Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3541463
{"title":"IEEE Foundation: We Gave Today to Inspire a Brighter Tomorrow","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3541463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3541463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 2","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10902336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3544155
L. Zani;Q. Le Coz;K. Hamada;M. Parody-Guzman;B. Lacroix;L. Novello
In the framework of international development on fusion devices, the tokamak JT-60SA was equipped with superconducting magnets within a Europe-Japan collaboration. After a first integrated commissioning (IC) in 2021, another IC was conducted in 2023 reaching magnet energization levels compliant with 1 MA-class plasmas. The Toroidal Field (TF) coil system was loaded at nominal current and the Poloidal Field (PF) at 50% of nominal current. In the 2023 IC various energization pulse patterns were applied on PF coils to gain experience on the magnets control and protection system in operation conditions. Some tailored current pulses were applied to learn about PF coils coupling parameters and protection system, which sensitivity was found to be improved. In this environment, we developed tools and methods to model and predict the magnets behaviour to possibly identify coils limits in operation conditions. First step is with thermo-hydraulic evaluation of PF coil temperature safety margin evaluation along their pulsed current patterns. Second step is a first order analysis of the TF quench detection system sensitivity, found higher than expected to PF transients, and the contribution to possible mitigation measures to avoid spurious false positive detections. Both steps were benchmarked against experimental data collected during 2023 IC to consolidate models prediction capacities. Foreseen applications aim at checking plasma scenarios repetability rate or avoiding pulsed coil current to generate apparent fault signal in absence of real risk (mostly quench). The tools and methods are described and their rationales explained, together with their intrinsic limits and room for improvement.
{"title":"Exploring Operation Limits of JT-60SA Cryomagnet Operation: Integrated Commissioning Database Use for Modeling Analysis","authors":"L. Zani;Q. Le Coz;K. Hamada;M. Parody-Guzman;B. Lacroix;L. Novello","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544155","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of international development on fusion devices, the tokamak JT-60SA was equipped with superconducting magnets within a Europe-Japan collaboration. After a first integrated commissioning (IC) in 2021, another IC was conducted in 2023 reaching magnet energization levels compliant with 1 MA-class plasmas. The Toroidal Field (TF) coil system was loaded at nominal current and the Poloidal Field (PF) at 50% of nominal current. In the 2023 IC various energization pulse patterns were applied on PF coils to gain experience on the magnets control and protection system in operation conditions. Some tailored current pulses were applied to learn about PF coils coupling parameters and protection system, which sensitivity was found to be improved. In this environment, we developed tools and methods to model and predict the magnets behaviour to possibly identify coils limits in operation conditions. First step is with thermo-hydraulic evaluation of PF coil temperature safety margin evaluation along their pulsed current patterns. Second step is a first order analysis of the TF quench detection system sensitivity, found higher than expected to PF transients, and the contribution to possible mitigation measures to avoid spurious false positive detections. Both steps were benchmarked against experimental data collected during 2023 IC to consolidate models prediction capacities. Foreseen applications aim at checking plasma scenarios repetability rate or avoiding pulsed coil current to generate apparent fault signal in absence of real risk (mostly quench). The tools and methods are described and their rationales explained, together with their intrinsic limits and room for improvement.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3545412
Zhishu Qiu;Aleksandr Shchukin;Muhammad Bin Younas;Hengpei Liao;Weijia Yuan;Min Zhang
Electrified aircraft propulsion systems could be a key solution for achieving zero-emission aviation. The need for efficient multi-megawatt motors with high power density makes superconducting motors a promising solution. This study investigates the performance of radial flux high-temperature superconductor (HTS) synchronous motors for electrified aircraft applications, emphasizing the impact of stator windings on power density and losses. In this study, two motor benchmarks of 450 kW and 1 MW are proposed, the impact of an iron core on the stator structure is analyzed, and various stator windings including copper/aluminium Litz wires and HTS coils are compared regarding stator AC loss as well as machine power-to-weight ratio (PTW). The result indicates that air-cored stators are preferred due to their lower weight and reduced losses, particularly in cryogenic conditions. Meanwhile, HTS coils outperform Litz wires at lower cryogenic temperatures (40 K) in terms of machine PTW. At 77 K, however, aluminium Litz wires have an advantage over HTS designs for smaller machines. This study concludes that HTS stators with an air-cored structure can be a desired topology for the future high PTW motor design required in low-emission electrified aviation propulsion systems, especially at low cryogenic temperatures achieved with liquid hydrogen ($text{LH}_{2}$).
