Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3525839
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Vol. 34","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3525839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3525839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10827842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3520265
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3520265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3520265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10819278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3523873
Shahriar Bakrani Balani;H. Milanchian;T. Salmi
Quench is an irreversible transition where the magnet locally loses its superconducting properties and becomes resistive. Early quench detection and a prompt protection system response are essential to avoid conductor damage. One of the conventional methods for accelerator magnet quench protection is to place resistive heaters on the surface of the coils. The protection heaters are stainless steel strips which are powered with a voltage pulse from capacitor bank discharge. Current is passing through the heaters, generating heat due to the resistivity of the stainless steel. Heat is transferred to the cable by conduction. There is at least one layer of polyimide film and the cable insulation (impregnated glass fiber) between the heater and the superconducting cable. Heater delay is defined as the required time to reach the current sharing temperature in the cable after heater firing. Typically predicting the heater delay requires numerical simulations which are computationally somewhat challenging and require expertise and need of specific software. In this study, we are providing a fast and easily accessible surrogate model for predicting the heater delay in Nb 3 Sn magnets. Finite Element Method simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics are used for collecting the dataset and training a supervised artificial neural network algorithm. The model can be used for first estimations of heater delay in Nb 3 Sn accelerator magnets during their design phase. In future, the surrogate model could be also integrated with other quench protection design tools to accelerate the detailed protection design of future magnets.
{"title":"A Stand-Alone Surrogate Model for Predicting Protection Heater Delays in Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnets","authors":"Shahriar Bakrani Balani;H. Milanchian;T. Salmi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3523873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3523873","url":null,"abstract":"Quench is an irreversible transition where the magnet locally loses its superconducting properties and becomes resistive. Early quench detection and a prompt protection system response are essential to avoid conductor damage. One of the conventional methods for accelerator magnet quench protection is to place resistive heaters on the surface of the coils. The protection heaters are stainless steel strips which are powered with a voltage pulse from capacitor bank discharge. Current is passing through the heaters, generating heat due to the resistivity of the stainless steel. Heat is transferred to the cable by conduction. There is at least one layer of polyimide film and the cable insulation (impregnated glass fiber) between the heater and the superconducting cable. Heater delay is defined as the required time to reach the current sharing temperature in the cable after heater firing. Typically predicting the heater delay requires numerical simulations which are computationally somewhat challenging and require expertise and need of specific software. In this study, we are providing a fast and easily accessible surrogate model for predicting the heater delay in Nb\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000Sn magnets. Finite Element Method simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics are used for collecting the dataset and training a supervised artificial neural network algorithm. The model can be used for first estimations of heater delay in Nb\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000Sn accelerator magnets during their design phase. In future, the surrogate model could be also integrated with other quench protection design tools to accelerate the detailed protection design of future magnets.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3522906
Inês S. P. Peixoto;Sofia Viarengo;João F. P. Fernandes;Fabio Freschi;Laura Savoldi;Silvio Vaschetto
ReBCO coated conductors are a promising solution to be integrated in superconducting electrical machines due to their high transport current under high magnetic fields. However superconducting armature windings will be subjected to AC fields and AC currents, resulting in non-negligible loss. These losses need to be estimated to achieve feasible designs since they strongly decrease the performance of the superconductors, affecting machine operation. In numerical models, ReBCO tapes are often represented by a superconducting thin sheet due to their high aspect ratio. Nonetheless, research shows that at high currents and/or frequencies, the influence of the stabilizing copper layers in the coated conductor's losses can become significant. In this paper, we propose a 2D electromagnetic model based on the T-A formulation to include the effect of copper layers on current distribution and on the evaluation of losses through Finite Elements Method models. A ReBCO tape is investigated when different currents and magnetic fields (perpendicular to the tape surface) are imposed, and the magnetization and transport losses of the superconductors show good agreement with homogenized T-A formulation, experimental and analytical results.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Modeling of the Copper Layers Influence for AC Losses in ReBCO Coated Conductors Based on T-A Formulation","authors":"Inês S. P. Peixoto;Sofia Viarengo;João F. P. Fernandes;Fabio Freschi;Laura Savoldi;Silvio Vaschetto","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3522906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3522906","url":null,"abstract":"ReBCO coated conductors are a promising solution to be integrated in superconducting electrical machines due to their high transport current under high magnetic fields. However superconducting armature windings will be subjected to AC fields and AC currents, resulting in non-negligible loss. These losses need to be estimated to achieve feasible designs since they strongly decrease the performance of the superconductors, affecting machine operation. In numerical models, ReBCO tapes are often represented by a superconducting thin sheet due to their high aspect ratio. Nonetheless, research shows that at high currents and/or frequencies, the influence of the stabilizing copper layers in the coated conductor's losses can become significant. In this paper, we propose a 2D electromagnetic model based on the \u0000<italic>T-A</i>\u0000 formulation to include the effect of copper layers on current distribution and on the evaluation of losses through Finite Elements Method models. A ReBCO tape is investigated when different currents and magnetic fields (perpendicular to the tape surface) are imposed, and the magnetization and transport losses of the superconductors show good agreement with homogenized \u0000<italic>T-A</i>\u0000 formulation, experimental and analytical results.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3520093
D. Y. Lee;J. S. Chung;J. A. Jeon;H. B. Kim;H. J. Kim;H. L. Kim;Y. H. Kim;D. H. Kwon;Y. C. Lee;K. B. Lee;H. K. Park;K. R. Woo;J. Y. Yang
We developed an MMC-based detector system to measure the $^{63}$Ni beta spectrum, with the goal of searching for keV-scale sterile neutrinos. Two identical detectors with gold absorbers of the same size were constructed. One of the absorbers enclosed a small source foil containing radioactive $^{63}$Ni, prepared using an electrochemical deposition procedure developed in this work. An excellent linearity in the energy range of interest up to 70 keV was demonstrated after energy calibration with an Am-241 source. Furthermore, the detector setup with $^{63}$Ni deposition produced an energy spectrum consistent with the expected activity and energy response. The potential of this detector system for a future keV sterile neutrino search is discussed.
