Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360
Lin Ling;Yang Yang;Wei Lin;Zhaoheng Liang;Xuewen Chen;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang
The generation of asynchronous dichromatic dissipative solitons (ADDSs) from a single laser cavity is a promising scheme for dual-comb spectroscopy, due to its compactness and robustness. Scaling the repetition rate of ADDSs to the GHz level holds the potential of improving the acquisition speed and spectral resolution of dual-comb spectroscopy, wherein it involves versatile soliton dynamics that may limit its performance. In this work, we study the buildup dynamics of ADDSs in an ultrashort fiber cavity that leverages multimode interference-induced spectral filtering effect, which enables dual-wavelength mode-locking at GHz. The buildup dynamics are experimentally captured in real time by using dispersive Fourier transform. The real-time observation reveals the asynchronous evolution of the dichromatic dissipative solitons. In a transitional stage, particularly, there present intense interaction and competition, accompanied by dynamic phenomena such as central wavelength shift, soliton explosions, and quasi-periodic pulsation. Our findings can provide deeper understanding on the formation of high-quality ADDSs.
{"title":"Dynamics of Asynchronous Dichromatic Dissipative Solitons in a GHz-Repetition-Rate Mode-Locked Fiber Laser","authors":"Lin Ling;Yang Yang;Wei Lin;Zhaoheng Liang;Xuewen Chen;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of asynchronous dichromatic dissipative solitons (ADDSs) from a single laser cavity is a promising scheme for dual-comb spectroscopy, due to its compactness and robustness. Scaling the repetition rate of ADDSs to the GHz level holds the potential of improving the acquisition speed and spectral resolution of dual-comb spectroscopy, wherein it involves versatile soliton dynamics that may limit its performance. In this work, we study the buildup dynamics of ADDSs in an ultrashort fiber cavity that leverages multimode interference-induced spectral filtering effect, which enables dual-wavelength mode-locking at GHz. The buildup dynamics are experimentally captured in real time by using dispersive Fourier transform. The real-time observation reveals the asynchronous evolution of the dichromatic dissipative solitons. In a transitional stage, particularly, there present intense interaction and competition, accompanied by dynamic phenomena such as central wavelength shift, soliton explosions, and quasi-periodic pulsation. Our findings can provide deeper understanding on the formation of high-quality ADDSs.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 5: Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Assoc. Sys.","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic control of terahertz (THz) transmission is crucial for next-generation devices, including sensors, modulators, and slow-light systems. This study investigates an actively tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a toroidal dipole-based THz metamaterial. Experimental and numerical analyses confirm toroidal excitation through surface current distributions, profiles of the magnetic field, and multipolar analysis. The metamaterials, fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate, achieve tunable modulation of EIT using vanadium dioxide (VO$_{2}$). The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission mode reveals modulation efficiency of up to 50%. Additionally, active control of group delay is demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of the proposed design for advanced THz applications.
{"title":"Dynamic Control of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Toroidal Planar Terahertz Metasurface","authors":"Lavi Kumar Vaswani;Rohith K. M.;Bhagwat Singh Chouhan;Sirsendu Ghosal;Updesh Verma;Anuraj Panwar;P.K. Giri;Gagan Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624107","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic control of terahertz (THz) transmission is crucial for next-generation devices, including sensors, modulators, and slow-light systems. This study investigates an actively tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a toroidal dipole-based THz metamaterial. Experimental and numerical analyses confirm toroidal excitation through surface current distributions, profiles of the magnetic field, and multipolar analysis. The metamaterials, fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate, achieve tunable modulation of EIT using vanadium dioxide (VO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission mode reveals modulation efficiency of up to 50%. Additionally, active control of group delay is demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of the proposed design for advanced THz applications.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353
Federica Bianconi;Elena De Vita;Brian Novati;Marco Giustra;Lucia Salvioni;Daniela Lo Presti;Filippo Testa;Carlo Massaroni;Agostino Iadicicco;Alessio Gizzi;Davide Prosperi;Emiliano Schena;Stefania Campopiano
