Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3655556
Niek Doelman;Gert Witvoet;Dick de Bruijn;Arjo Bos;Arnoud Delissen;Dong-Nhat Nguyen;Loes Scheers;Hedser van Brug;Robbert Voorhoeve;Kristiaan Broekens;Cornelis Willem Korevaar;Floris van Kempen
A CubeSat-compatible optical communication terminal (CubeCAT) has been designed, manufactured, and tested in orbit. It achieves 1 Gbit/s data rate in downlink at low bit-error-rate (${leq ! 10^{-6}}$), has a 1U volume, $1.0 ,mathrm{k}mathrm{g}$ mass and $10.8 ,mathrm{W}$ power consumption. It is based on a compact and efficient optical architecture, a low mass and stable mechanical structure, a high performing and robust pointing control strategy and designed to be compliant with the CCSDS O3K standard, with Reed-Solomon 223/255 coding. For launch survival a dedicated enveloping suspension module has been realized. Being launched and onboard the NorSat-TD satellite, the CubeCAT terminal has established various successful in-orbit communication downlinks. Data from the optical ground stations TNO (The Hague, Netherlands), MeO (Grasse, France) and Izaña (Tenerife, Spain) have been analyzed and verify the CubeCAT design.
{"title":"Design and In-Orbit Performance of a 1U 1 Gbit/s Optical Communication Terminal","authors":"Niek Doelman;Gert Witvoet;Dick de Bruijn;Arjo Bos;Arnoud Delissen;Dong-Nhat Nguyen;Loes Scheers;Hedser van Brug;Robbert Voorhoeve;Kristiaan Broekens;Cornelis Willem Korevaar;Floris van Kempen","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3655556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3655556","url":null,"abstract":"A CubeSat-compatible optical communication terminal (CubeCAT) has been designed, manufactured, and tested in orbit. It achieves 1 Gbit/s data rate in downlink at low bit-error-rate (<inline-formula><tex-math>${leq ! 10^{-6}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), has a 1U volume, <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.0 ,mathrm{k}mathrm{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mass and <inline-formula><tex-math>$10.8 ,mathrm{W}$</tex-math></inline-formula> power consumption. It is based on a compact and efficient optical architecture, a low mass and stable mechanical structure, a high performing and robust pointing control strategy and designed to be compliant with the CCSDS O3K standard, with Reed-Solomon 223/255 coding. For launch survival a dedicated enveloping suspension module has been realized. Being launched and onboard the NorSat-TD satellite, the CubeCAT terminal has established various successful in-orbit communication downlinks. Data from the optical ground stations TNO (The Hague, Netherlands), MeO (Grasse, France) and Izaña (Tenerife, Spain) have been analyzed and verify the CubeCAT design.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11370639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3660572
Ashleigh K. Wilson;John Munga;Chi Yang;Tigran V Shahbazyan;Ezekiel Mills III;Terence Baker;Md. G.R. Chowdhury;Mikhail A. Noginov;Natalia Noginova
Ultra-thin Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic complex EuTTA (DPT) with tri-valent Eu ions are highly luminescent even when deposited directly on metal. Emission kinetics obtained in bulk samples and Langmuir-Blodgett films are very different for dense and diluted systems. The experiments indicate a collective emitter behavior in dense systems, which is also sensitive to metal or dielectric environments. In another experiment, using metal-emitter layer-metal structures with EuTTA(DPT) we observe significant modifications of the emission line shapes and a dramatic change in magnetic-to-electric dipole branching ratio with 10-fold relative enhancement of magnetic dipole emission.
