Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530897
Andrea Malagoli;Andrea Traverso;Cristina Bernini;Federico Loria;Alessandro Leveratto;Emilio Bellingeri;Matteo Bordonaro;Matteo Cialone;Hafiz M. Hassan;Valeria Braccini;Amalia Ballarino
Iron-based superconducting (IBS) wires fabricated through the powder-in-tube (PIT) method are prospective candidate materials for high magnetic field applications. In order to meet the requirements of such applications, it is important to obtain practical conductors with high transport critical currents at a competitive cost. Among the several IBS families, the (Ba,K)Fe2As2 (Ba-122) phase has the best potential to become a cost-effective high-field superconductor. However, two aspects of the fabrication procedure present issues which still hinder the development towards the affirmation of such superconductor in the industrial applications field: on one side the powder purity, especially when developing a route for the fabrication of large amounts, and on the other side the application of techniques scalable to obtain long length conductors with the same transport properties of the short samples. We here focus on an innovative and scalable fabrication process we have developed to fabricate pure Ba1-xKxFe2As2 powders in batches up to the order of 25 g, a quantity which allows us to fabricate at least 20 meters of monfilamentary conductor.
{"title":"Development of a Scalable Method for the Synthesis of High Quality (Ba,K)-122 Superconducting Powders","authors":"Andrea Malagoli;Andrea Traverso;Cristina Bernini;Federico Loria;Alessandro Leveratto;Emilio Bellingeri;Matteo Bordonaro;Matteo Cialone;Hafiz M. Hassan;Valeria Braccini;Amalia Ballarino","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530897","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-based superconducting (IBS) wires fabricated through the powder-in-tube (PIT) method are prospective candidate materials for high magnetic field applications. In order to meet the requirements of such applications, it is important to obtain practical conductors with high transport critical currents at a competitive cost. Among the several IBS families, the (Ba,K)Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> (Ba-122) phase has the best potential to become a cost-effective high-field superconductor. However, two aspects of the fabrication procedure present issues which still hinder the development towards the affirmation of such superconductor in the industrial applications field: on one side the powder purity, especially when developing a route for the fabrication of large amounts, and on the other side the application of techniques scalable to obtain long length conductors with the same transport properties of the short samples. We here focus on an innovative and scalable fabrication process we have developed to fabricate pure Ba<sub>1-x</sub>K<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> powders in batches up to the order of 25 g, a quantity which allows us to fabricate at least 20 meters of monfilamentary conductor.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530910
Kazumasa Iida
Since the discovery of iron-based superconductors (IBSs) on LaFePO in 2006, many types of IBSs have been fabricated. IBSs have usually been compared to cuprates and MgB2, and the methodology of research developed by them have been implemented to IBSs. As a result, many similarities between IBSs and cuprates have been revealed, e.g., the parent compounds being antiferromagnets and grain boundaries being weak-links to some extent. On the other hands, the distinct features of IBSs are highlighted as multiband superconductors (i.e., the 5 bands of Fe 3$d$ orbital crossing Fermi level) and extended $s$–wave symmetry. Additionally, some of the IBSs are topological superconductors that can be possible platforms for quantum computing. In this paper, an overview of IBS research and development in the last 18 years will be reported, involving characteristics of IBSs as well as strategies of increasing the superconducting transition temperature and critical current density.
