Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3638832
Zeqian Yang;Yuchen Gao;Wei Hu;Wen Jiang
A novel method for designing a quasiconformal antenna with wideband and wide-angle low-scattering properties based on unit equivalent reactance regulation (UERR) and arrangement optimization is proposed. By establishing the ideal equivalent reactance boundary (IERB) for scattering cancellation, a pair of antenna units with similar radiation performance and stable wideband scattering cancellation over 5.48–11.91 GHz is designed based on UERR. In addition, a spatial scattering field optimization algorithm (SSFOA) is introduced to optimize the unit arrangement, effectively homogenizing the scattered energy distribution. Both the simulated and measured results validate that the proposed quasiconformal array achieves a wideband monostatic RCS reduction (RCSR) of 5–12 GHz, with an average reduction exceeding 9 dB, while maintaining an operational radiation bandwidth of 10–11.75 GHz and wide-angle beam coverage of ±60° in the quasi-conformal plane. Compared with existing designs, the proposed array significantly improves both the monostatic RCSR bandwidth and bistatic scattering performance.
{"title":"Design of Wideband Wide-Angle Low-RCS Quasi-Conformal Array Based on Unit Equivalent Reactance Regulation and Arrangement Optimization","authors":"Zeqian Yang;Yuchen Gao;Wei Hu;Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3638832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3638832","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method for designing a quasiconformal antenna with wideband and wide-angle low-scattering properties based on unit equivalent reactance regulation (UERR) and arrangement optimization is proposed. By establishing the ideal equivalent reactance boundary (IERB) for scattering cancellation, a pair of antenna units with similar radiation performance and stable wideband scattering cancellation over 5.48–11.91 GHz is designed based on UERR. In addition, a spatial scattering field optimization algorithm (SSFOA) is introduced to optimize the unit arrangement, effectively homogenizing the scattered energy distribution. Both the simulated and measured results validate that the proposed quasiconformal array achieves a wideband monostatic RCS reduction (RCSR) of 5–12 GHz, with an average reduction exceeding 9 dB, while maintaining an operational radiation bandwidth of 10–11.75 GHz and wide-angle beam coverage of ±60° in the quasi-conformal plane. Compared with existing designs, the proposed array significantly improves both the monostatic RCSR bandwidth and bistatic scattering performance.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2881-2886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3638675
Xiaoxing Fang;Yunyun Zhang;Ming Jiang;Wen Tian;Jun Hu
This communication presents a multilevel reduced characteristic mode (CM) method that significantly enhances the efficiency of CM analysis for perfect electric conductor objects formulated with the electric-field integral equation (EFIE). This method utilizes CM-based basis functions (CMBFs) to substantially decrease the number of unknowns, successfully obtaining the eigenvalues with high modal significance (MS) and their associated mode currents. In addition, it constructs multilevel CMBFs by using the truncated mode currents and reducing the matrix size at each level to further reduce both computational costs and memory requirements. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that both the reduced CM equation method and its multilevel strategy can significantly reduce the number of unknowns by over 75% when applied to subdomains containing, on average, more than 300 Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG) basis functions. Although the algorithmic complexity remains unchanged, the proposed method achieves over 70% reduction in computational time compared with the traditional approach for models with fewer than 50 000 unknowns, while maintaining only minor degradation in the accuracy of mode currents.
