Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3519911
{"title":"Numerical and Analytical Methods for Complex Electromagnetic Media","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3519911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3519911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 1","pages":"703-703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10847621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3527376
Konstantina S. Nikita
{"title":"Editorial 2024 Reflections and Perspectives for the Year Ahead","authors":"Konstantina S. Nikita","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3527376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3527376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 1","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10847620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3526901
Ran Sui;Junjie Wang;Guang Sun;Zhiming Xu;Dejun Feng
The discovery of electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces has significantly advanced the free manipulation of EM waves. Furthermore, the harmonic phenomena based on time-modulated metasurfaces (TMMs) have received much attention in communication and radar detection applications, which can reduce the efficiency of radar target detection. However, the existing research on time-varying metasurface has neglected its potential to manipulate the scattering characteristics of polarized radar targets. When a linear polarization wave is incident on a metasurface, it will be reflected into two orthogonal polarization states of EM waves, thus directly affecting the polarized scattering of the target. Active polarization conversion metasurfaces (APCMs) can manipulate the polarization of EM waves, aligning well with polarimetric radar. In this work, a dual-polarization radar target feature manipulation (Pol-TFM) method based on APCM is proposed, which enables manipulation of the harmonic and energy distribution of radar echo signals in multiple polarization channels. Through this processing, virtual targets generated by harmonic effects become observable on the dual-polarized high-resolution range profile (HRRP). This method also allows for the position manipulation of the virtual targets. Finally, echo signal experiments are conducted in dual-polarimetric channels to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"A Dual-Polarimetric High Range Resolution Profile Modulation Method Based on Time-Modulated APCM","authors":"Ran Sui;Junjie Wang;Guang Sun;Zhiming Xu;Dejun Feng","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3526901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3526901","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces has significantly advanced the free manipulation of EM waves. Furthermore, the harmonic phenomena based on time-modulated metasurfaces (TMMs) have received much attention in communication and radar detection applications, which can reduce the efficiency of radar target detection. However, the existing research on time-varying metasurface has neglected its potential to manipulate the scattering characteristics of polarized radar targets. When a linear polarization wave is incident on a metasurface, it will be reflected into two orthogonal polarization states of EM waves, thus directly affecting the polarized scattering of the target. Active polarization conversion metasurfaces (APCMs) can manipulate the polarization of EM waves, aligning well with polarimetric radar. In this work, a dual-polarization radar target feature manipulation (Pol-TFM) method based on APCM is proposed, which enables manipulation of the harmonic and energy distribution of radar echo signals in multiple polarization channels. Through this processing, virtual targets generated by harmonic effects become observable on the dual-polarized high-resolution range profile (HRRP). This method also allows for the position manipulation of the virtual targets. Finally, echo signal experiments are conducted in dual-polarimetric channels to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1007-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3526904
Scott J. Ziegler;Matthew J. Burfeindt
The distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is a technique for reconstructing a dielectric profile from scattered electric fields. The potential for effective imaging with DBIM has been demonstrated for a variety of applications. However, it is more challenging to reliably produce high-fidelity imagery when the aperture formed by the sensors does not fully surround the region of interest and when data is collected over a narrow bandwidth. To address this challenge, we propose a beamforming enhancement to DBIM for limited-aperture scenarios. The beamforming enhancement pre-focuses the data prior to performing the DBIM optimization in order to achieve a better-conditioned inversion. The enhancement is an advance on previous beamforming work for DBIM in that it focuses simultaneously across not only space but also frequency, which allows for better leveraging of range information in the limited-aperture signal. Results for simulated and experimental data demonstrate that the frequency beamforming enhancement to DBIM results in less sensitivity to the choice of the regularization parameter and produces better reconstructions when spatial and frequency information is limited.