{"title":"Status of Iron Based Superconductors: Characteristics and Relevant Properties for Applications","authors":"Kazumasa Iida","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530910","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of iron-based superconductors (IBSs) on LaFePO in 2006, many types of IBSs have been fabricated. IBSs have usually been compared to cuprates and MgB<sub>2</sub>, and the methodology of research developed by them have been implemented to IBSs. As a result, many similarities between IBSs and cuprates have been revealed, e.g., the parent compounds being antiferromagnets and grain boundaries being weak-links to some extent. On the other hands, the distinct features of IBSs are highlighted as multiband superconductors (i.e., the 5 bands of Fe 3<inline-formula><tex-math>$d$</tex-math></inline-formula> orbital crossing Fermi level) and extended <inline-formula><tex-math>$s$</tex-math></inline-formula>–wave symmetry. Additionally, some of the IBSs are topological superconductors that can be possible platforms for quantum computing. In this paper, an overview of IBS research and development in the last 18 years will be reported, involving characteristics of IBSs as well as strategies of increasing the superconducting transition temperature and critical current density.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3527914
George Y. Panasyuk;Charles R. Ebbing;John P. Murphy;Nadina Gheorghiu;Michael D. Sumption;Timothy J. Haugan
In this work we propose semi-analytical models for computing alternating current (AC) power loss of stacks of $N$ high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (or Y-Ba-Cu-O) tapes with non-standard arrangements of tapes. Each stack is subjected to time-dependent magnetic fields perpendicular to the wide surface of the tapes with zero transport current. The models take into account screening of the interior superconducting layers in the stack from the external magnetic field. These models are validated by our experimental studies. As is also shown, the AC loss dependence on the arrangement of tapes in the stack can be quite strong, varying by factors up to ∼ 180× for temperatures 20–65 K, magnetic fields 2–5 T and frequencies up to 2 kHz.
{"title":"AC Loss Modeling of Non-Standard Arrangements of Y-Ba-Cu-O Tapes in a Stack","authors":"George Y. Panasyuk;Charles R. Ebbing;John P. Murphy;Nadina Gheorghiu;Michael D. Sumption;Timothy J. Haugan","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3527914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3527914","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we propose semi-analytical models for computing alternating current (AC) power loss of stacks of <inline-formula><tex-math>$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> high-temperature superconductor YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (or Y-Ba-Cu-O) tapes with non-standard arrangements of tapes. Each stack is subjected to time-dependent magnetic fields perpendicular to the wide surface of the tapes with zero transport current. The models take into account screening of the interior superconducting layers in the stack from the external magnetic field. These models are validated by our experimental studies. As is also shown, the AC loss dependence on the arrangement of tapes in the stack can be quite strong, varying by factors up to ∼ 180× for temperatures 20–65 K, magnetic fields 2–5 T and frequencies up to 2 kHz.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530377
S. T. P. Boyd;Tijmen de Haan
LiteBIRD is an upcoming JAXA-led mission that aims to measure primordial gravitational waves in the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. It is set to launch in 2032. The LiteBIRD detector array consists of around 5000 TES detectors which are read out using digital frequency multiplexing over a bandwidth of 1-6 MHz. The multiplexing factor ranges from 58x to 68x. We are presently developing single-stage SQUID array amplifiers for LiteBIRD readout. Due to the reduced complexity and cost, and greater heritage from ground-based experiments such as the South Pole Telescope and Simons Array, single-stage SQUID array amplification is preferable for the first-stage amplification, as long as it can meet the requirements. The LiteBIRD single-stage SQUID Array is required to have high transimpedance amplification while maintaining a low input inductance and low dynamic resistance. In addition, the input-referred current noise must be very low, and the power dissipation must remain below about 100 nW. These requirements have non-trivial interactions. To maximize performance within these requirements we have performed lumped-element SQUID simulation. We find that by optimizing SQUID internal damping elements and inductive loading, good single-stage SQUID array performance can be obtained for LiteBIRD, including significant engineering margin.
