Peritumoral microvessels at the boundary of invasive cancer tissues were obtained from 602 patients using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) according to their relative spatial distribution between microvessels, tumor nests and collagen fibers. Microvessel density score (MVD-score) for each patient was obtained based on MPM images, and the prognostic value of peritumoral MVD was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The results showed that MVD-score was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with invasive breast cancer. By analyzing the clinical model (combined clinical independent factors), MVD model and nomogram model (combined MVD-score with clinical independent factors), we found that MVD model could achieve better prognostic predictive effects than each individual clinical independent prognostic factor, and achieve a prognostic value similar to that of the clinical model. In addition, the nomogram model improved the prognostic value of the clinical model after adding MVD-score.
{"title":"Prognostic Value of Microvessel Density at the Boundary of Invasive Breast Cancer Patients Based on Multiphoton Microscopy","authors":"Liqin Zheng;Jianping Huang;Deyong Kang;Xi Chen;Zhen Lu;Jiajia He;Gangqin Xi;Zhijun Li;Xiahui Han;Lianhuang Li;Jianhua Chen;Chuan Wang;Zhonghua Han;Jianxin Chen;Wenhui Guo;Na Fang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3639064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3639064","url":null,"abstract":"Peritumoral microvessels at the boundary of invasive cancer tissues were obtained from 602 patients using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) according to their relative spatial distribution between microvessels, tumor nests and collagen fibers. Microvessel density score (MVD-score) for each patient was obtained based on MPM images, and the prognostic value of peritumoral MVD was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The results showed that MVD-score was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with invasive breast cancer. By analyzing the clinical model (combined clinical independent factors), MVD model and nomogram model (combined MVD-score with clinical independent factors), we found that MVD model could achieve better prognostic predictive effects than each individual clinical independent prognostic factor, and achieve a prognostic value similar to that of the clinical model. In addition, the nomogram model improved the prognostic value of the clinical model after adding MVD-score.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638815
Hee Jun Shin;Hee-Jin Yang;Joo-Hiuk Son
Terahertz (THz) radiation has garnered attention in medical imaging owing to its non-ionizing characteristics. THz cancer imaging utilizes amplitude and/or phase changes resulting from variations in the cell structure and water content of cancerous tissues. To identify cancer-specific signals using THz radiation, DNA from various cancer cells was observed to exhibit a resonance feature at approximately 1.6 THz, which was attributed to DNA hypermethylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic alteration that precedes genetic mutations during cancer development. Although pharmaceutical demethylation agents effectively reduce DNA methylation, they cause numerous side effects. We demonstrated that 1.6-THz radiation can effectively reduce the level of DNA methylation in cancer cells and tissues, as well as in extracted DNA. This review provides comprehensive details regarding the THz-mediated demethylation of cancerous DNA that may contribute to the development of cancer treatments using THz radiation.
{"title":"Terahertz Demethylation for Cancer Therapy","authors":"Hee Jun Shin;Hee-Jin Yang;Joo-Hiuk Son","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638815","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) radiation has garnered attention in medical imaging owing to its non-ionizing characteristics. THz cancer imaging utilizes amplitude and/or phase changes resulting from variations in the cell structure and water content of cancerous tissues. To identify cancer-specific signals using THz radiation, DNA from various cancer cells was observed to exhibit a resonance feature at approximately 1.6 THz, which was attributed to DNA hypermethylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic alteration that precedes genetic mutations during cancer development. Although pharmaceutical demethylation agents effectively reduce DNA methylation, they cause numerous side effects. We demonstrated that 1.6-THz radiation can effectively reduce the level of DNA methylation in cancer cells and tissues, as well as in extracted DNA. This review provides comprehensive details regarding the THz-mediated demethylation of cancerous DNA that may contribute to the development of cancer treatments using THz radiation.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638463
Zhaoyu Ma;Qianqian Hao;Huanli Wang;Yuwen He;Linjun Li
We report a passively Q-switched Ho:CaYAlO4 (Ho:CYA) laser for the first time. Under an absorbed pump power of 10.42 W, an average output power of 1.23 W at 2079 nm and a pulse width of 35.1 ns at 18.22 kHz were obtained by using Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber (SA). The single pulse energy, peak power, and slope efficiency were calculated to be 67.5 μJ, 1922.2 W, and 13.2%, respectively. The Ho:CYA laser exhibits good beam quality and power stability at maximum average output power, with a beam quality factor M2 of less than 1.2 and a root mean square stability of about 2.30%. Also, a tunable continuous wave Ho:CYA laser was obtained by inserting a birefringent filter in the resonant cavity. At an absorbed pump power of 6 W, the tunable ranges of wavelength were 2076–2174 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct generation of Ho:CYA pulsed laser by using a passive modulation device.