{"title":"Accelerated Characteristic Mode Analysis With the Multilevel Reduced Characteristic Mode Equation Method","authors":"Xiaoxing Fang;Yunyun Zhang;Ming Jiang;Wen Tian;Jun Hu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3638675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3638675","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a multilevel reduced characteristic mode (CM) method that significantly enhances the efficiency of CM analysis for perfect electric conductor objects formulated with the electric-field integral equation (EFIE). This method utilizes CM-based basis functions (CMBFs) to substantially decrease the number of unknowns, successfully obtaining the eigenvalues with high modal significance (MS) and their associated mode currents. In addition, it constructs multilevel CMBFs by using the truncated mode currents and reducing the matrix size at each level to further reduce both computational costs and memory requirements. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that both the reduced CM equation method and its multilevel strategy can significantly reduce the number of unknowns by over 75% when applied to subdomains containing, on average, more than 300 Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG) basis functions. Although the algorithmic complexity remains unchanged, the proposed method achieves over 70% reduction in computational time compared with the traditional approach for models with fewer than 50 000 unknowns, while maintaining only minor degradation in the accuracy of mode currents.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2893-2898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3638686
Sen Lu;Yizhu Shen;Yifan Ding;Sanming Hu
This communication proposes a D-band antenna design for antenna-in-package (AiP) integration using high-density interconnect (HDI) technology. To meet the requirements of wideband, low profile, and high front-to-back (F/B) ratio in integration applications, the proposed design incorporates a carefully engineered short-ended feed in conjunction with a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole radiator. The short-ended feed supports frequency-insensitive magnetic coupling for broadband excitation, while the ME dipole contributes to the broadband radiation, together enabling the wideband antenna performance. Furthermore, the short-ended feed structure enhances the F/B ratio by suppressing backward radiation. The low-profile configuration is achieved by introducing transversal current paths. A fabricated $4times 4$ antenna array prototype demonstrates a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 37.9% (110–161.5 GHz), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 37% (110–160 GHz), and a peak gain of 16.1 dBi, along with a profile of 0.272 mm ($0.13lambda _{0}$ at 140 GHz), making it a strong candidate for future D-band communication systems.
{"title":"D-Band Wideband Low-Profile Antenna Array With Enhanced Front-to-Back Ratio for AiP Integration","authors":"Sen Lu;Yizhu Shen;Yifan Ding;Sanming Hu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3638686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3638686","url":null,"abstract":"This communication proposes a D-band antenna design for antenna-in-package (AiP) integration using high-density interconnect (HDI) technology. To meet the requirements of wideband, low profile, and high front-to-back (F/B) ratio in integration applications, the proposed design incorporates a carefully engineered short-ended feed in conjunction with a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole radiator. The short-ended feed supports frequency-insensitive magnetic coupling for broadband excitation, while the ME dipole contributes to the broadband radiation, together enabling the wideband antenna performance. Furthermore, the short-ended feed structure enhances the F/B ratio by suppressing backward radiation. The low-profile configuration is achieved by introducing transversal current paths. A fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array prototype demonstrates a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 37.9% (110–161.5 GHz), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 37% (110–160 GHz), and a peak gain of 16.1 dBi, along with a profile of 0.272 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.13lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 140 GHz), making it a strong candidate for future D-band communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2875-2880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this communication, an efficient finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is proposed by combining the leapfrog complying divergence implicit (LCDI) and split-field (SF) schemes to solve the oblique incidence problem of periodic structures. The conventional SF-FDTD (SF-FDTD) is limited by the space discrete and the incident angles. If the incident angle is large, the computational efficiency is low. Thus, the LCDI scheme is introduced to obtain the unconditional stability, further improving computational efficiency. Besides, the formula and detailed implementation of LCDI-SF-FDTD method are presented. Two numerical examples are used to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method offers substantial computational advantages in following two challenging scenarios: 1) periodic structures with fine features and 2) large-angle oblique incidence in periodic media.
