Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/25165984231215888
Shahi Nabhan A. K., Kritik Saxena, Niyas Puzhakkal, Dinesh Makuny, Jose Mathew, D. Lawrence K.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as an effective manufacturing technology that benefits the medical field with its ease of quickly realizing complex designs. Brachytherapy is a process to cure cancer patients through a high dose rate of gamma radiation. This work aimed at AM-based development of multi-channel vaginal and penile brachytherapy applicators for selectively treating cancer cells in a direction sideways to the applicator rather than the uniform radiation dose possible around the conventional applicator used in cancer treatment. An analytical model was proposed to predict the maximum surface temperature on applicators during Ir-192 source radiation. Also, the predicted values of multi-physics-based finite element method simulation were experimentally validated using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal imaging is a non-contact measurement that is found superior to the brachytherapy scale to position radioactive sources inside the applicator. Experimentally examined multi-channel applicator shows dosimetry advantage in effective radiation control and shows promise of curing cancerous cells with minimal effects on normal cells.
快速成型制造（AM）正在成为一种有效的制造技术，它可以轻松快速地实现复杂的设计，从而造福于医疗领域。近距离放射治疗是一种通过高剂量率伽马射线治疗癌症患者的方法。这项工作旨在基于 AM 技术开发多通道阴道和阴茎近距离放射治疗涂抹器，以选择性地治疗涂抹器侧向的癌细胞，而不是在用于癌症治疗的传统涂抹器周围进行均匀的放射剂量。研究人员提出了一个分析模型，用于预测 Ir-192 放射源辐射时涂药器表面的最高温度。此外，还使用热成像摄像机对基于多物理场的有限元法模拟的预测值进行了实验验证。热成像是一种非接触式测量方法，与近距离放射疗法标尺相比，它在定位放射源在涂抹器内部的位置方面更具优势。经过实验检验的多通道涂抹器在有效控制辐射方面显示出剂量学优势，并有望在治愈癌细胞的同时将对正常细胞的影响降至最低。
{"title":"Design and development of additivemanufactured multi-channel brachytherapy applicators for cancer treatment","authors":"Shahi Nabhan A. K., Kritik Saxena, Niyas Puzhakkal, Dinesh Makuny, Jose Mathew, D. Lawrence K.","doi":"10.1177/25165984231215888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231215888","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as an effective manufacturing technology that benefits the medical field with its ease of quickly realizing complex designs. Brachytherapy is a process to cure cancer patients through a high dose rate of gamma radiation. This work aimed at AM-based development of multi-channel vaginal and penile brachytherapy applicators for selectively treating cancer cells in a direction sideways to the applicator rather than the uniform radiation dose possible around the conventional applicator used in cancer treatment. An analytical model was proposed to predict the maximum surface temperature on applicators during Ir-192 source radiation. Also, the predicted values of multi-physics-based finite element method simulation were experimentally validated using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal imaging is a non-contact measurement that is found superior to the brachytherapy scale to position radioactive sources inside the applicator. Experimentally examined multi-channel applicator shows dosimetry advantage in effective radiation control and shows promise of curing cancerous cells with minimal effects on normal cells.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"270 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/25165984241228088
Neel Kamal Gupta, P. K. Rakesh, Vikas Rastogi, Inderdeep Singh
Additive manufacturing has been a revolution in the last decade and has led to a number of product innovations. Rapid prototyping (RP) has significantly reduced the product development cycle time and RP techniques are now replacing many conventional plastic processing techniques where production volume is not an issue. In order to ascertain the utility of additive manufacturing techniques for the development of fully functional parts, it’s important to establish the optimal set of process parameters for achieving maximum mechanical performance. In the current experimental investigation, the dogbone-shaped parts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were fabricated by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The process parameters were optimized for dogbone-shaped specimens fabricated by the FDM process. Among the parameters, it has been found that orientation and infill density are the most dominant factors affecting the tensile strength of FDM parts printed with ABS material.
