","PeriodicalId":129682,"journal":{"name":"2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129299670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0)
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