Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3590586
Lingguo Min;Yang Hu;Tianxiang Jin;Yang You;Kai Wang;Ye Wang;Yunlong Lu
This communication introduces a millimeter-wave (mmW) wideband scalable ±45° dual-polarized antenna array (DPAA) based on low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The patch antennas, serving as dual-polarized elements, are rotated 45° to generate a low-sidelobe radiation patterns in E- and H-planes for both polarizations. A rectangular slot and a pair of Z-shaped probes are used to excite each patch element to generate ±45° dual-polarized radiation in a wideband. The rotation of radiating elements also creates adequate space for integrating differential feeding networks (FNs) within the footprint of the radiating part. This configuration enables the proposed DPAA to achieve the features of wideband dual-polarized radiation performance and array scalability simultaneously. Two separate differential FNs are embedded in multiple substrate layers to reduce the occupied space. They integrate cascaded wideband in-phase and out-of-phase power dividers (PDs), implemented by substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL) technologies, respectively. A prototype of a $4times 4$ -element wideband ±45° DPAA is fabricated for demonstration. Experimental results show that the proposed DPAA exhibits stable radiation patterns with low sidelobe levels (SLLs) for both polarizations across the frequency range of 24.5–32.5 GHz [fractional bandwidth (FBW): 28%]. In the same frequency range, the measured cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is better than 38.2 dB and peak gain surpasses 16.5 dBi.
{"title":"LTCC-Based Millimeter-Wave Wideband Scalable ±45° Dual-Polarized Antenna Array","authors":"Lingguo Min;Yang Hu;Tianxiang Jin;Yang You;Kai Wang;Ye Wang;Yunlong Lu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3590586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3590586","url":null,"abstract":"This communication introduces a millimeter-wave (mmW) wideband scalable ±45° dual-polarized antenna array (DPAA) based on low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The patch antennas, serving as dual-polarized elements, are rotated 45° to generate a low-sidelobe radiation patterns in E- and H-planes for both polarizations. A rectangular slot and a pair of Z-shaped probes are used to excite each patch element to generate ±45° dual-polarized radiation in a wideband. The rotation of radiating elements also creates adequate space for integrating differential feeding networks (FNs) within the footprint of the radiating part. This configuration enables the proposed DPAA to achieve the features of wideband dual-polarized radiation performance and array scalability simultaneously. Two separate differential FNs are embedded in multiple substrate layers to reduce the occupied space. They integrate cascaded wideband in-phase and out-of-phase power dividers (PDs), implemented by substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL) technologies, respectively. A prototype of a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-element wideband ±45° DPAA is fabricated for demonstration. Experimental results show that the proposed DPAA exhibits stable radiation patterns with low sidelobe levels (SLLs) for both polarizations across the frequency range of 24.5–32.5 GHz [fractional bandwidth (FBW): 28%]. In the same frequency range, the measured cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is better than 38.2 dB and peak gain surpasses 16.5 dBi.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9613-9618"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3590600
Jihong Zhang;Fule Kang;Zhengwei Liu;Zhuang Qu;Ming Xu;Song Zha;Peiguo Liu
An ultrawideband energy-selective surface (ESS) for adaptive prevention of high-intensity radiation fields (HIRFs) is proposed in this communication. With a triple-layer structure loaded with p-i-n diodes, the ultrawideband transmission property from the C-band to the X-band was achieved in both the off-state and on-state of the diode. Without active biasing, the state of the loaded diodes was directly controlled by the intensity of the incident waves. Unlike the low insertion loss (IL) realized in off-state, the shielding effectiveness (SE) in on-state was high to prevent the incident waves. Therefore, the proposed ESS could adaptively respond to the HIRF’s illumination and simultaneously switch its transmission property. After full-wave simulations and waveguide measurements, the bandwidth of IL below 1 dB and SE over 20 dB was achieved from 6.30 to 12.20 GHz, demonstrating a 64% fractional bandwidth for HIRF prevention.
