Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos最新文献

Public research institutes in Brazil adopted the experimental medicine model as of the late nineteenth century. At the Butantan Institute [Instituto Butantan], the experimental perspective was a mark of Afrânio do Amaral's administration, between 1928 and 1938. Using the institution's own historical archive as its primary source, this study analyzes the Butantan Rural School Group [Grupo Escolar Rural de Butantan], understanding it as both a pedagogical experiment, an expression of the institution's experimental guidelines, and a model for the education movement implemented in the early 1900s by intellectuals and politicians from the state of São Paulo to mold a national identity based on "country man."

The article presents a study on the illustrations published in The Great Inventions, by the French popular science writer Louis Figuier, a book that circulated in Brazil as from the second half of the nineteenth century. The analysis indicated that the illustrations, often linked to Figuier's text, pictured the science as essentially empirical science, of great experiments, exclusively male. The conclusions in this article add new elements to the historiography on Figuier and his writings, now from the perspective of the visual sources.

The article emphasizes the urban reform interventions aimed at public health improvements in the city of Belém (PA) drawing on the actions of an emblematic social actor for this city during the second half of the nineteenth century: José Coelho da Gama e Abreu. The research used primary sources such as archives and books written by Gama e Abreu, journals, reports, letters and rare works of literature. The urban improvements highlighted a city governed by a bourgeois class rapidly rising due to the export of latex. These reforms provided the opportunity for social segregation in the urban fabric, establishing a new logic for the city.

Despite public condemnation after the defeat of Nazism, eugenic ideas continue to persist into the twenty-first century in different countries and contexts and with varying forms of intensity and support, as seen in events such as the covid-19 pandemic and the George Floyd case, discourse by contemporary far-right populist governments, and the 2024 US presidential election. This interview with Professor Marius Turda, a prominent scholar in the field of race, racism, and eugenics, presents his work and his itinerant exhibition entitled "We are not alone: legacies of eugenics," aimed at specialised and non-academic audiences alike, and offers a historically informed account of our eugenic past, present, and future.

Exchanges between Brazil and the United States regarding children's health education in the early decades of the twentieth century led to the circulation of subjects, knowledge, and printed matters, involving agreements between government public health agencies, international agencies, and civil society organizations. This article presents a significant source for understanding the processes of production and transnational circulation of printed matters aimed at teaching hygiene and health notions: the Child Health Alphabet, an illustrated book in alphabetical format, published in New York and adapted into Portuguese by J.P. Fontenelle, a physician-educator who completed an internship at Johns Hopkins University with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.

During the early Qing dynasty, Taiwan remained largely undeveloped, with vast areas covered in dense wilderness and forests. The terms zhangli and zhangyi, which appear frequently in historical documents, most likely cover a variety of epidemic diseases such as malaria, dysentery, cholera, and scarlet fever. Following the Opium Wars, as Western powers increased pressure on Taiwan, the Qing government sought to intensify inland development. However, persistent epidemics in the mountainous regions hindered efforts to "open the mountains and pacify the aborigines." These health challenges significantly affected Taiwan's development during the Qing dynasty, experiences which share many similarities with the history of South America.

The 1920s and 1930s were marked by a need for social modernization. Some modern nation-building projects had nationalist and authoritarian overtones, and some proposals for State renewal were developed on the basis of eugenic concepts. In Brazil, Brazilian Integralist Action (Ação Integralista Brasileira, AIB) was the largest fascist movement outside Europe, with a State-building project underpinned by a eugenics program. This study investigates how eugenics influenced integralism and especially how women engaged in the integralist movement. Based on the empirical study of printed sources, the discourse about gender-specific roles in this context is revealed, as are the functions of the "green blouses" in AIB's eugenic project.

This paper draws connections and parallels between the promoted objective of Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s Tabloid medicine chests and the capitalist and scientific ideals related to modernising the Amazon, which were advanced by the physician and geographer Alexander Hamilton Rice. Using an object-biographical approach, I explore the context of the promotional discourse surrounding the Tabloid chests and detail the contents of the medicine chest Rice carried throughout his 1919-1920 expedition, considering the pathological imaging fostered by the company and its customer. The relationships between this marketing discourse and Rice's search for scientific recognition and publicity as a quintessential explorer are also analysed.

This qualitative, exploratory study aimed to deepen knowledge about family experience at zoos. By analyzing conversations, interactions and emotions, we sought to understand how family groups build strategies and interpret the meaning of the visit. Nine family groups participated in the recordings at QuitoZoo. The material was uploaded to Dedoose software and categorized according to a pre-established protocol, followed by the analysis of the perceptual, biological, and connection categories. The family members interacted and discussed scientific topics that reflected emotions and connections. They used cognitive engagement strategies and constructed meanings from their experience at the exhibit, which can aid learning and lead, in the long term, to develop conservation values.

This study is aligned with other research that critically analyzes the way sickle cell disease has been framed as a global burden to health since the 2000s. To this end, the study investigates Brazilian attempts to establish structural technical cooperation programs in health with Benin, Ghana, and Senegal, based on the comprehensive care model offered to people with sickle cell disease under its public health system, the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS). This international initiative is part of a broader drive to disseminate internationally the values of universalism and equality, enshrined in the Brazilian health reform and embodied in SUS.