Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449
H. Ahmad;L. Lohano;B. Nizamani
In this work, a compact and cost-efficient approach is proposed for the generation of dual- and triple-wavelength fiber lasers (D-TWFLs) operating in the C-band using an in-line thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). Two TCFFs of lengths 4 and 6 cm are fabricated by splicing thin-core fiber (TCF) between single-mode fibers (SMFs), enabling stable comb-like filtering based on modal interference. The free spectral range (FSR) of the filter is obtained around 1.5 and 1.0 nm for the 4 and 6 cm TCFFs, respectively. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC) within the laser cavity, dual- and triple-wavelength operation is achieved with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of up to 43 dB. The lasers exhibit optimal stability for a 1-hour observation period, with wavelength drifts of less than 0.02 nm and power fluctuations of less than 0.7 dB. Compared to conventional multi-component filter structures, the proposed TCFF design significantly reduces cavity complexity while maintaining high performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of D-TWFL operation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a TCF (Nufern UHNA3) as a compact in-line comb filter. This approach presents a robust solution for multi-wavelength laser sources with potential applications in fiber sensing, microwave photonics, and DWDM systems.
{"title":"Compact In-Line Thin-Core Fiber Filter at C-Band for a Dual- and Triple-Wavelength Fiber Laser","authors":"H. Ahmad;L. Lohano;B. Nizamani","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627449","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a compact and cost-efficient approach is proposed for the generation of dual- and triple-wavelength fiber lasers (D-TWFLs) operating in the C-band using an in-line thin-core fiber filter (TCFF). Two TCFFs of lengths 4 and 6 cm are fabricated by splicing thin-core fiber (TCF) between single-mode fibers (SMFs), enabling stable comb-like filtering based on modal interference. The free spectral range (FSR) of the filter is obtained around 1.5 and 1.0 nm for the 4 and 6 cm TCFFs, respectively. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC) within the laser cavity, dual- and triple-wavelength operation is achieved with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of up to 43 dB. The lasers exhibit optimal stability for a 1-hour observation period, with wavelength drifts of less than 0.02 nm and power fluctuations of less than 0.7 dB. Compared to conventional multi-component filter structures, the proposed TCFF design significantly reduces cavity complexity while maintaining high performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of D-TWFL operation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a TCF (Nufern UHNA3) as a compact in-line comb filter. This approach presents a robust solution for multi-wavelength laser sources with potential applications in fiber sensing, microwave photonics, and DWDM systems.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 5: Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Assoc. Sys.","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281
Song Li;Wen-Jie Liu;Ri-Fu Yang;Xiao-Long Hu
Photoconductive (PC) terahertz emitters operating at communication wavelength (∼1550 nm) offer particular advantages through compatibility with cost-effective and reliable fiber lasers. However, their performance is often hindered by high dark currents and inefficient photocarrier collection. This work introduces a bias-free PC terahertz emitter featuring an ITO/U-InAs/P-InAs tri-layer structure with a dielectric metasurface to overcome these limitations. The configuration achieves a more uniform optical field distribution in the U-InAs/P-InAs layers and a high optical absorption of 95% at 1550 nm by using the dielectric metasurface with electric and magnetic dipole mode degeneracy, which is performed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To effectively accelerate the photocarriers, a large built-in electric field is established across the tri-layer by leveraging energy band engineering and aligned with the optical field distribution. Our numerical calculations show that this synergy enables efficient photocarrier collection without external bias and obtains a high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a bandwidth of 3 THz. These advancements highlight the potential of our design for high-efficiency terahertz sources.