{"title":"Emission in Closely Packed Eu (TTA)3(DPT) and Opportunities for Magnetic Dipole Enhancement","authors":"Ashleigh K. Wilson;John Munga;Chi Yang;Tigran V Shahbazyan;Ezekiel Mills III;Terence Baker;Md. G.R. Chowdhury;Mikhail A. Noginov;Natalia Noginova","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3660572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3660572","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-thin Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic complex EuTTA (DPT) with tri-valent Eu ions are highly luminescent even when deposited directly on metal. Emission kinetics obtained in bulk samples and Langmuir-Blodgett films are very different for dense and diluted systems. The experiments indicate a collective emitter behavior in dense systems, which is also sensitive to metal or dielectric environments. In another experiment, using metal-emitter layer-metal structures with EuTTA(DPT) we observe significant modifications of the emission line shapes and a dramatic change in magnetic-to-electric dipole branching ratio with 10-fold relative enhancement of magnetic dipole emission.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3659816
Chenchen Wang;Qingyi Zhou;Zongfu Yu
The rapid development of optical frequency comb technology has enabled its application in various fields. Kerr frequency combs, based on third-order Kerr nonlinearity and high-Q microresonators, offer advantages including compactness and high efficiency. The generation of Kerr frequency combs involves complex nonlinear dynamics and is often modeled using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation or coupled-mode equations. However, these methods become challenging when faced with complex geometric and dispersive conditions or when the underlying physical assumptions no longer hold. In this work, we present a simulation study of the Kerr comb generation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We demonstrate that by utilizing over 1 billion grid points and millions of time steps, our FDTD simulation framework can accurately capture the spatiotemporal details of Kerr comb formation. This first-principles approach inherently incorporates various geometric and dispersion structures without relying on specific physical assumptions, providing a unified and comprehensive modeling perspective.
{"title":"Full-Wave Simulation of Kerr Comb Generation Using FDTD","authors":"Chenchen Wang;Qingyi Zhou;Zongfu Yu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3659816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3659816","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of optical frequency comb technology has enabled its application in various fields. Kerr frequency combs, based on third-order Kerr nonlinearity and high-Q microresonators, offer advantages including compactness and high efficiency. The generation of Kerr frequency combs involves complex nonlinear dynamics and is often modeled using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation or coupled-mode equations. However, these methods become challenging when faced with complex geometric and dispersive conditions or when the underlying physical assumptions no longer hold. In this work, we present a simulation study of the Kerr comb generation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We demonstrate that by utilizing over 1 billion grid points and millions of time steps, our FDTD simulation framework can accurately capture the spatiotemporal details of Kerr comb formation. This first-principles approach inherently incorporates various geometric and dispersion structures without relying on specific physical assumptions, providing a unified and comprehensive modeling perspective.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed the Laser Utilizing Communication System (LUCAS) onboard the optical data relay satellite that was launched in November 2020. In September 2024, JAXA successfully conducted an in-orbit technology demonstration between LUCAS and the first user satellite ALOS-4, launched in July 2024. The user data rate of 1.8 Gbps is the largest demonstrated for LEO-GEO link at 1.5 um as of Oct. 2025. This manuscript provides the evaluation results of the acquisition and tracking sequence, directional stability, and communication quality during the demonstration, confirming the practical implementation of the LEO-GEO scenario with real-time laser communication.