本文提出了一种有效的时域有限差分（FDTD）方法，该方法结合了跨越遵从散度隐式（LCDI）和分裂场（SF）格式来求解周期结构的斜入射问题。传统的SF-FDTD （SF-FDTD）受到空间离散和入射角的限制。入射角较大，计算效率较低。因此，引入LCDI方案来获得无条件稳定性，进一步提高了计算效率。此外，还介绍了ldi - sf - fdtd方法的计算公式和具体实现。通过两个算例验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。该方法在以下两种具有挑战性的情况下具有显著的计算优势：1)具有精细特征的周期结构；2)周期介质中的大角度斜入射角。
{"title":"An Efficient LCDI-SF-FDTD Method for Periodic Structures at Oblique Incidence","authors":"Lingpu Zhang;Kaihang Fan;Juan Chen;Ao Peng;Qin Nan;Dongyang Zhou;Chunhui Mou","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639495","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, an efficient finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is proposed by combining the leapfrog complying divergence implicit (LCDI) and split-field (SF) schemes to solve the oblique incidence problem of periodic structures. The conventional SF-FDTD (SF-FDTD) is limited by the space discrete and the incident angles. If the incident angle is large, the computational efficiency is low. Thus, the LCDI scheme is introduced to obtain the unconditional stability, further improving computational efficiency. Besides, the formula and detailed implementation of LCDI-SF-FDTD method are presented. Two numerical examples are used to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method offers substantial computational advantages in following two challenging scenarios: 1) periodic structures with fine features and 2) large-angle oblique incidence in periodic media.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2899-2904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3637563
Yuekun Sun;Chunxu Mao
This communication presents a highly integrated dual-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) shared aperture phased array with reduced profile and cost for L-/S-band satellite communications (SATCOMs). In this work, the radiating patch is shared by the L- and S-band for the first time to realize left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP), respectively. The dual-band operation for each polarization is realized by introducing intensive mutual coupling between the radiator and the resonator through the slots in the ground. The dual CPs in the two bands are achieved by combining the two orthogonal polarizations of the same band using a power divider with a 90° phase difference. To improve the cross-band isolations, two groups of split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different resonances are adopted. Besides, the analysis method of equivalent circuit is adopted to investigate the mechanism of the proposed design. Based on the element design, a four-element phased array is developed and a self-rotating method is analyzed and used to improve the axial ratio (AR) performance. The $1times 4$ L-/S-band dual-CP shared aperture phased array is prototyped and verified, demonstrating the impedance bandwidths from 1.67 to 1.76 GHz and from 2.11 to 2.29 GHz for the L-band and S-band operation, respectively. The 3-dB AR bandwidths for the L-/S-bands are 1.68–1.75 and 2.17–2.24 GHz, respectively. The measured results also show a good beam-scanning ability of ±50° in both bands with a scanning loss of about 3 dB.
{"title":"A Low-Cost Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna With Shared-Radiator for L-/S-Band Phased Array Applications","authors":"Yuekun Sun;Chunxu Mao","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3637563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3637563","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a highly integrated dual-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) shared aperture phased array with reduced profile and cost for L-/S<italic>-</i>band satellite communications (SATCOMs). In this work, the radiating patch is shared by the L- and S-band for the first time to realize left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP), respectively. The dual-band operation for each polarization is realized by introducing intensive mutual coupling between the radiator and the resonator through the slots in the ground. The dual CPs in the two bands are achieved by combining the two orthogonal polarizations of the same band using a power divider with a 90° phase difference. To improve the cross-band isolations, two groups of split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different resonances are adopted. Besides, the analysis method of equivalent circuit is adopted to investigate the mechanism of the proposed design. Based on the element design, a four-element phased array is developed and a self-rotating method is analyzed and used to improve the axial ratio (AR) performance. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> L-/S-band dual-CP shared aperture phased array is prototyped and verified, demonstrating the impedance bandwidths from 1.67 to 1.76 GHz and from 2.11 to 2.29 GHz for the L-band and S-band operation, respectively. The 3-dB AR bandwidths for the L-/S-bands are 1.68–1.75 and 2.17–2.24 GHz, respectively. The measured results also show a good beam-scanning ability of ±50° in both bands with a scanning loss of about 3 dB.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2815-2820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3636181
Bingqian Zhang;Kaihang Fan;Juan Chen;Siyu Wu
A conformal near-field focused (NFF) antenna array with small-sized focal spots operating at 915 MHz is proposed for microwave hyperthermia. The proposed conformal array consists of $2times 4$ identical microstrip antenna elements with a hemispherical spatial distribution. By applying different excitation signal phases to the eight elements, the focal location of the antenna array can be adjusted, making it suitable for diverse tumor locations. When the total input power of the array is 90 W, the maximum temperature at the focal spot reaches $44.8~^{circ }$ C, effectively destroying cancer cells. The −3-dB power density focal spot size is approximately $0.64lambda times 0.63lambda times 0.43lambda $ , which is smaller than that of other NFF antenna arrays with the same number of elements, thereby reducing damage to surrounding healthy cells. Furthermore, the simulation and measurement of focal spots are conducted in tissue-mimicking environments that more closely resemble actual biological conditions. This enhances the therapeutic precision of microwave hyperthermia treatments. The simulation analysis and experimental results confirm that the proposed conformal antenna array can provide a promising alternative solution for microwave hyperthermia.
