Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3463881
M. A. Fuentes-Pascual;Miguel Ferrando-Rocher;J. I. Herranz-Herruzo;Mariano Baquero-Escudero
The communication explores the development of a Nolen matrix (NM) operating at 26 GHz (25.25–26.75 GHz) using E-plane rectangular waveguides (RWs). The Nolen network comprises five coaxial input ports and seven outputs, each linked to a linear array of nine elements. This design yields a compact fully metallic $7 times 9$ slot array with low profile, high efficiency, and beam-switching capabilities. Experimental results closely align with theoretical and simulated data, demonstrating gain values surpassing 21 dBi and measured total mean efficiencies of 80% across all scenarios. Moreover, the antenna’s steering ranges from −40° to +35°. Given its performance and frequency versatility, potential applications for this antenna include wireless communications, radar systems, satellite communications, and remote sensing.
该通信探讨了利用 E 平面矩形波导（RW）开发工作频率为 26 GHz（25.25-26.75 GHz）的诺伦矩阵（NM）。诺伦网络包括五个同轴输入端口和七个输出端口，每个端口都与一个由九个元件组成的线性阵列相连。这种设计产生了一个结构紧凑的全金属 $7 times 9$ 槽阵列，具有低剖面、高效率和波束切换能力。实验结果与理论和模拟数据非常吻合，显示增益值超过 21 dBi，在所有情况下测得的总平均效率为 80%。此外，该天线的转向范围为 -40° 至 +35°。鉴于其性能和频率通用性，该天线的潜在应用领域包括无线通信、雷达系统、卫星通信和遥感。
{"title":"Five-Beam Fully Metallic Nolen Matrix-Based Array Antenna for 5G Applications at 26 GHz","authors":"M. A. Fuentes-Pascual;Miguel Ferrando-Rocher;J. I. Herranz-Herruzo;Mariano Baquero-Escudero","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3463881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3463881","url":null,"abstract":"The communication explores the development of a Nolen matrix (NM) operating at 26 GHz (25.25–26.75 GHz) using E-plane rectangular waveguides (RWs). The Nolen network comprises five coaxial input ports and seven outputs, each linked to a linear array of nine elements. This design yields a compact fully metallic \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7 times 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 slot array with low profile, high efficiency, and beam-switching capabilities. Experimental results closely align with theoretical and simulated data, demonstrating gain values surpassing 21 dBi and measured total mean efficiencies of 80% across all scenarios. Moreover, the antenna’s steering ranges from −40° to +35°. Given its performance and frequency versatility, potential applications for this antenna include wireless communications, radar systems, satellite communications, and remote sensing.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8852-8857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3463168
Glenn Iwasa;Emad Gad;Derek A. McNamara
This article presents a new approach to solving the time-domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE). The proposed method develops the notion of problem-independent numerical inversion of the Laplace transform (NILT), which is known in circuit simulation, into a complete time-stepping procedure suitable for the solution of the TD-EFIE. The key advantages of NILT, in terms of the high-order temporal representation and numerical stability, are maintained in the proposed method. More importantly, NILT does not require recursive convolution due to its being entirely based on the method-of-moment (MoM) solution of the Laplace-domain form of the EFIE. Several examples are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed method.
{"title":"TD-EFIE Method-of-Moments Solution Using the Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform With Time-Stepping Re-Initialization","authors":"Glenn Iwasa;Emad Gad;Derek A. McNamara","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3463168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3463168","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new approach to solving the time-domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE). The proposed method develops the notion of problem-independent numerical inversion of the Laplace transform (NILT), which is known in circuit simulation, into a complete time-stepping procedure suitable for the solution of the TD-EFIE. The key advantages of NILT, in terms of the high-order temporal representation and numerical stability, are maintained in the proposed method. More importantly, NILT does not require recursive convolution due to its being entirely based on the method-of-moment (MoM) solution of the Laplace-domain form of the EFIE. Several examples are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8655-8668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3461955
Hongwei Ren;Juan Chen;Penghao Feng;Buyun Wang;Guy A. E. Vandenbosch;Sen Yan
A novel surface integral equation (SIE)-based sub-structure characteristic mode (CM) formulation is proposed. By defining radiation and dissipation matrices appropriately, the eigenvalues of the sub-structure generalized eigenvalue equation (SSGEE) are always complex with clear physical insights. If the selected main radiator is lossless, the imaginary part of the eigenvalue represents the generalized modal radiation efficiency while the real part can directly reflect the resonance characteristic of each CM. If the selected main radiator is lossy, the generalized modal radiation efficiency can also be obtained through the proposed SSGEE and some other simple steps. Furthermore, the SSGEE based on the combined field integral equation (CFIE) has also been developed to address the difficulties of internal resonance in CM analysis. The proposed SSGEEs are valid for composite objects that touch each other by employing the contact-region modeling (CRM) method.
