Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568
Junpeng Wen;Fei Yang;Wanlu Cao;Zhiyang Wang;Wenlong Wang;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang
Nonlinear optical microscopy is a vital technology in biomedical imaging and neuroscience. As multi-modal imaging significantly enhances the diagnostic utility, its conventional implementations rely on complex multi-laser configurations that limit the accessibility and upgradability of existing systems. In this study, we develop a compact broadband ultrafast all-fiber laser source enabling simultaneous four-modal nonlinear imaging, including two-photon fluorescence (2PF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), three-photon fluorescence (3PF), and third-harmonic generation (THG). To showcase its potential, we conducted high-quality multi-modal imaging on various biological samples, including mouse brain sections, mouse kidney sections, melanoma, oral tumors, and breast tumor tissues. This robust all-fiber laser source offers a simplified yet powerful solution for label-free structural and molecular analysis in complex biological systems.
{"title":"Four-Modal Nonlinear Bioimaging Enabled by a Single Robust Broadband Ultrafast All-Fiber Source","authors":"Junpeng Wen;Fei Yang;Wanlu Cao;Zhiyang Wang;Wenlong Wang;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636568","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical microscopy is a vital technology in biomedical imaging and neuroscience. As multi-modal imaging significantly enhances the diagnostic utility, its conventional implementations rely on complex multi-laser configurations that limit the accessibility and upgradability of existing systems. In this study, we develop a compact broadband ultrafast all-fiber laser source enabling simultaneous four-modal nonlinear imaging, including two-photon fluorescence (2PF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), three-photon fluorescence (3PF), and third-harmonic generation (THG). To showcase its potential, we conducted high-quality multi-modal imaging on various biological samples, including mouse brain sections, mouse kidney sections, melanoma, oral tumors, and breast tumor tissues. This robust all-fiber laser source offers a simplified yet powerful solution for label-free structural and molecular analysis in complex biological systems.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824
Angel E. Velasco;Seán M. Meenehan;Malcolm W. Wright;Erik Alerstam;Jason P. Allmaras;Kenneth Andrews;William C. Buehlman;Vachik Garkanian;Carlos M. Gross Jones;Meera Srinivasan
The purpose of the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) project is to demonstrate that free space optical communication technology is mature and capable of supporting future deep space missions. Free space optical communications can provide 10-100x higher data rates as compared to RF technology at Mars distances. In addition, the DSOC team characterized the link budget at Mars ranges (0.3-2.6 AU) demonstrating up to 267 Mbps downlink data rates. DSOC operations began two weeks after the flight terminal hosted by the Psyche spacecraft launched October 2023. Weekly contacts between the two optical ground stations and the flight terminal aboard Psyche are on-going until the DSOC prime mission ends September 2025. This paper provides an overview of the DSOC architecture, the two ground station terminals design, operations, and focusing on ground transmitter tests.
{"title":"Operational Results From the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) Project Ground Laser Transmitter","authors":"Angel E. Velasco;Seán M. Meenehan;Malcolm W. Wright;Erik Alerstam;Jason P. Allmaras;Kenneth Andrews;William C. Buehlman;Vachik Garkanian;Carlos M. Gross Jones;Meera Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3636824","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) project is to demonstrate that free space optical communication technology is mature and capable of supporting future deep space missions. Free space optical communications can provide 10-100x higher data rates as compared to RF technology at Mars distances. In addition, the DSOC team characterized the link budget at Mars ranges (0.3-2.6 AU) demonstrating up to 267 Mbps downlink data rates. DSOC operations began two weeks after the flight terminal hosted by the Psyche spacecraft launched October 2023. Weekly contacts between the two optical ground stations and the flight terminal aboard Psyche are on-going until the DSOC prime mission ends September 2025. This paper provides an overview of the DSOC architecture, the two ground station terminals design, operations, and focusing on ground transmitter tests.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773
Xiaofei Yu;Haofeng Zang;Qing Ye;Pei Wang;Yonghua Lu
In conventional wavefront coding (WFC) imaging system, the phase mask is separated from the imaging lens, resulting in a bulky and inflexible optical setup. In this work, we introduce a cubic-metalens that integrates the cubic phase mask and the imaging lens into a single metasurface device. By combining this cubic-metalens with a board-CMOS camera, we have developed a compact, defocus-resistant computational imaging system. The incorporation of the cubic phase extends the depth of focus of the metalens, as evidenced by its defocus-insensitive point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF). We demonstrate that high-fidelity images can be computationally restored through Wiener filter for this compact image system based on cubic-metalens, even in the presence of transparent obstacles.