{"title":"A Conformal Antenna Array With Small-Sized Focal Spots for Hyperthermia","authors":"Bingqian Zhang;Kaihang Fan;Juan Chen;Siyu Wu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3636181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3636181","url":null,"abstract":"A conformal near-field focused (NFF) antenna array with small-sized focal spots operating at 915 MHz is proposed for microwave hyperthermia. The proposed conformal array consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> identical microstrip antenna elements with a hemispherical spatial distribution. By applying different excitation signal phases to the eight elements, the focal location of the antenna array can be adjusted, making it suitable for diverse tumor locations. When the total input power of the array is 90 W, the maximum temperature at the focal spot reaches <inline-formula> <tex-math>$44.8~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, effectively destroying cancer cells. The −3-dB power density focal spot size is approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.64lambda times 0.63lambda times 0.43lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is smaller than that of other NFF antenna arrays with the same number of elements, thereby reducing damage to surrounding healthy cells. Furthermore, the simulation and measurement of focal spots are conducted in tissue-mimicking environments that more closely resemble actual biological conditions. This enhances the therapeutic precision of microwave hyperthermia treatments. The simulation analysis and experimental results confirm that the proposed conformal antenna array can provide a promising alternative solution for microwave hyperthermia.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2137-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3636180
Yangkun Zhu;Wenquan Cao;Huangshu Zhou;Yixin Tong;Jiemin Jing;Chuang Wang
A broadband low-sidelobe high-efficiency linear-to-circular polarization (CP) conversion metasurface (MS) with independent amplitude and phase control is proposed in this communication. Based on the receivetransmit (RT) structure, a guided-wave layer with a multistage stepped impedance stripline is introduced in the middle layer. This structure exploits the impedance mismatch mechanism to achieve independent regulation of transmission amplitude. At the same time, continuous phase adjustment across a wide frequency range is enabled by rotating the transmitter patch (TP). Additionally, the design offers adaptability to various incident wave polarizations by replacing the receiver patch (RP) with one exhibiting suitable polarization characteristics, without modifying the amplitudephase control mode and the polarization state of the transmitted wave. Measured results demonstrate that the proposed MS antenna achieves a gain of 27 dBic, with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 36.1%, and achieves low-sidelobe levels (SLLs) of −26.9 dB (xoz-plane)/−27.1 dB (yoz-plane) at 14.5 GHz, while obtaining a high aperture efficiency (AE) of 40.8%. The proposed transmissive MS exhibits significant potential in radar and future wireless communication systems.
