Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525
S. Watanabe, K. Aoki, H. Iwata, N. Hayashi, A. Ohashi, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Uchida, D. Dykes, G. Touchard
An idea of gradient functions has recently developed in Japan, giving birth to an entirely new concept in materials. The formal name for the new materials is "functionally gradient materials", or FGMs for short. Application fields for FGMs are found throughout the various sectors of engineering. None of the methods of manufacture or other previously existing ones, allowed the manufacture of a comprehensive range of FGM thicknesses extending from less than 1 millimetre to several centimetres. The authors have developed a new method of FGM manufacture, for which a US patent has been granted. Using this method, it has became possible to produce FGMs across the whole range of thickness from a few millimetres up to several tens of centimetres. We call this new method "progressive lamination". The present paper examines the resistance-temperature properties of material manufactured by this method. It is found that measurements of temperature differences down to as small as 0.1/spl deg/C are practicable. The material is well within the range of suitability for use as a thermistor.
{"title":"Use of functionally gradient material in a temperature measuring element","authors":"S. Watanabe, K. Aoki, H. Iwata, N. Hayashi, A. Ohashi, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Uchida, D. Dykes, G. Touchard","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525","url":null,"abstract":"An idea of gradient functions has recently developed in Japan, giving birth to an entirely new concept in materials. The formal name for the new materials is \"functionally gradient materials\", or FGMs for short. Application fields for FGMs are found throughout the various sectors of engineering. None of the methods of manufacture or other previously existing ones, allowed the manufacture of a comprehensive range of FGM thicknesses extending from less than 1 millimetre to several centimetres. The authors have developed a new method of FGM manufacture, for which a US patent has been granted. Using this method, it has became possible to produce FGMs across the whole range of thickness from a few millimetres up to several tens of centimetres. We call this new method \"progressive lamination\". The present paper examines the resistance-temperature properties of material manufactured by this method. It is found that measurements of temperature differences down to as small as 0.1/spl deg/C are practicable. The material is well within the range of suitability for use as a thermistor.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528
S. Pélissou
The water absorption of various kinds of cable insulation and shields has been studied. The three water tree crosslinked polyethylene (WTRXLPE) materials absorb a large amount of water compared to ordinary XLPE, probably because of the polar character of the WTR material. One WTRXLPE seems to lose its effectiveness at 80/spl deg/C. EPR has also a great water content capability but less than the WTRXLPE. It is clear from this work that new cable insulation and shields absorb much more water than conventional ones.
{"title":"Water absorption of extruded cable components","authors":"S. Pélissou","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528","url":null,"abstract":"The water absorption of various kinds of cable insulation and shields has been studied. The three water tree crosslinked polyethylene (WTRXLPE) materials absorb a large amount of water compared to ordinary XLPE, probably because of the polar character of the WTR material. One WTRXLPE seems to lose its effectiveness at 80/spl deg/C. EPR has also a great water content capability but less than the WTRXLPE. It is clear from this work that new cable insulation and shields absorb much more water than conventional ones.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133157526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542
K. Urano, Y. Ehara, H. Kishida, T. Ito
This research was carried out to analyze the treeing phenomena from a needle shape void by discharge pulses and a discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The discharge pulse and the discharge luminescence were measured by a special measuring system to analyze a discharge magnitude and a discharge luminous intensity image according to several phase angle areas of applied voltage. In particular, in this study, we focused on the discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The luminous image was recorded on a CCD camera, and the image was digitized by a computer after the experiment.
{"title":"Analysis of partial discharge phenomena by discharge magnitude and discharge luminescence in each phase angle","authors":"K. Urano, Y. Ehara, H. Kishida, T. Ito","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to analyze the treeing phenomena from a needle shape void by discharge pulses and a discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The discharge pulse and the discharge luminescence were measured by a special measuring system to analyze a discharge magnitude and a discharge luminous intensity image according to several phase angle areas of applied voltage. In particular, in this study, we focused on the discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The luminous image was recorded on a CCD camera, and the image was digitized by a computer after the experiment.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129217777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496527
L. Qingquan, Han Shuyu, Zhang Xiaohong
Experimental results show the water molecule, as a plasticizer, or via ohmic conduction and its strong poling field, to be able to accelerate the charge decay of the poled LDPE specimen; also, as an accepter, to assist charge injection during poling of specimens. A newly found humidity-induced TSC peak at medium temperature could be attributed to dissociated ions from trap in amorphous-crystalline interface.
