Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3628054
Qi Zou;Pei Xiao;Yu Lin;Huanhuan Peng;Zhuolin Deng;Gui Gao;Gaosheng Li
An innovative ultralow-profile dual circularly polarization (DCP) beam-reconfigurable array antenna based on the Risley prism beam-scanning principle (RPSP), operating in the L-band, is proposed in this communication. An upgraded version of RPSP combines a large aperture feed array antenna and a phase-gradient transmissive metasurface (TM), both featuring linear gradient phase (LGP) properties, to achieve the ultralow profile characteristics. Additionally, a passive DCP TM operating in the L-band is designed for the first time, offering 360° phase control and high transmission efficiency. The large array feed antenna is implemented using an $8times 8$ array of stacked microstrip patches, achieving DCP radiation based on 3 dB couplers. By mechanically rotating the two array layers, the beam can achieve elevation angle scanning from 0° to 48° and azimuth angle scanning from 0° to 360° for DCP radiation. The measured maximum aperture efficiency (AE) reaches 37.63% at 1.65 GHz, with the antenna profile height being 77 mm ($0.41lambda _{0}$ ). The proposed DCP-RPA features an ultralow profile, low-cost manufacturability, and low loss, making it highly suitable for applications in weather radar, satellite communications, and next-generation mobile communication.
提出了一种基于Risley棱镜波束扫描原理（RPSP）的超低轮廓双圆极化波束可重构阵列天线，工作在l波段。升级版本的RPSP结合了大孔径馈电阵列天线和相位梯度传输超表面（TM），两者都具有线性梯度相位（LGP）特性，以实现超低轮廓特性。此外，还首次设计了工作在l波段的无源DCP TM，提供360°相位控制和高传输效率。大阵列馈电天线采用$8 × 8$的堆叠微带贴片阵列，实现基于3db耦合器的DCP辐射。通过机械旋转两层阵列，波束可以对DCP辐射进行0°~ 48°仰角扫描和0°~ 360°方位角扫描。在1.65 GHz时，测量到的最大孔径效率（AE）达到37.63%，天线轮廓高度为77 mm （$0.41lambda _{0}$）。提议的DCP-RPA具有超低外形、低制造成本和低损耗的特点，使其非常适合应用于气象雷达、卫星通信和下一代移动通信。
{"title":"An Ultralow-Profile Dual Circularly Polarized Beam-Scanning Array Antenna Based on Risley Prism at L-Band","authors":"Qi Zou;Pei Xiao;Yu Lin;Huanhuan Peng;Zhuolin Deng;Gui Gao;Gaosheng Li","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3628054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3628054","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative ultralow-profile dual circularly polarization (DCP) beam-reconfigurable array antenna based on the Risley prism beam-scanning principle (RPSP), operating in the L-band, is proposed in this communication. An upgraded version of RPSP combines a large aperture feed array antenna and a phase-gradient transmissive metasurface (TM), both featuring linear gradient phase (LGP) properties, to achieve the ultralow profile characteristics. Additionally, a passive DCP TM operating in the L-band is designed for the first time, offering 360° phase control and high transmission efficiency. The large array feed antenna is implemented using an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of stacked microstrip patches, achieving DCP radiation based on 3 dB couplers. By mechanically rotating the two array layers, the beam can achieve elevation angle scanning from 0° to 48° and azimuth angle scanning from 0° to 360° for DCP radiation. The measured maximum aperture efficiency (AE) reaches 37.63% at 1.65 GHz, with the antenna profile height being 77 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.41lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The proposed DCP-RPA features an ultralow profile, low-cost manufacturability, and low loss, making it highly suitable for applications in weather radar, satellite communications, and next-generation mobile communication.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2161-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3622438
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3622438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3622438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3622440
{"title":"Institutional Listings","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3622440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3622440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3622436
{"title":"Recent Advances in Synthetic Aperture Antennas: Design, Modelling, and Measurement","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3622436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3622436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 11","pages":"9672-9673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3625189
Guangnan Xing;Shiyong Li;Ahmad Hoorfar;Qiang An;Guoqiang Zhao;Houjun Sun
In millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging, the focusing performance of sparse multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays is susceptible to various noise interferences during the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In addition, the sparse array imaging based on the traditional compressive sensing (CS) algorithms suffers from low computational efficiency due to the numerous iterations, especially in 3-D imaging scenarios. To address these limitations, an interpretable self-supervised network with a parallel structure is proposed for fast enhanced imaging via sparse cross MIMO arrays. The designed interpolation-free MIMO operators are embedded into a generalized complex-valued framework unfolded by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to form the encoder of reconstruction branch, avoiding large-scale MIMO sensing matrix operations and allowing for the fast 3-D imaging processing of sparse MIMO data. The decoder is constructed to map the data from image domain to signal domain, thereby producing the pseudo-labels for self-supervised learning and eliminating the need for costly data annotation. The enhancement branch employs an optimization module based on the complex-valued total variation (CTV) and $l_{1}$ norms to guide the network training, thus improving the noise immunity and imaging performance of the network. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed network can obtain better-focused 3-D imaging results in a short time.