{"title":"Operational Results of JAXA’s Optical Data Relay System LUCAS as of Oct. 2025","authors":"Yohei Satoh;Takamasa Itahashi;Yutaka Takano;Shiro Yamakawa","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3659124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3659124","url":null,"abstract":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed the Laser Utilizing Communication System (LUCAS) onboard the optical data relay satellite that was launched in November 2020. In September 2024, JAXA successfully conducted an in-orbit technology demonstration between LUCAS and the first user satellite ALOS-4, launched in July 2024. The user data rate of 1.8 Gbps is the largest demonstrated for LEO-GEO link at 1.5 um as of Oct. 2025. This manuscript provides the evaluation results of the acquisition and tracking sequence, directional stability, and communication quality during the demonstration, confirming the practical implementation of the LEO-GEO scenario with real-time laser communication.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3657231
Oliver Kuster;Yannick Augenstein;Carsten Rockstuhl;Thomas Jebb Sturges
Efficiently coupling light from optical fibers into photonic integrated circuits is a key step toward practical photonic devices. While a notable coupling can be achieved by out-of-plane couplers such as grating couplers, their basic planar geometry typically tends to be sensitive to the polarization of light. This is partly due to the fact that the design spaces of such grating structures—typically fabricated with techniques such as electron-beam lithography—are only two-dimensional with a simple extrusion into the vertical dimension. This makes it challenging to optimize for both polarizations simultaneously, as performance typically degrades when trying to achieve high efficiency in both. As a result, conventional approaches either suffer from increased losses or require additional filtering components to account for different polarizations. In this work, we present a fully three-dimensional, polarization-insensitive grating coupler which has a highly efficient simulated coupling efficiency of over $mathbf {80%}$ in both polarizations. This performance matches that of state-of-the-art couplers that are performant for one polarization only. This comes at the cost of a moderately larger size due to the lower refractive index materials typically available in 3D nanoprinting. Our design method uses density-based topology optimization with a multi-objective approach that combines electromagnetic simulations with a fictitious heat-conduction model acting as a soft constraint to promote structural integrity. This ensures that the designed structures are feasible for fabrication. Our work opens new possibilities for robust 3D photonic devices, enabling advanced integration, fabrication, and applications across next-generation photonics and electronics.
{"title":"A Three-Dimensional Polarization-Insensitive Grating Coupler Tailored for 3D Nanoprinting","authors":"Oliver Kuster;Yannick Augenstein;Carsten Rockstuhl;Thomas Jebb Sturges","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3657231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3657231","url":null,"abstract":"Efficiently coupling light from optical fibers into photonic integrated circuits is a key step toward practical photonic devices. While a notable coupling can be achieved by out-of-plane couplers such as grating couplers, their basic planar geometry typically tends to be sensitive to the polarization of light. This is partly due to the fact that the design spaces of such grating structures—typically fabricated with techniques such as electron-beam lithography—are only two-dimensional with a simple extrusion into the vertical dimension. This makes it challenging to optimize for both polarizations simultaneously, as performance typically degrades when trying to achieve high efficiency in both. As a result, conventional approaches either suffer from increased losses or require additional filtering components to account for different polarizations. In this work, we present a fully three-dimensional, polarization-insensitive grating coupler which has a highly efficient simulated coupling efficiency of over <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {80%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in both polarizations. This performance matches that of state-of-the-art couplers that are performant for one polarization only. This comes at the cost of a moderately larger size due to the lower refractive index materials typically available in 3D nanoprinting. Our design method uses density-based topology optimization with a multi-objective approach that combines electromagnetic simulations with a fictitious heat-conduction model acting as a soft constraint to promote structural integrity. This ensures that the designed structures are feasible for fabrication. Our work opens new possibilities for robust 3D photonic devices, enabling advanced integration, fabrication, and applications across next-generation photonics and electronics.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Free space optical communications using trans-atmospheric links present challenges. The TELEO demonstration [J.-C. Richard, et al. 2024], [S. Poulenard, et al. 2022] provides a unique opportunity to utilize real trans-atmospheric links in a representative environment for satellite communications applications, allowing for the validation of models and terminal architectures. The French Optical Ground Station (FrOGS) was introduced at ICSOS 2023 [G. Artaud, et al. 2023]. Developed at the French Riviera observatory near Grasse, FrOGS is supported by CNES and co-financed by a consortium of industry partners: Safran Data Systems, OGS Technologies and Bertin Alpao, with Airbus Defence and Space participating as an end-user. This article first presents the final architecture of the optical station, dedicated to LEO direct to Earth data repatriation and SatCom GEO feeder link. FrOGS serves as the reference optical ground station (OGS) of the LEO to ground demonstration LASIN [J. Lochard, et al. 2022], while also facilitating the testing of building blocks for optical feeder links during the TELEO demonstration using the TELEO payload hosted on the commercial satellite BADR-8 which was launched in May 2023 [J.-C. Richard, et al. 2024], [S. Poulenard, et al. 2022]. In the remainder of the paper, the FrOGS station’s relevant validation results are presented, including bidirectional communication links with a GEO satellite and findings from pre-compensated uplink tests.
