Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3640576
{"title":"Institutional Listings","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3640576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3640576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 12","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11306158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3642422
Tanjian Yang;Yue Li;Zhijun Zhang
A compact tri-patch multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for Wi-Fi band applications is proposed in this communication. Different from traditional patch decoupling methods, a novel low-loss decoupling approach for a tri-patch based on the mode-matching method is proposed. Three active modes, forming a full-rank $3times 3$ mode matrix, are utilized to match and decouple the three ports of the tri-patch antenna. Theoretical derivation reveals that mode matrix bridges the passive and active S-parameter matrices. The active impedance matching of all ports is achieved in a straightforward step-by-step process by exploiting the different modes of the tri-patch antenna. Notably, a low-loss patch mode is discovered during the process, avoiding the use of conventional high-loss slot mode for decoupling and improving the total efficiency of the tri-patch antenna system. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the low-loss characteristic and decoupling performance. The measured ${S} _{11}$ covers 2.38–2.52 GHz, and ${S} _{22}$ spans 2.4–2.54 GHz, ${S} _{21} lt -21$ dB, and ${S} _{31} lt -30$ dB in the operational band. The total efficiencies range from 80% to 88% within the operational band, significantly exceeding the slot-mode peak efficiencies of 70% (Port 1) and 60% (Port 2). The proposed compact tri-patch MIMO antenna shows great potential for MIMO systems, and the mode-matching method provides a novel matching and intuitive decoupling approach for multiple antenna or array systems.
{"title":"Decoupling of Compact Tri-Patch MIMO Antenna Based on Mode-Matching Method","authors":"Tanjian Yang;Yue Li;Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3642422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3642422","url":null,"abstract":"A compact tri-patch multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for Wi-Fi band applications is proposed in this communication. Different from traditional patch decoupling methods, a novel low-loss decoupling approach for a tri-patch based on the mode-matching method is proposed. Three active modes, forming a full-rank <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode matrix, are utilized to match and decouple the three ports of the tri-patch antenna. Theoretical derivation reveals that mode matrix bridges the passive and active S-parameter matrices. The active impedance matching of all ports is achieved in a straightforward step-by-step process by exploiting the different modes of the tri-patch antenna. Notably, a low-loss patch mode is discovered during the process, avoiding the use of conventional high-loss slot mode for decoupling and improving the total efficiency of the tri-patch antenna system. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the low-loss characteristic and decoupling performance. The measured <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> covers 2.38–2.52 GHz, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> spans 2.4–2.54 GHz, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{21} lt -21$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{31} lt -30$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB in the operational band. The total efficiencies range from 80% to 88% within the operational band, significantly exceeding the slot-mode peak efficiencies of 70% (Port 1) and 60% (Port 2). The proposed compact tri-patch MIMO antenna shows great potential for MIMO systems, and the mode-matching method provides a novel matching and intuitive decoupling approach for multiple antenna or array systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2839-2844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3641763
Kexin Chen;Zengdi Bao;Yitao Liu;Yang Li
Due to the unique geometry-dependent control of element amplitudes and phases, accurate and flexible pattern synthesis remains complex and challenging for series-fed microstrip antennas (SFMAs). In this communication, a modified physics-guided generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed to synthesize SFMA geometries for given pattern objectives. This synthesis framework offers higher efficiency and better synthesized patterns compared to traditional metaheuristic algorithms. Additionally, it does not require network pretraining. Moreover, new trapezoidal radiating elements acquiring ultralow reflection over a wide tuning range of coupling coefficients are proposed to maintain the traveling-wave mode, which is essential for accurate pattern control. Unlike other designs, these elements do not require additional reflection-canceling structures, thereby simplifying the antenna structure and synthesis process. Measured results of prototypes with a cosecant-squared (CSC2) pattern and a low-sidelobe pattern show excellent agreement with their respective pattern objective across 79–81 GHz, which validate the effectiveness of the synthesis method and the proposed element.
