Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525
S. Watanabe, K. Aoki, H. Iwata, N. Hayashi, A. Ohashi, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Uchida, D. Dykes, G. Touchard
An idea of gradient functions has recently developed in Japan, giving birth to an entirely new concept in materials. The formal name for the new materials is "functionally gradient materials", or FGMs for short. Application fields for FGMs are found throughout the various sectors of engineering. None of the methods of manufacture or other previously existing ones, allowed the manufacture of a comprehensive range of FGM thicknesses extending from less than 1 millimetre to several centimetres. The authors have developed a new method of FGM manufacture, for which a US patent has been granted. Using this method, it has became possible to produce FGMs across the whole range of thickness from a few millimetres up to several tens of centimetres. We call this new method "progressive lamination". The present paper examines the resistance-temperature properties of material manufactured by this method. It is found that measurements of temperature differences down to as small as 0.1/spl deg/C are practicable. The material is well within the range of suitability for use as a thermistor.
{"title":"Use of functionally gradient material in a temperature measuring element","authors":"S. Watanabe, K. Aoki, H. Iwata, N. Hayashi, A. Ohashi, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Uchida, D. Dykes, G. Touchard","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496525","url":null,"abstract":"An idea of gradient functions has recently developed in Japan, giving birth to an entirely new concept in materials. The formal name for the new materials is \"functionally gradient materials\", or FGMs for short. Application fields for FGMs are found throughout the various sectors of engineering. None of the methods of manufacture or other previously existing ones, allowed the manufacture of a comprehensive range of FGM thicknesses extending from less than 1 millimetre to several centimetres. The authors have developed a new method of FGM manufacture, for which a US patent has been granted. Using this method, it has became possible to produce FGMs across the whole range of thickness from a few millimetres up to several tens of centimetres. We call this new method \"progressive lamination\". The present paper examines the resistance-temperature properties of material manufactured by this method. It is found that measurements of temperature differences down to as small as 0.1/spl deg/C are practicable. The material is well within the range of suitability for use as a thermistor.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528
S. Pélissou
The water absorption of various kinds of cable insulation and shields has been studied. The three water tree crosslinked polyethylene (WTRXLPE) materials absorb a large amount of water compared to ordinary XLPE, probably because of the polar character of the WTR material. One WTRXLPE seems to lose its effectiveness at 80/spl deg/C. EPR has also a great water content capability but less than the WTRXLPE. It is clear from this work that new cable insulation and shields absorb much more water than conventional ones.
{"title":"Water absorption of extruded cable components","authors":"S. Pélissou","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496528","url":null,"abstract":"The water absorption of various kinds of cable insulation and shields has been studied. The three water tree crosslinked polyethylene (WTRXLPE) materials absorb a large amount of water compared to ordinary XLPE, probably because of the polar character of the WTR material. One WTRXLPE seems to lose its effectiveness at 80/spl deg/C. EPR has also a great water content capability but less than the WTRXLPE. It is clear from this work that new cable insulation and shields absorb much more water than conventional ones.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133157526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542
K. Urano, Y. Ehara, H. Kishida, T. Ito
This research was carried out to analyze the treeing phenomena from a needle shape void by discharge pulses and a discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The discharge pulse and the discharge luminescence were measured by a special measuring system to analyze a discharge magnitude and a discharge luminous intensity image according to several phase angle areas of applied voltage. In particular, in this study, we focused on the discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The luminous image was recorded on a CCD camera, and the image was digitized by a computer after the experiment.
{"title":"Analysis of partial discharge phenomena by discharge magnitude and discharge luminescence in each phase angle","authors":"K. Urano, Y. Ehara, H. Kishida, T. Ito","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496542","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to analyze the treeing phenomena from a needle shape void by discharge pulses and a discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The discharge pulse and the discharge luminescence were measured by a special measuring system to analyze a discharge magnitude and a discharge luminous intensity image according to several phase angle areas of applied voltage. In particular, in this study, we focused on the discharge luminescence in each phase angle area. The luminous image was recorded on a CCD camera, and the image was digitized by a computer after the experiment.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129217777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573
Ziyu Zhao, Hengkun Xie, Zongren Peng
Surface pollution is one of the contributing factors of insulator flashovers at rated voltage. Therefore in order to prevent transmission line insulators from experiencing flashover, it is very important to investigate the leakage current monitoring system to assess the pollution severity of insulators. In this paper, a newly developed leakage current monitoring system with a microcomputer-controlled device for voltage application duration control and data acquisition recording is presented. By using this new monitoring system, the conductivity of the pollution layer and the leakage current on the insulator surface can be monitored continually, hence the pollution severity can be displayed, and when pollution severity is in excess of predetermined criterion a warning signal will be released. The design consideration for the new system and the criteria of assessing pollution severity are discussed, and some on-site test results are also given in this paper.