{"title":"Process parametric optimization of fused deposition modeling for manufacturing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts","authors":"Neel Kamal Gupta, P. K. Rakesh, Vikas Rastogi, Inderdeep Singh","doi":"10.1177/25165984241228088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984241228088","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing has been a revolution in the last decade and has led to a number of product innovations. Rapid prototyping (RP) has significantly reduced the product development cycle time and RP techniques are now replacing many conventional plastic processing techniques where production volume is not an issue. In order to ascertain the utility of additive manufacturing techniques for the development of fully functional parts, it’s important to establish the optimal set of process parameters for achieving maximum mechanical performance. In the current experimental investigation, the dogbone-shaped parts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were fabricated by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The process parameters were optimized for dogbone-shaped specimens fabricated by the FDM process. Among the parameters, it has been found that orientation and infill density are the most dominant factors affecting the tensile strength of FDM parts printed with ABS material.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"7 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1177/25165984231215888
Shahi Nabhan A. K., Kritik Saxena, Niyas Puzhakkal, Dinesh Makuny, Jose Mathew, D. Lawrence K.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as an effective manufacturing technology that benefits the medical field with its ease of quickly realizing complex designs. Brachytherapy is a process to cure cancer patients through a high dose rate of gamma radiation. This work aimed at AM-based development of multi-channel vaginal and penile brachytherapy applicators for selectively treating cancer cells in a direction sideways to the applicator rather than the uniform radiation dose possible around the conventional applicator used in cancer treatment. An analytical model was proposed to predict the maximum surface temperature on applicators during Ir-192 source radiation. Also, the predicted values of multi-physics-based finite element method simulation were experimentally validated using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal imaging is a non-contact measurement that is found superior to the brachytherapy scale to position radioactive sources inside the applicator. Experimentally examined multi-channel applicator shows dosimetry advantage in effective radiation control and shows promise of curing cancerous cells with minimal effects on normal cells.
快速成型制造（AM）正在成为一种有效的制造技术，它可以轻松快速地实现复杂的设计，从而造福于医疗领域。近距离放射治疗是一种通过高剂量率伽马射线治疗癌症患者的方法。这项工作旨在基于 AM 技术开发多通道阴道和阴茎近距离放射治疗涂抹器，以选择性地治疗涂抹器侧向的癌细胞，而不是在用于癌症治疗的传统涂抹器周围进行均匀的放射剂量。研究人员提出了一个分析模型，用于预测 Ir-192 放射源辐射时涂药器表面的最高温度。此外，还使用热成像摄像机对基于多物理场的有限元法模拟的预测值进行了实验验证。热成像是一种非接触式测量方法，与近距离放射疗法标尺相比，它在定位放射源在涂抹器内部的位置方面更具优势。经过实验检验的多通道涂抹器在有效控制辐射方面显示出剂量学优势，并有望在治愈癌细胞的同时将对正常细胞的影响降至最低。
{"title":"Design and development of additivemanufactured multi-channel brachytherapy applicators for cancer treatment","authors":"Shahi Nabhan A. K., Kritik Saxena, Niyas Puzhakkal, Dinesh Makuny, Jose Mathew, D. Lawrence K.","doi":"10.1177/25165984231215888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231215888","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as an effective manufacturing technology that benefits the medical field with its ease of quickly realizing complex designs. Brachytherapy is a process to cure cancer patients through a high dose rate of gamma radiation. This work aimed at AM-based development of multi-channel vaginal and penile brachytherapy applicators for selectively treating cancer cells in a direction sideways to the applicator rather than the uniform radiation dose possible around the conventional applicator used in cancer treatment. An analytical model was proposed to predict the maximum surface temperature on applicators during Ir-192 source radiation. Also, the predicted values of multi-physics-based finite element method simulation were experimentally validated using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal imaging is a non-contact measurement that is found superior to the brachytherapy scale to position radioactive sources inside the applicator. Experimentally examined multi-channel applicator shows dosimetry advantage in effective radiation control and shows promise of curing cancerous cells with minimal effects on normal cells.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/25165984231203091
A. Sharma, Amit Kumar
The heterogeneous nature of the copper beryllium (CuBe) workpiece because of the presence of hard particles tends to affect material removal. When machining a CuBe material, it is anticipated that the mechanism of cutting and surface formation may differ from those seen when cutting a homogenous Cu material. Although these mechanisms are popular for the diamond turning of homogeneous materials, they have not been thoroughly studied in relation to CuBe alloys, which contain hard beryllium precipitates. Therefore, the effect of hard particles in the workpiece specimen on the nano-regime diamond turning of CuBe alloy needs to be understood. To explain the influence of Beryllium (Be) particles on the cutting tool and the workpiece surface, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed. It is revealed that the material removal mechanism in the case of CuBe is phase-dependent. Ductile machining is dominant in the Cu phase, and brittle fracture is dominant in the Be rich phase. It is also observed that the a/r ratio equal to 1 is suitable for cutting in the Cu phase and for ductile regime machining conditions in the Be phase. The a/r ratio higher than 1 causes higher cutting forces, and thus shear plane cutting takes place, which leads to a higher amount of material removal.