本文提出了一种新颖的基于表面积分方程（SIE）的子结构特征模态（CM）公式。通过适当定义辐射和耗散矩阵，子结构广义特征值方程（SSGEE）的特征值总是复杂的，具有清晰的物理意义。如果所选的主辐射器是无损的，则特征值的虚部代表广义模态辐射效率，而实部可直接反映每个 CM 的共振特性。如果所选的主辐射器是有损耗的，则也可以通过所提出的 SSGEE 和其他一些简单步骤获得广义模态辐射效率。此外，还开发了基于组合场积分方程（CFIE）的 SSGEE，以解决 CM 分析中内部共振的难题。通过采用接触区建模（CRM）方法，所提出的 SSGEE 对相互接触的复合物体有效。
{"title":"Novel Surface Integral Equation-Based Sub-Structure Characteristic Mode Formulations for Lossy Composite Objects","authors":"Hongwei Ren;Juan Chen;Penghao Feng;Buyun Wang;Guy A. E. Vandenbosch;Sen Yan","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3461955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3461955","url":null,"abstract":"A novel surface integral equation (SIE)-based sub-structure characteristic mode (CM) formulation is proposed. By defining radiation and dissipation matrices appropriately, the eigenvalues of the sub-structure generalized eigenvalue equation (SSGEE) are always complex with clear physical insights. If the selected main radiator is lossless, the imaginary part of the eigenvalue represents the generalized modal radiation efficiency while the real part can directly reflect the resonance characteristic of each CM. If the selected main radiator is lossy, the generalized modal radiation efficiency can also be obtained through the proposed SSGEE and some other simple steps. Furthermore, the SSGEE based on the combined field integral equation (CFIE) has also been developed to address the difficulties of internal resonance in CM analysis. The proposed SSGEEs are valid for composite objects that touch each other by employing the contact-region modeling (CRM) method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8893-8898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3461163
Giovanni Riccio;Flaminio Ferrara;Gianluca Gennarelli;Rocco Guerriero;Francesco Chiadini
The reflection and transmission of plane waves due to a truncated anisotropic chiral slab are studied and followed by a uniform asymptotic solution of the diffraction contribution within the physical optics approximation. The material is characterized by a chirality parameter and possesses an optical axis normal to the planar surfaces. The structure is surrounded by free space, and the incidence direction is oblique with respect to the edge. A bounce diagram approach is applied to evaluate reflection and transmission matrices related to the ordinary plane of incidence. The uniform asymptotic physical optics (UAPO) approach is then exploited to obtain the diffraction matrix to be used in accordance with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD). The proposed solution is validated via comparisons with a full-wave electromagnetic solver.
{"title":"Reflection, Transmission and Diffraction by Lossless Anisotropic Chiral Sheets","authors":"Giovanni Riccio;Flaminio Ferrara;Gianluca Gennarelli;Rocco Guerriero;Francesco Chiadini","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3461163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3461163","url":null,"abstract":"The reflection and transmission of plane waves due to a truncated anisotropic chiral slab are studied and followed by a uniform asymptotic solution of the diffraction contribution within the physical optics approximation. The material is characterized by a chirality parameter and possesses an optical axis normal to the planar surfaces. The structure is surrounded by free space, and the incidence direction is oblique with respect to the edge. A bounce diagram approach is applied to evaluate reflection and transmission matrices related to the ordinary plane of incidence. The uniform asymptotic physical optics (UAPO) approach is then exploited to obtain the diffraction matrix to be used in accordance with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD). The proposed solution is validated via comparisons with a full-wave electromagnetic solver.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8719-8727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a heuristic best-fitting-paraboloid (BFPH) method, tailored for reflector antennas subject to gravitational distortion. First, the best fitting problem is formulated a nonlinear least-squares problem (NLSP) for the distorted reflector, wherein three heuristic rules (DRs), crucial for the problem at hand, are derived based on two typical distortion modes observed in antennas. Then, a suitable optimization algorithm is employed to solve the NLSP, in which a customized strategy is developed for the definition of the initial value in order to guarantee effective and reliable final solutions. A set of numerical results are reported and discussed to demonstrate the superior performance of the BFPH method in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods. More specifically, it supplies higher antenna gain, reduced pointing error, enhanced robustness, and better symmetry in the far-field pattern.