{"title":"Design of Ultrawideband Energy-Selective Surface Based on Triple-Layer Structure and Semiconductor for HIRF Prevention","authors":"Jihong Zhang;Fule Kang;Zhengwei Liu;Zhuang Qu;Ming Xu;Song Zha;Peiguo Liu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3590600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3590600","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrawideband energy-selective surface (ESS) for adaptive prevention of high-intensity radiation fields (HIRFs) is proposed in this communication. With a triple-layer structure loaded with p-i-n diodes, the ultrawideband transmission property from the C-band to the X-band was achieved in both the <sc>off</small>-state and <sc>on</small>-state of the diode. Without active biasing, the state of the loaded diodes was directly controlled by the intensity of the incident waves. Unlike the low insertion loss (IL) realized in <sc>off</small>-state, the shielding effectiveness (SE) in <sc>on</small>-state was high to prevent the incident waves. Therefore, the proposed ESS could adaptively respond to the HIRF’s illumination and simultaneously switch its transmission property. After full-wave simulations and waveguide measurements, the bandwidth of IL below 1 dB and SE over 20 dB was achieved from 6.30 to 12.20 GHz, demonstrating a 64% fractional bandwidth for HIRF prevention.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9619-9624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3589737
Huanhuan Yang;Jiawei Liao;Tong Li;Kun Gao;Kefeng Ji;Zhihao Li;Zexu Guo;Lili Cong;Tiejun Cui
Array antennas with reconfigurable scattering fields are quite desirable for stealthy platforms to adapt a fast-changing electromagnetic (EM) environment. Here, we present an efficient design method for metasurface antenna with low in-band radar cross section (RCS) and reconfigurable scattering fields. On the basis of the existing antenna and metasurface, this method investigates the electric field distribution of the antenna and merges the metasurface element at the equivalent zero-electric-field point of the antenna element. Thus, an integrated metasurface antenna element with controllable scattering properties and fixed radiation performance is obtained. Using this method, the proposed metasurface antenna element adopts one substrate layer and one tunable device and achieves independent control of radiation and scattering performance. Then, a comprehensive investigation of reconfigurable scattering fields, including low RCS and orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams with tunable topological charge, is presented by analyzing the proposed antenna array. This array radiates from 4.6 to 5.25 GHz with a maximum gain of 27 dBi. Meanwhile, more than 10-dB RCS reduction is achieved for various scattering fields. These results suggest that the strong scattering energy of the array antenna can not only be redirected to nonthreat region but can also be recycled for communications or anti-detection.
{"title":"An Efficient Design Method for Metasurface Antenna With Low In-Band RCS and Reconfigurable Scattering Fields","authors":"Huanhuan Yang;Jiawei Liao;Tong Li;Kun Gao;Kefeng Ji;Zhihao Li;Zexu Guo;Lili Cong;Tiejun Cui","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3589737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3589737","url":null,"abstract":"Array antennas with reconfigurable scattering fields are quite desirable for stealthy platforms to adapt a fast-changing electromagnetic (EM) environment. Here, we present an efficient design method for metasurface antenna with low in-band radar cross section (RCS) and reconfigurable scattering fields. On the basis of the existing antenna and metasurface, this method investigates the electric field distribution of the antenna and merges the metasurface element at the equivalent zero-electric-field point of the antenna element. Thus, an integrated metasurface antenna element with controllable scattering properties and fixed radiation performance is obtained. Using this method, the proposed metasurface antenna element adopts one substrate layer and one tunable device and achieves independent control of radiation and scattering performance. Then, a comprehensive investigation of reconfigurable scattering fields, including low RCS and orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams with tunable topological charge, is presented by analyzing the proposed antenna array. This array radiates from 4.6 to 5.25 GHz with a maximum gain of 27 dBi. Meanwhile, more than 10-dB RCS reduction is achieved for various scattering fields. These results suggest that the strong scattering energy of the array antenna can not only be redirected to nonthreat region but can also be recycled for communications or anti-detection.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9553-9558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3589667
Zhou Xu;Xing Wang;Lin Chen;Luyu Zhao;Chunheng Liu;Ying Liu
The adaptive cross approximation (ACA) combined with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) is proposed for efficient analysis of wide-band RCS. Conventional AWE requires filling the higher order impedance matrix, but the higher order impedance matrix no longer consists of rank-deficient sub-blocks and therefore cannot be compressed by ACA. The pseudospectral derivative method (PSDM), which is based on Gauss–Lobatto–Chebyshev (GLC) interpolation, is employed to derive the higher order impedance matrix at the center point from the zero-order impedance matrix at the sampling points in the AWE. The ACA is introduced to compress the zero-order matrix at the sampling points to reduce matrix storage as well as to accelerate the matrix filling, which is further used to speed up all the matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) in the solution of both the linear system for the moments and the iterative solver. Three numerical examples confirm the efficiency and practicality of the proposed ACA-AWE method, which can reduce time and memory without losing computational accuracy.