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Bias-Free Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters With Matched Electric and Optical Field Distribution in Dielectric Metasurfaces","authors":"Song Li;Wen-Jie Liu;Ri-Fu Yang;Xiao-Long Hu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627281","url":null,"abstract":"Photoconductive (PC) terahertz emitters operating at communication wavelength (∼1550 nm) offer particular advantages through compatibility with cost-effective and reliable fiber lasers. However, their performance is often hindered by high dark currents and inefficient photocarrier collection. This work introduces a bias-free PC terahertz emitter featuring an ITO/U-InAs/P-InAs tri-layer structure with a dielectric metasurface to overcome these limitations. The configuration achieves a more uniform optical field distribution in the U-InAs/P-InAs layers and a high optical absorption of 95% at 1550 nm by using the dielectric metasurface with electric and magnetic dipole mode degeneracy, which is performed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To effectively accelerate the photocarriers, a large built-in electric field is established across the tri-layer by leveraging energy band engineering and aligned with the optical field distribution. Our numerical calculations show that this synergy enables efficient photocarrier collection without external bias and obtains a high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a bandwidth of 3 THz. These advancements highlight the potential of our design for high-efficiency terahertz sources.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), renowned for its non-invasive and high-speed imaging capabilities, finds widespread applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the recent developments in cellular-resolution OCT often contend with diverse multiplicative and additive noises, presenting difficulties in accurately analyzing nucleus-level features. Speckle noise, arising from the interference of multiple scattered waves, degrades image clarity. This makes it challenging to observe cellular details in tissues, particularly when the high-frequency information, spatially or temporally, intertwines with the noise. This study introduces a reference-guided algorithm for denoising a variety of OCT images, obviating the necessity for paired clean and noisy datasets. Our methodology learns directly from authentic OCT noise patterns, negating the requirement for simulated noise design. The empirical findings underscore the resilience of our approach across various scenarios, encompassing in vivo imaging of near-infrared full-field OCT (FF-OCT) human skin samples, in vivo imaging of visible FF-OCT human skin samples, as well as dynamic FF-OCT images.
{"title":"Deep Generative Network for Cellular-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Image Denoising","authors":"Chih-Hao Liu;Yin-Wen Lee;You-Syuan Chen;Yi-Chia Chen;Sheng-Lung Huang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3627951","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT), renowned for its non-invasive and high-speed imaging capabilities, finds widespread applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the recent developments in cellular-resolution OCT often contend with diverse multiplicative and additive noises, presenting difficulties in accurately analyzing nucleus-level features. Speckle noise, arising from the interference of multiple scattered waves, degrades image clarity. This makes it challenging to observe cellular details in tissues, particularly when the high-frequency information, spatially or temporally, intertwines with the noise. This study introduces a reference-guided algorithm for denoising a variety of OCT images, obviating the necessity for paired clean and noisy datasets. Our methodology learns directly from authentic OCT noise patterns, negating the requirement for simulated noise design. The empirical findings underscore the resilience of our approach across various scenarios, encompassing in vivo imaging of near-infrared full-field OCT (FF-OCT) human skin samples, in vivo imaging of visible FF-OCT human skin samples, as well as dynamic FF-OCT images.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles involved in lipid storage, energy metabolism, and stress adaptation, and their altered dynamics have been increasingly implicated in cancer, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this study, we employ Holographic Tomography in Flow Cytometry (HTFC) to perform an extensive label-free, high-throughput, and three-dimensional (3D) characterization of LDs in ALL lymphocytes. We measure thousands of lymphocytes belonging to three B-ALL and three T-ALL cell lines. By avoiding any fluorescent marker, we segment LDs based on the sole refractive index (RI) contrast. Then, we perform a statistically significant analysis of both whole cells and intracellular LDs, by measuring morphological and biophysical parameters derived from the 3D RI distributions. Our approach provides for the first time a comprehensive label-free 3D mapping of LDs inside different cell lines of ALL lymphocytes. The resulting statistical characterization represents a first step toward organelle-level phenotyping in leukemia and points to the potential of HTFC for future non-invasive metabolic profiling in hematologic malignancies.