{"title":"Self-Supervised Enhanced Imaging Network for Sparse Cross MIMO Arrays","authors":"Guangnan Xing;Shiyong Li;Ahmad Hoorfar;Qiang An;Guoqiang Zhao;Houjun Sun","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3625189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3625189","url":null,"abstract":"In millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging, the focusing performance of sparse multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays is susceptible to various noise interferences during the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In addition, the sparse array imaging based on the traditional compressive sensing (CS) algorithms suffers from low computational efficiency due to the numerous iterations, especially in 3-D imaging scenarios. To address these limitations, an interpretable self-supervised network with a parallel structure is proposed for fast enhanced imaging via sparse cross MIMO arrays. The designed interpolation-free MIMO operators are embedded into a generalized complex-valued framework unfolded by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to form the encoder of reconstruction branch, avoiding large-scale MIMO sensing matrix operations and allowing for the fast 3-D imaging processing of sparse MIMO data. The decoder is constructed to map the data from image domain to signal domain, thereby producing the pseudo-labels for self-supervised learning and eliminating the need for costly data annotation. The enhancement branch employs an optimization module based on the complex-valued total variation (CTV) and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$l_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norms to guide the network training, thus improving the noise immunity and imaging performance of the network. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed network can obtain better-focused 3-D imaging results in a short time.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 1","pages":"1281-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI) for computational electromagnetics (CEM) has drawn an increasing attention in recent years. However, current AI-based CEM methods face two key challenges: the high production cost of training datasets and poor generalization ability of trained neural networks (NNs). In this communication, we employ active learning (AL) and incremental learning (IL) to tackle the issues. AL cuts the dataset production cost by selecting the most informative samples before NN training, guided by evaluating how well the predicted results by a pretrained NN satisfy the boundary conditions or governing equations. By this way, the dataset generation time and storage are significantly reduced compared to fully supervised learning (SL). IL improves the generalization ability by enabling an NN pretrained for one type of targets to efficiently acquire knowledge for a new type of targets while retaining prior learning. This strategy is substantially more efficient than training new NNs from scratch for each type of targets. The effectiveness of the proposed AL-IL framework is demonstrated for 3-D conducting, dielectric, and metal–dielectric composite targets. It establishes a valuable paradigm for AI-based CEM, accelerating dataset generation and enhancing model generalization.
