The quantum confinement of strongly correlated electrons in artificial structures has heralded the possibility of creating the novel quantum materials with extraordinary physical properties. By optimally combining sophisticated oxide growth techniques and advanced analysis techniques using synchrotron radiation, we have designed and controlled the novel quantum phenomena emerging in oxide artificial structures. The observed metallic quantum-well states in digitally controlled ultrathin films of strongly correlated oxide SrVO3 exhibit characteristic features reflecting their strongly correlated nature. Furthermore, the structural controllability of the quantum-well structures enables us to investigate how the electronic structure changes as a function of dimensionality. The present study demonstrates that the quantum-well structure of strongly correlated oxides will provide a new strategy for both investigating the behavior of correlated electrons under varying interactions among their spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom and for manipulating novel quantum phenomena in reduced dimensions.
{"title":"Novel Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid States in Quantum Well Structures of Strongly Correlated Oxides","authors":"H. Kumigashira","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.596","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum confinement of strongly correlated electrons in artificial structures has heralded the possibility of creating the novel quantum materials with extraordinary physical properties. By optimally combining sophisticated oxide growth techniques and advanced analysis techniques using synchrotron radiation, we have designed and controlled the novel quantum phenomena emerging in oxide artificial structures. The observed metallic quantum-well states in digitally controlled ultrathin films of strongly correlated oxide SrVO3 exhibit characteristic features reflecting their strongly correlated nature. Furthermore, the structural controllability of the quantum-well structures enables us to investigate how the electronic structure changes as a function of dimensionality. The present study demonstrates that the quantum-well structure of strongly correlated oxides will provide a new strategy for both investigating the behavior of correlated electrons under varying interactions among their spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom and for manipulating novel quantum phenomena in reduced dimensions.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"30 1","pages":"596-601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74245662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nakajima, Shunto Nakanishi, M. Lísal, K. Kimura
Elemental depth profiles of typical ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide ([CnC1Im][Tf2N], n=2, 6, 10), were measured using high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (HRBS) and high-resolution elastic recoil detection analysis. The obtained depth profiles deviate from the uniform stoichiometric composition in the surface region, showing preferential orientations of ions at the surface. The results were well reproduced by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, demonstrating that the state-of-the-art MD simulations are a reliable method to study surface structures of ILs. The surface structures of 11 equimolar mixtures were also studied using HRBS. A general tendency that larger IL is enriched at the surface was found.
{"title":"Surface Structure of Ionic Liquids Using High-Resolution RBS","authors":"K. Nakajima, Shunto Nakanishi, M. Lísal, K. Kimura","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.170","url":null,"abstract":"Elemental depth profiles of typical ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide ([CnC1Im][Tf2N], n=2, 6, 10), were measured using high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (HRBS) and high-resolution elastic recoil detection analysis. The obtained depth profiles deviate from the uniform stoichiometric composition in the surface region, showing preferential orientations of ions at the surface. The results were well reproduced by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, demonstrating that the state-of-the-art MD simulations are a reliable method to study surface structures of ILs. The surface structures of 11 equimolar mixtures were also studied using HRBS. A general tendency that larger IL is enriched at the surface was found.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"86 1","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85580726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In friction areas, many complex phenomena occur which involve the formation of the hydrodynamic fluid film, direct contacts between sliding surfaces leading to wear and crack initiation, and adsorption and desorption and chemical reaction of additives contained in oil to the surfaces. In-situ observation has been conducted by using a transparent material as one side of the surfaces for a better understanding of complex phenomena occurring in the friction area. This paper introduces an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) observation system for the friction area that authors developed in recently. The developed XRD observation system succeeds in detecting simultaneously the XRD ring, visible image, and near infrared image of the friction area between a rotating sapphire ring and a steel pin at 30 times per second. Information obtained by the developed in-situ observation system appears to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of the surface occurring in the friction area.
{"title":"In-situ Synchrotron XRD Observation System for Metal Friction Surface","authors":"K. Yagi","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.129","url":null,"abstract":"In friction areas, many complex phenomena occur which involve the formation of the hydrodynamic fluid film, direct contacts between sliding surfaces leading to wear and crack initiation, and adsorption and desorption and chemical reaction of additives contained in oil to the surfaces. In-situ observation has been conducted by using a transparent material as one side of the surfaces for a better understanding of complex phenomena occurring in the friction area. This paper introduces an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) observation system for the friction area that authors developed in recently. The developed XRD observation system succeeds in detecting simultaneously the XRD ring, visible image, and near infrared image of the friction area between a rotating sapphire ring and a steel pin at 30 times per second. Information obtained by the developed in-situ observation system appears to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of the surface occurring in the friction area.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"155 1","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structures and Electrochemical Properties at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Lithium Ion Batteries","authors":"M. Hirayama","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"81 1","pages":"626-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82307555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report on the Joint Seminar of the Vacuum Society of Japan (VSJ) and the Surface Science Society of Japan (SSSJ) in Kansai Branch, 2017","authors":"K. Moritani","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"33 1","pages":"583-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86318020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bonding of metal electrode and insulator hybrid interfaces is one of key techniques in 3D integration technology. As the surface activated bonding (SAB) is carried out at room temperature, the method is expected to be suitable for hybrid bonding. The metal materials such as Cu or Al are easy to directly bond using the SAB method, but insulator materials such as SiO2 or SiN are difficult. In this report, we propose a new bonding technique for SiO2/SiO2 bonding at room temperature using only Si ultra-thin films. We confirmed that the surface energy was about 1 J/m, which is almost the same value of Si/Si bonding prepared at room temperature by SAB. Moreover, we examined the bonding of Cu/Cu by the SAB method, and we confirmed that no micro-voids were observed at the bonding interface.