{"title":"The role of water molecules in low density polyethylene","authors":"L. Qingquan, Han Shuyu, Zhang Xiaohong","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496527","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results show the water molecule, as a plasticizer, or via ohmic conduction and its strong poling field, to be able to accelerate the charge decay of the poled LDPE specimen; also, as an accepter, to assist charge injection during poling of specimens. A newly found humidity-induced TSC peak at medium temperature could be attributed to dissociated ions from trap in amorphous-crystalline interface.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573
Ziyu Zhao, Hengkun Xie, Zongren Peng
Surface pollution is one of the contributing factors of insulator flashovers at rated voltage. Therefore in order to prevent transmission line insulators from experiencing flashover, it is very important to investigate the leakage current monitoring system to assess the pollution severity of insulators. In this paper, a newly developed leakage current monitoring system with a microcomputer-controlled device for voltage application duration control and data acquisition recording is presented. By using this new monitoring system, the conductivity of the pollution layer and the leakage current on the insulator surface can be monitored continually, hence the pollution severity can be displayed, and when pollution severity is in excess of predetermined criterion a warning signal will be released. The design consideration for the new system and the criteria of assessing pollution severity are discussed, and some on-site test results are also given in this paper.
{"title":"A newly developed leakage current monitoring system for the assessment of insulator pollution severity","authors":"Ziyu Zhao, Hengkun Xie, Zongren Peng","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573","url":null,"abstract":"Surface pollution is one of the contributing factors of insulator flashovers at rated voltage. Therefore in order to prevent transmission line insulators from experiencing flashover, it is very important to investigate the leakage current monitoring system to assess the pollution severity of insulators. In this paper, a newly developed leakage current monitoring system with a microcomputer-controlled device for voltage application duration control and data acquisition recording is presented. By using this new monitoring system, the conductivity of the pollution layer and the leakage current on the insulator surface can be monitored continually, hence the pollution severity can be displayed, and when pollution severity is in excess of predetermined criterion a warning signal will be released. The design consideration for the new system and the criteria of assessing pollution severity are discussed, and some on-site test results are also given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546
J. Kapler, G. Stone, H. Sedding
Many hundreds of partial discharge test results on about 100 operating motors and generators have been reviewed. In the majority of results, the position of the partial discharges with respect to the 600 Hz phase angle was as expected from conventional partial discharge theory, as well as laboratory experiments. However, perhaps 25490 of the PPA plots were "abnormal" in some way. Yet these patterns are real, and are not due to noise, nor are they artifacts of the measurement system. Researchers developing pattern recognition techniques for PD pulses should be aware that patterns from operating high voltage equipment may be much more complex than the patterns obtained in laboratory apparatus.
{"title":"Partial discharge pulse phase patterns on operating motors and generators","authors":"J. Kapler, G. Stone, H. Sedding","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546","url":null,"abstract":"Many hundreds of partial discharge test results on about 100 operating motors and generators have been reviewed. In the majority of results, the position of the partial discharges with respect to the 600 Hz phase angle was as expected from conventional partial discharge theory, as well as laboratory experiments. However, perhaps 25490 of the PPA plots were \"abnormal\" in some way. Yet these patterns are real, and are not due to noise, nor are they artifacts of the measurement system. Researchers developing pattern recognition techniques for PD pulses should be aware that patterns from operating high voltage equipment may be much more complex than the patterns obtained in laboratory apparatus.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124087785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538
H. Deng, R. Hackam, E. Cherney
Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water filming on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequent flashover. The hydrophobicity is maintained even after a layer of contamination has built-up on the surface. This has been attributed to the diffusion of the low molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid from the bulk to the surface of the RTV and then on to the surface of the pollution deposits. It has been reported that there was a reduction in the quantity of LMW polymer chains on the surface of an aged RTV specimen when compared to a virgin specimen. This paper explores some of the factors governing the lifetime of the RTV coating. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler and various formulations were used. The content of LMW silicone fluid and the diffusion of LMW from the bulk to the surface were determined in RTV coatings having thicknesses from 0.17 to 0.99 mm, ATH particles from 1.0 to 75 /spl mu/m and different carrier solvents, by using extraction techniques in analytical hexane. The roles of the LMW content and the diffusion process in the lifetime of the coating were evaluated for different formulations of RTV.