{"title":"Quantitative Mapping of Leukemia Cells and Intracellular Lipid Droplets Using 3D Refractive Index Tomography in Flow Cytometry","authors":"Giusy Giugliano;Daniele Pirone;Michela Schiavo;Vittorio Bianco;Lisa Miccio;Pasquale Memmolo;Giovanni Smaldone;Giovanni Pecoraro;Filomena Altieri;Marco Salvatore;Pietro Ferraro","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624480","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles involved in lipid storage, energy metabolism, and stress adaptation, and their altered dynamics have been increasingly implicated in cancer, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this study, we employ Holographic Tomography in Flow Cytometry (HTFC) to perform an extensive label-free, high-throughput, and three-dimensional (3D) characterization of LDs in ALL lymphocytes. We measure thousands of lymphocytes belonging to three B-ALL and three T-ALL cell lines. By avoiding any fluorescent marker, we segment LDs based on the sole refractive index (RI) contrast. Then, we perform a statistically significant analysis of both whole cells and intracellular LDs, by measuring morphological and biophysical parameters derived from the 3D RI distributions. Our approach provides for the first time a comprehensive label-free 3D mapping of LDs inside different cell lines of ALL lymphocytes. The resulting statistical characterization represents a first step toward organelle-level phenotyping in leukemia and points to the potential of HTFC for future non-invasive metabolic profiling in hematologic malignancies.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11220760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625968
Abhijit Biswas;Meera Srinivasan
The Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) project is validating a first of its kind system to operate end-to-end links from Mars distances. Data-rates of 8.3 to 267 Mb/s (return) and 1.8 kb/s (forward) from 0.36 to 2.68 astronomical units (AU) have been demonstrated. The 22-cm aperture diameter DSOC flight laser transceiver (FLT) transmitting 4 W of average 1550 nm laser power is integrated to NASA’s Psyche Mission spacecraft on its cruise to the asteroid 16 Psyche. A 1064 nm multi-beam laser assembly integrated to the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at Table Mountain, CA, irradiates the FLT by transmitting up to 3 kW of optical power. Link acquisition, tracking and forward communications are enabled with the uplink signal. The 5-m aperture diameter Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain functions as the primary ground receiver for the return link. In this paper, link parameter measurements are compared to allocations updated from the design and implementation phase of the project, using measurements derived from telemetry. An improved reconciliation between measurements and predictions was possible.
{"title":"Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) System Description and Performance","authors":"Abhijit Biswas;Meera Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625968","url":null,"abstract":"The Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) project is validating a first of its kind system to operate end-to-end links from Mars distances. Data-rates of 8.3 to 267 Mb/s (return) and 1.8 kb/s (forward) from 0.36 to 2.68 astronomical units (AU) have been demonstrated. The 22-cm aperture diameter DSOC flight laser transceiver (FLT) transmitting 4 W of average 1550 nm laser power is integrated to NASA’s Psyche Mission spacecraft on its cruise to the asteroid 16 Psyche. A 1064 nm multi-beam laser assembly integrated to the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at Table Mountain, CA, irradiates the FLT by transmitting up to 3 kW of optical power. Link acquisition, tracking and forward communications are enabled with the uplink signal. The 5-m aperture diameter Hale telescope at Palomar Mountain functions as the primary ground receiver for the return link. In this paper, link parameter measurements are compared to allocations updated from the design and implementation phase of the project, using measurements derived from telemetry. An improved reconciliation between measurements and predictions was possible.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624963
Lih-Ren Chen;Chia-Chin Tseng;Chia-Jui Chang;Kuo-Bin Hong;Tien-Chang Lu
Compact solid-state photonic devices with beam steering capabilities are essential for next-generation applications including light detection and ranging, free-space optical communications, optical sensing, and augmented/virtual reality displays. This work presents the monolithic integration of metasurfaces with electrically-driven photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) to achieve laser beam deflection. Building upon our previously demonstrated short-wavelength infrared PCSELs with high power and superior beam quality, we fabricated metasurfaces directly on the back-emitting surface to manipulate the wavefront of the laser output. The metasurface consists of subwavelength meta-atoms designed to provide precise phase control for beam steering. We demonstrate static beam deflection angles up to 70° with output powers of 60 mW at 1570 nm. These results establish a promising platform for compact, electrically-driven beam steering devices for advanced photonic applications.