使用跨大气链路的自由空间光通信存在挑战。TELEO演示[j . c .]李志强，等。2009],[S]。Poulenard等。2022]提供了一个独特的机会，可以在卫星通信应用的代表性环境中利用真实的跨大气链路，从而验证模型和终端架构。法国光学地面站（frog）在ICSOS 2023 [G]上被引入。Artaud, et al. 2023]。frog在法国格拉斯附近的里维埃拉天文台开发，由CNES支持，由行业合作伙伴联盟共同资助：赛峰数据系统，OGS技术和Bertin Alpao，空中客车防务和空间公司作为最终用户参与。本文首先介绍了光学站的最终结构，该光学站专门用于LEO直接到地球的数据返回和卫星通信GEO馈线链路。frog作为LEO到ground演示LASIN的参考光学地面站（OGS） [J]。Lochard, et . 2022]，同时还使用2023年5月发射的商业卫星BADR-8搭载的TELEO有效载荷，在TELEO演示期间促进光学馈线链路构建块的测试[j . c .]。李志强，等。2009],[S]。Poulenard, et al. 2022]。在本文的其余部分，介绍了frog站的相关验证结果，包括与GEO卫星的双向通信链路以及预补偿上行测试的结果。
{"title":"French Optical Ground Station (FrOGS) Results of GEO Optical Bidirectional Links With TELEO","authors":"Geraldine Artaud;Loïc Eymar;Hisham Forriere;Laurent Coret;Alain Thomas;Hugo Baranger;Victor Darchy;Frederic Lacoste;Daniele Battaglino;Pierre Geneslay;Fergal O’Kane;Erick Bondoux;Romain Drouilly;Louise Garcia;Julien Vincenti;Baptiste Jans;Thierry Lanz;Etienne Samain;Baptiste Sinquin;Armin Schimpf;Sylvain Poulenard;Jean-Christophe Richard","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3656055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3656055","url":null,"abstract":"Free space optical communications using trans-atmospheric links present challenges. The TELEO demonstration [J.-C. Richard, et al. 2024], [S. Poulenard, et al. 2022] provides a unique opportunity to utilize real trans-atmospheric links in a representative environment for satellite communications applications, allowing for the validation of models and terminal architectures. The French Optical Ground Station (FrOGS) was introduced at ICSOS 2023 [G. Artaud, et al. 2023]. Developed at the French Riviera observatory near Grasse, FrOGS is supported by CNES and co-financed by a consortium of industry partners: Safran Data Systems, OGS Technologies and Bertin Alpao, with Airbus Defence and Space participating as an end-user. This article first presents the final architecture of the optical station, dedicated to LEO direct to Earth data repatriation and SatCom GEO feeder link. FrOGS serves as the reference optical ground station (OGS) of the LEO to ground demonstration LASIN [J. Lochard, et al. 2022], while also facilitating the testing of building blocks for optical feeder links during the TELEO demonstration using the TELEO payload hosted on the commercial satellite BADR-8 which was launched in May 2023 [J.-C. Richard, et al. 2024], [S. Poulenard, et al. 2022]. In the remainder of the paper, the FrOGS station’s relevant validation results are presented, including bidirectional communication links with a GEO satellite and findings from pre-compensated uplink tests.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed and validated a non-contact clinical system for myocardial ischemia detection using a fiber optic sensor (FOS) placed under a mattress. A novel algorithm was introduced to assess the hemodynamic consequences of ischemia by quantifying changes in cardiac function. The algorithm calculated the ratio between the IK and JJ intervals of the ballistocardiography (BCG) waveform, a temporal feature that serves as a biomarker for myocardial contractility impaired by ischemia. An initial cohort of 5 healthy subjects and 5 patients with myocardial ischemia was used to establish a diagnostic threshold, yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.9556. A separate clinical validation with 5 additional subjects subsequently confirmed the system’s effectiveness. The analysis demonstrated that an 8-second signal duration was sufficient for accurate detection, and processing times ranging from 1.2 ms to 30.7 ms across various hardware platforms affirmed the system’s real-time capability. The results highlight a robust and non-invasive system for continuous cardiac monitoring, offering an automated and objective tool to support the early clinical detection of myocardial ischemia.