{"title":"Development of SQUID Array Amplifiers for the LiteBIRD CMB Satellite","authors":"S. T. P. Boyd;Tijmen de Haan","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530377","url":null,"abstract":"LiteBIRD is an upcoming JAXA-led mission that aims to measure primordial gravitational waves in the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. It is set to launch in 2032. The LiteBIRD detector array consists of around 5000 TES detectors which are read out using digital frequency multiplexing over a bandwidth of 1-6 MHz. The multiplexing factor ranges from 58x to 68x. We are presently developing single-stage SQUID array amplifiers for LiteBIRD readout. Due to the reduced complexity and cost, and greater heritage from ground-based experiments such as the South Pole Telescope and Simons Array, single-stage SQUID array amplification is preferable for the first-stage amplification, as long as it can meet the requirements. The LiteBIRD single-stage SQUID Array is required to have high transimpedance amplification while maintaining a low input inductance and low dynamic resistance. In addition, the input-referred current noise must be very low, and the power dissipation must remain below about 100 nW. These requirements have non-trivial interactions. To maximize performance within these requirements we have performed lumped-element SQUID simulation. We find that by optimizing SQUID internal damping elements and inductive loading, good single-stage SQUID array performance can be obtained for LiteBIRD, including significant engineering margin.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530334
Md Abu Sayeed;Manoj Paulose;Jithin sai Sandra;Susancy Sherin;Abhin Prabhakaran;Sahil Sharma;Venkat Selvamanickam
An electrically conductive buffer architecture can enable defect-tolerant RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO) superconductor tapes by providing a current shunt path to the substrate. We are developing suitable electrically conductive buffers based on Titanium Nitride (TiN) grown on an ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) template on Hastelloy C276 substrate. The aim is to prevent the oxidation of TiN during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of REBCO. The buffer architecture was modified to render TiN more oxidation-resistant while maintaining good electrical conductivity. A strong biaxial texture was achieved and a low electrical resistivity of 43 µΩcm was measured with this modified buffer architecture. An oxide layer based on the SrTiO3 (STO) cap layer was epitaxially grown using RF magnetron sputtering followed by REBCO film growth by MOCVD. By avoiding oxidation of the modified buffer architecture based on TiN, we achieved a strong epitaxy of REBCO with a sharp texture, without non-00L orientations. Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) data showed uniformly high critical current density throughout the entire REBCO tape.
{"title":"Development of Electrically Conductive Buffer for REBCO Conductors","authors":"Md Abu Sayeed;Manoj Paulose;Jithin sai Sandra;Susancy Sherin;Abhin Prabhakaran;Sahil Sharma;Venkat Selvamanickam","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530334","url":null,"abstract":"An electrically conductive buffer architecture can enable defect-tolerant RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO) superconductor tapes by providing a current shunt path to the substrate. We are developing suitable electrically conductive buffers based on Titanium Nitride (TiN) grown on an ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) template on Hastelloy C276 substrate. The aim is to prevent the oxidation of TiN during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of REBCO. The buffer architecture was modified to render TiN more oxidation-resistant while maintaining good electrical conductivity. A strong biaxial texture was achieved and a low electrical resistivity of 43 µΩcm was measured with this modified buffer architecture. An oxide layer based on the SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (STO) cap layer was epitaxially grown using RF magnetron sputtering followed by REBCO film growth by MOCVD. By avoiding oxidation of the modified buffer architecture based on TiN, we achieved a strong epitaxy of REBCO with a sharp texture, without non-00L orientations. Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) data showed uniformly high critical current density throughout the entire REBCO tape.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530381
Tejumadejesu Oluwadamilare;Eby G. Friedman
As single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit complexities scale, larger bias currents are required. The large current produces excessive heat and greatly complicates the design process. Current recycling offers a solution by reducing the required bias current through serially biased circuit blocks. Serial biasing is typically achieved in homogeneous SFQ systems where similar bias currents are required in similar circuits. Each of these homogeneous circuits is often placed on different ground planes and serially biased to reuse the bias currents. To address heterogeneous circuits with varying bias current requirements, a novel serial biasing technique is proposed. An interface between the ground planes with unequal bias current is presented that exhibits a current balancing capability. The interface supplies additional current before passing the current to the next ground plane. The ground planes are arranged in ascending order of bias current to manage the complexity of these heterogeneous circuits. Using a one bit SFQ full adder as an example, the proposed approach demonstrates several key benefits: a 49% reduction in the number of driver-receiver pairs, a 6.5% reduction in power dissipation, and a 35% reduction in bias current across a heterogeneous SFQ circuit placed on three isolated ground planes. The performance, bias current margins, and methods for current reduction are also discussed, showcasing the effectiveness of current recycling in improving the efficiency of complex heterogeneous SFQ systems.