{"title":"The Radial Flux HTS Synchronous Motor Stator Windings Comparison for Electrified Aircraft Applications","authors":"Zhishu Qiu;Aleksandr Shchukin;Muhammad Bin Younas;Hengpei Liao;Weijia Yuan;Min Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545412","url":null,"abstract":"Electrified aircraft propulsion systems could be a key solution for achieving zero-emission aviation. The need for efficient multi-megawatt motors with high power density makes superconducting motors a promising solution. This study investigates the performance of radial flux high-temperature superconductor (HTS) synchronous motors for electrified aircraft applications, emphasizing the impact of stator windings on power density and losses. In this study, two motor benchmarks of 450 kW and 1 MW are proposed, the impact of an iron core on the stator structure is analyzed, and various stator windings including copper/aluminium Litz wires and HTS coils are compared regarding stator AC loss as well as machine power-to-weight ratio (PTW). The result indicates that air-cored stators are preferred due to their lower weight and reduced losses, particularly in cryogenic conditions. Meanwhile, HTS coils outperform Litz wires at lower cryogenic temperatures (40 K) in terms of machine PTW. At 77 K, however, aluminium Litz wires have an advantage over HTS designs for smaller machines. This study concludes that HTS stators with an air-cored structure can be a desired topology for the future high PTW motor design required in low-emission electrified aviation propulsion systems, especially at low cryogenic temperatures achieved with liquid hydrogen (<inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>).","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3545185
Wei Pi;Pu Wang;Jingyi Yang;Heng Zhang;Junhua Cheng;Chengpeng Mao;Yinshun Wang
Liquid hydrogen energy pipelines combine the transmission of electrical energy with hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen can not only be used as a cooling medium for superconducting dc cables but can also be used as a clean energy source for delivery, realizing highly efficient transmission of energy. Self-shielding superconducting dc cables (SSDCCs) have the advantages of no magnetic leakage and small critical current attenuation. This article presents a study of the application of the SSDCC in a liquid hydrogen energy pipeline. The critical current, magnetic field, and ripple loss of the cables at the temperature of liquid hydrogen are investigated by the T-A formulation. The findings indicate that the SSDCC can make the liquid hydrogen energy pipeline achieve more efficient transmission, which provides a novel perspective for the research of liquid hydrogen energy pipelines.
{"title":"Study on Ripple Loss of Self-Shielding Superconducting DC Cable Used in Liquid Hydrogen Energy Pipeline","authors":"Wei Pi;Pu Wang;Jingyi Yang;Heng Zhang;Junhua Cheng;Chengpeng Mao;Yinshun Wang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545185","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid hydrogen energy pipelines combine the transmission of electrical energy with hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen can not only be used as a cooling medium for superconducting dc cables but can also be used as a clean energy source for delivery, realizing highly efficient transmission of energy. Self-shielding superconducting dc cables (SSDCCs) have the advantages of no magnetic leakage and small critical current attenuation. This article presents a study of the application of the SSDCC in a liquid hydrogen energy pipeline. The critical current, magnetic field, and ripple loss of the cables at the temperature of liquid hydrogen are investigated by the T-A formulation. The findings indicate that the SSDCC can make the liquid hydrogen energy pipeline achieve more efficient transmission, which provides a novel perspective for the research of liquid hydrogen energy pipelines.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3529270
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3529270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3529270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 2","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10902333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3541461
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3541461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3541461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 2","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10903145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we have developed a scalable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based microwave multiplexer (µMUX) readout architecture adapted for arrays of transition edge sensors (TESs) to be exploited in a terahertz security camera. The camera system combines a scanning optics together with a 128-pixel TES array and aims for security gate operations with a standoff detection distance of up to 25 m. The developed frequency-domain µMUX is used to read out all feed-horn-coupled TESs based on aluminum thermistors, with noise limited by intrinsic TES noise. Both the TESs and µMUXs are operated in a compact cryostat with a base temperature of about 0.9 K. The µMUX has been fabricated in the cross-type $text{Nb}/ text{AlO}_{rm{x}}/ text{Nb}$ Josephson junction process developed at the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and incorporates high-quality superconducting thin-film resonators with resonant frequencies in the range of 5–6 GHz. An accordingly implemented field-programmable-gate-array-based readout electronics enables the simultaneous and continuous real-time readout of 128 rf-SQUIDs, including a flux ramp modulation scheme. In operation with the aluminum TES, we achieved a dark noise equivalent power of about $2.5; text{fW}/ text{Hz}^{1/ 2}$ while providing a TES readout rate of 3.75 kHz, necessary for a video frame rate of 25 Hz of the security camera.