{"title":"Frequency Beamforming-Enhanced DBIM for Limited-Aperture Quantitative Imaging","authors":"Scott J. Ziegler;Matthew J. Burfeindt","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3526904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3526904","url":null,"abstract":"The distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is a technique for reconstructing a dielectric profile from scattered electric fields. The potential for effective imaging with DBIM has been demonstrated for a variety of applications. However, it is more challenging to reliably produce high-fidelity imagery when the aperture formed by the sensors does not fully surround the region of interest and when data is collected over a narrow bandwidth. To address this challenge, we propose a beamforming enhancement to DBIM for limited-aperture scenarios. The beamforming enhancement pre-focuses the data prior to performing the DBIM optimization in order to achieve a better-conditioned inversion. The enhancement is an advance on previous beamforming work for DBIM in that it focuses simultaneously across not only space but also frequency, which allows for better leveraging of range information in the limited-aperture signal. Results for simulated and experimental data demonstrate that the frequency beamforming enhancement to DBIM results in less sensitivity to the choice of the regularization parameter and produces better reconstructions when spatial and frequency information is limited.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1173-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437
Mats Gustafsson
Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl’s law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.
{"title":"Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems","authors":"Mats Gustafsson","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl’s law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1028-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3520664
Akihiko Hirata;Shunta Takagi
The modeling of the shadowing loss due to the human body in the 300-GHz band is important for the practical application of 300-GHz band wireless local area networks (LANs) and body area networks. In this study, the shadowing loss characteristics due to the human body was investigated by measuring the propagation loss and direction of arrival (DOA) of diffraction waves when a human body phantom blocks the line-of-sight (LOS) propagation path. The DOAs and the shadowing losses were measured by a terahertz hemispheric scanner and vector network analyzer (VNA). For a human body phantom positioned upright with a gap between the arms and torso, the removal of the arms increased the shadowing loss by more than 10 dB. DOA measurements revealed a reduction in the shadowing loss upon attachment of the arms, attributed to the additional propagation path created by diffraction inside the arms. The shadowing loss for a human body with arms could be estimated using a model comprising a double-isolated-knife-edge diffraction (DIKED) model for the torso and a single-knife-edge diffraction (SKED) model for the arm when a gap exists between the torso and arms. By comparing with actual measurement values, we demonstrated that this method can estimate the diffraction at the head and torso. When the phantom without arms was dressed in a down coat, the shadowing loss decreased by approximately 9 dB because the scattering induced by the down coat broadened the DOA of the received radio wave diffracted at the side of the torso. When the phantom’s head was covered with a wig, the shadowing loss at the head reduced by approximately 2.8 dB due to scattering by the wig. These results indicate that arms, hair, and clothing have a significant impact on shadowing loss by the human body at 300 GHz. The human body shadowing (HBS) loss was successfully calculated using the DIKED model with the effects of arms, hair, and clothing added as correction terms.
{"title":"Modeling of Human Body Shadowing Loss at 300 GHz Based on Measurement of Path Loss and Direction of Arrival","authors":"Akihiko Hirata;Shunta Takagi","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3520664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3520664","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of the shadowing loss due to the human body in the 300-GHz band is important for the practical application of 300-GHz band wireless local area networks (LANs) and body area networks. In this study, the shadowing loss characteristics due to the human body was investigated by measuring the propagation loss and direction of arrival (DOA) of diffraction waves when a human body phantom blocks the line-of-sight (LOS) propagation path. The DOAs and the shadowing losses were measured by a terahertz hemispheric scanner and vector network analyzer (VNA). For a human body phantom positioned upright with a gap between the arms and torso, the removal of the arms increased the shadowing loss by more than 10 dB. DOA measurements revealed a reduction in the shadowing loss upon attachment of the arms, attributed to the additional propagation path created by diffraction inside the arms. The shadowing loss for a human body with arms could be estimated using a model comprising a double-isolated-knife-edge diffraction (DIKED) model for the torso and a single-knife-edge diffraction (SKED) model for the arm when a gap exists between the torso and arms. By comparing with actual measurement values, we demonstrated that this method can estimate the diffraction at the head and torso. When the phantom without arms was dressed in a down coat, the shadowing loss decreased by approximately 9 dB because the scattering induced by the down coat broadened the DOA of the received radio wave diffracted at the side of the torso. When the phantom’s head was covered with a wig, the shadowing loss at the head reduced by approximately 2.8 dB due to scattering by the wig. These results indicate that arms, hair, and clothing have a significant impact on shadowing loss by the human body at 300 GHz. The human body shadowing (HBS) loss was successfully calculated using the DIKED model with the effects of arms, hair, and clothing added as correction terms.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1162-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3520352
Xin Wang;Huaiqing Zhang;Mingyu Lu
A novel architecture of retro-reflective beamforming is proposed for wireless power transmission applications. In contrast to a conventional retro-reflective beamformer with a 2-D transmitting antenna array controlled by a 2-D receiving antenna array, the novel retro-reflective beamformer includes a 2-D transmitting antenna array controlled by multiple 1-D receiving antenna arrays. Compared with the conventional architecture of retro-reflective beamforming, the architecture proposed in this communication has better flexibility and lower complexity. Numerical results indicate that the wireless power transmission efficiency of the novel architecture has little difference from that of the conventional architecture when the location of a wireless power receiver with a clear line-of-sight path is not far off the broadside direction of the retro-reflective beamformer. Some preliminary experiments are conducted in an anechoic chamber as well as an indoor environment to verify the numerical studies. The experimental data are in agreement with the numerical results.