Minimally invasive thermal ablation treatments (TATs) offer a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies, delivering precision and reduced side effects. This study introduces an integrated approach to enhancing laser thermal ablation (LTA) by combining nanoparticle (NP) mediation, thermal monitoring, and advanced numerical modeling. Four types of gold based NPs, i.e., nanorods and nanocages with tunable optical properties, are experimentally tested in agarose-based phantoms to evaluate their effects on LTA technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm, showing potential to selectively enhance heat deposition within tumor tissues while protecting surrounding healthy structures. Laser irradiation was performed with a literature-consistent setting of 3 W power and 120 s of exposure time. These irradiation conditions are selected to reach cytotoxic temperatures while avoiding phantom degradation and allowed for properly showing the differences between NP formulations. Real-time temperature monitoring by Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) ensured precise thermal control, with 34 sensors deployed in four arrays and positioned near the laser applicator, at a minimum distance of 2 mm from the laser tip, providing a temperature resolution of 0.1°C. Among the tested NPs, silver/gold nanocages with absorption maximum located at 816.9 nm exhibit the highest photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, advanced numerical modeling was employed, integrating the optical and thermal coupled processes, based on the optical diffusion approximation and the dual phase lag model, respectively. The model was refined with empirical data, validating and supporting the approach by predicting thermal mapping. This integrated framework shows promises for achieving selective and effective TAT, paving the way for selective cancer treatments.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-Mediated Laser Ablation: An Integrated Phantom Experimental-Computational Framework for Selective Cancer Therapy","authors":"Federica Bianconi;Elena De Vita;Brian Novati;Marco Giustra;Lucia Salvioni;Daniela Lo Presti;Filippo Testa;Carlo Massaroni;Agostino Iadicicco;Alessio Gizzi;Davide Prosperi;Emiliano Schena;Stefania Campopiano","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive thermal ablation treatments (TATs) offer a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies, delivering precision and reduced side effects. This study introduces an integrated approach to enhancing laser thermal ablation (LTA) by combining nanoparticle (NP) mediation, thermal monitoring, and advanced numerical modeling. Four types of gold based NPs, i.e., nanorods and nanocages with tunable optical properties, are experimentally tested in agarose-based phantoms to evaluate their effects on LTA technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm, showing potential to selectively enhance heat deposition within tumor tissues while protecting surrounding healthy structures. Laser irradiation was performed with a literature-consistent setting of 3 W power and 120 s of exposure time. These irradiation conditions are selected to reach cytotoxic temperatures while avoiding phantom degradation and allowed for properly showing the differences between NP formulations. Real-time temperature monitoring by Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) ensured precise thermal control, with 34 sensors deployed in four arrays and positioned near the laser applicator, at a minimum distance of 2 mm from the laser tip, providing a temperature resolution of 0.1°C. Among the tested NPs, silver/gold nanocages with absorption maximum located at 816.9 nm exhibit the highest photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, advanced numerical modeling was employed, integrating the optical and thermal coupled processes, based on the optical diffusion approximation and the dual phase lag model, respectively. The model was refined with empirical data, validating and supporting the approach by predicting thermal mapping. This integrated framework shows promises for achieving selective and effective TAT, paving the way for selective cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nottingham histological grade (NHG) is routinely used to stratify breast cancer patients into NHG1-3 for treatment decisions, yet NHG1/NHG2 ambiguity complicates personalized clinical strategy formulation. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 686 subjects. The NHG1 and 3 tumors (n = 204) in the training cohort (n = 424) were used to construct a tumor-associated collagen signatures-grade model (TACS-grade model) to leverage the difference in the 5-year DFS between NHG1 and NHG3, followed by re-stratifiy NHG2 tumors into TACS-grade 2(TG2)-low and TG2-high subtypes using the learned patterns. Model generalisability was further evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 262). Our results showed that the TG2-high had worse 5-year DFS than the TG2-low, and the 5-year DFS in TG2-high was 56.0% (54.3% in the validation cohort) and 78.8% in the TG2-low (75.0% in the validation cohort) in the training cohort. The 5-year DFS of TG2-low was similar to that of NHG1, while the 5-year DFS of TG2-high was similar to that of NHG3. After integrating the collagen-related information into the NHG system, the modified NHG system (MNHG) demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination. The TACS-grade model re-stratification of NHG2 tumors offers a cost-effective promise for tumor grading and thus may improve the accuracy of clinical decision-making.