铍铜 (CuBe) 工件因含有硬质颗粒而具有异质性，这往往会影响材料的去除。在加工铍铜材料时，预计切削和表面形成的机理可能不同于切削均质铜材料时的机理。虽然这些机制在金刚石车削均质材料时很流行，但对于含有硬铍沉淀的 CuBe 合金，还没有进行过深入研究。因此，需要了解工件试样中的硬质颗粒对 CuBe 合金纳米规金刚石车削的影响。为了解释铍（Be）颗粒对切削工具和工件表面的影响，我们进行了分子动力学（MD）模拟。结果表明，CuBe 的材料去除机制与相位有关。在 Cu 相中主要是延展性加工，而在富 Be 相中主要是脆性断裂。还可以观察到，a/r 比等于 1 时，适合在 Cu 相中进行切削，而在 Be 相中则适合韧性机制加工条件。大于 1 的 a/r 比会导致较高的切削力，因此会发生剪切面切削，从而导致较高的材料去除量。
{"title":"Atomic scale insights into material removal mechanisms in nanoscale machining of copper beryllium","authors":"A. Sharma, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1177/25165984231203091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231203091","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneous nature of the copper beryllium (CuBe) workpiece because of the presence of hard particles tends to affect material removal. When machining a CuBe material, it is anticipated that the mechanism of cutting and surface formation may differ from those seen when cutting a homogenous Cu material. Although these mechanisms are popular for the diamond turning of homogeneous materials, they have not been thoroughly studied in relation to CuBe alloys, which contain hard beryllium precipitates. Therefore, the effect of hard particles in the workpiece specimen on the nano-regime diamond turning of CuBe alloy needs to be understood. To explain the influence of Beryllium (Be) particles on the cutting tool and the workpiece surface, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed. It is revealed that the material removal mechanism in the case of CuBe is phase-dependent. Ductile machining is dominant in the Cu phase, and brittle fracture is dominant in the Be rich phase. It is also observed that the a/r ratio equal to 1 is suitable for cutting in the Cu phase and for ductile regime machining conditions in the Be phase. The a/r ratio higher than 1 causes higher cutting forces, and thus shear plane cutting takes place, which leads to a higher amount of material removal.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1177/25165984231196354
Saravanan Murugayan, Simson D, Samarjeet Chanda, K. S
Miniaturization of parts of devices is the driving force for fabrication of micro-features. In this study fabrication of protruded multi-shaped micro-feature array on AA 6063 is attempted by laser micromachining. For fabricating the protruded microfeatures, the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and frequency of the laser beam have been optimized by considering track depth, width, and surface roughness as the output parameters. Three different cross sections in the tracks such as pileup section, W-section, and Gaussian groove section are observed. It is found that shape of the tracks vary with the scanning speed for the same power and frequency of the laser beam. The tracks of pileup section, W-section, and Gaussian groove section were produced for a laser scanning speed of 100 mm/s, 200mm/s, and 300 mm/s, respectively. Further, a laser-thermal ablative model is developed for predicting the depth of the single track and simulated using COMSOL® Multiphysics. The predicted track depths obtained from the simulations have good agreement with experimental results. In order to produce the protruded microfeatures of different shapes, multiple track analysis is done by fabricating the single tracks adjacent to one another by overlapping them, and the overlapping distance is optimized. The protruded microfeatures are then fabricated by removing the surrounding material for different scanning strategies and it is found that the contour strategy produced the features with minimal form error. Finally, it is demonstrated that an array of protruded micro-features of polygon (square, hexagon), and circular cross sections can be fabricated using the optimized process parameters for various applications.