{"title":"Defocus-Resistant Computational Imaging With Wavefront-Coding Metalens","authors":"Xiaofei Yu;Haofeng Zang;Qing Ye;Pei Wang;Yonghua Lu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3634773","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional wavefront coding (WFC) imaging system, the phase mask is separated from the imaging lens, resulting in a bulky and inflexible optical setup. In this work, we introduce a cubic-metalens that integrates the cubic phase mask and the imaging lens into a single metasurface device. By combining this cubic-metalens with a board-CMOS camera, we have developed a compact, defocus-resistant computational imaging system. The incorporation of the cubic phase extends the depth of focus of the metalens, as evidenced by its defocus-insensitive point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF). We demonstrate that high-fidelity images can be computationally restored through Wiener filter for this compact image system based on cubic-metalens, even in the presence of transparent obstacles.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most tissue optical spectroscopy platforms use a fiber probe for light delivery and collection, while the inconsistent probe-sample contact could induce significant distortions in the measured optical signals, which consequently bring analysis errors. Moreover, it will be practically difficult to use a fiber probe for measurements in some cases such as oral cancer investigations using small animal models. To address the critical challenge, we report a portable, lens-based, optical spectroscopy device capable of quantifying key vascular and metabolic parameters in vivo without probe-sample contact. We combined lenses based diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy into one portable platform to enable multi-parametric functional characterizations of orthotopic tongue cancer models in vivo. We also implemented easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms with the system for rapid quantification of the key metabolic and vascular parameters on biological tissue models. We then demonstrated our non-contact optical spectroscopy on tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo mouse tongue tumor models. Our phantom and in vivo animal studies showed that our non-contact optical spectroscopy, along with spectroscopic algorithms, could quantify the major metabolic and vascular parameters on in vivo tongue tumors with high accuracy. We also captured the diverse metabolic and vascular phenotypes of tongue tumors with different radiation sensitivity. Our new optical spectroscopy implemented with easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms will provide a non-contact way for rapid and systematic characterizations of biological tissue metabolism and vascular microenvironment in vivo, which may significantly advance head and neck cancer research in the future.
{"title":"Non-Contact Optical Spectroscopy for Metabolic and Vascular Characterizations of Orthotopic Tongue Cancer Models in Vivo","authors":"Md Zahid Hasan;Jing Yan;Sumit Sarker;Pranto Soumik Saha;Caigang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3635031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3635031","url":null,"abstract":"Most tissue optical spectroscopy platforms use a fiber probe for light delivery and collection, while the inconsistent probe-sample contact could induce significant distortions in the measured optical signals, which consequently bring analysis errors. Moreover, it will be practically difficult to use a fiber probe for measurements in some cases such as oral cancer investigations using small animal models. To address the critical challenge, we report a portable, lens-based, optical spectroscopy device capable of quantifying key vascular and metabolic parameters in vivo without probe-sample contact. We combined lenses based diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy into one portable platform to enable multi-parametric functional characterizations of orthotopic tongue cancer models in vivo. We also implemented easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms with the system for rapid quantification of the key metabolic and vascular parameters on biological tissue models. We then demonstrated our non-contact optical spectroscopy on tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo mouse tongue tumor models. Our phantom and in vivo animal studies showed that our non-contact optical spectroscopy, along with spectroscopic algorithms, could quantify the major metabolic and vascular parameters on in vivo tongue tumors with high accuracy. We also captured the diverse metabolic and vascular phenotypes of tongue tumors with different radiation sensitivity. Our new optical spectroscopy implemented with easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms will provide a non-contact way for rapid and systematic characterizations of biological tissue metabolism and vascular microenvironment in vivo, which may significantly advance head and neck cancer research in the future.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950
Arié Nacar;Koen Vanmol;Tigran Baghdasaryan;Jürgen Van Erps
The design and fabrication of compact and low-loss photonic lanterns (PLs) using two-photon polymerization (TPP)-based direct laser writing (DLW) technology is still a complex and not well-developed process. Yet leveraging this approach could enable flexible integration of photonic lanterns to traditional planar photonics integrated chips or fiber arrays for compact and versatile integrated solutions. We present a simple approach for designing PLs by introducing the input waveguides’ angles in the multiplexer region as the optimization parameter. This enables fast and computationally efficient simulations of a PL design that can be easily adapted for outcoupling to either a multicore fiber, an array of single-mode fibers, or a photonic integrated chip. We design a standalone and versatile 1x5 PL and fabricate it with TPP-DLW. A low-loss design was obtained (insertion loss $( {{bm{IL}}} ) leq 0.5$ dB and mode-dependent loss $( {{bm{MDL}}} ) leq 0.4$ dB) and a first prototype was fabricated and characterized with promising results (${bm{IL}} leq 6.9$ dB for the complete component). This methodology paves the way towards scalable, integrated, and ultra-compact PLs with potential applications in fields such as astrophotonics, where efficient light collection and mode management are critical for next-generation astronomical instrumentation.