{"title":"A Clinical System for Myocardial Ischemia Detection Based on Fiber Optic Sensor","authors":"Tianyu Chen;Jingyun Bi;Xiang Wang;Weimin Lyu;Shuyang Chen;Haihua Shu;Changyuan Yu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654817","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed and validated a non-contact clinical system for myocardial ischemia detection using a fiber optic sensor (FOS) placed under a mattress. A novel algorithm was introduced to assess the hemodynamic consequences of ischemia by quantifying changes in cardiac function. The algorithm calculated the ratio between the IK and JJ intervals of the ballistocardiography (BCG) waveform, a temporal feature that serves as a biomarker for myocardial contractility impaired by ischemia. An initial cohort of 5 healthy subjects and 5 patients with myocardial ischemia was used to establish a diagnostic threshold, yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.9556. A separate clinical validation with 5 additional subjects subsequently confirmed the system’s effectiveness. The analysis demonstrated that an 8-second signal duration was sufficient for accurate detection, and processing times ranging from 1.2 ms to 30.7 ms across various hardware platforms affirmed the system’s real-time capability. The results highlight a robust and non-invasive system for continuous cardiac monitoring, offering an automated and objective tool to support the early clinical detection of myocardial ischemia.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654052
Yiqin Liu;Wanli Li;Jinxuan Deng;Weiwen Li
Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides typically exhibit positive group delay, leading to pulse broadening, which can be compensated by introducing a negative group delay (NGD) circuit. In this work, the self-coupling characteristics of split-ring resonator (SRR) structures are exploited to realize NGD within the SSPP waveguide unit. By vertically stacking multiple SRRs, the NGD value is further enhanced. To compensate for the signal attenuation associated with NGD, an amplifier circuit is designed, and an attenuator is introduced to enable tunable gain. The proposed triple-SRR NGD waveguide achieves approximately – 8 ns group delay at 1.61 GHz. The system provides a tunable S21 range of up to 30 dB, while the delay value and operating frequency remain relatively stable. By compressing the output signal envelope, advanced signal output can be achieved. This circuit system shows great potential for applications in real-time communications and sensing.
{"title":"A Gain-Tunable SSPP Circuit System With Negative Group Delay","authors":"Yiqin Liu;Wanli Li;Jinxuan Deng;Weiwen Li","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654052","url":null,"abstract":"Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides typically exhibit positive group delay, leading to pulse broadening, which can be compensated by introducing a negative group delay (NGD) circuit. In this work, the self-coupling characteristics of split-ring resonator (SRR) structures are exploited to realize NGD within the SSPP waveguide unit. By vertically stacking multiple SRRs, the NGD value is further enhanced. To compensate for the signal attenuation associated with NGD, an amplifier circuit is designed, and an attenuator is introduced to enable tunable gain. The proposed triple-SRR NGD waveguide achieves approximately – 8 ns group delay at 1.61 GHz. The system provides a tunable <italic>S</i><sub>21</sub> range of up to 30 dB, while the delay value and operating frequency remain relatively stable. By compressing the output signal envelope, advanced signal output can be achieved. This circuit system shows great potential for applications in real-time communications and sensing.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chip-scale photonics integrated circuits have attracted great attention in optical communications for decades due to their advantages in material compatibility, power consumption, bandwidth, and integrability. We present a comprehensive introduction to mode-manipulating devices based on three-dimensional (3D) waveguide circuits, where these devices are fabricated by using optical lithography, femtosecond laser direct writing, or 3D printing based on two-photon absorption. We also discuss the future development and applications of the 3D photonic chips, which can find further applications in quantum optics, signal processing, and biosensing, all leveraging mode manipulation.
