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Operator Perspective: How to Choose between the RIS and Full/Half-Duplex Relay 操作员视角:如何在RIS和全/半双工中继之间进行选择
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211119
Yuetian Zhou, Fang Nan, Lei Gao
A potential 6G technology called Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) uses meta-surface to reflect the signal to the user. The usage of RIS as a passive full-duplex relay to support wireless communication is a strong one because of its distinctive qualities of low cost, low energy consumption, excellent reliability, and big capacity. At the same time, the related technology active full-duplex relay which evolves from traditional half-duplex relay is also a candidate 6G technology. Both RIS and full/half-duplex relay is a node between source and destination to improve the performance of system, so how to choose between them? In this study, we examine the two technologies' performance from the viewpoint of the operators. In order to make the comparison fair, an evaluated model is proposed, and we get the closed expression of achieved rates for RIS and active relay to provide a deterministic calculation for the comparison. The results show that both RIS and full-duplex active relay are effective for the performance improvement, which of the two has the higher achieved rates is determined by the element number of RIS and the self-interference suppression of full-duplex relay.
一种潜在的6G技术称为可重构智能表面(RIS),它使用元表面将信号反射给用户。RIS作为无源全双工中继支持无线通信,具有成本低、能耗低、可靠性好、容量大等特点。同时,由传统半双工中继演变而来的有源全双工中继相关技术也是6G的候选技术。RIS和全/半双工中继都是提高系统性能的源和目的之间的节点,那么如何在它们之间进行选择呢?在本研究中,我们从运营商的角度来考察这两种技术的性能。为了使比较公平,提出了一种评估模型,得到了RIS和有源继电器的完成率的封闭表达式,为比较提供了确定性计算。结果表明,RIS和全双工有源中继都能有效提高系统的性能,RIS的单元数和全双工中继的自干扰抑制能力决定了哪一种有源中继的实现速率更高。
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引用次数: 0
A Rapid Digital Estimation Model For Material in Industrial Construction 工业建筑材料快速数字化估算模型
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211563
Dong Zhao, Hong Gao, Jianbin Niu
In this paper, a rapid calculation model of steel quantity for industrial construction projects is established and programmed and implemented, and the calculation results can meet the accuracy requirements of investment estimation, which lays a solid foundation for the implementation of the overall system. In the case of limited design input conditions in the decision-making stage of industrial construction project projects, how to accurately predict the investment cost of civil construction projects and form a civil construction cost estimation model and estimation system are the key technologies to be studied. In this paper, the construction of a rapid estimation model for steel reinforcement volume is carried out in two ways to form a rapid estimation model for steel reinforcement volume of industrial construction projects.
本文建立了工业建设项目用钢量的快速计算模型,并进行了编程实施,计算结果能够满足投资估算的精度要求,为整个系统的实施奠定了坚实的基础。在工业建设项目决策阶段设计投入条件有限的情况下,如何准确预测民用建筑项目的投资成本,形成民用建筑造价估算模型和估算体系是需要研究的关键技术。本文通过两种方式进行钢筋量快速估算模型的构建,形成工业建设项目钢筋量快速估算模型。
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引用次数: 0
Radar-aided Beam Prediction based on SqueezeNet Network 基于SqueezeNet网络的雷达辅助波束预测
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211232
Congzhen Hu, Jianxiao Xie
In this paper, a new radar-assisted beam prediction method is proposed based on SqueezeNet model for millimeter wave system. We use a large real data set to test our proposed radar aided optimal beam prediction model, DeepSense6G, which includes millimeter-wave beam training and radar measurement. In the test results section of this paper, we can see that our model has achieved a good balance between prediction accuracy and model complexity. In addition, the prediction accuracy of the first five beams of the proposed model can reach about 94%, and at the same time, it saves a lot of beam training overhead.
提出了一种基于SqueezeNet模型的毫米波系统雷达辅助波束预测方法。我们使用大量真实数据集来测试我们提出的雷达辅助最优波束预测模型DeepSense6G,其中包括毫米波波束训练和雷达测量。在本文的测试结果部分,我们可以看到我们的模型在预测精度和模型复杂性之间取得了很好的平衡。此外,该模型对前5个波束的预测精度可达到94%左右,同时节省了大量的波束训练开销。
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引用次数: 0
Research on key technologies of audiovisual media microservices and industry applications 视听媒体微服务关键技术及行业应用研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211151
Tao Jia, Xiangdong Deng, Peng Shang
With the continuous development of media convergence, in order to solve the problem that traditional technical architecture and business architecture are not suitable for new services, this paper proposes a media microservice architecture (MMA) and cloud-native microservice key technologies, and plans seven business domains suitable for audiovisual media. Through MMA, media organizations can improve deployment and iteration efficiency, reduce costs and increase efficiency, optimize media production processes, and expand converged media coverage. MMA has been applied in audiovisual organizations such as Hunan broadcasting system, iQiyi, and Mango TV in China.