{"title":"Heuristic Best-Fitting-Paraboloid Method for Gravity-Distorted Reflector Antennas","authors":"Guodong Tan;Qunbiao Wang;Paolo Rocca;Xuechao Duan;Dongwu Yang;Shufei Feng;Guangda Chen","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3455794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3455794","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a heuristic best-fitting-paraboloid (BFPH) method, tailored for reflector antennas subject to gravitational distortion. First, the best fitting problem is formulated a nonlinear least-squares problem (NLSP) for the distorted reflector, wherein three heuristic rules (DRs), crucial for the problem at hand, are derived based on two typical distortion modes observed in antennas. Then, a suitable optimization algorithm is employed to solve the NLSP, in which a customized strategy is developed for the definition of the initial value in order to guarantee effective and reliable final solutions. A set of numerical results are reported and discussed to demonstrate the superior performance of the BFPH method in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods. More specifically, it supplies higher antenna gain, reduced pointing error, enhanced robustness, and better symmetry in the far-field pattern.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8215-8227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3461175
Yang-Yang Li;Huai-Ci Zhao;Peng-Fei Liu;Guo-Gang Wang
The inverse scattering problems (ISPs) refer to reconstructing properties of unknown scatterers from measured scattered fields, and their solving process is inherently complex and fraught with various difficulties. In response to these challenges, a solver operating in a Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) manner is proposed, which uses variational inference, wavelet tree structure, and an improved linear relationship. Specifically, the BCS enables sparsity regularization; the improved linear relationship possessing cross-validation information (CVI) is designed to reduce error propagation and enable the solver to work in an iterative manner; the utilization of a wavelet tree structure based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) can implement sparse coding and provide more prior information; variational inference is exploited to estimate parameters and hyperparameters in the BCS manner. Theoretical analysis and representative numerical results from synthetic and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed solver showcases superior performance when compared with other competitive solvers based on a BCS manner or contrast source inversion (CSI), especially in reconstructing complex configurations characterized by nonsparse and nonweak scatterers.
{"title":"Bayesian Compressive Sensing With Variational Inference and Wavelet Tree Structure for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems","authors":"Yang-Yang Li;Huai-Ci Zhao;Peng-Fei Liu;Guo-Gang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3461175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3461175","url":null,"abstract":"The inverse scattering problems (ISPs) refer to reconstructing properties of unknown scatterers from measured scattered fields, and their solving process is inherently complex and fraught with various difficulties. In response to these challenges, a solver operating in a Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) manner is proposed, which uses variational inference, wavelet tree structure, and an improved linear relationship. Specifically, the BCS enables sparsity regularization; the improved linear relationship possessing cross-validation information (CVI) is designed to reduce error propagation and enable the solver to work in an iterative manner; the utilization of a wavelet tree structure based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) can implement sparse coding and provide more prior information; variational inference is exploited to estimate parameters and hyperparameters in the BCS manner. Theoretical analysis and representative numerical results from synthetic and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed solver showcases superior performance when compared with other competitive solvers based on a BCS manner or contrast source inversion (CSI), especially in reconstructing complex configurations characterized by nonsparse and nonweak scatterers.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8750-8761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3460193
Erdem Üregen;Ali Yapar
This article presents a new physical linearization technique for inverse scattering problems (ISPs) and an algorithm that integrates this technique with the Newton method. It is shown that focusing the incident field reduces the nonlinearity of the problem, enabling successful reconstructions in high resolution. In addition, the algorithm effectively integrates the focusing approach into the Newton method. With this contribution, the multiple scattering effect due to the whole investigation domain is suppressed, and thus, nonlinear and ill-posed nature of the problem is mitigated. Also, the algorithm eliminates the need for an accurate initial guess since it constructs the required initial guesses through the iterative process. Several numerical tests demonstrating the effectiveness of the focusing concept and the algorithm are conducted. It is shown that the proposed method provides successful reconstructions in which the conventional multi-incidence Newton solution fails. Besides, not only are the reconstruction errors substantially reduced, but the computation times are also decreased by approximately a factor of 3. In addition, the proposed method performs robustly against noise up to 20%.