{"title":"Accurate and Efficient Pattern Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Network for Series-Fed Microstrip Antenna Array With New Elements","authors":"Kexin Chen;Zengdi Bao;Yitao Liu;Yang Li","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3641763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3641763","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the unique geometry-dependent control of element amplitudes and phases, accurate and flexible pattern synthesis remains complex and challenging for series-fed microstrip antennas (SFMAs). In this communication, a modified physics-guided generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed to synthesize SFMA geometries for given pattern objectives. This synthesis framework offers higher efficiency and better synthesized patterns compared to traditional metaheuristic algorithms. Additionally, it does not require network pretraining. Moreover, new trapezoidal radiating elements acquiring ultralow reflection over a wide tuning range of coupling coefficients are proposed to maintain the traveling-wave mode, which is essential for accurate pattern control. Unlike other designs, these elements do not require additional reflection-canceling structures, thereby simplifying the antenna structure and synthesis process. Measured results of prototypes with a cosecant-squared (CSC<sup>2</sup>) pattern and a low-sidelobe pattern show excellent agreement with their respective pattern objective across 79–81 GHz, which validate the effectiveness of the synthesis method and the proposed element.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2833-2838"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3641791
Marco Cruz;Ricardo Olivares;Francisco Pizarro
This communication presents a 3-D-printed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array operating in the K-band, which incorporates a 3-D-printed polarizing radome to achieve circular polarization. The antenna array consists of a $2 times 2$ configuration of cylindrical DRAs, while the radome features a monolithic design with an internal polarizing layer made from an engineered anisotropic material. Both the antenna and the radome were fabricated using a low-cost 3-D-printing process. The measurement results demonstrate that the antenna array with the radome achieves a maximum gain close to 12 dBic. The addition of the radome does not alter the radiation pattern or the maximum gain while successfully introducing right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) with a low axial ratio across the antenna’s 2.7% bandwidth.
{"title":"K-Band 3-D-Printed DRA Array With a Monolithic Polarizing Radome","authors":"Marco Cruz;Ricardo Olivares;Francisco Pizarro","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3641791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3641791","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a 3-D-printed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array operating in the K-band, which incorporates a 3-D-printed polarizing radome to achieve circular polarization. The antenna array consists of a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2 times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> configuration of cylindrical DRAs, while the radome features a monolithic design with an internal polarizing layer made from an engineered anisotropic material. Both the antenna and the radome were fabricated using a low-cost 3-D-printing process. The measurement results demonstrate that the antenna array with the radome achieves a maximum gain close to 12 dBic. The addition of the radome does not alter the radiation pattern or the maximum gain while successfully introducing right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) with a low axial ratio across the antenna’s 2.7% bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2809-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication presents a low-profile 2-D scanning planar phased array antenna (PAA) with large phase-shifted port spacing. To suppress grating lobes and reduce scan loss, a hybrid 2-D flat-topped active element pattern (AEP) shaping approach is employed. In one plane, overlapped linear arrays (OLAs), composed of multiple driven, passive, and coupling patches, shape the aperture field while maintaining a low profile. On the other hand, in the orthogonal plane, passive overlapped feeding networks (POFNs) map each phase-shifted port to multiple OLAs, providing optimized amplitude and phase distributions. In this way, the effective aperture of each phase-shifted port is extended in 2-D and overlaps with those of the other ports, forming near-sinc field distributions that enable 2-D flat-topped AEPs and thus ensure good 2-D scanning performance. A 23–25 GHz prototype with $5times 5$ phase-shifted ports, $lambda _{0}$ port spacing, and a $0.086lambda _{0}$ profile is designed. Measurement results demonstrate a 24.2-dBi peak gain, scanning ranges of ±20°/±20°/±26° in the E, H, and D (diagonal) planes, with grating lobe levels of $le -10.3$ /−11.3/−16.7 dB and scan losses of $le 2.4$ dB. Compared to previous counterparts, this design offers competitive scanning performance while significantly reducing profile and fabrication complexity.