{"title":"A newly developed leakage current monitoring system for the assessment of insulator pollution severity","authors":"Ziyu Zhao, Hengkun Xie, Zongren Peng","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496573","url":null,"abstract":"Surface pollution is one of the contributing factors of insulator flashovers at rated voltage. Therefore in order to prevent transmission line insulators from experiencing flashover, it is very important to investigate the leakage current monitoring system to assess the pollution severity of insulators. In this paper, a newly developed leakage current monitoring system with a microcomputer-controlled device for voltage application duration control and data acquisition recording is presented. By using this new monitoring system, the conductivity of the pollution layer and the leakage current on the insulator surface can be monitored continually, hence the pollution severity can be displayed, and when pollution severity is in excess of predetermined criterion a warning signal will be released. The design consideration for the new system and the criteria of assessing pollution severity are discussed, and some on-site test results are also given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538
H. Deng, R. Hackam, E. Cherney
Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water filming on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequent flashover. The hydrophobicity is maintained even after a layer of contamination has built-up on the surface. This has been attributed to the diffusion of the low molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid from the bulk to the surface of the RTV and then on to the surface of the pollution deposits. It has been reported that there was a reduction in the quantity of LMW polymer chains on the surface of an aged RTV specimen when compared to a virgin specimen. This paper explores some of the factors governing the lifetime of the RTV coating. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler and various formulations were used. The content of LMW silicone fluid and the diffusion of LMW from the bulk to the surface were determined in RTV coatings having thicknesses from 0.17 to 0.99 mm, ATH particles from 1.0 to 75 /spl mu/m and different carrier solvents, by using extraction techniques in analytical hexane. The roles of the LMW content and the diffusion process in the lifetime of the coating were evaluated for different formulations of RTV.
室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)已被广泛用于涂覆瓷绝缘子，以提供拒水性，防止表面形成水膜，从而抑制泄漏电流和由此产生的闪络。即使在表面积聚了一层污染物后，疏水性仍能保持。这是由于低分子量(LMW)硅酮流体从本体扩散到RTV表面，然后扩散到污染沉积物的表面。据报道，与原始样品相比，老化RTV样品表面上的LMW聚合物链的数量有所减少。本文探讨了影响RTV涂层寿命的一些因素。采用了三水合氧化铝(ATH)填料和各种配方。采用分析己烷萃取技术，在厚度为0.17 ~ 0.99 mm、ATH颗粒为1.0 ~ 75 μ l /m的RTV涂层和不同载体溶剂中，测定了LMW硅酮液的含量和LMW从体向表面的扩散。研究了不同RTV配方中LMW含量和扩散过程对涂层寿命的影响。
{"title":"Low molecular weight silicone fluid content and diffusion in RTV silicone rubber coating","authors":"H. Deng, R. Hackam, E. Cherney","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496538","url":null,"abstract":"Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water filming on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequent flashover. The hydrophobicity is maintained even after a layer of contamination has built-up on the surface. This has been attributed to the diffusion of the low molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid from the bulk to the surface of the RTV and then on to the surface of the pollution deposits. It has been reported that there was a reduction in the quantity of LMW polymer chains on the surface of an aged RTV specimen when compared to a virgin specimen. This paper explores some of the factors governing the lifetime of the RTV coating. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler and various formulations were used. The content of LMW silicone fluid and the diffusion of LMW from the bulk to the surface were determined in RTV coatings having thicknesses from 0.17 to 0.99 mm, ATH particles from 1.0 to 75 /spl mu/m and different carrier solvents, by using extraction techniques in analytical hexane. The roles of the LMW content and the diffusion process in the lifetime of the coating were evaluated for different formulations of RTV.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604
Suwarno, Y. Suzuoki, T. Mizutani, K. Uchida
Properties of partial discharges associated with electrical treeing are briefly explained and a model is proposed. Based on the proposed model, a computer simulation was carried out by using the Monte Carlo method. It was deduced from the simulation that the tree channel length and its distribution determine the PD pattern. The PD patterns of tree initiation and tree-like trees were obtained from short and long channels with a broad distribution, respectively. Those from the bush-like trees were obtained from long channels with a narrow distribution.