{"title":"Collagen-Related Information Facilitates the Stratification of Breast Cancer Patients With NHG2","authors":"Zhijun Li;Zhonghua Han;Shuoyu Xu;Gangqin Xi;Shunwu Xu;Jianhua Chen;Deyong Kang;Jianxin Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621506","url":null,"abstract":"The Nottingham histological grade (NHG) is routinely used to stratify breast cancer patients into NHG1-3 for treatment decisions, yet NHG1/NHG2 ambiguity complicates personalized clinical strategy formulation. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 686 subjects. The NHG1 and 3 tumors (n = 204) in the training cohort (n = 424) were used to construct a tumor-associated collagen signatures-grade model (TACS-grade model) to leverage the difference in the 5-year DFS between NHG1 and NHG3, followed by re-stratifiy NHG2 tumors into TACS-grade 2(TG2)-low and TG2-high subtypes using the learned patterns. Model generalisability was further evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 262). Our results showed that the TG2-high had worse 5-year DFS than the TG2-low, and the 5-year DFS in TG2-high was 56.0% (54.3% in the validation cohort) and 78.8% in the TG2-low (75.0% in the validation cohort) in the training cohort. The 5-year DFS of TG2-low was similar to that of NHG1, while the 5-year DFS of TG2-high was similar to that of NHG3. After integrating the collagen-related information into the NHG system, the modified NHG system (MNHG) demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination. The TACS-grade model re-stratification of NHG2 tumors offers a cost-effective promise for tumor grading and thus may improve the accuracy of clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619841
Hyun Bon Kang;Woo-Chang Son;Hong-Rae Lee;Eun-Kyoung Koh;Ga-Young Park;You-Soo Park
Natural killer (NK) cells have attracted considerable attention as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, leading to research efforts aimed at enhancing their efficacy. However, despite the availability of various approaches to enhance NK cell function, there remains an urgent need for more efficient, cost-effective, and safe methods. Energy metabolism plays a critical role in the activation of NK cells. Low levels of light can influence cellular energy metabolism, thereby affecting cellular activity. In this study, we applied low-level light to human-derived NK-92 cells to investigate the changes in cellular activity induced by alterations in energy metabolism. Exposure to a 740 nm light-emitting diode (LED) at an energy density of 3 J/cm2 once daily for 3 consecutive days resulted in the most significant changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, NK-92 cells produced ATP in a glycolysis-dependent manner, and exposure to 740 nm light further promoted the glycolytic process. Additionally, 740 nm light stimulation prevented apoptosis in cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that LED-based low level light therapy is a viable approach for enhancing the efficacy of NK cells.
{"title":"Biological Effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-Based Low-Level Light on Natural Killer Cells","authors":"Hyun Bon Kang;Woo-Chang Son;Hong-Rae Lee;Eun-Kyoung Koh;Ga-Young Park;You-Soo Park","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619841","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) cells have attracted considerable attention as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, leading to research efforts aimed at enhancing their efficacy. However, despite the availability of various approaches to enhance NK cell function, there remains an urgent need for more efficient, cost-effective, and safe methods. Energy metabolism plays a critical role in the activation of NK cells. Low levels of light can influence cellular energy metabolism, thereby affecting cellular activity. In this study, we applied low-level light to human-derived NK-92 cells to investigate the changes in cellular activity induced by alterations in energy metabolism. Exposure to a 740 nm light-emitting diode (LED) at an energy density of 3 J/cm<sup>2</sup> once daily for 3 consecutive days resulted in the most significant changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, NK-92 cells produced ATP in a glycolysis-dependent manner, and exposure to 740 nm light further promoted the glycolytic process. Additionally, 740 nm light stimulation prevented apoptosis in cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that LED-based low level light therapy is a viable approach for enhancing the efficacy of NK cells.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619128
Jing Chen;Deguo Shi;Zongli Hu;Bin Tang
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are a special type of optical resonance with strong field confinement and minimal energy loss, making them highly attractive for photonics applications. In this work, we propose a terahertz metasurface capable of supporting both symmetry-protected BIC and quasi-BIC (q-BIC) resonances. By intentionally breaking the structural symmetry, the optical response transitions from a symmetry-protected BIC to a leaky q-BIC resonance, enabling strong light-matter interaction. Especially, integrating the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) enables reversible, thermally driven switching between BIC and q-BIC modes via its insulator-to-metal transition. Meanwhile, a maximum modulation depth of 96% can be achieved by tuning the conductivity of VO2. Furthermore, the high quality-factor (Q-factor) of the q-BIC mode endows the hybrid metal-VO2 metasurface with remarkable sensing capabilities, achieving a sensitivity of 3708 GHz/RIU. This study advances the design of tunable terahertz devices, offering insights for dynamic modulators, switches, and high-performance sensors in the terahertz frequency range.