{"title":"Passively Q-Switched and Tunable Continuous Wave Ho:CaYAlO4 Laser","authors":"Zhaoyu Ma;Qianqian Hao;Huanli Wang;Yuwen He;Linjun Li","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3638463","url":null,"abstract":"We report a passively Q-switched Ho:CaYAlO<sub>4</sub> (Ho:CYA) laser for the first time. Under an absorbed pump power of 10.42 W, an average output power of 1.23 W at 2079 nm and a pulse width of 35.1 ns at 18.22 kHz were obtained by using Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber (SA). The single pulse energy, peak power, and slope efficiency were calculated to be 67.5 μJ, 1922.2 W, and 13.2%, respectively. The Ho:CYA laser exhibits good beam quality and power stability at maximum average output power, with a beam quality factor <italic>M</i><sup>2</sup> of less than 1.2 and a root mean square stability of about 2.30%. Also, a tunable continuous wave Ho:CYA laser was obtained by inserting a birefringent filter in the resonant cavity. At an absorbed pump power of 6 W, the tunable ranges of wavelength were 2076–2174 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct generation of Ho:CYA pulsed laser by using a passive modulation device.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 5: Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Assoc. Sys.","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636926
Amit Kumar;Pankaj Verma;Himanshu Sharma;Amrindra Pal;Debasish Pal
In this article, a machine learning (ML) regression approach is proposed for detecting the core loss (CL) and effective refractive index (ERI) of the core mode of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based biosensor. First, a PCF structure with hexagonal air hole pattern is considered as a waveguide for optical transmission in the near infrared region. The dataset for core mode analysis is generated through finite element method with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle. The highest wavelength sensitivity of 11000 nm/RIU has been observed. The ML regression algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and a hybrid 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) & XGBoost is implemented for predicting the CL and ERI of the core modes. The proposed algorithms showed very high accuracy with Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.10432 for the hybrid regression model. A hybrid regression model showed almost the same wavelength sensitivity when comparing with simulated values. The proposed model helps to reduce the sources and time to find out the core mode analysis of PCF-SPR sensors. This ML regression model can be used for different types of PCF structures and also be used to optimize the design parameters suitable for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Implementation of Hybrid Machine Learning on Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Biosensor","authors":"Amit Kumar;Pankaj Verma;Himanshu Sharma;Amrindra Pal;Debasish Pal","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636926","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a machine learning (ML) regression approach is proposed for detecting the core loss (CL) and effective refractive index (ERI) of the core mode of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based biosensor. First, a PCF structure with hexagonal air hole pattern is considered as a waveguide for optical transmission in the near infrared region. The dataset for core mode analysis is generated through finite element method with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle. The highest wavelength sensitivity of 11000 nm/RIU has been observed. The ML regression algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and a hybrid 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) & XGBoost is implemented for predicting the CL and ERI of the core modes. The proposed algorithms showed very high accuracy with Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.10432 for the hybrid regression model. A hybrid regression model showed almost the same wavelength sensitivity when comparing with simulated values. The proposed model helps to reduce the sources and time to find out the core mode analysis of PCF-SPR sensors. This ML regression model can be used for different types of PCF structures and also be used to optimize the design parameters suitable for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3637165
Melissa M. Wu;Lucas Kreiss;Michael A. Wayne;Mitchell B. Robinson;Claudio Bruschini;Edoardo Charbon;Roarke Horstmeyer
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging optical technique for non-invasive cerebral blood flow monitoring. Extraction of the DCS blood flow index typically involves calculating the temporal autocorrelation of the measured light intensity and then fitting its decay to a solution of the correlation diffusion equation. It is well-known that the experimental autocorrelation is a biased estimator of the true autocorrelation. This work explores this phenomenon as it relates to DCS, in particular implementations with single photon avalanche diode arrays (SPAD arrays). After deriving a first-order expression for the bias in DCS, we then quantify its impact as a function of sampling time in both simulation and experiment using SPAD array detection. We then present and explore two bias correction strategies to correct for its impact at fast sampling times (20-200 Hz) and in low-photon regimes.