{"title":"A model for electrical treeing discharges in polyethylene","authors":"Suwarno, Y. Suzuoki, T. Mizutani, K. Uchida","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496604","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of partial discharges associated with electrical treeing are briefly explained and a model is proposed. Based on the proposed model, a computer simulation was carried out by using the Monte Carlo method. It was deduced from the simulation that the tree channel length and its distribution determine the PD pattern. The PD patterns of tree initiation and tree-like trees were obtained from short and long channels with a broad distribution, respectively. Those from the bush-like trees were obtained from long channels with a narrow distribution.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"522 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534
Yuan Changmin, N. Yoshimura, Lim， Jangseob, H. Miyata, T. Niwa
An experimental investigation has been carried out for evaluating the treeing deterioration characteristics of composite materials by preparing an interface between cross-linked polyethylene and epoxy resin (XLPE/EX). The results under various interface conditions are described in this paper. It is found that the interface has a great effect on the treeing breakdown pattern and on the time to breakdown under various interface conditions.
{"title":"Interface effect on treeing deterioration in XLPE/EX composite materials","authors":"Yuan Changmin, N. Yoshimura, Lim， Jangseob, H. Miyata, T. Niwa","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496534","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation has been carried out for evaluating the treeing deterioration characteristics of composite materials by preparing an interface between cross-linked polyethylene and epoxy resin (XLPE/EX). The results under various interface conditions are described in this paper. It is found that the interface has a great effect on the treeing breakdown pattern and on the time to breakdown under various interface conditions.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496595
K. Suh, Kyung Won Lee, Mikyung Lee
This work was carried out to elucidate the role of small polyethylene chains in the space charge behavior of LDPE. The samples were xylene extracted at different temperatures to control the concentration of small chains. Their conduction and charge distributions were measured and the role of small chains discussed. It was found that the type of charge depended on the type of polyethylene, solvent extraction may reduce the charge in some (but not all) polyethylenes, and solvent extraction reduces conduction currents but does not affect the conduction mechanism.
{"title":"Effects of solvent extraction on electrical properties of LDPE","authors":"K. Suh, Kyung Won Lee, Mikyung Lee","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496595","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out to elucidate the role of small polyethylene chains in the space charge behavior of LDPE. The samples were xylene extracted at different temperatures to control the concentration of small chains. Their conduction and charge distributions were measured and the role of small chains discussed. It was found that the type of charge depended on the type of polyethylene, solvent extraction may reduce the charge in some (but not all) polyethylenes, and solvent extraction reduces conduction currents but does not affect the conduction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496599
T. Takeda, N. Hozumi, H. Suzuki, T. Okamoto, K. Watanabe, A. Watanabe, H. Miyata
Non-uniform distribution of acetophenone was simulated by impregnating acetophenone into low density polyethylene (LDPE). Space charge evolution under DC high voltage was then measured by the pulse electroacoustic method. An independent peak appeared in the vicinity of the acetophenone impregnated electrode, the polarity of the peak being the same as the electrode. FT-IR measurement showed a significant gradient in the acetophenone content in the insulation.
{"title":"Space charge evolution in acetophenone impregnated LDPE sheets","authors":"T. Takeda, N. Hozumi, H. Suzuki, T. Okamoto, K. Watanabe, A. Watanabe, H. Miyata","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496599","url":null,"abstract":"Non-uniform distribution of acetophenone was simulated by impregnating acetophenone into low density polyethylene (LDPE). Space charge evolution under DC high voltage was then measured by the pulse electroacoustic method. An independent peak appeared in the vicinity of the acetophenone impregnated electrode, the polarity of the peak being the same as the electrode. FT-IR measurement showed a significant gradient in the acetophenone content in the insulation.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116754293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-17DOI: 10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546
J. Kapler, G. Stone, H. Sedding
Many hundreds of partial discharge test results on about 100 operating motors and generators have been reviewed. In the majority of results, the position of the partial discharges with respect to the 600 Hz phase angle was as expected from conventional partial discharge theory, as well as laboratory experiments. However, perhaps 25490 of the PPA plots were "abnormal" in some way. Yet these patterns are real, and are not due to noise, nor are they artifacts of the measurement system. Researchers developing pattern recognition techniques for PD pulses should be aware that patterns from operating high voltage equipment may be much more complex than the patterns obtained in laboratory apparatus.
{"title":"Partial discharge pulse phase patterns on operating motors and generators","authors":"J. Kapler, G. Stone, H. Sedding","doi":"10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEIM.1995.496546","url":null,"abstract":"Many hundreds of partial discharge test results on about 100 operating motors and generators have been reviewed. In the majority of results, the position of the partial discharges with respect to the 600 Hz phase angle was as expected from conventional partial discharge theory, as well as laboratory experiments. However, perhaps 25490 of the PPA plots were \"abnormal\" in some way. Yet these patterns are real, and are not due to noise, nor are they artifacts of the measurement system. Researchers developing pattern recognition techniques for PD pulses should be aware that patterns from operating high voltage equipment may be much more complex than the patterns obtained in laboratory apparatus.","PeriodicalId":130178,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1995 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124087785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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