随着媒体融合的不断发展,为解决传统技术架构和业务架构不适合新业务的问题,本文提出了媒体微服务架构(MMA)和云原生微服务关键技术,规划了适合视听媒体的七个业务领域。通过MMA,媒体机构可以提高部署和迭代效率,降低成本和提高效率,优化媒体制作流程,扩大融合媒体覆盖范围。综合格斗已经在中国的湖南广电、爱奇艺、芒果TV等视听机构得到了应用。
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引用次数: 0
A Low Complexity ML-Assisted Multi-knapsack-based Approach for User Association and Resource Allocation in 5G HetNets 基于低复杂度ml辅助的5G HetNets用户关联与资源分配方法
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211332
Bharat Agarwal, Mohammed Amine Togou, M. Ruffini, Gabriel-Miro Muntean
Small cells are being deployed in the most recent Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) environments, which are supported by 5th-generation (5G) network solutions. They improve the performance of conventional macro-cell networks. Before data transmission in HetNets begins, a process of user association (UA) with a particular base station (BS) is triggered. Diverse resource allocation (RA) algorithms are also used during data transmission. Enhancing network load balancing, spectrum performance, and energy efficiency are all important goals that UA-RA solutions help to achieve. The authors of this paper previously presented a meta-heuristics algorithm for solving UA-RA problems in HetNets known as Performance-Improved Reduced Search Space Simulated Annealing (PIRS3A). Still, PIRS3A is only suitable for scenarios with low number of users as its complexity increases with the increase in the number of users. In this paper, we enhance the PIRS3A to support a large number of users by using Machine Learning (ML). We propose the Enhanced PIRS3A (EPIRS3A) which uses supervised ML techniques to classify users into two separate classes, i.e., users who need offloading and users who do not. PIRS3A will be used to solve the UA-RA problem for those users who need offloading in order to improve the quality of their services.
小型蜂窝正在部署在最新的异构网络(HetNet)环境中,这些环境由第五代(5G)网络解决方案支持。它们提高了传统宏细胞网络的性能。在HetNets开始数据传输之前,会触发与特定基站的UA (user association)过程。数据传输过程中还采用了多种资源分配算法。增强网络负载均衡、频谱性能和能源效率都是UA-RA解决方案帮助实现的重要目标。本文的作者先前提出了一种用于解决HetNets中UA-RA问题的元启发式算法,称为性能改进的简化搜索空间模拟退火(PIRS3A)。但是,PIRS3A只适用于用户数量较少的场景,因为它的复杂度会随着用户数量的增加而增加。在本文中,我们通过使用机器学习(ML)来增强PIRS3A以支持大量用户。我们提出了增强的PIRS3A (EPIRS3A),它使用有监督的ML技术将用户分为两类,即需要卸载的用户和不需要卸载的用户。PIRS3A将用于为那些需要卸载以提高服务质量的用户解决UA-RA问题。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of LTE-based 5G Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems for Mobile Reception Based on Average Mutual Information Analysis 基于平均互信息分析的基于lte的5G地面广播系统移动接收评估
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211111
Zhitong He, Kewu Peng, Boran Sun, Dmitry A. Tkachenko, Eugene A. Popov, S. Makarov, Jian Song
LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast, which is standardized in 3GPP Rel-14 and Rel-16, is one of the two technical evolutional-routes of 5G broadcast. In physical layer, the mobile reception performance loss of LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast majorly stems from numerology, coded modulation, interleave depth and channel estimation. Among these factors, interleave depth directly affects the mobile reception performance at different speeds, and low-speed mobile reception puts forward higher requirements of interleave depth. In this paper, the typical configuration of LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast is selected, and how interleave depth influences the mobile reception performance is revealed based on the analysis of average mutual information (AMI) probability density distribution and outage probability over small-scale Rayleigh fading channels. The analysis results show that the mobile reception performance could be significantly improved by appropriately increasing the interleave depth. Hence increasing interleave depth could be considered for the evolution of LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast towards the next generation mobile broadcast systems.