{"title":"Development of MMC-Based $^{63}$Ni $beta$ Spectrometers for a keV Sterile Neutrino Search","authors":"D. Y. Lee;J. S. Chung;J. A. Jeon;H. B. Kim;H. J. Kim;H. L. Kim;Y. H. Kim;D. H. Kwon;Y. C. Lee;K. B. Lee;H. K. Park;K. R. Woo;J. Y. Yang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3520093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3520093","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an MMC-based detector system to measure the <inline-formula><tex-math>$^{63}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Ni beta spectrum, with the goal of searching for keV-scale sterile neutrinos. Two identical detectors with gold absorbers of the same size were constructed. One of the absorbers enclosed a small source foil containing radioactive <inline-formula><tex-math>$^{63}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Ni, prepared using an electrochemical deposition procedure developed in this work. An excellent linearity in the energy range of interest up to 70 keV was demonstrated after energy calibration with an Am-241 source. Furthermore, the detector setup with <inline-formula><tex-math>$^{63}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Ni deposition produced an energy spectrum consistent with the expected activity and energy response. The potential of this detector system for a future keV sterile neutrino search is discussed.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3523254
Ivan P. Nevirkovets
Josephson junctions (JJs) with layered Nb/MoGe electrodes were fabricated and characterized at 4.2 K. Mo 0.75 Ge 0.25 is known to be a superconductor with the transition temperature of up to 7.4 K. It is essentially an amorphous material that has very uniform and smooth surface in thin-film form. This allowed us to fabricate high-quality all-MoGe Josephson junctions with very thin Al overlayer to form AlO x barrier [Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 35, Article no. 035008, 2022]. Here we report JJs with composite Nb/MoGe electrodes aiming at development of flux-flow-type Josephson oscillators operating at low frequencies suitable for qubit control. Using MoGe allows one to preserve a large effective magnetic penetration depth and a high kinetic inductance of the electrodes, which results in ( i ) a standing wave (Fiske) resonance to occur at lower frequencies, and ( ii ) in a higher impedance of the oscillator; the latter is important for matching it with other elements of the superconducting circuit. At the same time, using Nb as a part of the composite electrode allows one to maintain the critical parameters (critical current and voltage) of the JJ close to those of the Nb-based JJs. In addition, damping in hybrid Nb/MoGe JJs is lower than that in all-MoGe JJs, which results in a higher current of flux-flow steps, and potentially, in a higher microwave emission power.