{"title":"Autocorrelation Bias in Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Observable via SPAD Arrays","authors":"Melissa M. Wu;Lucas Kreiss;Michael A. Wayne;Mitchell B. Robinson;Claudio Bruschini;Edoardo Charbon;Roarke Horstmeyer","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3637165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3637165","url":null,"abstract":"Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging optical technique for non-invasive cerebral blood flow monitoring. Extraction of the DCS blood flow index typically involves calculating the temporal autocorrelation of the measured light intensity and then fitting its decay to a solution of the correlation diffusion equation. It is well-known that the experimental autocorrelation is a biased estimator of the true autocorrelation. This work explores this phenomenon as it relates to DCS, in particular implementations with single photon avalanche diode arrays (SPAD arrays). After deriving a first-order expression for the bias in DCS, we then quantify its impact as a function of sampling time in both simulation and experiment using SPAD array detection. We then present and explore two bias correction strategies to correct for its impact at fast sampling times (20-200 Hz) and in low-photon regimes.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11268285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568
Junpeng Wen;Fei Yang;Wanlu Cao;Zhiyang Wang;Wenlong Wang;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang
Nonlinear optical microscopy is a vital technology in biomedical imaging and neuroscience. As multi-modal imaging significantly enhances the diagnostic utility, its conventional implementations rely on complex multi-laser configurations that limit the accessibility and upgradability of existing systems. In this study, we develop a compact broadband ultrafast all-fiber laser source enabling simultaneous four-modal nonlinear imaging, including two-photon fluorescence (2PF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), three-photon fluorescence (3PF), and third-harmonic generation (THG). To showcase its potential, we conducted high-quality multi-modal imaging on various biological samples, including mouse brain sections, mouse kidney sections, melanoma, oral tumors, and breast tumor tissues. This robust all-fiber laser source offers a simplified yet powerful solution for label-free structural and molecular analysis in complex biological systems.
{"title":"Four-Modal Nonlinear Bioimaging Enabled by a Single Robust Broadband Ultrafast All-Fiber Source","authors":"Junpeng Wen;Fei Yang;Wanlu Cao;Zhiyang Wang;Wenlong Wang;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical microscopy is a vital technology in biomedical imaging and neuroscience. As multi-modal imaging significantly enhances the diagnostic utility, its conventional implementations rely on complex multi-laser configurations that limit the accessibility and upgradability of existing systems. In this study, we develop a compact broadband ultrafast all-fiber laser source enabling simultaneous four-modal nonlinear imaging, including two-photon fluorescence (2PF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), three-photon fluorescence (3PF), and third-harmonic generation (THG). To showcase its potential, we conducted high-quality multi-modal imaging on various biological samples, including mouse brain sections, mouse kidney sections, melanoma, oral tumors, and breast tumor tissues. This robust all-fiber laser source offers a simplified yet powerful solution for label-free structural and molecular analysis in complex biological systems.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824
Angel E. Velasco;Seán M. Meenehan;Malcolm W. Wright;Erik Alerstam;Jason P. Allmaras;Kenneth Andrews;William C. Buehlman;Vachik Garkanian;Carlos M. Gross Jones;Meera Srinivasan
The purpose of the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) project is to demonstrate that free space optical communication technology is mature and capable of supporting future deep space missions. Free space optical communications can provide 10-100x higher data rates as compared to RF technology at Mars distances. In addition, the DSOC team characterized the link budget at Mars ranges (0.3-2.6 AU) demonstrating up to 267 Mbps downlink data rates. DSOC operations began two weeks after the flight terminal hosted by the Psyche spacecraft launched October 2023. Weekly contacts between the two optical ground stations and the flight terminal aboard Psyche are on-going until the DSOC prime mission ends September 2025. This paper provides an overview of the DSOC architecture, the two ground station terminals design, operations, and focusing on ground transmitter tests.