{"title":"AI for Evaluation of Electromagnetic Scattering Using Active and Incremental Learning","authors":"De-Hua Kong;Wen-Wei Zhang;Jia-Qi Kang;Wen-Chi Huang;Jia-Ning Cao;Xing-Yue Guo;Ming-Yao Xia","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3624223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3624223","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) for computational electromagnetics (CEM) has drawn an increasing attention in recent years. However, current AI-based CEM methods face two key challenges: the high production cost of training datasets and poor generalization ability of trained neural networks (NNs). In this communication, we employ active learning (AL) and incremental learning (IL) to tackle the issues. AL cuts the dataset production cost by selecting the most informative samples before NN training, guided by evaluating how well the predicted results by a pretrained NN satisfy the boundary conditions or governing equations. By this way, the dataset generation time and storage are significantly reduced compared to fully supervised learning (SL). IL improves the generalization ability by enabling an NN pretrained for one type of targets to efficiently acquire knowledge for a new type of targets while retaining prior learning. This strategy is substantially more efficient than training new NNs from scratch for each type of targets. The effectiveness of the proposed AL-IL framework is demonstrated for 3-D conducting, dielectric, and metal–dielectric composite targets. It establishes a valuable paradigm for AI-based CEM, accelerating dataset generation and enhancing model generalization.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 1","pages":"1245-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3624237
Hui Zeng;Zhenhai Xu;Wei Dong;Shunping Xiao
The shaped beam synthesis problem with phase-only excitations for large-scale arrays is addressed based on a novel beam-guided optimization method. First, a nonconvex mathematical model with constraints on the mainlobe ripple level (MRL) and peak sidelobe level (PSLL) is established. To reduce the dimension of the variables, several subarray partition strategies are proposed based on the expected beam shape. Then, an auxiliary scaling factor is introduced to transform the original maximization problem into a minimization problem. Through the above-mentioned steps, desired array phases can be obtained by means of a modified ADMM method within an acceptable computational time. Additionally, an initial phase calculation method is introduced to enable the algorithm to converge to a favorable local optimum quickly. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through numerical and full-wave simulations.
{"title":"Phase-Only Shaped Beam Synthesis for Large-Scale Array With the Guidance of Beam Shape","authors":"Hui Zeng;Zhenhai Xu;Wei Dong;Shunping Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3624237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3624237","url":null,"abstract":"The shaped beam synthesis problem with phase-only excitations for large-scale arrays is addressed based on a novel beam-guided optimization method. First, a nonconvex mathematical model with constraints on the mainlobe ripple level (MRL) and peak sidelobe level (PSLL) is established. To reduce the dimension of the variables, several subarray partition strategies are proposed based on the expected beam shape. Then, an auxiliary scaling factor is introduced to transform the original maximization problem into a minimization problem. Through the above-mentioned steps, desired array phases can be obtained by means of a modified ADMM method within an acceptable computational time. Additionally, an initial phase calculation method is introduced to enable the algorithm to converge to a favorable local optimum quickly. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through numerical and full-wave simulations.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2149-2154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication presents the theory and design of a joint fast-and-slow time modulation for space-time-modulated metasurfaces (ST-MTSs) to simultaneously and precisely generate 1-D high-resolution range profile (HRRP), range-Doppler profile, and micro-Doppler signature. The design process is guided via scattering center model of the deceptive target to be reproduced by the stationary metasurface. To achieve such a multiradar-characteristics jamming, fast-time modulation is implemented to generate deceptive HRRPs, whereas extra phase terms are introduced in slow-time domain to compensate for the phase differences between adjacent pulses in the echo caused by the motion and micromotion of the deceptive target. For precise jamming, the scattered electromagnetic (EM) field of a deceptive target is first expressed to derive the radar multicharacteristics with the help of scattering center models. A vector analysis in the complex plane is then employed to synthesize the amplitude–phase reconfigurable reflection coefficients using a 2-bit phase reconfigurable metasurface, further improving the performance of the jamming method. Both numerical simulations and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed jamming method.