{"title":"Short-Wavelength Infrared Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers Integrated With Metasurface for Static Beam Steering","authors":"Lih-Ren Chen;Chia-Chin Tseng;Chia-Jui Chang;Kuo-Bin Hong;Tien-Chang Lu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624963","url":null,"abstract":"Compact solid-state photonic devices with beam steering capabilities are essential for next-generation applications including light detection and ranging, free-space optical communications, optical sensing, and augmented/virtual reality displays. This work presents the monolithic integration of metasurfaces with electrically-driven photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) to achieve laser beam deflection. Building upon our previously demonstrated short-wavelength infrared PCSELs with high power and superior beam quality, we fabricated metasurfaces directly on the back-emitting surface to manipulate the wavefront of the laser output. The metasurface consists of subwavelength meta-atoms designed to provide precise phase control for beam steering. We demonstrate static beam deflection angles up to 70° with output powers of 60 mW at 1570 nm. These results establish a promising platform for compact, electrically-driven beam steering devices for advanced photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625053
Sarah A. Tedder;Yousef K. Chahine;Brian E. Vyhnalek;Sergio G. Leon-Saval;Christopher H. Betters;Bertram Floyd
Photonic lanterns provide an efficient way of coupling light from a single large-core fiber to multiple small-core fibers. This capability is of interest for the most demanding space-to-ground optical communication ground receivers. These receivers require high-efficiency coupling from an atmospherically distorted focal spot to superconducting nanowire detectors. In the case where multiple such detectors are coupled with small core fibers, photonic lanterns offer a more efficient solution than a fiber splitter. Traditionally, photonic lanterns are made with single mode fibers, yielding a total spatial mode capacity equal to the number of output legs. This paper shows that a photonic lantern made with few-mode fibers can increase the number of modes collected while keeping the cores of the output legs small. This maintains the efficiency of the interface from the fibers to the detectors, while not increasing the number of detectors one to one. Results show that across the tested turbulence range a 42-mode photonic lantern with 7 output legs increases the coupling by up to 5.3 dB when compared to a 7-mode lantern and up to 6 dB compared to a fiber splitter. A 70-mode lantern is found to increase the coupling by up to 7.3 dB over a 7-mode lantern and 6 dB compared to a fiber splitter. This paper also presents a use case study of a photon counting ground receiver with a spatial mode capacity of 42 modes, constrained by seven 6-mode fiber-coupled detectors. Despite the 42-mode capacity, results show the 70-mode lantern yields up to 1.2 dB better coupling and has 4–10 dB total coupling loss depending on the turbulence. Use case results also show the 70-mode lantern decreases the 0.1% fade depth up to 7 dB compared to a fiber splitter, in the tested turbulence range.
{"title":"Photonic Lanterns With Increased Mode Capacity Per Output Leg for Use in Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector-Based Ground Receivers","authors":"Sarah A. Tedder;Yousef K. Chahine;Brian E. Vyhnalek;Sergio G. Leon-Saval;Christopher H. Betters;Bertram Floyd","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3625053","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic lanterns provide an efficient way of coupling light from a single large-core fiber to multiple small-core fibers. This capability is of interest for the most demanding space-to-ground optical communication ground receivers. These receivers require high-efficiency coupling from an atmospherically distorted focal spot to superconducting nanowire detectors. In the case where multiple such detectors are coupled with small core fibers, photonic lanterns offer a more efficient solution than a fiber splitter. Traditionally, photonic lanterns are made with single mode fibers, yielding a total spatial mode capacity equal to the number of output legs. This paper shows that a photonic lantern made with few-mode fibers can increase the number of modes collected while keeping the cores of the output legs small. This maintains the efficiency of the interface from the fibers to the detectors, while not increasing the number of