{"title":"Low-Profile 2-D Scanning Planar Phased Array Antenna With Large Phase-Shifted Port Spacing Based on Hybrid 2-D Flat-Topped Active Element Pattern Shaping","authors":"Zhicheng Huang;Shaowei Liao;Haoshen Zhu;Peng Wu;Quan Xue","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639144","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a low-profile 2-D scanning planar phased array antenna (PAA) with large phase-shifted port spacing. To suppress grating lobes and reduce scan loss, a hybrid 2-D flat-topped active element pattern (AEP) shaping approach is employed. In one plane, overlapped linear arrays (OLAs), composed of multiple driven, passive, and coupling patches, shape the aperture field while maintaining a low profile. On the other hand, in the orthogonal plane, passive overlapped feeding networks (POFNs) map each phase-shifted port to multiple OLAs, providing optimized amplitude and phase distributions. In this way, the effective aperture of each phase-shifted port is extended in 2-D and overlaps with those of the other ports, forming near-sinc field distributions that enable 2-D flat-topped AEPs and thus ensure good 2-D scanning performance. A 23–25 GHz prototype with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase-shifted ports, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> port spacing, and a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.086lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> profile is designed. Measurement results demonstrate a 24.2-dBi peak gain, scanning ranges of ±20°/±20°/±26° in the E, H, and D (diagonal) planes, with grating lobe levels of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le -10.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/−11.3/−16.7 dB and scan losses of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 2.4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB. Compared to previous counterparts, this design offers competitive scanning performance while significantly reducing profile and fabrication complexity.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2887-2892"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3639145
Ningning Yan;Jiechen Wang;Fanfei Yang;Yu Luo;Kaixue Ma
In this communication, a wideband filtering circular patch antenna for millimeter-wave (MMW) applications is presented. The mechanisms for controlling each radiation nulls are analyzed, and the frequencies of four radiation nulls can be independently adjusted. First, the potential of the proximity-coupled-fed structure for realizing filtering antennas is explored, where two radiation nulls on both sides of the passband are created through a metallized via connecting the feed and the patch. A stacked patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) based on the substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) are further introduced to enhance the impedance bandwidth and out-of-band suppression, respectively. In addition, a pair of short-circuit vias loaded on the stacked patch effectively reduces cross-polarization and improves gain. The proposed antenna achieves a relative bandwidth of 32.8%, a peak gain of 9.3 dBi, and a low cross-polarization level of −25 dB. To verify the proposed design, both a single element and a $1times 4$ array are fabricated and measured. The measured array demonstrates a 32% impedance bandwidth ($vert $ S$11vert lt !-10$ dB), covering the entire 5G millimeter-waveband (24.25–29.5 GHz), with a peak gain of 15.3 dBi and an efficiency of 93% at 30 GHz.
{"title":"Methods of Controlling Each Radiation Nulls of a Wideband SISL Modified Proximity-Coupled-Fed Filtering Circular Patch Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications","authors":"Ningning Yan;Jiechen Wang;Fanfei Yang;Yu Luo;Kaixue Ma","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639145","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a wideband filtering circular patch antenna for millimeter-wave (MMW) applications is presented. The mechanisms for controlling each radiation nulls are analyzed, and the frequencies of four radiation nulls can be independently adjusted. First, the potential of the proximity-coupled-fed structure for realizing filtering antennas is explored, where two radiation nulls on both sides of the passband are created through a metallized via connecting the feed and the patch. A stacked patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) based on the substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) are further introduced to enhance the impedance bandwidth and out-of-band suppression, respectively. In addition, a pair of short-circuit vias loaded on the stacked patch effectively reduces cross-polarization and improves gain. The proposed antenna achieves a relative bandwidth of 32.8%, a peak gain of 9.3 dBi, and a low cross-polarization level of −25 dB. To verify the proposed design, both a single element and a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array are fabricated and measured. The measured array demonstrates a 32% impedance bandwidth (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula>S<inline-formula> <tex-math>$11vert lt !-10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB), covering the entire 5G millimeter-waveband (24.25–29.5 GHz), with a peak gain of 15.3 dBi and an efficiency of 93% at 30 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2827-2832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3639489
Yudong Zhang;Zheng Li;Meie Chen;Junhong Wang
In this communication, a leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on a groove gap waveguide (GGW) is developed to achieve triple-band electronically beam-scanning in the K-/Ka-band with the same linear polarization. The antenna consists of a GGW and a single-layer substrate with 72 etched P-shaped longitudinal slots. The GGW serves as the transmission structure to minimize dielectric loss. By adjusting the height of the periodic-stub ridge in the middle of the GGW, the phase constant in the waveguide is optimized to suppress radiation of the fundamental mode. The P-shaped slot achieves triple-band radiation by using a p-i-n diode to switch its radiation state and operating band. Wide-angle triple-band beam-scanning is achieved using a periodic coding method and a mixed-period coding method. Measured results show good agreement with simulations, demonstrating that the proposed LWA realizes wide-angle triple-band beam-scanning ranging from −56° to 56° in the low band near 25.1 GHz, from −40° to 67° in the middle band near 27.0 GHz, and from −63° to 68° in the high band near 30.7 GHz. The measured peak gain reaches 13.8, 13.3, and 13.8 dBi in the low, middle, and high bands, respectively.