{"title":"Combination of Adaptive Cross Approximation and Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation for Efficient Analysis of Wide-Band RCS","authors":"Zhou Xu;Xing Wang;Lin Chen;Luyu Zhao;Chunheng Liu;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3589667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3589667","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptive cross approximation (ACA) combined with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) is proposed for efficient analysis of wide-band RCS. Conventional AWE requires filling the higher order impedance matrix, but the higher order impedance matrix no longer consists of rank-deficient sub-blocks and therefore cannot be compressed by ACA. The pseudospectral derivative method (PSDM), which is based on Gauss–Lobatto–Chebyshev (GLC) interpolation, is employed to derive the higher order impedance matrix at the center point from the zero-order impedance matrix at the sampling points in the AWE. The ACA is introduced to compress the zero-order matrix at the sampling points to reduce matrix storage as well as to accelerate the matrix filling, which is further used to speed up all the matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) in the solution of both the linear system for the moments and the iterative solver. Three numerical examples confirm the efficiency and practicality of the proposed ACA-AWE method, which can reduce time and memory without losing computational accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9648-9653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3589683
Ningning Yan;Yusong Du;Yu Luo;Kaixue Ma
In this communication, a novel approach integrating near-zero-index metamaterials (NZIM) is proposed to effectively reduce the profile of conventional transmitarray (TA) antenna. By leveraging the zero-phase shift property of NZIM, this design not only reduces the antenna height but also maintains high gain performance. The NZIM is integrated into the reflective surface of the folded TA (FTA) antenna, achieving a profile reduction to be less than one-third of the focal length without introducing feed blockage. A prototype of the NZIM-FTA antenna operating at 19 GHz was designed, fabricated, and tested. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate significant advantages, including a low profile, high gain, and wide bandwidth (BW). The fabricated prototype is the first to reduce the height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio of FTA antennas below 0.1, achieving a minimum of 0.088. The antenna exhibits a peak gain of 21.32 dBi, with a peak aperture efficiency (AE) of 30.1%, and a 1.5-dB gain BW of 14.8%. The proposed NZIM-FTA antenna offers a promising solution for compact antenna systems in wireless communication applications.