{"title":"Focusing-Based Newton Solution for Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems","authors":"Erdem Üregen;Ali Yapar","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3460193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3460193","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new physical linearization technique for inverse scattering problems (ISPs) and an algorithm that integrates this technique with the Newton method. It is shown that focusing the incident field reduces the nonlinearity of the problem, enabling successful reconstructions in high resolution. In addition, the algorithm effectively integrates the focusing approach into the Newton method. With this contribution, the multiple scattering effect due to the whole investigation domain is suppressed, and thus, nonlinear and ill-posed nature of the problem is mitigated. Also, the algorithm eliminates the need for an accurate initial guess since it constructs the required initial guesses through the iterative process. Several numerical tests demonstrating the effectiveness of the focusing concept and the algorithm are conducted. It is shown that the proposed method provides successful reconstructions in which the conventional multi-incidence Newton solution fails. Besides, not only are the reconstruction errors substantially reduced, but the computation times are also decreased by approximately a factor of 3. In addition, the proposed method performs robustly against noise up to 20%.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8611-8620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3460179
Meijun Qu;Kai Zhang;Jianxun Su;Ying Li;Li Deng;Xiuping Li
In this article, an enhanced diffractive neural network is proposed for achieving metasurface holograms with high resolution, low noise, and uniform intensity. First, we prove the feasibility of Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory on a subwavelength scale. Based on this theory, the fully connected diffraction layer is constructed to build a high-resolution diffractive neural network (HR-DNN). Due to the capability of the diffraction layer in precisely manipulating subwavelength electromagnetic (EM) waves, high-resolution holographic imaging of complex patterns can be realized. In addition, a postprocessing method is particularly designed to separate clean target images from noisy holograms without reference assistance. The metrics, such as imaging efficiency (IE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM), are defined to estimate the imaging quality of the proposed HR-DNN-based holographic imaging system. Three types of complex patterns (airplane, phrase “WORLD PEACE 0921,” Olympic rings) are performed in the full-wave simulation, as well as the imaging results are highly recognizable with low-noise and uniform-intensity features. Compared with the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, the proposed HR-DNN gains significant improvements in IE (241.6%), PSNR (45.6%), and SSIM (44.0%). Finally, a metasurface with $30lambda times 30lambda $ based on 3-D printing technology is fabricated to image the Olympic rings. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated and target ones. Therefore, the proposed HR-DNN can provide a pathway for high-resolution metasurface holograms.
{"title":"An Enhanced Diffractive Neural Network for Metasurface Holograms With High Resolution, Low Noise, and Uniform Intensity","authors":"Meijun Qu;Kai Zhang;Jianxun Su;Ying Li;Li Deng;Xiuping Li","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3460179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3460179","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an enhanced diffractive neural network is proposed for achieving metasurface holograms with high resolution, low noise, and uniform intensity. First, we prove the feasibility of Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory on a subwavelength scale. Based on this theory, the fully connected diffraction layer is constructed to build a high-resolution diffractive neural network (HR-DNN). Due to the capability of the diffraction layer in precisely manipulating subwavelength electromagnetic (EM) waves, high-resolution holographic imaging of complex patterns can be realized. In addition, a postprocessing method is particularly designed to separate clean target images from noisy holograms without reference assistance. The metrics, such as imaging efficiency (IE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM), are defined to estimate the imaging quality of the proposed HR-DNN-based holographic imaging system. Three types of complex patterns (airplane, phrase “WORLD PEACE 0921,” Olympic rings) are performed in the full-wave simulation, as well as the imaging results are highly recognizable with low-noise and uniform-intensity features. Compared with the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, the proposed HR-DNN gains significant improvements in IE (241.6%), PSNR (45.6%), and SSIM (44.0%). Finally, a metasurface with \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$30lambda times 30lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 based on 3-D printing technology is fabricated to image the Olympic rings. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated and target ones. Therefore, the proposed HR-DNN can provide a pathway for high-resolution metasurface holograms.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8600-8610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3457149
Lucia Teodorani;Marcello Zucchi;Giuseppe Vecchi
In this work we present an automatic, deterministic procedure to fully design an isotropic metasurface antenna, self-consistently including the metallic feeding structure. The impedance pattern has full spatial variability in two dimensions, to allow designs otherwise difficult. The design is based on the integral-equation formulation with a current-only approach, in which the surface impedance profile is derived only after the optimal current is found; this allows to avoid the solution of the forward problem at all steps of the algorithm, with a drastic reduction of computational resources; it does not require any assumption on the impedance profile. We also show how a 3-D feed can be accounted for in a hybrid scheme partially employing commercial 3-D simulation software. Application examples address center-fed circular metasurface antennas, in which the feed is not connected to the metasurface, and rectangular “strip-like” leaky wave antennas (LWAs) where the metasurface is electrically connected to the feeding surface. In all cases, the design is carried out up to the final layout, and the full antenna is simulated to verify the design.