提出了一种具有独立幅度和相位控制的宽带低旁瓣高效线圆极化转换超表面（MS）。在收发结构的基础上，在中间层引入了带多级阶跃阻抗带状线的导波层。该结构利用阻抗失配机制实现传输幅值的独立调节。同时，通过旋转发射机贴片（TP），可以实现宽频率范围内的连续相位调整。此外，该设计通过将接收贴片（RP）替换为具有合适偏振特性的贴片，在不改变发射波的幅相控制模式和偏振状态的情况下，提供了对各种入射波偏振的适应性。测量结果表明，该天线的增益为27 dBic， 3db增益带宽为36.1%，14.5 GHz时的低旁瓣电平（SLLs）为−26.9 dB （xz面）/−27.1 dB （yoz面），孔径效率（AE）高达40.8%。所提出的传输MS在雷达和未来的无线通信系统中显示出巨大的潜力。
{"title":"A Broadband Low-Sidelobe High-Efficiency Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion Metasurface With Independent Amplitude/Phase Control","authors":"Yangkun Zhu;Wenquan Cao;Huangshu Zhou;Yixin Tong;Jiemin Jing;Chuang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3636180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3636180","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband low-sidelobe high-efficiency linear-to-circular polarization (CP) conversion metasurface (MS) with independent amplitude and phase control is proposed in this communication. Based on the receivetransmit (RT) structure, a guided-wave layer with a multistage stepped impedance stripline is introduced in the middle layer. This structure exploits the impedance mismatch mechanism to achieve independent regulation of transmission amplitude. At the same time, continuous phase adjustment across a wide frequency range is enabled by rotating the transmitter patch (TP). Additionally, the design offers adaptability to various incident wave polarizations by replacing the receiver patch (RP) with one exhibiting suitable polarization characteristics, without modifying the amplitudephase control mode and the polarization state of the transmitted wave. Measured results demonstrate that the proposed MS antenna achieves a gain of 27 dBic, with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 36.1%, and achieves low-sidelobe levels (SLLs) of −26.9 dB (xoz-plane)/−27.1 dB (yoz-plane) at 14.5 GHz, while obtaining a high aperture efficiency (AE) of 40.8%. The proposed transmissive MS exhibits significant potential in radar and future wireless communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2857-2862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3632899
Haiyang Wang;Yue Li;Zhijun Zhang
In this communication, a dual-fundamental-mode dual-band open cavity antenna loaded with frequency-selective radiating (FSR) slots is proposed. A row of FSR slots is etched onto both the top and bottom metal layers of cavity, forming frequency-selective apertures. At the low band (LB), the slots do not resonate and behave approximately as short circuits, while at the high band (HB), the slots resonate and are equivalent to open circuits. For the cavity antenna loaded with FSR slots, it behaves as a large cavity at LB and as a small cavity at HB. The cavity operates in the fundamental mode TE${}_{1/2,1,0}$ at both bands. By adjusting the cavity width $w_{1}$ , the LB resonance can be tuned without affecting the HB performance, which allows for flexible control of the frequency ratio without iterative optimization. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the proposed concept. The measured −6-dB impedance bandwidth at LB is 2.40–2.52 GHz, and the −10-dB bandwidth at HB is 5.14–6.20 GHz. The measured gains are 5.5 dBi at LB and 9.5 dBi at HB. The proposed antenna demonstrates strong potential for Wi-Fi 6 applications.
{"title":"Dual-Fundamental-Mode TE1/2,1,0 Dual-Band Open Cavity Antenna Loaded With Frequency-Selective Radiating Slots","authors":"Haiyang Wang;Yue Li;Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3632899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3632899","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a dual-fundamental-mode dual-band open cavity antenna loaded with frequency-selective radiating (FSR) slots is proposed. A row of FSR slots is etched onto both the top and bottom metal layers of cavity, forming frequency-selective apertures. At the low band (LB), the slots do not resonate and behave approximately as short circuits, while at the high band (HB), the slots resonate and are equivalent to open circuits. For the cavity antenna loaded with FSR slots, it behaves as a large cavity at LB and as a small cavity at HB. The cavity operates in the fundamental mode TE<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{1/2,1,0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at both bands. By adjusting the cavity width <inline-formula> <tex-math>$w_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the LB resonance can be tuned without affecting the HB performance, which allows for flexible control of the frequency ratio without iterative optimization. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the proposed concept. The measured −6-dB impedance bandwidth at LB is 2.40–2.52 GHz, and the −10-dB bandwidth at HB is 5.14–6.20 GHz. The measured gains are 5.5 dBi at LB and 9.5 dBi at HB. The proposed antenna demonstrates strong potential for Wi-Fi 6 applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2131-2136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3634202
Yuan Geng;Jin Pan;Sihao Liu;Yanhui Liu;Deqiang Yang
A filtering tightly coupled dipole array (F-TCDA) is presented. More importantly, the single-PCB fabricated low-profile F-TCDA can achieve dual-polarization ultrawideband and wide-angle scanning simultaneously. The proposed array attains out-of-band filtering through an innovative, compact, single-layer feeding network with a stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). Meanwhile, the reasons for the deterioration of the orthogonal port isolation are analyzed, and mitigation methods are proposed. Moreover, the wide-angle scanning capability is significantly improved by introducing a double-layer frequency-selective surface (FSS). According to simulation results, the proposed F-TCDA achieves a bandwidth of 6.1:1 (0.32–1.95 GHz) for 60° E/H-plane scanning with the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) <3.2,> $0.11~lambda _{text{low}}$ at the lowest operating frequency, and the orthogonal port isolation in the operating band is better than 17.2 dB at the broadside. To validate the design, an $8times 8$ tightly coupled array prototype is fabricated, and the measured results are consistent with the simulation results.