{"title":"Studies on fabrication of protruded multi-shaped micro-feature array on AA 6063 by laser micromachining","authors":"Saravanan Murugayan, Simson D, Samarjeet Chanda, K. S","doi":"10.1177/25165984231196354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231196354","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturization of parts of devices is the driving force for fabrication of micro-features. In this study fabrication of protruded multi-shaped micro-feature array on AA 6063 is attempted by laser micromachining. For fabricating the protruded microfeatures, the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and frequency of the laser beam have been optimized by considering track depth, width, and surface roughness as the output parameters. Three different cross sections in the tracks such as pileup section, W-section, and Gaussian groove section are observed. It is found that shape of the tracks vary with the scanning speed for the same power and frequency of the laser beam. The tracks of pileup section, W-section, and Gaussian groove section were produced for a laser scanning speed of 100 mm/s, 200mm/s, and 300 mm/s, respectively. Further, a laser-thermal ablative model is developed for predicting the depth of the single track and simulated using COMSOL® Multiphysics. The predicted track depths obtained from the simulations have good agreement with experimental results. In order to produce the protruded microfeatures of different shapes, multiple track analysis is done by fabricating the single tracks adjacent to one another by overlapping them, and the overlapping distance is optimized. The protruded microfeatures are then fabricated by removing the surrounding material for different scanning strategies and it is found that the contour strategy produced the features with minimal form error. Finally, it is demonstrated that an array of protruded micro-features of polygon (square, hexagon), and circular cross sections can be fabricated using the optimized process parameters for various applications.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/25165984231206690
Prabhat Ranjan, Tribeni Roy, A. Sharma
The demand for polished silicon wafers has increased significantly in recent years to cater to the development of the semiconductor industry. For example, polished silicon wafer has direct applications in integrated circuits, radio frequency amplifiers, micro-processors, micro-electromechanical systems, etc. To carry out mechanical polishing, lapping, grinding, or single-point diamond turning of silicon, diamond abrasives were extensively used before the implementation of chemo-mechanical polishing. During the diamond-based polishing, a few problems have already been identified, such as the formation of an amorphous phase, heat-affected zones, low material removal, etc. Some research work has also reported that nano-structured abrasives lead to a thin layer of the amorphous phase and a better material removal rate. In the same direction, a molecular dynamics simulation is carried out in this paper to investigate the mechanism of material removal from monocrystalline silicon during the diamond-abrasive-based polishing process. The present work is mainly focused on the dynamics of material removal phenomena near the abrasive particles at the nanometric scale by considering stress, lattice, cohesive energy, etc. This reveals that a higher value of indentation force results in surface buckling, which creates a zone of both compressive and tensile stresses, which increases the coordination number and forms β-silicon just ahead of the abrasive particle. This mechanism happens by developing a β-silicon phase on the surface with a thickness beyond a certain value of indentation force on the zone of compression. Buckling on this phase happens due to stress localisation in compression, as the flow stress of this phase is less than that of diamond cubic lattices. To avoid the mechanism of surface buckling and process silicon material on the surface, the indentation force needs to be maintained below a critical value. In the present case, it was found that the indentation force of less than or equal to 190 nN for the abrasive size of ϕ8 nm does the material removal by surface processing only without surface buckling. It was also found that surface processing helps to reduce the depth of the amorphous layer significantly without compromising the material removal rate or the generation of a wavy surface. Thus, the present mechanism will help in the polishing of silicon with minimum defects and reduce processing time for the final stage of polishing towards manufacturing ultra-smooth and planer surfaces.