{"title":"A Wideband Low-Profile Folded Transmitarray Antenna Based on Near-Zero-Index Metamaterials","authors":"Ningning Yan;Yusong Du;Yu Luo;Kaixue Ma","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3589683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3589683","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a novel approach integrating near-zero-index metamaterials (NZIM) is proposed to effectively reduce the profile of conventional transmitarray (TA) antenna. By leveraging the zero-phase shift property of NZIM, this design not only reduces the antenna height but also maintains high gain performance. The NZIM is integrated into the reflective surface of the folded TA (FTA) antenna, achieving a profile reduction to be less than one-third of the focal length without introducing feed blockage. A prototype of the NZIM-FTA antenna operating at 19 GHz was designed, fabricated, and tested. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate significant advantages, including a low profile, high gain, and wide bandwidth (BW). The fabricated prototype is the first to reduce the height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio of FTA antennas below 0.1, achieving a minimum of 0.088. The antenna exhibits a peak gain of 21.32 dBi, with a peak aperture efficiency (AE) of 30.1%, and a 1.5-dB gain BW of 14.8%. The proposed NZIM-FTA antenna offers a promising solution for compact antenna systems in wireless communication applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9565-9570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3589739
Zahra Lasemiimeni;Elise C. Fear
Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography (CP-MCT) has been proposed as a robust mathematical technique for reconstructing the images of the interior of objects. However, its application has been primarily limited to reconstructing attenuation images in simple scenarios. In this article, chirp pulse transmission imaging (CPTI) is introduced to leverage signal isolation capabilities of microwave time delay spectroscopy (MTDS) and identify direct-path signals for accurate permittivity estimation. The approach has been validated through various simulation scenarios, including homogeneous slabs with varying permittivities, a slab with an inclusion, and homogeneous cylinders. The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy in determining the time of arrival (TOA), resulting in reliable average permittivity measurements and improved accuracy when compared with other methods, such as peak detection. Subsequently, the backprojected images produced by the method provide a clear and accurate representation of the object’s permittivity.
{"title":"Novel Chirp Pulse Transmission Imaging Approach for Average Permittivity Estimation and Mapping","authors":"Zahra Lasemiimeni;Elise C. Fear","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3589739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3589739","url":null,"abstract":"Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography (CP-MCT) has been proposed as a robust mathematical technique for reconstructing the images of the interior of objects. However, its application has been primarily limited to reconstructing attenuation images in simple scenarios. In this article, chirp pulse transmission imaging (CPTI) is introduced to leverage signal isolation capabilities of microwave time delay spectroscopy (MTDS) and identify direct-path signals for accurate permittivity estimation. The approach has been validated through various simulation scenarios, including homogeneous slabs with varying permittivities, a slab with an inclusion, and homogeneous cylinders. The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy in determining the time of arrival (TOA), resulting in reliable average permittivity measurements and improved accuracy when compared with other methods, such as peak detection. Subsequently, the backprojected images produced by the method provide a clear and accurate representation of the object’s permittivity.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9660-9665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3587806
Xiaoting Wang;Zijian Xing;Zhengming Lv;Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim;Guangwei Yang;Jianying Li
In this communication, a novel circularly polarized (CP) phased array design with low radar cross section (RCS) is proposed. On the one hand, a wideband absorber consisting of multiple-layer multiple-order hybrid metasurface is designed based on dual-polarization tightly coupled bow tie dipole patch. On the other hand, an X-band CP microstrip (CPMS) antenna is designed to share the common aperture with the absorber metasurface and function as part of the absorber. Therefore, the proposed antenna element, composed of absorber and microstrip antenna, features CP radiation and in-band absorption characteristics. This design is of great help to achieve wide-angle dual-polarization 2-D RCS reduction within the inclusion band while maintaining wide-angle CP radiation. Finally, the antenna element is expanded to $4times 4$ phased array. Experimental evaluations confirm the antenna’s performance. The measured impedance and axial ratio (AR) overlap bandwidth of the proposed array is 11.2% (8–8.95 GHz). Additionally, the scanning range reaches ±50° in both the xoz and yoz planes. Reliable 2-D bistatic RCS reduction is realized within the incidence angle range of ±55° for TE waves and ±70° for TM waves. Notably, wideband monostatic RCS reduction is realized in the range of 1.70–9.15 GHz (137%) for x-polarized incident wave and 1.70–9.05 GHz (137%) for y-polarized incident wave.