{"title":"On-Chip Photonics Integrated Circuits Formed by Three-Dimensional Waveguides for Mode Manipulation","authors":"Zirou Liu;Yu Huang;Yahao Li;Jun Xue;Chaoyue Wang;Wanyu Wu;Yanping Li;Jiawei Kong;Yue Chen;Zhihang Yan;Sławomir Ertman;Xinyong Dong;Tomasz R. Woliński;Perry Ping Shum;Quandong Huang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3654088","url":null,"abstract":"Chip-scale photonics integrated circuits have attracted great attention in optical communications for decades due to their advantages in material compatibility, power consumption, bandwidth, and integrability. We present a comprehensive introduction to mode-manipulating devices based on three-dimensional (3D) waveguide circuits, where these devices are fabricated by using optical lithography, femtosecond laser direct writing, or 3D printing based on two-photon absorption. We also discuss the future development and applications of the 3D photonic chips, which can find further applications in quantum optics, signal processing, and biosensing, all leveraging mode manipulation.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dimensional limit of a single-mode waveguide cross-section is the fundamental roadblock of designing compact and large-scale planar photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The other limitation is the choice of waveguide core materials for designing various passive and active components for the application specific PICs. Fortunately, besides crystalline Si, plenty of other options of waveguide core materials such as epitaxially grown Ge, PECVD/LPCVD grown SiN, AlN, etc., are available for the utilization of advanced CMOS fabrication process compatible silicon photonics technology in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. However, because of the absence of a suitably designed optical via, hybrid structure waveguide components and multi-layered three-dimensional PIC designs couldn’t be effectively implemented till date. Here, we have proposed a low-loss compact optical tunnel via (OTV) design as a solution for 3D photonic integration. Using a standard Maxwell’s equation solver, we have shown that the insertion loss of such a OTV design can be $< $ 0.1 dB for a broad wavelength range of operations around 1550 nm. We have also shown low-loss performance of such OTVs can be arrayed in designing complex PICs with hybrid waveguide components. The materials and design dimensions have been chosen carefully such that the proposed 3D-PICs can be easily manufactured in conventional CMOS foundries. We have also presented wavelength dependent loss (WDL) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) of various OTV designs for hybrid photonic interconnects using 3D-FDTD simulations.
{"title":"CMOS Compatible Low-loss Optical Tunnel Vias for 3D Photonic Integration","authors":"Sarad Subhra Bhakat;Kumar Piyush;Chintapalli Sam;Riddhi Goswami;Arnab Goswami;Eloi Marigo Ferrer;Hor Chee Hoong;Ng Chew Yan;Bijoy Krishna Das","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3653717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3653717","url":null,"abstract":"The dimensional limit of a single-mode waveguide cross-section is the fundamental roadblock of designing compact and large-scale planar photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The other limitation is the choice of waveguide core materials for designing various passive and active components for the application specific PICs. Fortunately, besides crystalline Si, plenty of other options of waveguide core materials such as epitaxially grown Ge, PECVD/LPCVD grown SiN, AlN, etc., are available for the utilization of advanced CMOS fabrication process compatible silicon photonics technology in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. However, because of the absence of a suitably designed optical via, hybrid structure waveguide components and multi-layered three-dimensional PIC designs couldn’t be effectively implemented till date. Here, we have proposed a low-loss compact optical tunnel via (OTV) design as a solution for 3D photonic integration. Using a standard Maxwell’s equation solver, we have shown that the insertion loss of such a OTV design can be <inline-formula><tex-math>$< $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.1 dB for a broad wavelength range of operations around 1550 nm. We have also shown low-loss performance of such OTVs can be arrayed in designing complex PICs with hybrid waveguide components. The materials and design dimensions have been chosen carefully such that the proposed 3D-PICs can be easily manufactured in conventional CMOS foundries. We have also presented wavelength dependent loss (WDL) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) of various OTV designs for hybrid photonic interconnects using 3D-FDTD simulations.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11348063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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