近年来，随着半导体工业的发展，对抛光硅片的需求大幅增加。例如，抛光硅片可直接应用于集成电路、射频放大器、微处理器、微机电系统等。在实施化学机械抛光之前，为了对硅片进行机械抛光、研磨、磨削或单点金刚石车削，人们广泛使用金刚石磨料。在基于金刚石的抛光过程中，已经发现了一些问题，如非晶相的形成、热影响区、材料去除率低等。一些研究报告还指出，纳米结构的磨料能使无定形相形成薄层，并提高材料去除率。在同一方向上，本文进行了分子动力学模拟，以研究基于金刚石磨料的抛光过程中单晶硅的材料去除机理。本研究主要通过考虑应力、晶格、内聚能等因素，在纳米尺度上对磨料颗粒附近的材料去除现象进行动态研究。研究结果表明，压痕力值越大，表面屈曲越大，从而形成一个既有压应力又有拉应力的区域，使配位数增加，并在磨料颗粒前方形成β-硅。这种机理是通过在压缩区的压痕力超过一定值时，在表面形成厚度超过一定值的β硅相。由于该相的流动应力小于金刚石立方晶格的流动应力，因此在压缩过程中会出现应力局部化，导致该相发生屈曲。为了避免表面屈曲机理并在表面上加工硅材料，需要将压痕力保持在临界值以下。在本案例中，我们发现，当磨料粒度为 ϕ8 nm 时，压痕力小于或等于 190 nN 时，只需通过表面加工去除材料，而不会出现表面屈曲。研究还发现，表面处理有助于显著减少非晶层的深度，而不会影响材料去除率或产生波浪形表面。因此，本机制将有助于以最小的缺陷进行硅抛光，并减少抛光最后阶段的加工时间，从而制造出超光滑的平面表面。
{"title":"Mechanism of surface modification on monocrystalline silicon during diamond polishing at nanometric scale","authors":"Prabhat Ranjan, Tribeni Roy, A. Sharma","doi":"10.1177/25165984231206690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231206690","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for polished silicon wafers has increased significantly in recent years to cater to the development of the semiconductor industry. For example, polished silicon wafer has direct applications in integrated circuits, radio frequency amplifiers, micro-processors, micro-electromechanical systems, etc. To carry out mechanical polishing, lapping, grinding, or single-point diamond turning of silicon, diamond abrasives were extensively used before the implementation of chemo-mechanical polishing. During the diamond-based polishing, a few problems have already been identified, such as the formation of an amorphous phase, heat-affected zones, low material removal, etc. Some research work has also reported that nano-structured abrasives lead to a thin layer of the amorphous phase and a better material removal rate. In the same direction, a molecular dynamics simulation is carried out in this paper to investigate the mechanism of material removal from monocrystalline silicon during the diamond-abrasive-based polishing process. The present work is mainly focused on the dynamics of material removal phenomena near the abrasive particles at the nanometric scale by considering stress, lattice, cohesive energy, etc. This reveals that a higher value of indentation force results in surface buckling, which creates a zone of both compressive and tensile stresses, which increases the coordination number and forms β-silicon just ahead of the abrasive particle. This mechanism happens by developing a β-silicon phase on the surface with a thickness beyond a certain value of indentation force on the zone of compression. Buckling on this phase happens due to stress localisation in compression, as the flow stress of this phase is less than that of diamond cubic lattices. To avoid the mechanism of surface buckling and process silicon material on the surface, the indentation force needs to be maintained below a critical value. In the present case, it was found that the indentation force of less than or equal to 190 nN for the abrasive size of ϕ8 nm does the material removal by surface processing only without surface buckling. It was also found that surface processing helps to reduce the depth of the amorphous layer significantly without compromising the material removal rate or the generation of a wavy surface. Thus, the present mechanism will help in the polishing of silicon with minimum defects and reduce processing time for the final stage of polishing towards manufacturing ultra-smooth and planer surfaces.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/25165984231206689
S. Purushothaman, M. S. Srinivas, N. Venkaiah, M. R. Sankar
Micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a widely used technique for producing complex geometries with high precision in metals, including nitinol (NiTi) alloys. This review provides insights into the process parameters, electrode material, and surface integrity for the micro-EDM of NiTi. The pulse duration, pulse frequency, and discharge current are critical parameters that affect the machining performance of NiTi. Copper-tungsten and tungsten carbide are commonly used electrode materials for micro-EDM of NiTi. The surface integrity of the machined surface is an essential consideration for biomedical applications. There is a pressing need for the investigation of the microstructure and phase transformation of NiTi after micro-EDM to understand the influence of machining on the material properties. This review provides valuable information for researchers and engineers to optimize the machining performance and improve the material properties of NiTi for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Salient aspects on micro-electrical discharge machining of nitinol for cardiovascular applications","authors":"S. Purushothaman, M. S. Srinivas, N. Venkaiah, M. R. Sankar","doi":"10.1177/25165984231206689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231206689","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a widely used technique for producing complex geometries with high precision in metals, including nitinol (NiTi) alloys. This review provides insights into the process parameters, electrode