{"title":"Hybrid Nb/MoGe Josephson Junctions for the Development of Flux-Flow-Type Josephson Oscillators","authors":"Ivan P. Nevirkovets","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3523254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3523254","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson junctions (JJs) with layered Nb/MoGe electrodes were fabricated and characterized at 4.2 K. Mo\u0000<sub>0.75</sub>\u0000Ge\u0000<sub>0.25</sub>\u0000 is known to be a superconductor with the transition temperature of up to 7.4 K. It is essentially an amorphous material that has very uniform and smooth surface in thin-film form. This allowed us to fabricate high-quality all-MoGe Josephson junctions with very thin Al overlayer to form AlO\u0000<italic><sub>x</sub></i>\u0000 barrier [Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 35, Article no. 035008, 2022]. Here we report JJs with composite Nb/MoGe electrodes aiming at development of flux-flow-type Josephson oscillators operating at low frequencies suitable for qubit control. Using MoGe allows one to preserve a large effective magnetic penetration depth and a high kinetic inductance of the electrodes, which results in (\u0000<italic>i</i>\u0000) a standing wave (Fiske) resonance to occur at lower frequencies, and (\u0000<italic>ii</i>\u0000) in a higher impedance of the oscillator; the latter is important for matching it with other elements of the superconducting circuit. At the same time, using Nb as a part of the composite electrode allows one to maintain the critical parameters (critical current and voltage) of the JJ close to those of the Nb-based JJs. In addition, damping in hybrid Nb/MoGe JJs is lower than that in all-MoGe JJs, which results in a higher current of flux-flow steps, and potentially, in a higher microwave emission power.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3520097
S. Burioli;R. Cereseto;M. Frascio;A. Bortolani;A. Trovato;A. Gagno;M. Bracco;M. Prioli;D. Pedrini;R. U. Valente;G. Iannone;G. De Marzi;D. D'Agostino;G. Avallone;A. Malagoli;A. Leveratto;A Traverso;P. Piccardo;S. Farinon;R. Musenich
In the framework of studies on high-field magnets for future accelerators, a specific project called ASTRACT focuses on the effect of transverse strain on the critical current of Nb $_{{text{3}}}$ Sn wires. The project aims to design, manufacturing and testing a sample-holder to impose a controlled sub-micrometric transverse deformation of the Nb $_{{text{3}}}$ Sn wire during the critical current measurement at 4.2 K, in liquid helium. In the present paper we discuss the solutions adopted to measure and control the deformation, the design as well as the essential steps to characterize the critical current as a function of the transverse deformation.
{"title":"A New Experimental Setup to Measure the Critical Current of Nb$_{{text{3}}}$Sn Wires at 4.2 K Imposing a Controlled Transverse Deformation","authors":"S. Burioli;R. Cereseto;M. Frascio;A. Bortolani;A. Trovato;A. Gagno;M. Bracco;M. Prioli;D. Pedrini;R. U. Valente;G. Iannone;G. De Marzi;D. D'Agostino;G. Avallone;A. Malagoli;A. Leveratto;A Traverso;P. Piccardo;S. Farinon;R. Musenich","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3520097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3520097","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of studies on high-field magnets for future accelerators, a specific project called ASTRACT focuses on the effect of transverse strain on the critical current of Nb\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{{text{3}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000Sn wires. The project aims to design, manufacturing and testing a sample-holder to impose a controlled sub-micrometric transverse deformation of the Nb \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{{text{3}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000Sn wire during the critical current measurement at 4.2 K, in liquid helium. In the present paper we discuss the solutions adopted to measure and control the deformation, the design as well as the essential steps to characterize the critical current as a function of the transverse deformation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3519293
Giuseppe Scarantino;Mattia Castoldi;Francesco Mariani;Lucio Rossi;Carlo Santini;Stefano Sorti;Marco Statera
Within the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) and the EU funded MuCol programme, a facility was recently proposed to test the breakdown limit of the RF cavities under high magnetic fields (7 T). The magnetic configuration is similar to the one of the muon cooling sections. The LASA laboratory (jointly managed by INFN and University of Milan) in Milan, Italy, is currently working on the magnet design, consisting of a split coil made by high temperature superconductors (HTS) operated at 20 K for energy saving. The coils are of non-insulated type, with a relatively high interturn resistance to limit heating during current ramp up. In the present work, the results of a detailed study on the mechanical design of the HTS split coil support structure are presented together with the coupled electro-thermal analysis of the magnet during the ramp-up transient, optimizing for the coil temperature margins and cryocooler performances. These results will be integrated into a more detailed engineering design which is currently under way, serving as baseline for the construction of the test facility. In case of successful funding round by 2025, the facility could be commissioned by 2027.
{"title":"Electro-Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of the HTS Split Coil Test Facility for the Muon Collider Cooling Section","authors":"Giuseppe Scarantino;Mattia Castoldi;Francesco Mariani;Lucio Rossi;Carlo Santini;Stefano Sorti;Marco Statera","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3519293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3519293","url":null,"abstract":"Within the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) and the EU funded MuCol programme, a facility was recently proposed to test the breakdown limit of the RF cavities under high magnetic fields (7 T). The magnetic configuration is similar to the one of the muon cooling sections. The LASA laboratory (jointly managed by INFN and University of Milan) in Milan, Italy, is currently working on the magnet design, consisting of a split coil made by high temperature superconductors (HTS) operated at 20 K for energy saving. The coils are of non-insulated type, with a relatively high interturn resistance to limit heating during current ramp up. In the present work, the results of a detailed study on the mechanical design of the HTS split coil support structure are presented together with the coupled electro-thermal analysis of the magnet during the ramp-up transient, optimizing for the coil temperature margins and cryocooler performances. These results will be integrated into a more detailed engineering design which is currently under way, serving as baseline for the construction of the test facility. In case of successful funding round by 2025, the facility could be commissioned by 2027.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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