{"title":"Current Recycling in Heterogeneous RSFQ Circuits","authors":"Tejumadejesu Oluwadamilare;Eby G. Friedman","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530381","url":null,"abstract":"As single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit complexities scale, larger bias currents are required. The large current produces excessive heat and greatly complicates the design process. Current recycling offers a solution by reducing the required bias current through serially biased circuit blocks. Serial biasing is typically achieved in homogeneous SFQ systems where similar bias currents are required in similar circuits. Each of these homogeneous circuits is often placed on different ground planes and serially biased to reuse the bias currents. To address heterogeneous circuits with varying bias current requirements, a novel serial biasing technique is proposed. An interface between the ground planes with unequal bias current is presented that exhibits a current balancing capability. The interface supplies additional current before passing the current to the next ground plane. The ground planes are arranged in ascending order of bias current to manage the complexity of these heterogeneous circuits. Using a one bit SFQ full adder as an example, the proposed approach demonstrates several key benefits: a 49% reduction in the number of driver-receiver pairs, a 6.5% reduction in power dissipation, and a 35% reduction in bias current across a heterogeneous SFQ circuit placed on three isolated ground planes. The performance, bias current margins, and methods for current reduction are also discussed, showcasing the effectiveness of current recycling in improving the efficiency of complex heterogeneous SFQ systems.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid urbanization has led to a surge in short-circuit currents within the electrical grid, occasionally surpassing the interrupting capacity of circuit breakers. This challenge underscores the critical need to limit fault currents, representing a significant technical and economic issue for power grid management. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has the advantages of fast current limiting response, self-triggering, low loss and fast recovery, which is an effective solution to the short-circuit current problem. However, the existing SFCLs used in power grids have the problem of costing large amount of superconducting materials, which cannot meet the cost requirements of current limiting in medium and low voltage level lines. The SFCL with current-limiting CORC conductor has higher current-carrying capacity and lower production cost, which is expected to further enhance the reliability and economy of current limiting. Aiming at the current-limiting CORC conductor applied for a 35 kV/1.5 kA SFCL, an FEM model with electric, magnetic, fluid and thermal fields is established in COMSOL Multiphysics so as to explore the multi-field coupling mechanism under steady state and fault condition. Simulation results obtain the critical current, AC loss and magnetic field of the CORC conductor in steady state. Furthermore, The quench operation of the CORC conductor is performed by applying a fault RMS current of 17.5 kA and 1750 A to acquire its electromagnetic and thermal-fluid operation stability. This study explores the application prospect of CORC cable in SFCL and impels the practical application of SFCL.
快速城市化导致电网中的短路电流激增，有时甚至超过断路器的分断能力。这一挑战凸显了限制故障电流的迫切需要，是电网管理的一个重大技术和经济问题。超导故障电流限制器（SFCL）具有快速限流响应、自触发、低损耗和快速恢复等优点，是解决短路电流问题的有效方案。然而，电网中使用的现有 SFCL 存在超导材料成本高的问题，无法满足中低压线路限流的成本要求。采用 CORC 限流导体的 SFCL 具有更高的载流能力和更低的生产成本，有望进一步提高限流的可靠性和经济性。针对应用于 35 kV/1.5 kA SFCL 的限流 CORC 导体，在 COMSOL Multiphysics 中建立了包含电场、磁场、流体场和热场的有限元模型，以探索稳态和故障条件下的多场耦合机制。仿真结果得出了 CORC 导体在稳态下的临界电流、交流损耗和磁场。此外，通过施加 17.5 kA 和 1750 A 的故障均方根电流，对 CORC 导体进行了淬火操作，以获得其电磁和热流体运行的稳定性。这项研究探索了 CORC 电缆在 SFCL 中的应用前景，推动了 SFCL 的实际应用。
{"title":"Multi-Physics Characteristic Simulations of a Current-Limiting CORC Conductor for a 35 kV/1.5 kA Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)","authors":"Jiahui Zhu;Pengzhen Huang;Panpan Chen;Hongjie Zhang;Yanfang Yang;Jie Sheng","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530378","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanization has led to a surge in short-circuit currents within the electrical grid, occasionally surpassing the interrupting capacity of circuit breakers. This challenge underscores the critical need to limit fault currents, representing a significant technical and economic issue for power grid management. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has the advantages of fast current limiting response, self-triggering, low loss and fast recovery, which is an effective solution to the short-circuit current problem. However, the existing SFCLs used in power grids have the problem of costing large amount of superconducting materials, which cannot meet the cost requirements of current limiting in medium and low voltage level lines. The SFCL with current-limiting CORC conductor has higher current-carrying capacity and lower production cost, which is expected to further enhance the reliability and economy of current limiting. Aiming at the current-limiting CORC conductor applied for a 35 kV/1.5 kA SFCL, an FEM model with electric, magnetic, fluid and thermal fields is established in COMSOL Multiphysics so as to explore the multi-field coupling mechanism under steady state and fault condition. Simulation results obtain the critical current, AC loss and magnetic field of the CORC conductor in steady state. Furthermore, The quench operation of the CORC conductor is performed by applying a fault RMS current of 17.5 kA and 1750 A to acquire its electromagnetic and thermal-fluid operation stability. This study explores the application prospect of CORC cable in SFCL and impels the practical application of SFCL.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photonic and superconducting platforms are at the core of modern quantum technologies. However, most existing superconductors are opaque and highly absorptive. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) films reduced by electrochemical intercalation provide a promising solution for tunable superconductivity and transparency in the visible, NIR, and mid-IR optical regions. Understanding the mechanism of electrochemical reaction at the ITO surface and the dimensionality of the emerging superconducting state is a crucial step in developing devices that utilize the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a quantum state. Here we studied three routes to tune the charge density in ITO films, that might lead to the emergence of the superconducting state: doping with heterovalent atoms; electrochemical intercalation; and synthesis of oxygen-deficient ITO films. While the first does not show superconductivity at any level of doping, the second induces two-dimensional superconductivity at the ITO surface, and the third route creates three-dimensional superconductivity in bulk.
光子和超导平台是现代量子技术的核心。然而，现有的大多数超导体都是不透明和高吸收性的。通过电化学插层还原的氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜为可见光、近红外和中红外光区的可调超导性和透明度提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案。要开发利用电磁波与量子态相互作用的设备，了解 ITO 表面电化学反应的机理和新出现的超导态的维度是至关重要的一步。在这里，我们研究了三种调节 ITO 薄膜电荷密度的途径，它们可能会导致超导态的出现：掺杂异价原子；电化学插层；以及合成缺氧的 ITO 薄膜。第一种方法在任何掺杂水平下都不会显示出超导性，而第二种方法则会在 ITO 表面产生二维超导性，第三种方法则会在主体中产生三维超导性。
{"title":"Transparent Superconductor on the Base of In2-ySnyO3-δ: Unraveling the Electrochemical Doping Mechanism","authors":"Aaron Parra;Meiyi Li;Oleh Feia;Danylo Menesenko;Mariam Al Sardar;Elena Zhitlukhina;Andrii Shapovalov;Mikhail Belogolovskii;Manuel Quevedo-Lopez;Ali Aliev","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530326","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic and superconducting platforms are at the core of modern quantum technologies. However, most existing superconductors are opaque and highly absorptive. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) films reduced by electrochemical intercalation provide a promising solution for tunable superconductivity and transparency in the visible, NIR, and mid-IR optical regions. Understanding the mechanism of electrochemical reaction at the ITO surface and the dimensionality of the emerging superconducting state is a crucial step in developing devices that utilize the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a quantum state. Here we studied three routes to tune the charge density in ITO films, that might lead to the emergence of the superconducting state: doping with heterovalent atoms; electrochemical intercalation; and synthesis of oxygen-deficient ITO films. While the first does not show superconductivity at any level of doping, the second induces two-dimensional superconductivity at the ITO surface, and the third route creates three-dimensional superconductivity in bulk.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530386
M. Majoros;M. D. Sumption;M. Jiang;E. W. Collings
In high energy physics magnets, superconducting cables are typically used, one for this reason is to limit inductance and thus voltages during magnet quench. For LTSC cables this also allows for current sharing in case of a local perturbation of a strand; such current sharing mitigates problems attendant to the low minimum quench energy seen in LTSC superconductors. For HTS strands, MQE is much larger, but an equally important function has emerged which is conductor redundancy. Heating due to small defects within the cable can be mitigated again by strand-to-strand current sharing. Of particular interest in this context are REBCO tape stacks, Roebel and CORC cables. Here small defects may arise in the original tapes, either during cabling or in service in the magnet. However they arise, local heating can be generated if current sharing is not present. In this article, we modelled the current sharing in non-insulated tape stacks (i.e., tape stack cables) containing seven double-sided tapes with defects present in some of the tapes. In this article, we used Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling, assuming critical current densities of these tapes relevant for operation at 4.2 K (boiling liquid He).