material, and surface integrity for the micro-EDM of NiTi. The pulse duration, pulse frequency, and discharge current are critical parameters that affect the machining performance of NiTi. Copper-tungsten and tungsten carbide are commonly used electrode materials for micro-EDM of NiTi. The surface integrity of the machined surface is an essential consideration for biomedical applications. There is a pressing need for the investigation of the microstructure and phase transformation of NiTi after micro-EDM to understand the influence of machining on the material properties. This review provides valuable information for researchers and engineers to optimize the machining performance and improve the material properties of NiTi for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"56 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1177/25165984231175586
Chen Zhang, V. Silberschmidt
Various micro-texturing techniques are used to generate the surface topography. However, conventional methods are inherently difficult to adapt for efficient production of micro-textures on cylindrical surface. In this paper, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted (UEVA) cutting technique based on discussed control parameters is proposed to fabricate the micro-texture on cylindrical surfaces. In the proposed UEVA micro-texturing method, a control model is developed based on shape and distribution parameters for the micro-texture. The locus of UEVA cutting is actively controlled with this EVA model to generate the micro-texture. The simulation model based on the proposed micro-texturing method is developed to predict the topography of the generated micro-texture. The cutting experiment to produce the micro-texture is conducted to verify the established control model. A comparison of the obtained results shows that the proposed UEVA micro-texturing method can be used to predict and generate the micro-texture on the cylindrical surfaces.
{"title":"Ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted micro-texturing","authors":"Chen Zhang, V. Silberschmidt","doi":"10.1177/25165984231175586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231175586","url":null,"abstract":"Various micro-texturing techniques are used to generate the surface topography. However, conventional methods are inherently difficult to adapt for efficient production of micro-textures on cylindrical surface. In this paper, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted (UEVA) cutting technique based on discussed control parameters is proposed to fabricate the micro-texture on cylindrical surfaces. In the proposed UEVA micro-texturing method, a control model is developed based on shape and distribution parameters for the micro-texture. The locus of UEVA cutting is actively controlled with this EVA model to generate the micro-texture. The simulation model based on the proposed micro-texturing method is developed to predict the topography of the generated micro-texture. The cutting experiment to produce the micro-texture is conducted to verify the established control model. A comparison of the obtained results shows that the proposed UEVA micro-texturing method can be used to predict and generate the micro-texture on the cylindrical surfaces.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132689879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1177/25165984231173186
A. G. dos Santos, M. B. da Silva, M. Jackson
Micromilling is a high-precision machining process that has been widely used to produce components or provide micro-characteristics on macro-sized parts. It is imperative that surfaces generated by micro-machining have high specifications and quality, translated as low surface roughness and a minimum number of burrs. Deburring processes are difficult to control, and the need to assure process quality motivated a study of this work focused on burr formation and surface quality when micromilling duplex stainless steel (UNS S32205). For this purpose, slots were machined using a 4-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) micromachining center equipped with TiN-coated carbide microtools (381 µm diameter (0.015 inch)). Optimization experiments were performed in order to choose the most suitable cutting conditions. The measurements of burr height and surface roughness were made using a profilometer. In addition, milled slots were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that top burrs were dominant, and the main types presented on the up-milling side were feather burrs and primary burrs. On the down-milling side, burrs presented a rather irregular shape. The width of the root of the burr presented values very close to the size of the metallurgical phases of the material, and burrs formed at distances that are comparable to the spacing between both phases, such as, α-ferrite and γ-austenite. Surface roughness is higher when using increased cutting speeds, implying that lower speeds produce a measure of surface roughness in line with component specifications that appears to be dependent on the type of burr formed during milling and associated tool wear.