{"title":"Tunable Switching of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in Terahertz Metasurfaces","authors":"Jing Chen;Deguo Shi;Zongli Hu;Bin Tang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619128","url":null,"abstract":"Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are a special type of optical resonance with strong field confinement and minimal energy loss, making them highly attractive for photonics applications. In this work, we propose a terahertz metasurface capable of supporting both symmetry-protected BIC and quasi-BIC (q-BIC) resonances. By intentionally breaking the structural symmetry, the optical response transitions from a symmetry-protected BIC to a leaky q-BIC resonance, enabling strong light-matter interaction. Especially, integrating the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) enables reversible, thermally driven switching between BIC and q-BIC modes via its insulator-to-metal transition. Meanwhile, a maximum modulation depth of 96% can be achieved by tuning the conductivity of VO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the high quality-factor (Q-factor) of the q-BIC mode endows the hybrid metal-VO<sub>2</sub> metasurface with remarkable sensing capabilities, achieving a sensitivity of 3708 GHz/RIU. This study advances the design of tunable terahertz devices, offering insights for dynamic modulators, switches, and high-performance sensors in the terahertz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615368
{"title":"Call for Papers: Special issue on Advances in Multifunctional Optical Spectrometers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 5: Quantum Materials and Quantum Devices","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11196080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619201
Ghada Dushaq;Solomon Serunjogi;Srinivasa R. Tamalampudi;Mahmoud Rasras
Polarization control is a critical function in integrated photonic circuits, directly impacting performance, stability, and signal integrity. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of multiferroic two-dimensional (2D) material CuCrP2S6 (CCPS) with silicon nitride (SiN) photonic devices to achieve polarization-selective filtering and rotation. Our experimental results show that microring resonators incorporating CCPS exhibit transverse magnetic (TM)-pass filtering with a polarization extinction ratio exceeding 25 dB and a low insertion loss of ∼ 0.2–0.4 dB at 1500 −1600 nm. Additionally, under TM-mode input, straight waveguides loaded with CCPS can achieve a significant polarization rotation, with azimuth angle shifts reaching up to 92.9°. Simulations and experimental validation indicate that the primary mechanism behind these effects is the polarization-dependent optical mode overlap. This overlap is governed by the refractive index profile of the CCPS/SiN hybrid system and the waveguide’s geometrical dimensions. The anisotropic properties of CCPS provide further enhancement but play a secondary role. These results highlight the potential of CCPS-integrated devices for compact, high-performance polarization control in on-chip photonic platforms.
{"title":"Polarization Control and TM-Pass Filtering in SiN Photonics Integrated With 2D Multiferroic Materials","authors":"Ghada Dushaq;Solomon Serunjogi;Srinivasa R. Tamalampudi;Mahmoud Rasras","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619201","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization control is a critical function in integrated photonic circuits, directly impacting performance, stability, and signal integrity. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of multiferroic two-dimensional (2D) material CuCrP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (CCPS) with silicon nitride (SiN) photonic devices to achieve polarization-selective filtering and rotation. Our experimental results show that microring resonators incorporating CCPS exhibit transverse magnetic (TM)-pass filtering with a polarization extinction ratio exceeding 25 dB and a low insertion loss of ∼ 0.2–0.4 dB at 1500 −1600 nm. Additionally, under TM-mode input, straight waveguides loaded with CCPS can achieve a significant polarization rotation, with azimuth angle shifts reaching up to 92.9°. Simulations and experimental validation indicate that the primary mechanism behind these effects is the polarization-dependent optical mode overlap. This overlap is governed by the refractive index profile of the CCPS/SiN hybrid system and the waveguide’s geometrical dimensions. The anisotropic properties of CCPS provide further enhancement but play a secondary role. These results highlight the potential of CCPS-integrated devices for compact, high-performance polarization control in on-chip photonic platforms.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3617509
Pei-Syuan Lin;Kai-Ping Wang;Chao-Chuan Kuo;Hong-Sung Liao;You-Chia Chang;Jin-Wei Shi
Enlarging the active window size of the photodetector (PD) while sustaining its high-speed and high-responsivity performances is the key to achieving a high-performance photo-receiver with a large field-of-view (FoV) angle for application in a free space laser communication system. However, in the traditional PD structure, a large active area always leads to a pronounced degradation in the RC-bandwidth. Using a tandem layout for high-speed p-i-n PD arrays solves the problem, but it reduces the responsivity for high-speed and large FoV performance, as current balancing between the different p-n junctions is needed. Here, for the first time, novel tandem APD arrays are demonstrated which relax the fundamental trade-offs among window size, responsivity, and speed. Our flip-chip packaged 3 $ times $ 3 arrays with a window size of 0.12 mm can simultaneously achieve a, high-responsivity (1.2 A/W), wide-bandwidth (6 GHz), and large GBP (150 GHz).