基于lte的5G地面广播是5G广播的两条技术演进路线之一,在3GPP Rel-14和Rel-16中进行了标准化。在物理层,基于lte的5G地面广播的移动接收性能损失主要来自数字学、编码调制、交错深度和信道估计。其中,交错深度直接影响不同速度下的移动接收性能,低速移动接收对交错深度提出了更高的要求。本文选择了基于lte的5G地面广播的典型配置,通过分析小规模瑞利衰落信道的平均互信息(AMI)概率密度分布和中断概率,揭示了交错深度对移动接收性能的影响。分析结果表明,适当增加交错深度可显著提高移动接收性能。因此,可以考虑增加交错深度,以实现基于lte的5G地面广播向下一代移动广播系统的演进。
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引用次数: 2
An Enhanced Video Compression Framework based on Rescaling Networks 一种基于网络缩放的增强视频压缩框架
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211137
Zhiyu Chen, L. Chen
Recently, enhanced video compression frameworks compatible with traditional standard codecs have achieved competitive performance especially in low-bandwidth scenarios, among which the downsampling-based preprocessing networks and super-resolution based postprocessing networks are commonly applied. Surrogate networks are further employed as the replacement of non-differentiable standard codecs during training. However, the discard of minor information such as high frequency spatial textures in the process of downsampling restricts the reconstruction quality. Moreover, existing surrogate networks merely imitate the intra-frame coding structure of standard codecs without leveraging inter-frame relations. In this paper, we propose a rescaling-based enhanced video compression framework. The main video stream preserves critical spatial structures and complete temporal information, while another lightweight segment-specific enhancement stream transmitted to the decoder side is extracted and encoded from the key frame of a video segment. The high-frequency spatial information contained in the enhancement stream is further transferred to the whole segment with the guide of decoded LR frames via a Transformer-based Reconstruction Network (TRN), thus enhancing the reconstruction quality at the expense of a small bit cost. Besides, we employ a Virtual Codec Network (VCN) during training for gradients back-propagation, which is able to imitate both inter-frame and intra-frame coding characteristics of standard codecs. Experimental results indicate the superiority of the proposed approach compared with recent downsampling-based enhanced standard compatible frameworks.
近年来,与传统标准编解码器兼容的增强型视频压缩框架在低带宽场景下取得了较好的性能,其中常用的是基于下采样的预处理网络和基于超分辨率的后处理网络。在训练过程中,替代网络被进一步用作不可微标准编解码器的替代。但是,下采样过程中高频空间纹理等次要信息的丢弃限制了重建质量。此外,现有的替代网络只是模仿标准编解码器的帧内编码结构,而没有利用帧间关系。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于重缩放的增强视频压缩框架。主视频流保留关键的空间结构和完整的时间信息,而传输到解码器端的另一个轻量级片段特定增强流从视频片段的关键帧中提取和编码。增强流中包含的高频空间信息通过基于变压器的重构网络(TRN)在解码后的LR帧的引导下进一步传输到整个段,从而以较小的比特代价提高了重构质量。此外,我们在梯度反向传播训练中使用虚拟编解码器网络(Virtual Codec Network, VCN),它能够模拟标准编解码器的帧间和帧内编码特性。实验结果表明,与目前基于下采样的增强标准兼容框架相比,该方法具有优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Modification of Fading Channel Models for Terrestrial SFN Environments 地面SFN环境下衰落信道模型的自适应修正
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/bmsb58369.2023.10211545
Sungjin Ahn, Seok-Ki Ahn, Sung-Ik Park, Jeongchang Kim, S. Jeon, Mats Ek, Sesh Simha, M. Aitken, Anindya Saha, Prashant M. Maru, Parag Naik, Joonhyuk Kang
This paper introduces a model modification procedure to adapt single-frequency network (SFN) channel models to the receiver directivity. The presented work is a sequel of [1], extending the modeling framework in a parametrically adjustable form. Behind this extension, it is remarked that channel fading in SFNs can be realized differently if the receiver changes antenna beam pattern or orientation. To reflect this aspect, the proposed method recalculates the channel response gain of each signal incidence as dependent on the network’s geometric layout and antenna directivity figure. By virtue of this reconfiguration ability, measurement-driven SFN channel models acquire an extra capability of more realistic simulations on various transmission scenarios. The existing channel characterization and modeling results would accordingly become more versatile, possibly beyond digital television use cases. For explicit demonstration, we present a modification example of S3-Extended model.