{"title":"Investigations on burr formation mechanisms and surface quality when micro-milling duplex stainless steel (UNS S32205)","authors":"A. G. dos Santos, M. B. da Silva, M. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/25165984231173186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231173186","url":null,"abstract":"Micromilling is a high-precision machining process that has been widely used to produce components or provide micro-characteristics on macro-sized parts. It is imperative that surfaces generated by micro-machining have high specifications and quality, translated as low surface roughness and a minimum number of burrs. Deburring processes are difficult to control, and the need to assure process quality motivated a study of this work focused on burr formation and surface quality when micromilling duplex stainless steel (UNS S32205). For this purpose, slots were machined using a 4-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) micromachining center equipped with TiN-coated carbide microtools (381 µm diameter (0.015 inch)). Optimization experiments were performed in order to choose the most suitable cutting conditions. The measurements of burr height and surface roughness were made using a profilometer. In addition, milled slots were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that top burrs were dominant, and the main types presented on the up-milling side were feather burrs and primary burrs. On the down-milling side, burrs presented a rather irregular shape. The width of the root of the burr presented values very close to the size of the metallurgical phases of the material, and burrs formed at distances that are comparable to the spacing between both phases, such as, α-ferrite and γ-austenite. Surface roughness is higher when using increased cutting speeds, implying that lower speeds produce a measure of surface roughness in line with component specifications that appears to be dependent on the type of burr formed during milling and associated tool wear.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1177/25165984231171896
Arnab Das, Shri Narayan Agnihotri, Vivek Bajpai
Cutting force for conventional orthogonal machining can be predicted by Merchant’s Circle Diagram (MCD) considering the shearing action of chip formation. However, the effect of plowing action is significant for micro turning, which has not been considered in MCD. Therefore, a large error has been observed in the prediction of cutting force in micro turning by MCD theory. In this study, a compensated model has been developed for orthogonal micro turning based on MCD. The theory has taken shearing and plowing actions into consideration. The compensated model involved material flow stress, cutting parameters, and tool geometry, including cutting edge radius. This model has predicted tangential cutting force with an average prediction error of 3.75% for micro turning of Ti6Al4V, whereas the average prediction error was 14.9% for axial cutting force.
考虑切屑形成的剪切作用，利用Merchant’s Circle Diagram (MCD)预测常规正交加工的切削力。然而，耕动对微转弯的影响是显著的，这在MCD中没有被考虑。因此，用MCD理论预测微车削时的切削力存在较大误差。本文建立了基于MCD的正交微车削补偿模型。该理论考虑了剪切和犁耕作用。补偿模型涉及材料流应力、切削参数和刀具几何形状，包括切削刃半径。该模型对Ti6Al4V微车削切向切削力的预测平均误差为3.75%，对轴向切削力的预测平均误差为14.9%。
{"title":"Compensation for Merchant’s Circle Diagram to predict cutting force in orthogonal micro turning","authors":"Arnab Das, Shri Narayan Agnihotri, Vivek Bajpai","doi":"10.1177/25165984231171896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25165984231171896","url":null,"abstract":"Cutting force for conventional orthogonal machining can be predicted by Merchant’s Circle Diagram (MCD) considering the shearing action of chip formation. However, the effect of plowing action is significant for micro turning, which has not been considered in MCD. Therefore, a large error has been observed in the prediction of cutting force in micro turning by MCD theory. In this study, a compensated model has been developed for orthogonal micro turning based on MCD. The theory has taken shearing and plowing actions into consideration. The compensated model involved material flow stress, cutting parameters, and tool geometry, including cutting edge radius. This model has predicted tangential cutting force with an average prediction error of 3.75% for micro turning of Ti6Al4V, whereas the average prediction error was 14.9% for axial cutting force.","PeriodicalId":129806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Micromanufacturing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117023714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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