{"title":"Room Temperature Wafer Bonding by Surface Activated Method","authors":"J. Utsumi, K. Ide, Y. Ichiyanagi","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.72","url":null,"abstract":"The bonding of metal electrode and insulator hybrid interfaces is one of key techniques in 3D integration technology. As the surface activated bonding (SAB) is carried out at room temperature, the method is expected to be suitable for hybrid bonding. The metal materials such as Cu or Al are easy to directly bond using the SAB method, but insulator materials such as SiO2 or SiN are difficult. In this report, we propose a new bonding technique for SiO2/SiO2 bonding at room temperature using only Si ultra-thin films. We confirmed that the surface energy was about 1 J/m, which is almost the same value of Si/Si bonding prepared at room temperature by SAB. Moreover, we examined the bonding of Cu/Cu by the SAB method, and we confirmed that no micro-voids were observed at the bonding interface.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"87 1","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78271519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanometer-sized alloys composed of more than one element, namely nanoalloys, exhibit unique properties, which depend on their compositions and elemental distributions. In this paper, the author focuses on a simultaneous reduction of metal ions in a liquid phase to produce well mixed solid-solution nanoalloys. For the efficient production of ordered type nanoalloys where constituting elements are regularly arranged in a lattice, a thermal treatment of nanoalloys in a hydrogen atmosphere (TTH) is introduced. An applicability range of the TTH is quantitatively discussed based on a structural transformation rate determined by time-dependent XRD measurements for nanoalloys using a synchrotron diffraction technique. Finally, the author shows novel applications of prepared nanoalloys to catalytic reactions which contribute to reduction of CO 2 emission in chemical processes.
{"title":"Structural Control of Inorganic Nanoparticles for the Creation of Their Novel Functions","authors":"M. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.24","url":null,"abstract":"Nanometer-sized alloys composed of more than one element, namely nanoalloys, exhibit unique properties, which depend on their compositions and elemental distributions. In this paper, the author focuses on a simultaneous reduction of metal ions in a liquid phase to produce well mixed solid-solution nanoalloys. For the efficient production of ordered type nanoalloys where constituting elements are regularly arranged in a lattice, a thermal treatment of nanoalloys in a hydrogen atmosphere (TTH) is introduced. An applicability range of the TTH is quantitatively discussed based on a structural transformation rate determined by time-dependent XRD measurements for nanoalloys using a synchrotron diffraction technique. Finally, the author shows novel applications of prepared nanoalloys to catalytic reactions which contribute to reduction of CO 2 emission in chemical processes.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"13 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce a state-of-the-art patterning process developed by new patterning technology using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) towards 5/7 nm generation. In the patterning process, critical dimension (CD) shrink technique without CD loading is one of the key requirements. However, in the conventional CD shrink technique, CD loading can’t be solved in principle. To overcome this issue, by integrating ALD process into the etching flow, we developed a new CD shrink technique without causing CD loading. Furthermore, CD shrink amount can be precisely controlled by the number of ALD cycles while keeping the excellent CD shrink uniformity across a wafer. This is obtained by utilizing a conformal layer with characteristics of ALD’s self-limiting reaction, which is independent of the pattern variety.
{"title":"New Patterning Technology by Integrating Atomic Layer Deposition Process to the Etching Flow","authors":"T. Katsunuma, T. Hisamatsu, Y. Kihara, M. Honda","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.210","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a state-of-the-art patterning process developed by new patterning technology using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) towards 5/7 nm generation. In the patterning process, critical dimension (CD) shrink technique without CD loading is one of the key requirements. However, in the conventional CD shrink technique, CD loading can’t be solved in principle. To overcome this issue, by integrating ALD process into the etching flow, we developed a new CD shrink technique without causing CD loading. Furthermore, CD shrink amount can be precisely controlled by the number of ALD cycles while keeping the excellent CD shrink uniformity across a wafer. This is obtained by utilizing a conformal layer with characteristics of ALD’s self-limiting reaction, which is independent of the pattern variety.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"31 1","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81396006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, solar fuel or chemical production based on the photoreduction or fixation of CO2, the so-called “artificial photosynthesis” has received considerable attention. Thus, the development of an effective catalyst for the conversion of CO2 to useful organic molecules is desirable. Biocatalysts for CO2 reduction and conversion are useful catalyst for the artificial photosynthesis system. In this review, two types of artificial photosynthesis systems for CO2 reduction and conversion consisting of the visible-light sensitizer and biocatalyst are introduced. One is the artificial photosynthesis with visible-light sensitizer and biocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction to formic acid or methanol. The other one is the artificial photosynthesis with visible-light sensitizer, and novel electron carrier molecule and biocatalyst for the carbon-carbon bond formation from CO2 as a feedstock.
{"title":"Artificial Photosynthesis for Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Conversion","authors":"Y. Amao","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.297","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, solar fuel or chemical production based on the photoreduction or fixation of CO2, the so-called “artificial photosynthesis” has received considerable attention. Thus, the development of an effective catalyst for the conversion of CO2 to useful organic molecules is desirable. Biocatalysts for CO2 reduction and conversion are useful catalyst for the artificial photosynthesis system. In this review, two types of artificial photosynthesis systems for CO2 reduction and conversion consisting of the visible-light sensitizer and biocatalyst are introduced. One is the artificial photosynthesis with visible-light sensitizer and biocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction to formic acid or methanol. The other one is the artificial photosynthesis with visible-light sensitizer, and novel electron carrier molecule and biocatalyst for the carbon-carbon bond formation from CO2 as a feedstock.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"81 1","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82446764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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