{"title":"A Triple-Band Electronically Beam-Scanning Leaky Wave Antenna","authors":"Yudong Zhang;Zheng Li;Meie Chen;Junhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639489","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on a groove gap waveguide (GGW) is developed to achieve triple-band electronically beam-scanning in the K-/Ka-band with the same linear polarization. The antenna consists of a GGW and a single-layer substrate with 72 etched P-shaped longitudinal slots. The GGW serves as the transmission structure to minimize dielectric loss. By adjusting the height of the periodic-stub ridge in the middle of the GGW, the phase constant in the waveguide is optimized to suppress radiation of the fundamental mode. The P-shaped slot achieves triple-band radiation by using a p-i-n diode to switch its radiation state and operating band. Wide-angle triple-band beam-scanning is achieved using a periodic coding method and a mixed-period coding method. Measured results show good agreement with simulations, demonstrating that the proposed LWA realizes wide-angle triple-band beam-scanning ranging from −56° to 56° in the low band near 25.1 GHz, from −40° to 67° in the middle band near 27.0 GHz, and from −63° to 68° in the high band near 30.7 GHz. The measured peak gain reaches 13.8, 13.3, and 13.8 dBi in the low, middle, and high bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2845-2850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication presents a broadband dual-polarized planar array featuring cavity-backed-free architecture and compact corporate feeding networks. The proposed design eliminates the conventional 1-to-4 cavity-backed structure by employing two compact feeding networks. For horizontal polarization, in-phase excitation of the radiating slots is achieved by using a suspended substrate stripline-to-waveguide hybrid structure. Vertical polarization is realized entirely through a suspended substrate stripline-based corporate feed. This architecture enables a more compact element arrangement. A novel parallel-type dual-ridge waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) is also introduced, which features a reduced physical size. Together with the compact feeding networks, it facilitates a direct feeding topology in which the feeding network directly excites each radiating element. This approach eliminates the need for 1-to-4 cavity-backed structures and offers greater flexibility for broadband amplitude tapering designs. A $4times 4$ -element dual-polarized antenna array prototype was fabricated and measured, operating from 10.5 to 14.5 GHz. The experimental results demonstrate a 32.5% fractional bandwidth, a peak gain above 23 dBi, port isolation higher than 50 dB, and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) better than 45 dB for both polarizations.
{"title":"Wideband 1-to-4 Cavity-Backed-Free Dual-Polarized Waveguide Array Antenna With Compact Corporate Feeding Topology","authors":"Qingchun You;Jiamei Huang;Yang Hu;Yunlong Lu;Jifu Huang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3638687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3638687","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a broadband dual-polarized planar array featuring cavity-backed-free architecture and compact corporate feeding networks. The proposed design eliminates the conventional 1-to-4 cavity-backed structure by employing two compact feeding networks. For horizontal polarization, in-phase excitation of the radiating slots is achieved by using a suspended substrate stripline-to-waveguide hybrid structure. Vertical polarization is realized entirely through a suspended substrate stripline-based corporate feed. This architecture enables a more compact element arrangement. A novel parallel-type dual-ridge waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) is also introduced, which features a reduced physical size. Together with the compact feeding networks, it facilitates a direct feeding topology in which the feeding network directly excites each radiating element. This approach eliminates the need for 1-to-4 cavity-backed structures and offers greater flexibility for broadband amplitude tapering designs. A <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-element dual-polarized antenna array prototype was fabricated and measured, operating from 10.5 to 14.5 GHz. The experimental results demonstrate a 32.5% fractional bandwidth, a peak gain above 23 dBi, port isolation higher than 50 dB, and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) better than 45 dB for both polarizations.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2821-2826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication presents a broadband decoupled microwave (MW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that internally integrates 28 and 39 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) beam-steerable arrays. Based on the structural reutilization strategy, surface-wave suppression and coupling path cancellation are simultaneously realized at two different frequencies with the same electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structure. Furthermore, the combination with the self-decoupling structure design yields three mutual coupling nulls, achieving over 16 dB reduction in mutual coupling between the MIMO planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements across the multimode bandwidth. Afterward, the special EBG structure with dual decoupling functions can also be reused as an independent 28 GHz six-element beam-steerable array. Meanwhile, two 39 GHz five-element substrate-integrated dielectric resonator antenna (SIDRA) arrays are naturally embedded into the self-decoupling structure of PIFA elements, with no degradation to either the MW decoupling effect or the MMW radiation performance. Simulated and measured results verify that the MW MIMO antenna achieves effective decoupling within the 4.72–5.185 GHz band (9.38%). The 28 GHz MMW array covers 26.1–29.8 GHz (13.2%), supporting beam-steering angles of ±41°. The 39 GHz MMW array operates from 37 to 40 GHz (7.8%), with a beam-steering range from −58° to + 53°. The proposed multistructure multireuse design achieves low mutual coupling broadband MIMO operation in n79 band, while additionally integrating MMW antenna arrays in n257, and n260 bands, exhibiting strong competitiveness for terminal antenna applications.