{"title":"Scalable Microwave SQUID Multiplexer Readout Architecture for TES-Based THz Security Camera","authors":"Matthias Schmelz;Erik Heinz;Katja Peiselt;Gabriel Zieger;Oliver Brandel;Detlef Born;Jürgen Kunert;Michael Siegel;Vyacheslav Zakosarenko;Matthias Meyer;Ronny Stolz","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545212","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we have developed a scalable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based microwave multiplexer (µMUX) readout architecture adapted for arrays of transition edge sensors (TESs) to be exploited in a terahertz security camera. The camera system combines a scanning optics together with a 128-pixel TES array and aims for security gate operations with a standoff detection distance of up to 25 m. The developed frequency-domain µMUX is used to read out all feed-horn-coupled TESs based on aluminum thermistors, with noise limited by intrinsic TES noise. Both the TESs and µMUXs are operated in a compact cryostat with a base temperature of about 0.9 K. The µMUX has been fabricated in the cross-type <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{Nb}/ text{AlO}_{rm{x}}/ text{Nb}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Josephson junction process developed at the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and incorporates high-quality superconducting thin-film resonators with resonant frequencies in the range of 5–6 GHz. An accordingly implemented field-programmable-gate-array-based readout electronics enables the simultaneous and continuous real-time readout of 128 rf-SQUIDs, including a flux ramp modulation scheme. In operation with the aluminum TES, we achieved a dark noise equivalent power of about <inline-formula><tex-math>$2.5; text{fW}/ text{Hz}^{1/ 2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> while providing a TES readout rate of 3.75 kHz, necessary for a video frame rate of 25 Hz of the security camera.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stellarators present features such as steady-state operation and intrinsic stability that make them more attractive than tokamaks in their scaling to fusion power plants. By leveraging more possible configurations, stellarators can be optimized for better engineering feasibility, e.g., resilience to manufacturing tolerances, reduced mechanical load on conductor, material optimization, cost of fabrication. Finite Element Analyses are crucial for the design and optimization of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) REBCO non-planar coils. However, accurate simulation of large-scale magnetostatic, mechanical, and quench models can take days or even weeks to compute. In this work, we present a model of a real-size, HTS, non-insulated, non-planar stellarator coil and perform in Quanscient Allsolve®, a transient simulation study including modelling quench, using the $H - varphi $ formulation. It is shown that transient model benefits heavily from the built-in Domain Decomposition Method (DDM), which allows reaching reasonable computation times. Such models become then invaluable in predicting and understanding the complex behavior of non-insulated large-scale REBCO magnets, including their intrinsic energy imbalance.
{"title":"Modelling of a Large-Scale Non-Insulated Non-Planar HTS Stellarator Coil Using Quanscient Allsolve","authors":"Tara Benkel;Mika Lyly;Janne Ruuskanen;Alexandre Halbach;Valtteri Lahtinen;Nicolo Riva","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545407","url":null,"abstract":"Stellarators present features such as steady-state operation and intrinsic stability that make them more attractive than tokamaks in their scaling to fusion power plants. By leveraging more possible configurations, stellarators can be optimized for better engineering feasibility, e.g., resilience to manufacturing tolerances, reduced mechanical load on conductor, material optimization, cost of fabrication. Finite Element Analyses are crucial for the design and optimization of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) <italic>RE</i>BCO non-planar coils. However, accurate simulation of large-scale magnetostatic, mechanical, and quench models can take days or even weeks to compute. In this work, we present a model of a real-size, HTS, non-insulated, non-planar stellarator coil and perform in Quanscient Allsolve®, a transient simulation study including modelling quench, using the <inline-formula><tex-math>$H - varphi $</tex-math></inline-formula> formulation. It is shown that transient model benefits heavily from the built-in Domain Decomposition Method (DDM), which allows reaching reasonable computation times. Such models become then invaluable in predicting and understanding the complex behavior of non-insulated large-scale <italic>RE</i>BCO magnets, including their intrinsic energy imbalance.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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