{"title":"A Novel Architecture of Retro-Reflective Beamforming for Wireless Power Transmission With a 2-D Transmitting Antenna Array Controlled by 1-D Receiving Antenna Arrays","authors":"Xin Wang;Huaiqing Zhang;Mingyu Lu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3520352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3520352","url":null,"abstract":"A novel architecture of retro-reflective beamforming is proposed for wireless power transmission applications. In contrast to a conventional retro-reflective beamformer with a 2-D transmitting antenna array controlled by a 2-D receiving antenna array, the novel retro-reflective beamformer includes a 2-D transmitting antenna array controlled by multiple 1-D receiving antenna arrays. Compared with the conventional architecture of retro-reflective beamforming, the architecture proposed in this communication has better flexibility and lower complexity. Numerical results indicate that the wireless power transmission efficiency of the novel architecture has little difference from that of the conventional architecture when the location of a wireless power receiver with a clear line-of-sight path is not far off the broadside direction of the retro-reflective beamformer. Some preliminary experiments are conducted in an anechoic chamber as well as an indoor environment to verify the numerical studies. The experimental data are in agreement with the numerical results.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1233-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3520305
Lei Guo;Yipei Qiao;Wenwen Yang;Kwok Wa Leung
This communication presents a novel ground-embedded dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) which has a broad bandwidth and wide half-space coverage, based on the concept of complementary superimposition. By using the embedded ground, horizontal and vertical electric currents can be introduced. Their radiation can be combined with that of the original DRA, significantly boosting radiation at low elevation angles. This results in broad half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of ~180° in two elevation planes. The design achieves wide half-space coverage across a wide bandwidth by exciting two adjacent modes. To validate the theory, the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. Measured results show a broad usable impedance bandwidth of 2.35–3.55 GHz (40.68%), with HPBWs of ~180°. The maximum gains are 2.54 and 2.13 dBi at $theta = 0^{circ }$ (boresight) and $theta = 90^{circ }$ , respectively. Due to its embedded structure, our antenna is compact, making it promising for 5G applications that generally require both wide beamwidth and impedance bandwidth.