{"title":"A Wideband Decoupled Microwave Antenna Internally Integrated With 28 and 39 GHz Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Arrays","authors":"Xin Geng;Wen-Wen Yang;Wei Qin;Lei Guo;Jian-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639142","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a broadband decoupled microwave (MW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that internally integrates 28 and 39 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) beam-steerable arrays. Based on the structural reutilization strategy, surface-wave suppression and coupling path cancellation are simultaneously realized at two different frequencies with the same electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structure. Furthermore, the combination with the self-decoupling structure design yields three mutual coupling nulls, achieving over 16 dB reduction in mutual coupling between the MIMO planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements across the multimode bandwidth. Afterward, the special EBG structure with dual decoupling functions can also be reused as an independent 28 GHz six-element beam-steerable array. Meanwhile, two 39 GHz five-element substrate-integrated dielectric resonator antenna (SIDRA) arrays are naturally embedded into the self-decoupling structure of PIFA elements, with no degradation to either the MW decoupling effect or the MMW radiation performance. Simulated and measured results verify that the MW MIMO antenna achieves effective decoupling within the 4.72–5.185 GHz band (9.38%). The 28 GHz MMW array covers 26.1–29.8 GHz (13.2%), supporting beam-steering angles of ±41°. The 39 GHz MMW array operates from 37 to 40 GHz (7.8%), with a beam-steering range from −58° to + 53°. The proposed multistructure multireuse design achieves low mutual coupling broadband MIMO operation in n79 band, while additionally integrating MMW antenna arrays in n257, and n260 bands, exhibiting strong competitiveness for terminal antenna applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2851-2856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3638642
Jun Li;Hongli He;Shijie Xiong;Shaopeng Wan;Baoping Ren;Guan-Long Huang
In this communication, a wideband $1times 4$ antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array based on a modified AVA radiator incorporating spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is proposed and verified. First, the conventional exponential tapered slot of the AVA is replaced by linear one, and metallic vias are introduced on both sides of the tapered slot to achieve improved gain. Moreover, based on the dispersion characteristics of the SSPPs, two types of SSPPs structures operating in the strong dispersion region and weak dispersion region are designed, achieving radio frequency interference (RFI) suppression and mutual coupling reduction, respectively. Additionally, the cup-shaped defected ground structures (DGSs) are employed between adjacent antennas to further reduce mutual coupling across the entire bandwidth. The proposed AVA array has been fabricated and measured, achieving $vert S_{11}vert lt -10$ dB in the wide bandwidth of 24.5–37 GHz (40.65%), with an average gain of 14.5 dBi, and peak gain of 16.1 dBi. The proposed AVA array is thus highly suitable for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio astronomy applications, providing enhanced sensitivity and interference resilience.
{"title":"A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Array With Novel Gain-Boosting and Decoupling Techniques","authors":"Jun Li;Hongli He;Shijie Xiong;Shaopeng Wan;Baoping Ren;Guan-Long Huang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3638642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3638642","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a wideband <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array based on a modified AVA radiator incorporating spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is proposed and verified. First, the conventional exponential tapered slot of the AVA is replaced by linear one, and metallic vias are introduced on both sides of the tapered slot to achieve improved gain. Moreover, based on the dispersion characteristics of the SSPPs, two types of SSPPs structures operating in the strong dispersion region and weak dispersion region are designed, achieving radio frequency interference (RFI) suppression and mutual coupling reduction, respectively. Additionally, the cup-shaped defected ground structures (DGSs) are employed between adjacent antennas to further reduce mutual coupling across the entire bandwidth. The proposed AVA array has been fabricated and measured, achieving <inline-formula> <tex-math>$vert S_{11}vert lt -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB in the wide bandwidth of 24.5–37 GHz (40.65%), with an average gain of 14.5 dBi, and peak gain of 16.1 dBi. The proposed AVA array is thus highly suitable for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio astronomy applications, providing enhanced sensitivity and interference resilience.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 3","pages":"2863-2868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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