本文介绍了一种模型修正方法,使单频网络(SFN)信道模型适应接收机的指向性。所提出的工作是[1]的续集,以参数可调的形式扩展建模框架。在这种扩展的背后,我们注意到,如果接收器改变天线波束方向或方向,SFNs中的信道衰落可以以不同的方式实现。为了反映这一点,该方法根据网络的几何布局和天线指向性图重新计算每个信号入射的信道响应增益。由于这种重构能力,测量驱动的SFN信道模型获得了在各种传输场景下更真实模拟的额外能力。现有的频道表征和建模结果将因此变得更加通用,可能超出数字电视用例。为了更明确地演示,我们给出了一个s3 -扩展模型的修正实例。
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引用次数: 0
Condensation Symbol-Level MIMO Precoding for Non-Uniform Constellation in ITCN ITCN中非均匀星座的缩合符号级MIMO预编码
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211209
Fan Hong, Hanjiang Hong, Yin Xu, Liangyuan Zhao, Yi-Yan Wu, Xiaowu Ou, Dazhi He, Wenjun Zhang
Wireless backhaul and inter-tower communications networks (ITCN) were previously proposed as crucial enabling technologies for the next generation of digital broadcasting systems, e.g., the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 system. It is desirable to consider using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) for service delivery in ITCN to achieve better bandwidth efficiency. In ITCN, the transmitter can obtain channel states information (CSI), which could be applied in MIMO precoding. For the first time, this paper introduces the symbol-level precoding (SLP) scheme, which uses CSI and data symbols to precode to ATSC 3.0. Meanwhile, an enhanced SLP method for condensed non-uniform constellation (NUC) in modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) with a low code rate (CR) is proposed. Simulation results of the 64-NUC show that the proposed scheme performs better than Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Zero-forcing (ZF), and ATSC 3.0 MIMO precoding.
无线回程和塔间通信网络(ITCN)先前被提议作为下一代数字广播系统(例如先进电视系统委员会(ATSC) 3.0系统)的关键使能技术。为了获得更好的带宽效率,在ITCN中可以考虑使用多输入多输出(MIMO)进行业务交付。在ITCN中,发送端可以获取信道状态信息(CSI),该信息可用于MIMO预编码。本文首次介绍了符号级预编码(SLP)方案,该方案利用CSI和数据符号对ATSC 3.0进行预编码。同时,提出了一种针对低码率调制编码方案(MCSs)中凝聚非均匀星座(NUC)的增强SLP方法。64-NUC的仿真结果表明,该方案优于最小均方误差(MMSE)、零强制(ZF)和ATSC 3.0 MIMO预编码。
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引用次数: 0
Quality of Experience Assessment for Free-viewpoint Video 免费视点视频的体验质量评估
Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/BMSB58369.2023.10211612
Rongli Jia, Yuhong Zhang, Jun Xu, Wenjun Zhang, Li Song, Lin Li, Yanan Feng
The evaluation of free-viewpoint video (FVV) quality is essential for improving the quality of experience (QoE). Prior deep video quality assessment (VQA) approaches for FVV typically focused on either spatial or temporal distortions and lacked a comprehensive assessment considering the two aspects. In this paper, we provide an end-to-end no-reference video quality assessment (NRVQA) model for FVV that predicts video quality scores based on both spatial and temporal features. It consists of a spatial feature perception module, a temporal motion feature perception module and a quality score fusion module. In order to provide a quality score that is highly relevant to the mean opinion score (MOS) from the subjective quality assessment experiment, the quality-related features in the spatial and temporal domains of FVV are effectively utilized and merged. Experimental results show that the PLCC and SRCC improved by 25.0% and 18.5%, respectively, compared to state-of-the-art method. Moreover, the ablation experiments demonstrate the importance of both spatial features and temporal motion features.
自由视点视频(FVV)质量评价是提高视频体验质量的关键。以往的深度视频质量评估(VQA)方法通常侧重于空间或时间畸变,缺乏考虑这两个方面的综合评估。在本文中,我们为FVV提供了一个端到端的无参考视频质量评估(NRVQA)模型,该模型基于空间和时间特征预测视频质量分数。它由空间特征感知模块、时间运动特征感知模块和质量分数融合模块组成。为了提供与主观质量评价实验的平均意见分数(MOS)高度相关的质量分数,有效地利用和融合了FVV在空间和时间域的质量相关特征。实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,PLCC和SRCC分别提高了25.0%和18.5%。此外,烧蚀实验证明了空间特征和时间运动特征的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE international Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting
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