{"title":"Scattering Center Model Guided Joint Fast-and-Slow Time Modulation: Theoretical Foundations and Multiradar-Characteristics Spoofing","authors":"Yonggeng Zhu;Xinyu Fang;Mengmeng Li;Jihong Gu;Davide Ramaccia;Alessandro Toscano;Filiberto Bilotti;Dazhi Ding","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3623293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3623293","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents the theory and design of a joint fast-and-slow time modulation for space-time-modulated metasurfaces (ST-MTSs) to simultaneously and precisely generate 1-D high-resolution range profile (HRRP), range-Doppler profile, and micro-Doppler signature. The design process is guided via scattering center model of the deceptive target to be reproduced by the stationary metasurface. To achieve such a multiradar-characteristics jamming, fast-time modulation is implemented to generate deceptive HRRPs, whereas extra phase terms are introduced in slow-time domain to compensate for the phase differences between adjacent pulses in the echo caused by the motion and micromotion of the deceptive target. For precise jamming, the scattered electromagnetic (EM) field of a deceptive target is first expressed to derive the radar multicharacteristics with the help of scattering center models. A vector analysis in the complex plane is then employed to synthesize the amplitude–phase reconfigurable reflection coefficients using a 2-bit phase reconfigurable metasurface, further improving the performance of the jamming method. Both numerical simulations and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed jamming method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 1","pages":"1275-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3622372
Zhiqiang Liu;Shaowei Liao;Quan Xue
This communication introduces a novel orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenfield mode analysis method for both distance and misalignment estimations, including angle of arrival (AoA) and lateral displacement, of single- or multimode OAM waves. First, the OAM eigenfield mode analysis method is developed, which can be used to extract the OAM spectrum of an arbitrary incident OAM wave. The phase distribution of the OAM eigenfield is distance-dependent, which thus enables accurate estimation of propagation distance of an arbitrary incident OAM wave. Then, combined with an iterative method, the proposed method can effectively address practical distance and misalignment estimation challenges, such as lateral displacements and tilts, which can cause OAM mode distortion and intermode coupling. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate both the distance and misalignment of OAM waves, once the incident OAM field on the observation plane is obtained.
{"title":"Distance and Misalignment Estimations of OAM Waves Based on Eigenfield Mode Analysis","authors":"Zhiqiang Liu;Shaowei Liao;Quan Xue","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3622372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3622372","url":null,"abstract":"This communication introduces a novel orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenfield mode analysis method for both distance and misalignment estimations, including angle of arrival (AoA) and lateral displacement, of single- or multimode OAM waves. First, the OAM eigenfield mode analysis method is developed, which can be used to extract the OAM spectrum of an arbitrary incident OAM wave. The phase distribution of the OAM eigenfield is distance-dependent, which thus enables accurate estimation of propagation distance of an arbitrary incident OAM wave. Then, combined with an iterative method, the proposed method can effectively address practical distance and misalignment estimation challenges, such as lateral displacements and tilts, which can cause OAM mode distortion and intermode coupling. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate both the distance and misalignment of OAM waves, once the incident OAM field on the observation plane is obtained.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 1","pages":"1239-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3620029
Thi Duyen Nguyen;Gangil Byun
This communication presents a novel dual-band holographic metasurface antenna (HMsA) excited by transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) surface waves at distinct frequencies, enabling independently adjustable beamforming patterns. The proposed antenna employs a two-layer architecture: the first layer incorporates a mode-selective electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to isolate the TM and TE modes, while the second layer uses orthogonal strip patterns, individually modulated to convert each surface wave mode into leaky wave radiation. The isolation and independent control of the two modes allow the antenna to achieve high efficiency comparable to single-mode designs, across various beamforming angles. The proposed design is validated through a dual-port implementation supporting dual-polarization control in two bands: the TM mode at 10 GHz, excited by a vertical monopole, and the TE mode at 14 GHz, excited by a printed horizontal dipole. Each port produces directional beams at target angles of −20° and 10°, achieving measured gains of 14.06 and 15.67 dBi, respectively.
{"title":"A Novel Dual-Band Holographic Metasurface Antenna With Mode-Selective Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure","authors":"Thi Duyen Nguyen;Gangil Byun","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3620029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3620029","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents a novel dual-band holographic metasurface antenna (HMsA) excited by transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) surface waves at distinct frequencies, enabling independently adjustable beamforming patterns. The proposed antenna employs a two-layer architecture: the first layer incorporates a mode-selective electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to isolate the TM and TE modes, while the second layer uses orthogonal strip patterns, individually modulated to convert each surface wave mode into leaky wave radiation. The isolation and independent control of the two modes allow the antenna to achieve high efficiency comparable to single-mode designs, across various beamforming angles. The proposed design is validated through a dual-port implementation supporting dual-polarization control in two bands: the TM mode at 10 GHz, excited by a vertical monopole, and the TE mode at 14 GHz, excited by a printed horizontal dipole. Each port produces directional beams at target angles of −20° and 10°, achieving measured gains of 14.06 and 15.67 dBi, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 2","pages":"2143-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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