detectors one to one. Results show that across the tested turbulence range a 42-mode photonic lantern with 7 output legs increases the coupling by up to 5.3 dB when compared to a 7-mode lantern and up to 6 dB compared to a fiber splitter. A 70-mode lantern is found to increase the coupling by up to 7.3 dB over a 7-mode lantern and 6 dB compared to a fiber splitter. This paper also presents a use case study of a photon counting ground receiver with a spatial mode capacity of 42 modes, constrained by seven 6-mode fiber-coupled detectors. Despite the 42-mode capacity, results show the 70-mode lantern yields up to 1.2 dB better coupling and has 4–10 dB total coupling loss depending on the turbulence. Use case results also show the 70-mode lantern decreases the 0.1% fade depth up to 7 dB compared to a fiber splitter, in the tested turbulence range.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360
Lin Ling;Yang Yang;Wei Lin;Zhaoheng Liang;Xuewen Chen;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang
The generation of asynchronous dichromatic dissipative solitons (ADDSs) from a single laser cavity is a promising scheme for dual-comb spectroscopy, due to its compactness and robustness. Scaling the repetition rate of ADDSs to the GHz level holds the potential of improving the acquisition speed and spectral resolution of dual-comb spectroscopy, wherein it involves versatile soliton dynamics that may limit its performance. In this work, we study the buildup dynamics of ADDSs in an ultrashort fiber cavity that leverages multimode interference-induced spectral filtering effect, which enables dual-wavelength mode-locking at GHz. The buildup dynamics are experimentally captured in real time by using dispersive Fourier transform. The real-time observation reveals the asynchronous evolution of the dichromatic dissipative solitons. In a transitional stage, particularly, there present intense interaction and competition, accompanied by dynamic phenomena such as central wavelength shift, soliton explosions, and quasi-periodic pulsation. Our findings can provide deeper understanding on the formation of high-quality ADDSs.
{"title":"Dynamics of Asynchronous Dichromatic Dissipative Solitons in a GHz-Repetition-Rate Mode-Locked Fiber Laser","authors":"Lin Ling;Yang Yang;Wei Lin;Zhaoheng Liang;Xuewen Chen;Xiaoming Wei;Zhongmin Yang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624360","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of asynchronous dichromatic dissipative solitons (ADDSs) from a single laser cavity is a promising scheme for dual-comb spectroscopy, due to its compactness and robustness. Scaling the repetition rate of ADDSs to the GHz level holds the potential of improving the acquisition speed and spectral resolution of dual-comb spectroscopy, wherein it involves versatile soliton dynamics that may limit its performance. In this work, we study the buildup dynamics of ADDSs in an ultrashort fiber cavity that leverages multimode interference-induced spectral filtering effect, which enables dual-wavelength mode-locking at GHz. The buildup dynamics are experimentally captured in real time by using dispersive Fourier transform. The real-time observation reveals the asynchronous evolution of the dichromatic dissipative solitons. In a transitional stage, particularly, there present intense interaction and competition, accompanied by dynamic phenomena such as central wavelength shift, soliton explosions, and quasi-periodic pulsation. Our findings can provide deeper understanding on the formation of high-quality ADDSs.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 5: Self-Injection Locked Lasers and Assoc. Sys.","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic control of terahertz (THz) transmission is crucial for next-generation devices, including sensors, modulators, and slow-light systems. This study investigates an actively tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a toroidal dipole-based THz metamaterial. Experimental and numerical analyses confirm toroidal excitation through surface current distributions, profiles of the magnetic field, and multipolar analysis. The metamaterials, fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate, achieve tunable modulation of EIT using vanadium dioxide (VO$_{2}$). The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission mode reveals modulation efficiency of up to 50%. Additionally, active control of group delay is demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of the proposed design for advanced THz applications.