扩大光电探测器（PD）的有效窗口尺寸，同时保持其高速和高响应性能是实现大视场角高性能光接收机应用于自由空间激光通信系统的关键。然而，在传统的PD结构中，较大的有源面积总是导致rc带宽的明显下降。使用串联布局的高速p-i-n PD阵列解决了这个问题，但它降低了高速和大视场性能的响应性，因为需要在不同的p-n结之间进行电流平衡。本文首次展示了新型串联APD阵列，该阵列放松了窗口大小、响应性和速度之间的基本权衡。我们的倒装芯片封装3 $ times $ 3阵列，窗口尺寸为0.12 mm，可以同时实现高响应（1.2 a /W）、宽带（6 GHz）和大GBP （150 GHz）。
{"title":"Planar Tandem APD Array for Free Space Laser Communications Applications","authors":"Pei-Syuan Lin;Kai-Ping Wang;Chao-Chuan Kuo;Hong-Sung Liao;You-Chia Chang;Jin-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3617509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3617509","url":null,"abstract":"Enlarging the active window size of the photodetector (PD) while sustaining its high-speed and high-responsivity performances is the key to achieving a high-performance photo-receiver with a large field-of-view (FoV) angle for application in a free space laser communication system. However, in the traditional PD structure, a large active area always leads to a pronounced degradation in the RC-bandwidth. Using a tandem layout for high-speed p-i-n PD arrays solves the problem, but it reduces the responsivity for high-speed and large FoV performance, as current balancing between the different p-n junctions is needed. Here, for the first time, novel tandem APD arrays are demonstrated which relax the fundamental trade-offs among window size, responsivity, and speed. Our flip-chip packaged 3 <inline-formula><tex-math>$ times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 3 arrays with a window size of 0.12 mm can simultaneously achieve a, high-responsivity (1.2 A/W), wide-bandwidth (6 GHz), and large GBP (150 GHz).","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616785
Keith G. Petrillo;Justin Cook;Doruk Engin;Alex Sincore;Andrew M. Schober
Optical fiber amplifiers are crucial components for medium to long range space-based optical telecommunications networks. Current systems leverage technologies from the mature terrestrial optical fiber communications industry to enable rapid development and deployment of optical links and networks. However, link dynamics, performance metrics, and environmental conditions deviate significantly from terrestrial fiber telecommunications conditions and can vary depending on the orbit. This work reviews some of the major differences between optical fiber telecommunications and satellite free-space optical communications in the context of amplifier design and presents several examples of optical amplifiers developed to support space-based networks in both on-orbit and ground station applications. We discuss differences in the waveforms, link dynamics, and environmental conditions relevant to different space-based implementations. We also describe differences between multiple amplifier types, such as ground-based booster amplifiers and low noise optical receivers as well as amplifiers designed for various space orbital altitudes. Results and demonstrations show tremendous scalability and tailorability, exemplified in amplifiers from both CubeSat compatible compact and low-power models to larger long-range amplifiers with electrical to optical efficiencies up to 20% in the 1550 nm band.
{"title":"Optical Fiber Amplifiers for Satellite Communications","authors":"Keith G. Petrillo;Justin Cook;Doruk Engin;Alex Sincore;Andrew M. Schober","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616785","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber amplifiers are crucial components for medium to long range space-based optical telecommunications networks. Current systems leverage technologies from the mature terrestrial optical fiber communications industry to enable rapid development and deployment of optical links and networks. However, link dynamics, performance metrics, and environmental conditions deviate significantly from terrestrial fiber telecommunications conditions and can vary depending on the orbit. This work reviews some of the major differences between optical fiber telecommunications and satellite free-space optical communications in the context of amplifier design and presents several examples of optical amplifiers developed to support space-based networks in both on-orbit and ground station applications. We discuss differences in the waveforms, link dynamics, and environmental conditions relevant to different space-based implementations. We also describe differences between multiple amplifier types, such as ground-based booster amplifiers and low noise optical receivers as well as amplifiers designed for various space orbital altitudes. Results and demonstrations show tremendous scalability and tailorability, exemplified in amplifiers from both CubeSat compatible compact and low-power models to larger long-range amplifiers with electrical to optical efficiencies up to 20% in the 1550 nm band.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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