{"title":"Design of Low-RCS Circularly Polarized Phased Array Based on Absorber With Common Aperture","authors":"Xiaoting Wang;Zijian Xing;Zhengming Lv;Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim;Guangwei Yang;Jianying Li","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3587806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3587806","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a novel circularly polarized (CP) phased array design with low radar cross section (RCS) is proposed. On the one hand, a wideband absorber consisting of multiple-layer multiple-order hybrid metasurface is designed based on dual-polarization tightly coupled bow tie dipole patch. On the other hand, an X-band CP microstrip (CPMS) antenna is designed to share the common aperture with the absorber metasurface and function as part of the absorber. Therefore, the proposed antenna element, composed of absorber and microstrip antenna, features CP radiation and in-band absorption characteristics. This design is of great help to achieve wide-angle dual-polarization 2-D RCS reduction within the inclusion band while maintaining wide-angle CP radiation. Finally, the antenna element is expanded to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phased array. Experimental evaluations confirm the antenna’s performance. The measured impedance and axial ratio (AR) overlap bandwidth of the proposed array is 11.2% (8–8.95 GHz). Additionally, the scanning range reaches ±50° in both the xoz and yoz planes. Reliable 2-D bistatic RCS reduction is realized within the incidence angle range of ±55° for TE waves and ±70° for TM waves. Notably, wideband monostatic RCS reduction is realized in the range of 1.70–9.15 GHz (137%) for x-polarized incident wave and 1.70–9.05 GHz (137%) for y-polarized incident wave.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9666-9671"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3587788
Xiang-Lin Ye;Yu Zeng;Xiao Ding
In this communication, a grating lobe suppression strategy is proposed to expand the 2-D scanning angle of planar large-spacing arrays (PLSAs). Initially, design guidelines for the null scanning antenna are derived based on the mapping relationship between grating lobe positions and null coverage range (NCR). Subsequently, a hybrid-null combination strategy is proposed that multiplies the continuously scanning nulls from the subarray factor (SF) with the discretely switchable nulls from element pattern (EP). This approach enables the proposed null scanning antenna to achieve both an ultra-wide null scanning angle and NCR. With a four-element subarray configuration, a maximum NCR of ±103° is achieved, allowing grating lobe suppression throughout the entire visible region. Furthermore, two independent feeding mechanisms are implemented to achieve precise control of null positions at both subarray and element levels. For validation, a $4times 4$ array prototype with $1lambda $ spacing was fabricated and measured. The results indicate that the peak sidelobe levels (SLLs) of the array reach −9.0, −8.6, and −13.0 dB over a ±75° scanning range in the E-, H-, and D-planes, respectively. This communication provides practical design guidelines for null scanning antennas that achieve effective grating lobe suppression in PLSAs.
{"title":"A Hybrid-Null Combination Strategy of Element Pattern and Subarray Factor for Expanding the 2-D Scanning Angle in Planar Large-Spacing Arrays","authors":"Xiang-Lin Ye;Yu Zeng;Xiao Ding","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3587788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3587788","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a grating lobe suppression strategy is proposed to expand the 2-D scanning angle of planar large-spacing arrays (PLSAs). Initially, design guidelines for the null scanning antenna are derived based on the mapping relationship between grating lobe positions and null coverage range (NCR). Subsequently, a hybrid-null combination strategy is proposed that multiplies the continuously scanning nulls from the subarray factor (SF) with the discretely switchable nulls from element pattern (EP). This approach enables the proposed null scanning antenna to achieve both an ultra-wide null scanning angle and NCR. With a four-element subarray configuration, a maximum NCR of ±103° is achieved, allowing grating lobe suppression throughout the entire visible region. Furthermore, two independent feeding mechanisms are implemented to achieve precise control of null positions at both subarray and element levels. For validation, a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array prototype with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spacing was fabricated and measured. The results indicate that the peak sidelobe levels (SLLs) of the array reach −9.0, −8.6, and −13.0 dB over a ±75° scanning range in the E-, H-, and D-planes, respectively. This communication provides practical design guidelines for null scanning antennas that achieve effective grating lobe suppression in PLSAs.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9541-9546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3581768
{"title":"Institutional Listings","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3581768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3581768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11075803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3581766
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3581766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3581766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11075806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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