室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)已被广泛用于涂覆瓷绝缘子，以提供拒水性，防止表面形成水膜，从而抑制泄漏电流和由此产生的闪络。即使在表面积聚了一层污染物后，疏水性仍能保持。这是由于低分子量(LMW)硅酮流体从本体扩散到RTV表面，然后扩散到污染沉积物的表面。据报道，与原始样品相比，老化RTV样品表面上的LMW聚合物链的数量有所减少。本文探讨了影响RTV涂层寿命的一些因素。采用了三水合氧化铝(ATH)填料和各种配方。采用分析己烷萃取技术，在厚度为0.17 ~ 0.99 mm、ATH颗粒为1.0 ~ 75 μ l /m的RTV涂层和不同载体溶剂中，测定了LMW硅酮液的含量和LMW从体向表面的扩散。研究了不同RTV配方中LMW含量和扩散过程对涂层寿命的影响。
{"title":"Low molecular weight silicone fluid content and diffusion in RTV silicone rubber coating","authors":"H. Deng, R. Hackam, E. Cherney","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538","url":null,"abstract":"Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water filming on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequent flashover. The hydrophobicity is maintained even after a layer of contamination has built-up on the surface. This has been attributed to the diffusion of the low molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid from the bulk to the surface of the RTV and then on to the surface of the pollution deposits. It has been reported that there was a reduction in the quantity of LMW polymer chains on the surface of an aged RTV specimen when compared to a virgin specimen. This paper explores some of the factors governing the lifetime of the RTV coating. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler and various formulations were used. The content of LMW silicone fluid and the diffusion of LMW from the bulk to the surface were determined in RTV coatings having thicknesses from 0.17 to 0.99 mm, ATH particles from 1.0 to 75 /spl mu/m and different carrier solvents, by using extraction techniques in analytical hexane. The roles of the LMW content and the diffusion process in the lifetime of the coating were evaluated for different formulations of RTV.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534
Yuan Changmin, N. Yoshimura, Lim， Jangseob, H. Miyata, T. Niwa
An experimental investigation has been carried out for evaluating the treeing deterioration characteristics of composite materials by preparing an interface between cross-linked polyethylene and epoxy resin (XLPE/EX). The results under various interface conditions are described in this paper. It is found that the interface has a great effect on the treeing breakdown pattern and on the time to breakdown under various interface conditions.
{"title":"Interface effect on treeing deterioration in XLPE/EX composite materials","authors":"Yuan Changmin, N. Yoshimura, Lim， Jangseob, H. Miyata, T. Niwa","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation has been carried out for evaluating the treeing deterioration characteristics of composite materials by preparing an interface between cross-linked polyethylene and epoxy resin (XLPE/EX). The results under various interface conditions are described in this paper. It is found that the interface has a great effect on the treeing breakdown pattern and on the time to breakdown under various interface conditions.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496501
R. Clavreul, F. Duchateau
The objective of the development of polyethylene insulation diagnosis of high voltage cables in France was first to check or to determine the origin of the damage after a dielectric breakdown and to confirm hypothesis such as an accidental water penetration in the insulation or an excess temperature rise in the cable. According to our experience gained in the operation, the main cause of the dielectric breakdown of extruded cables is water penetration in the insulation, generally in high voltage extruded cables manufactured without any waterproof screen in the sixties. Other defects correlated with an excess of the temperature rise in on-line cables can also be observed : we can note the existence of a high temperature annealing in polyethylene, or eventually a modification of the mechanical properties of the insulation. Sometimes manufactured defects, for example large cavities in the insulation, can also be detected. Finally, an evolution of the insulation could be correlated with the polyethylene ageing.
{"title":"Development of polyethylene insulation diagnosis of high voltage cables in France","authors":"R. Clavreul, F. Duchateau","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496501","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the development of polyethylene insulation diagnosis of high voltage cables in France was first to check or to determine the origin of the damage after a dielectric breakdown and to confirm hypothesis such as an accidental water penetration in the insulation or an excess temperature rise in the cable. According to our experience gained in the operation, the main cause of the dielectric breakdown of extruded cables is water penetration in the insulation, generally in high voltage extruded cables manufactured without any waterproof screen in the sixties. Other defects correlated with an excess of the temperature rise in on-line cables can also be observed : we can note the existence of a high temperature annealing in polyethylene, or eventually a modification of the mechanical properties of the insulation. Sometimes manufactured defects, for example large cavities in the insulation, can also be detected. Finally, an evolution of the insulation could be correlated with the polyethylene ageing.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114577208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604
Suwarno, Y. Suzuoki, T. Mizutani, K. Uchida
Properties of partial discharges associated with electrical treeing are briefly explained and a model is proposed. Based on the proposed model, a computer simulation was carried out by using the Monte Carlo method. It was deduced from the simulation that the tree channel length and its distribution determine the PD pattern. The PD patterns of tree initiation and tree-like trees were obtained from short and long channels with a broad distribution, respectively. Those from the bush-like trees were obtained from long channels with a narrow distribution.
{"title":"A model for electrical treeing discharges in polyethylene","authors":"Suwarno, Y. Suzuoki, T. Mizutani, K. Uchida","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of partial discharges associated with electrical treeing are briefly explained and a model is proposed. Based on the proposed model, a computer simulation was carried out by using the Monte Carlo method. It was deduced from the simulation that the tree channel length and its distribution determine the PD pattern. The PD patterns of tree initiation and tree-like trees were obtained from short and long channels with a broad distribution, respectively. Those from the bush-like trees were obtained from long channels with a narrow distribution.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"522 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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