{"title":"A Filtering Tightly Coupled Dipole Array With High Performance of Dual Polarization, Ultrawideband, and Wide-Angle Scanning","authors":"Yuan Geng;Jin Pan;Sihao Liu;Yanhui Liu;Deqiang Yang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3634202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3634202","url":null,"abstract":"A filtering tightly coupled dipole array (F-TCDA) is presented. More importantly, the single-PCB fabricated low-profile F-TCDA can achieve dual-polarization ultrawideband and wide-angle scanning simultaneously. The proposed array attains out-of-band filtering through an innovative, compact, single-layer feeding network with a stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). Meanwhile, the reasons for the deterioration of the orthogonal port isolation are analyzed, and mitigation methods are proposed. Moreover, the wide-angle scanning capability is significantly improved by introducing a double-layer frequency-selective surface (FSS). According to simulation results, the proposed F-TCDA achieves a bandwidth of 6.1:1 (0.32–1.95 GHz) for 60° E/H-plane scanning with the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) <3.2,> <tex-math>$0.11~lambda _{text{low}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the lowest operating frequency, and the orthogonal port isolation in the operating band is better than 17.2 dB at the broadside. To validate the design, an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tightly coupled array prototype is fabricated, and the measured results are consistent with the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2185-2190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3634229
Michael Katsav;Ehud Heyman
This communication investigates the scattering of beam waves by a planar surface with an impedance discontinuity, emphasizing the case where the beam impinges near the discontinuity. Two key phenomena are analyzed: the reflected field, which exhibits a smooth transition between partial beam reflections across the discontinuity, and the excitation of surface waves (SWs), which is shown to be significantly stronger—by orders of magnitude—than conventional SW excitation mechanisms. We formulate the exact Sommerfeld–Malyuzhinets (SMs) double spectral integral solution, and then derive a uniform asymptotic solution applicable to near-discontinuity beam incidence. The asymptotic solution demonstrates excellent agreement with numerical evaluations of the exact integral and offers a compact representation of the underlying wave physics. The strong SW excitation produced by collimated beams incident near the discontinuity suggests potential applications in SW antenna systems, including illumination by multiple remote collimated sources, highlighting the significance of the results.
{"title":"Complex-Source Beam Diffraction by a Surface of Impedance Discontinuity: Exact and Uniform Asymptotic Solutions and Surface-Wave Excitation","authors":"Michael Katsav;Ehud Heyman","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3634229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3634229","url":null,"abstract":"This communication investigates the scattering of beam waves by a planar surface with an impedance discontinuity, emphasizing the case where the beam impinges near the discontinuity. Two key phenomena are analyzed: the reflected field, which exhibits a smooth transition between partial beam reflections across the discontinuity, and the excitation of surface waves (SWs), which is shown to be significantly stronger—by orders of magnitude—than conventional SW excitation mechanisms. We formulate the exact Sommerfeld–Malyuzhinets (SMs) double spectral integral solution, and then derive a uniform asymptotic solution applicable to near-discontinuity beam incidence. The asymptotic solution demonstrates excellent agreement with numerical evaluations of the exact integral and offers a compact representation of the underlying wave physics. The strong SW excitation produced by collimated beams incident near the discontinuity suggests potential applications in SW antenna systems, including illumination by multiple remote collimated sources, highlighting the significance of the results.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2215-2220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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