{"title":"Current Sharing in Defected Superconducting REBCO Tape Stack Cables for HTS Inserts in Accelerator Magnets: FEM Modeling","authors":"M. Majoros;M. D. Sumption;M. Jiang;E. W. Collings","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530386","url":null,"abstract":"In high energy physics magnets, superconducting cables are typically used, one for this reason is to limit inductance and thus voltages during magnet quench. For LTSC cables this also allows for current sharing in case of a local perturbation of a strand; such current sharing mitigates problems attendant to the low minimum quench energy seen in LTSC superconductors. For HTS strands, MQE is much larger, but an equally important function has emerged which is conductor redundancy. Heating due to small defects within the cable can be mitigated again by strand-to-strand current sharing. Of particular interest in this context are REBCO tape stacks, Roebel and CORC cables. Here small defects may arise in the original tapes, either during cabling or in service in the magnet. However they arise, local heating can be generated if current sharing is not present. In this article, we modelled the current sharing in non-insulated tape stacks (i.e., tape stack cables) containing seven double-sided tapes with defects present in some of the tapes. In this article, we used Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling, assuming critical current densities of these tapes relevant for operation at 4.2 K (boiling liquid He).","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2025.3530333
Sebastian Hellmann;Jamal Olatunji;Tulasi Nandan Parashar;Randy Pollock
High energy ionizing radiation can pose a significant risk to crew and payload of any space mission especially outside lower earth orbits. To investigate efficient radiation protection, in this paper we propose the design of a CubeSat spacecraft equipped with a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil for radiation shielding. The HTS coil in the proposed design is positioned at a certain distance from the radiation protected volume. The coil is pointed towards the main source of charged particle showers, e.g., the Sun, to provide directional radiation protection due to magnetic deviation of charged particles. A suite of sensors is deployed in the wake of the charged particles to showcase the effectiveness of such a directional magnetic shielding concept. In this paper we introduce the complete design for such a demonstration project including the HTS coil powered by a superconducting power supply (flux-pump) and the cryogenic system design with cryocooler and thermal shielding. We further present simulation results on the magnetic shielding effect of the HTS-coil together with a preliminary coil parameter optimization process to increase the shielding effectiveness. The coil for this demonstration is made of non-insulated pancakes of 4 mm wide HTS tape. We further discuss the overall thermal budget and cooling as well as the electrical power budget for the CubeSat system.
{"title":"CubeSat Concept for Demonstrating Efficient Directional Magnetic Radiation Protection for Spacecrafts Based on HTS Coils","authors":"Sebastian Hellmann;Jamal Olatunji;Tulasi Nandan Parashar;Randy Pollock","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3530333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3530333","url":null,"abstract":"High energy ionizing radiation can pose a significant risk to crew and payload of any space mission especially outside lower earth orbits. To investigate efficient radiation protection, in this paper we propose the design of a CubeSat spacecraft equipped with a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil for radiation shielding. The HTS coil in the proposed design is positioned at a certain distance from the radiation protected volume. The coil is pointed towards the main source of charged particle showers, e.g., the Sun, to provide directional radiation protection due to magnetic deviation of charged particles. A suite of sensors is deployed in the wake of the charged particles to showcase the effectiveness of such a directional magnetic shielding concept. In this paper we introduce the complete design for such a demonstration project including the HTS coil powered by a superconducting power supply (flux-pump) and the cryogenic system design with cryocooler and thermal shielding. We further present simulation results on the magnetic shielding effect of the HTS-coil together with a preliminary coil parameter optimization process to increase the shielding effectiveness. The coil for this demonstration is made of non-insulated pancakes of 4 mm wide HTS tape. We further discuss the overall thermal budget and cooling as well as the electrical power budget for the CubeSat system.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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