{"title":"Simple Design of An Ultra-Compact Standalone and Versatile 1x5 Photonic Lantern Fabricated With Two-Photon Polymerization-Based Direct Laser Writing","authors":"Arié Nacar;Koen Vanmol;Tigran Baghdasaryan;Jürgen Van Erps","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3633950","url":null,"abstract":"The design and fabrication of compact and low-loss photonic lanterns (PLs) using two-photon polymerization (TPP)-based direct laser writing (DLW) technology is still a complex and not well-developed process. Yet leveraging this approach could enable flexible integration of photonic lanterns to traditional planar photonics integrated chips or fiber arrays for compact and versatile integrated solutions. We present a simple approach for designing PLs by introducing the input waveguides’ angles in the multiplexer region as the optimization parameter. This enables fast and computationally efficient simulations of a PL design that can be easily adapted for outcoupling to either a multicore fiber, an array of single-mode fibers, or a photonic integrated chip. We design a standalone and versatile 1x5 PL and fabricate it with TPP-DLW. A low-loss design was obtained (insertion loss <inline-formula><tex-math>$( {{bm{IL}}} ) leq 0.5$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB and mode-dependent loss <inline-formula><tex-math>$( {{bm{MDL}}} ) leq 0.4$</tex-math> dB</inline-formula>) and a first prototype was fabricated and characterized with promising results (<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{IL}} leq 6.9$</tex-math> dB</inline-formula> for the complete component). This methodology paves the way towards scalable, integrated, and ultra-compact PLs with potential applications in fields such as astrophotonics, where efficient light collection and mode management are critical for next-generation astronomical instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449
H. Ahmad;L. Lohano;B. Nizamani
In this work, a compact and cost-efficient approach is proposed for the generation of dual- and triple-wavelength fiber lasers (D-TWFLs) operating in the C-band using an in-line thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). Two TCFFs of lengths 4 and 6 cm are fabricated by splicing thin-core fiber (TCF) between single-mode fibers (SMFs), enabling stable comb-like filtering based on modal interference. The free spectral range (FSR) of the filter is obtained around 1.5 and 1.0 nm for the 4 and 6 cm TCFFs, respectively. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC) within the laser cavity, dual- and triple-wavelength operation is achieved with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of up to 43 dB. The lasers exhibit optimal stability for a 1-hour observation period, with wavelength drifts of less than 0.02 nm and power fluctuations of less than 0.7 dB. Compared to conventional multi-component filter structures, the proposed TCFF design significantly reduces cavity complexity while maintaining high performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of D-TWFL operation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a TCF (Nufern UHNA3) as a compact in-line comb filter. This approach presents a robust solution for multi-wavelength laser sources with potential applications in fiber sensing, microwave photonics, and DWDM systems.