{"title":"Generalized Deterministic Automated Design of Metasurface Antennas With 3-D Feeding Structures","authors":"Lucia Teodorani;Marcello Zucchi;Giuseppe Vecchi","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3457149","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3457149","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present an automatic, deterministic procedure to fully design an isotropic metasurface antenna, self-consistently including the metallic feeding structure. The impedance pattern has full spatial variability in two dimensions, to allow designs otherwise difficult. The design is based on the integral-equation formulation with a current-only approach, in which the surface impedance profile is derived only after the optimal current is found; this allows to avoid the solution of the forward problem at all steps of the algorithm, with a drastic reduction of computational resources; it does not require any assumption on the impedance profile. We also show how a 3-D feed can be accounted for in a hybrid scheme partially employing commercial 3-D simulation software. Application examples address center-fed circular metasurface antennas, in which the feed is not connected to the metasurface, and rectangular “strip-like” leaky wave antennas (LWAs) where the metasurface is electrically connected to the feeding surface. In all cases, the design is carried out up to the final layout, and the full antenna is simulated to verify the design.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8135-8150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10684076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3459617
Vivek Kumar Srivastava;Arhum Ahmad;Ashwani Sharma
This article presents an array of overlapped coil transmitter antenna for localizing and generating desired magnetic beams toward the localized receiver to address misalignment problems in near-field wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. For this purpose, a time-divisional approach is employed to obtain the voltage samples from the moving receiver for predicting the position and orientation of the receiver using a machine-learning algorithm. In contrast, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to obtain the optimal current distribution to construct a magnetic beam in the receiver direction. The proposed transmitter is also optimized to attain a highly nonuniform magnetic field distribution to improve the localization sensitivity and generate a sharp magnetic beam toward the receiver. The proposed transmitter is fabricated using a high-frequency litz wire and excited using a single source of excitation and switching circuitry. The switching circuitry enables the extraction of voltage samples for localization purposes and constructs the desired magnetic beam. The performance of the fabricated prototype is measured experimentally, which corroborates with analytical results. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed transmitter to achieve a misalignment-resilient WPT for charging small devices compatible with biomedical implants, wireless endoscopy capsules, and wearable devices.
{"title":"A Machine-Learning-Assisted Localization and Magnetic Field Forming for Wireless Powering of Biomedical Implant Devices","authors":"Vivek Kumar Srivastava;Arhum Ahmad;Ashwani Sharma","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3459617","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3459617","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an array of overlapped coil transmitter antenna for localizing and generating desired magnetic beams toward the localized receiver to address misalignment problems in near-field wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. For this purpose, a time-divisional approach is employed to obtain the voltage samples from the moving receiver for predicting the position and orientation of the receiver using a machine-learning algorithm. In contrast, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to obtain the optimal current distribution to construct a magnetic beam in the receiver direction. The proposed transmitter is also optimized to attain a highly nonuniform magnetic field distribution to improve the localization sensitivity and generate a sharp magnetic beam toward the receiver. The proposed transmitter is fabricated using a high-frequency litz wire and excited using a single source of excitation and switching circuitry. The switching circuitry enables the extraction of voltage samples for localization purposes and constructs the desired magnetic beam. The performance of the fabricated prototype is measured experimentally, which corroborates with analytical results. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed transmitter to achieve a misalignment-resilient WPT for charging small devices compatible with biomedical implants, wireless endoscopy capsules, and wearable devices.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 11","pages":"8590-8599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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