{"title":"Broadband Ground-Embedded Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Half-Space Coverage for 5G Applications","authors":"Lei Guo;Yipei Qiao;Wenwen Yang;Kwok Wa Leung","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3520305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3520305","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a novel ground-embedded dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) which has a broad bandwidth and wide half-space coverage, based on the concept of complementary superimposition. By using the embedded ground, horizontal and vertical electric currents can be introduced. Their radiation can be combined with that of the original DRA, significantly boosting radiation at low elevation angles. This results in broad half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of ~180° in two elevation planes. The design achieves wide half-space coverage across a wide bandwidth by exciting two adjacent modes. To validate the theory, the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. Measured results show a broad usable impedance bandwidth of 2.35–3.55 GHz (40.68%), with HPBWs of ~180°. The maximum gains are 2.54 and 2.13 dBi at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta = 0^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (boresight) and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta = 90^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Due to its embedded structure, our antenna is compact, making it promising for 5G applications that generally require both wide beamwidth and impedance bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1191-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3519781
Baiyang Liu;Qingfeng Zhang;Hang Wong
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), known for their wave manipulation capabilities, are emerging as key technologies, especially in communication and sensing. In this article, we introduce a multifunctional RIS that is noteworthy for its substantial relative impedance bandwidth coverage of 41.3%, offering both frequency and spatial diversities for wideband wide-angle beamforming and object sensing. The proposed multifunctional RIS has been fabricated and measured. Moreover, the RIS utilizes wideband wide-angle beamforming and frequency-and-spatial-diverse technology to demonstrate dual functions: enhancing broadband wireless signals using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and detecting passive objects. Regarding wireless signal enhancement, the RIS boosts signals by an average of 8 dB compared with a metal plate within the wideband frequency range of 15–21 GHz. In terms of frequency-and-spatial-diverse sensing, the proposed RIS is able to sense objects against a background. By introducing joint frequency and spatial diversity, the proposed RIS can further increase capacity in both wireless communication and sensing systems. The multiple functions make the RIS and highly relevant for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications.
{"title":"Multifunctional Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Wideband Beamforming and Frequency-and-Spatial-Diverse Microwave Sensing","authors":"Baiyang Liu;Qingfeng Zhang;Hang Wong","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3519781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3519781","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), known for their wave manipulation capabilities, are emerging as key technologies, especially in communication and sensing. In this article, we introduce a multifunctional RIS that is noteworthy for its substantial relative impedance bandwidth coverage of 41.3%, offering both frequency and spatial diversities for wideband wide-angle beamforming and object sensing. The proposed multifunctional RIS has been fabricated and measured. Moreover, the RIS utilizes wideband wide-angle beamforming and frequency-and-spatial-diverse technology to demonstrate dual functions: enhancing broadband wireless signals using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and detecting passive objects. Regarding wireless signal enhancement, the RIS boosts signals by an average of 8 dB compared with a metal plate within the wideband frequency range of 15–21 GHz. In terms of frequency-and-spatial-diverse sensing, the proposed RIS is able to sense objects against a background. By introducing joint frequency and spatial diversity, the proposed RIS can further increase capacity in both wireless communication and sensing systems. The multiple functions make the RIS and highly relevant for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1135-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3519740
Chong Guo;Yong-Chang Jiao;Yi Ren
In this communication, the completeness of surface-integral-equation (SIE)-based characteristic modes (CMs) in the modal expansion for the dielectric body is addressed. It is found that, when the excitation source is positioned inside the dielectric body, the conventional spurious-free SIE-based CMs alone are inadequate for fully characterizing the internal scattered fields and the nonradiating CMs arisen from the Chang-Harrington CM formulation will contribute to the internal fields. A numerical example where a lossless dielectric ball is excited with an internal electric dipole is provided. Theoretical analysis and numerical results demonstrate that, in the presence of internal excitations, both the radiative CMs and the nonradiative CMs should be employed to fully characterize the internal scattered fields.
{"title":"On the Surface-Integral-Equation-Based Characteristic Mode Expansion of Dielectric Body With Internal Excitations","authors":"Chong Guo;Yong-Chang Jiao;Yi Ren","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3519740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3519740","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, the completeness of surface-integral-equation (SIE)-based characteristic modes (CMs) in the modal expansion for the dielectric body is addressed. It is found that, when the excitation source is positioned inside the dielectric body, the conventional spurious-free SIE-based CMs alone are inadequate for fully characterizing the internal scattered fields and the nonradiating CMs arisen from the Chang-Harrington CM formulation will contribute to the internal fields. A numerical example where a lossless dielectric ball is excited with an internal electric dipole is provided. Theoretical analysis and numerical results demonstrate that, in the presence of internal excitations, both the radiative CMs and the nonradiative CMs should be employed to fully characterize the internal scattered fields.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1257-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}