{"title":"Operational Results From the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) Project Ground Laser Transmitter","authors":"Angel E. Velasco;Seán M. Meenehan;Malcolm W. Wright;Erik Alerstam;Jason P. Allmaras;Kenneth Andrews;William C. Buehlman;Vachik Garkanian;Carlos M. Gross Jones;Meera Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) project is to demonstrate that free space optical communication technology is mature and capable of supporting future deep space missions. Free space optical communications can provide 10-100x higher data rates as compared to RF technology at Mars distances. In addition, the DSOC team characterized the link budget at Mars ranges (0.3-2.6 AU) demonstrating up to 267 Mbps downlink data rates. DSOC operations began two weeks after the flight terminal hosted by the Psyche spacecraft launched October 2023. Weekly contacts between the two optical ground stations and the flight terminal aboard Psyche are on-going until the DSOC prime mission ends September 2025. This paper provides an overview of the DSOC architecture, the two ground station terminals design, operations, and focusing on ground transmitter tests.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773
Xiaofei Yu;Haofeng Zang;Qing Ye;Pei Wang;Yonghua Lu
In conventional wavefront coding (WFC) imaging system, the phase mask is separated from the imaging lens, resulting in a bulky and inflexible optical setup. In this work, we introduce a cubic-metalens that integrates the cubic phase mask and the imaging lens into a single metasurface device. By combining this cubic-metalens with a board-CMOS camera, we have developed a compact, defocus-resistant computational imaging system. The incorporation of the cubic phase extends the depth of focus of the metalens, as evidenced by its defocus-insensitive point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF). We demonstrate that high-fidelity images can be computationally restored through Wiener filter for this compact image system based on cubic-metalens, even in the presence of transparent obstacles.
{"title":"Defocus-Resistant Computational Imaging With Wavefront-Coding Metalens","authors":"Xiaofei Yu;Haofeng Zang;Qing Ye;Pei Wang;Yonghua Lu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional wavefront coding (WFC) imaging system, the phase mask is separated from the imaging lens, resulting in a bulky and inflexible optical setup. In this work, we introduce a cubic-metalens that integrates the cubic phase mask and the imaging lens into a single metasurface device. By combining this cubic-metalens with a board-CMOS camera, we have developed a compact, defocus-resistant computational imaging system. The incorporation of the cubic phase extends the depth of focus of the metalens, as evidenced by its defocus-insensitive point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF). We demonstrate that high-fidelity images can be computationally restored through Wiener filter for this compact image system based on cubic-metalens, even in the presence of transparent obstacles.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most tissue optical spectroscopy platforms use a fiber probe for light delivery and collection, while the inconsistent probe-sample contact could induce significant distortions in the measured optical signals, which consequently bring analysis errors. Moreover, it will be practically difficult to use a fiber probe for measurements in some cases such as oral cancer investigations using small animal models. To address the critical challenge, we report a portable, lens-based, optical spectroscopy device capable of quantifying key vascular and metabolic parameters in vivo without probe-sample contact. We combined lenses based diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy into one portable platform to enable multi-parametric functional characterizations of orthotopic tongue cancer models in vivo. We also implemented easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms with the system for rapid quantification of the key metabolic and vascular parameters on biological tissue models. We then demonstrated our non-contact optical spectroscopy on tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo mouse tongue tumor models. Our phantom and in vivo animal studies showed that our non-contact optical spectroscopy, along with spectroscopic algorithms, could quantify the major metabolic and vascular parameters on in vivo tongue tumors with high accuracy. We also captured the diverse metabolic and vascular phenotypes of tongue tumors with different radiation sensitivity. Our new optical spectroscopy implemented with easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms will provide a non-contact way for rapid and systematic characterizations of biological tissue metabolism and vascular microenvironment in vivo, which may significantly advance head and neck cancer research in the future.