{"title":"Compact In-Line Thin-Core Fiber Filter at C-Band for a Dual- and Triple-Wavelength Fiber Laser","authors":"H. Ahmad;L. Lohano;B. Nizamani","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a compact and cost-efficient approach is proposed for the generation of dual- and triple-wavelength fiber lasers (D-TWFLs) operating in the C-band using an in-line thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). Two TCFFs of lengths 4 and 6 cm are fabricated by splicing thin-core fiber (TCF) between single-mode fibers (SMFs), enabling stable comb-like filtering based on modal interference. The free spectral range (FSR) of the filter is obtained around 1.5 and 1.0 nm for the 4 and 6 cm TCFFs, respectively. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC) within the laser cavity, dual- and triple-wavelength operation is achieved with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of up to 43 dB. The lasers exhibit optimal stability for a 1-hour observation period, with wavelength drifts of less than 0.02 nm and power fluctuations of less than 0.7 dB. Compared to conventional multi-component filter structures, the proposed TCFF design significantly reduces cavity complexity while maintaining high performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of D-TWFL operation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a TCF (Nufern UHNA3) as a compact in-line comb filter. This approach presents a robust solution for multi-wavelength laser sources with potential applications in fiber sensing, microwave photonics, and DWDM systems.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 5: Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Assoc. Sys.","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281
Song Li;Wen-Jie Liu;Ri-Fu Yang;Xiao-Long Hu
Photoconductive (PC) terahertz emitters operating at communication wavelength (∼1550 nm) offer particular advantages through compatibility with cost-effective and reliable fiber lasers. However, their performance is often hindered by high dark currents and inefficient photocarrier collection. This work introduces a bias-free PC terahertz emitter featuring an ITO/U-InAs/P-InAs tri-layer structure with a dielectric metasurface to overcome these limitations. The configuration achieves a more uniform optical field distribution in the U-InAs/P-InAs layers and a high optical absorption of 95% at 1550 nm by using the dielectric metasurface with electric and magnetic dipole mode degeneracy, which is performed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To effectively accelerate the photocarriers, a large built-in electric field is established across the tri-layer by leveraging energy band engineering and aligned with the optical field distribution. Our numerical calculations show that this synergy enables efficient photocarrier collection without external bias and obtains a high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a bandwidth of 3 THz. These advancements highlight the potential of our design for high-efficiency terahertz sources.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Bias-Free Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters With Matched Electric and Optical Field Distribution in Dielectric Metasurfaces","authors":"Song Li;Wen-Jie Liu;Ri-Fu Yang;Xiao-Long Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281","url":null,"abstract":"Photoconductive (PC) terahertz emitters operating at communication wavelength (∼1550 nm) offer particular advantages through compatibility with cost-effective and reliable fiber lasers. However, their performance is often hindered by high dark currents and inefficient photocarrier collection. This work introduces a bias-free PC terahertz emitter featuring an ITO/U-InAs/P-InAs tri-layer structure with a dielectric metasurface to overcome these limitations. The configuration achieves a more uniform optical field distribution in the U-InAs/P-InAs layers and a high optical absorption of 95% at 1550 nm by using the dielectric metasurface with electric and magnetic dipole mode degeneracy, which is performed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To effectively accelerate the photocarriers, a large built-in electric field is established across the tri-layer by leveraging energy band engineering and aligned with the optical field distribution. Our numerical calculations show that this synergy enables efficient photocarrier collection without external bias and obtains a high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a bandwidth of 3 THz. These advancements highlight the potential of our design for high-efficiency terahertz sources.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), renowned for its non-invasive and high-speed imaging capabilities, finds widespread applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the recent developments in cellular-resolution OCT often contend with diverse multiplicative and additive noises, presenting difficulties in accurately analyzing nucleus-level features. Speckle noise, arising from the interference of multiple scattered waves, degrades image clarity. This makes it challenging to observe cellular details in tissues, particularly when the high-frequency information, spatially or temporally, intertwines with the noise. This study introduces a reference-guided algorithm for denoising a variety of OCT images, obviating the necessity for paired clean and noisy datasets. Our methodology learns directly from authentic OCT noise patterns, negating the requirement for simulated noise design. The empirical findings underscore the resilience of our approach across various scenarios, encompassing in vivo imaging of near-infrared full-field OCT (FF-OCT) human skin samples, in vivo imaging of visible FF-OCT human skin samples, as well as dynamic FF-OCT images.