{"title":"Dynamic Control of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Toroidal Planar Terahertz Metasurface","authors":"Lavi Kumar Vaswani;Rohith K. M.;Bhagwat Singh Chouhan;Sirsendu Ghosal;Updesh Verma;Anuraj Panwar;P.K. Giri;Gagan Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3624107","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic control of terahertz (THz) transmission is crucial for next-generation devices, including sensors, modulators, and slow-light systems. This study investigates an actively tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a toroidal dipole-based THz metamaterial. Experimental and numerical analyses confirm toroidal excitation through surface current distributions, profiles of the magnetic field, and multipolar analysis. The metamaterials, fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate, achieve tunable modulation of EIT using vanadium dioxide (VO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission mode reveals modulation efficiency of up to 50%. Additionally, active control of group delay is demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of the proposed design for advanced THz applications.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353
Federica Bianconi;Elena De Vita;Brian Novati;Marco Giustra;Lucia Salvioni;Daniela Lo Presti;Filippo Testa;Carlo Massaroni;Agostino Iadicicco;Alessio Gizzi;Davide Prosperi;Emiliano Schena;Stefania Campopiano
Minimally invasive thermal ablation treatments (TATs) offer a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies, delivering precision and reduced side effects. This study introduces an integrated approach to enhancing laser thermal ablation (LTA) by combining nanoparticle (NP) mediation, thermal monitoring, and advanced numerical modeling. Four types of gold based NPs, i.e., nanorods and nanocages with tunable optical properties, are experimentally tested in agarose-based phantoms to evaluate their effects on LTA technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm, showing potential to selectively enhance heat deposition within tumor tissues while protecting surrounding healthy structures. Laser irradiation was performed with a literature-consistent setting of 3 W power and 120 s of exposure time. These irradiation conditions are selected to reach cytotoxic temperatures while avoiding phantom degradation and allowed for properly showing the differences between NP formulations. Real-time temperature monitoring by Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) ensured precise thermal control, with 34 sensors deployed in four arrays and positioned near the laser applicator, at a minimum distance of 2 mm from the laser tip, providing a temperature resolution of 0.1°C. Among the tested NPs, silver/gold nanocages with absorption maximum located at 816.9 nm exhibit the highest photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, advanced numerical modeling was employed, integrating the optical and thermal coupled processes, based on the optical diffusion approximation and the dual phase lag model, respectively. The model was refined with empirical data, validating and supporting the approach by predicting thermal mapping. This integrated framework shows promises for achieving selective and effective TAT, paving the way for selective cancer treatments.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-Mediated Laser Ablation: An Integrated Phantom Experimental-Computational Framework for Selective Cancer Therapy","authors":"Federica Bianconi;Elena De Vita;Brian Novati;Marco Giustra;Lucia Salvioni;Daniela Lo Presti;Filippo Testa;Carlo Massaroni;Agostino Iadicicco;Alessio Gizzi;Davide Prosperi;Emiliano Schena;Stefania Campopiano","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621353","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive thermal ablation treatments (TATs) offer a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies, delivering precision and reduced side effects. This study introduces an integrated approach to enhancing laser thermal ablation (LTA) by combining nanoparticle (NP) mediation, thermal monitoring, and advanced numerical modeling. Four types of gold based NPs, i.e., nanorods and nanocages with tunable optical properties, are experimentally tested in agarose-based phantoms to evaluate their effects on LTA technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm, showing potential to selectively enhance heat deposition within tumor tissues while protecting surrounding healthy structures. Laser irradiation was performed with a literature-consistent setting of 3 W power and 120 s of exposure time. These irradiation conditions are selected to reach cytotoxic temperatures while avoiding phantom degradation and allowed for properly showing the differences between NP formulations. Real-time temperature monitoring by Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) ensured precise thermal control, with 34 sensors deployed in four arrays and positioned near the laser applicator, at a minimum distance of 2 mm from the laser tip, providing a temperature resolution of 0.1°C. Among the tested NPs, silver/gold nanocages with absorption maximum located at 816.9 nm exhibit the highest photothermal conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, advanced numerical modeling was employed, integrating the optical and thermal coupled processes, based on the optical diffusion approximation and the dual phase lag model, respectively. The model was refined with empirical data, validating and supporting the approach by predicting thermal mapping. This integrated framework shows promises for achieving selective and effective TAT, paving the way for selective cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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