{"title":"Non-Contact Optical Spectroscopy for Metabolic and Vascular Characterizations of Orthotopic Tongue Cancer Models in Vivo","authors":"Md Zahid Hasan;Jing Yan;Sumit Sarker;Pranto Soumik Saha;Caigang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3635031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3635031","url":null,"abstract":"Most tissue optical spectroscopy platforms use a fiber probe for light delivery and collection, while the inconsistent probe-sample contact could induce significant distortions in the measured optical signals, which consequently bring analysis errors. Moreover, it will be practically difficult to use a fiber probe for measurements in some cases such as oral cancer investigations using small animal models. To address the critical challenge, we report a portable, lens-based, optical spectroscopy device capable of quantifying key vascular and metabolic parameters in vivo without probe-sample contact. We combined lenses based diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy into one portable platform to enable multi-parametric functional characterizations of orthotopic tongue cancer models in vivo. We also implemented easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms with the system for rapid quantification of the key metabolic and vascular parameters on biological tissue models. We then demonstrated our non-contact optical spectroscopy on tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo mouse tongue tumor models. Our phantom and in vivo animal studies showed that our non-contact optical spectroscopy, along with spectroscopic algorithms, could quantify the major metabolic and vascular parameters on in vivo tongue tumors with high accuracy. We also captured the diverse metabolic and vascular phenotypes of tongue tumors with different radiation sensitivity. Our new optical spectroscopy implemented with easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms will provide a non-contact way for rapid and systematic characterizations of biological tissue metabolism and vascular microenvironment in vivo, which may significantly advance head and neck cancer research in the future.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950
Arié Nacar;Koen Vanmol;Tigran Baghdasaryan;Jürgen Van Erps
The design and fabrication of compact and low-loss photonic lanterns (PLs) using two-photon polymerization (TPP)-based direct laser writing (DLW) technology is still a complex and not well-developed process. Yet leveraging this approach could enable flexible integration of photonic lanterns to traditional planar photonics integrated chips or fiber arrays for compact and versatile integrated solutions. We present a simple approach for designing PLs by introducing the input waveguides’ angles in the multiplexer region as the optimization parameter. This enables fast and computationally efficient simulations of a PL design that can be easily adapted for outcoupling to either a multicore fiber, an array of single-mode fibers, or a photonic integrated chip. We design a standalone and versatile 1x5 PL and fabricate it with TPP-DLW. A low-loss design was obtained (insertion loss $( {{bm{IL}}} ) leq 0.5$ dB and mode-dependent loss $( {{bm{MDL}}} ) leq 0.4$ dB) and a first prototype was fabricated and characterized with promising results (${bm{IL}} leq 6.9$ dB for the complete component). This methodology paves the way towards scalable, integrated, and ultra-compact PLs with potential applications in fields such as astrophotonics, where efficient light collection and mode management are critical for next-generation astronomical instrumentation.
{"title":"Simple Design of An Ultra-Compact Standalone and Versatile 1x5 Photonic Lantern Fabricated With Two-Photon Polymerization-Based Direct Laser Writing","authors":"Arié Nacar;Koen Vanmol;Tigran Baghdasaryan;Jürgen Van Erps","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950","url":null,"abstract":"The design and fabrication of compact and low-loss photonic lanterns (PLs) using two-photon polymerization (TPP)-based direct laser writing (DLW) technology is still a complex and not well-developed process. Yet leveraging this approach could enable flexible integration of photonic lanterns to traditional planar photonics integrated chips or fiber arrays for compact and versatile integrated solutions. We present a simple approach for designing PLs by introducing the input waveguides’ angles in the multiplexer region as the optimization parameter. This enables fast and computationally efficient simulations of a PL design that can be easily adapted for outcoupling to either a multicore fiber, an array of single-mode fibers, or a photonic integrated chip. We design a standalone and versatile 1x5 PL and fabricate it with TPP-DLW. A low-loss design was obtained (insertion loss <inline-formula><tex-math>$( {{bm{IL}}} ) leq 0.5$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB and mode-dependent loss <inline-formula><tex-math>$( {{bm{MDL}}} ) leq 0.4$</tex-math> dB</inline-formula>) and a first prototype was fabricated and characterized with promising results (<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{IL}} leq 6.9$</tex-math> dB</inline-formula> for the complete component). This methodology paves the way towards scalable, integrated, and ultra-compact PLs with potential applications in fields such as astrophotonics, where efficient light collection and mode management are critical for next-generation astronomical instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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