{"title":"Deep Generative Network for Cellular-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Image Denoising","authors":"Chih-Hao Liu;Yin-Wen Lee;You-Syuan Chen;Yi-Chia Chen;Sheng-Lung Huang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627951","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT), renowned for its non-invasive and high-speed imaging capabilities, finds widespread applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the recent developments in cellular-resolution OCT often contend with diverse multiplicative and additive noises, presenting difficulties in accurately analyzing nucleus-level features. Speckle noise, arising from the interference of multiple scattered waves, degrades image clarity. This makes it challenging to observe cellular details in tissues, particularly when the high-frequency information, spatially or temporally, intertwines with the noise. This study introduces a reference-guided algorithm for denoising a variety of OCT images, obviating the necessity for paired clean and noisy datasets. Our methodology learns directly from authentic OCT noise patterns, negating the requirement for simulated noise design. The empirical findings underscore the resilience of our approach across various scenarios, encompassing in vivo imaging of near-infrared full-field OCT (FF-OCT) human skin samples, in vivo imaging of visible FF-OCT human skin samples, as well as dynamic FF-OCT images.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles involved in lipid storage, energy metabolism, and stress adaptation, and their altered dynamics have been increasingly implicated in cancer, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this study, we employ Holographic Tomography in Flow Cytometry (HTFC) to perform an extensive label-free, high-throughput, and three-dimensional (3D) characterization of LDs in ALL lymphocytes. We measure thousands of lymphocytes belonging to three B-ALL and three T-ALL cell lines. By avoiding any fluorescent marker, we segment LDs based on the sole refractive index (RI) contrast. Then, we perform a statistically significant analysis of both whole cells and intracellular LDs, by measuring morphological and biophysical parameters derived from the 3D RI distributions. Our approach provides for the first time a comprehensive label-free 3D mapping of LDs inside different cell lines of ALL lymphocytes. The resulting statistical characterization represents a first step toward organelle-level phenotyping in leukemia and points to the potential of HTFC for future non-invasive metabolic profiling in hematologic malignancies.
{"title":"Quantitative Mapping of Leukemia Cells and Intracellular Lipid Droplets Using 3D Refractive Index Tomography in Flow Cytometry","authors":"Giusy Giugliano;Daniele Pirone;Michela Schiavo;Vittorio Bianco;Lisa Miccio;Pasquale Memmolo;Giovanni Smaldone;Giovanni Pecoraro;Filomena Altieri;Marco Salvatore;Pietro Ferraro","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624480","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles involved in lipid storage, energy metabolism, and stress adaptation, and their altered dynamics have been increasingly implicated in cancer, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this study, we employ Holographic Tomography in Flow Cytometry (HTFC) to perform an extensive label-free, high-throughput, and three-dimensional (3D) characterization of LDs in ALL lymphocytes. We measure thousands of lymphocytes belonging to three B-ALL and three T-ALL cell lines. By avoiding any fluorescent marker, we segment LDs based on the sole refractive index (RI) contrast. Then, we perform a statistically significant analysis of both whole cells and intracellular LDs, by measuring morphological and biophysical parameters derived from the 3D RI distributions. Our approach provides for the first time a comprehensive label-free 3D mapping of LDs inside different cell lines of ALL lymphocytes. The resulting statistical characterization represents a first step toward organelle-level phenotyping in leukemia and points to the potential of HTFC for future non-invasive metabolic profiling in hematologic malignancies.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11220760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625968
Abhijit Biswas;Meera Srinivasan
The Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) project is validating a first of its kind system to operate end-to-end links from Mars distances. Data-rates of 8.3 to 267 Mb/s (return) and 1.8 kb/s (forward) from 0.36 to 2.68 astronomical units (AU) have been demonstrated. The 22-cm aperture diameter DSOC flight laser transceiver (FLT) transmitting 4 W of average 1550 nm laser power is integrated to NASA’s Psyche Mission spacecraft on its cruise to the asteroid 16 Psyche. A 1064 nm multi-beam laser assembly integrated to the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at Table Mountain, CA, irradiates the FLT by transmitting up to 3 kW of optical power. Link acquisition, tracking and forward communications are enabled with the uplink signal. The 5-m aperture diameter Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain functions as the primary ground receiver for the return link. In this paper, link parameter measurements are compared to allocations updated from the design and implementation phase of the project, using measurements derived from telemetry. An improved reconciliation between measurements and predictions was possible.
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