Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos最新文献

This paper analyzes the career of Silvio Dessy, an Italian physician who immigrated to Argentina in 1898, to explore the development of science-related professional careers outside the academic field. Dessy combined his work in public research with the commercial exploitation of therapeutic products, culminating in the creation of the Argentine Biological Institute in 1908, a company dedicated to the production of serum and vaccines. Based on Dessy's case, we investigate how, during the early days of bacteriology in Argentina, the development of science was not exclusively linked to public research but also provided opportunities to pursue private initiatives.

This paper analyzes the evolutionary and racial ideas of Andrés Molina Enríquez contained in his work Los grandes problemas nacionales (1909). The work explores the concepts of superior and inferior societies, human races, indigenous attributes, and mestizaje. The analysis suggests that these themes are influenced by Molina Enríquez's evolutionary interpretations, based on Ernst Haeckel and Charles Darwin. Four ideas are elaborated here: internal and external forces in Haeckel and Darwin; races, from Darwin to physiology; individual and collective selection; and Molina Enríquez and Mexican evolutionism. These sections show that the author studied was a significant evolutionist in Mexico during the Porfiriato.

Different systems for controlling smallpox in the early nineteenth century are investigated, considering the actions of different agents, mechanisms, and strategies involved in its organization, manufacture, and distribution. This dangerous disease emerged in the Americas following European colonization. Immunization practices arrived in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1805, coordinated first by the Protomedicato and later through the Conservatory of Vaccines. The economic hardship and wars of the fledging state hindered the inoculation of human and cowpox viruses. Humans were used as viral reservoirs, yet the epidemics remained uncontrolled. Replication of European experiments to obtain similar viruses failed to provide a safe product.

The paper presents and transcribes excerpts from an interview with Maria José von Paumgartten Deane in 1989 on her personal and professional trajectory, as part of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz's "Projeto Memória de Manguinhos." The interviewee shares her experience in the field of science from the 1930s onward within a predominantly masculine context, as well as strategies for female affirmation, and also describes her experiences working with Evandro Chagas, scientific travels and lifelong partnership with Leônidas de Mello Deane.

This article aims to analyze the construction of aesthetic surgery as a "psychological therapy" among Argentine plastic surgeons in the first half of the twentieth century. To this end, it analyzes expert and popular medical publications produced by these specialists. The article begins by raising a legal controversy surrounding the therapeutic value of aesthetic surgery. Based on this controversy, it analyzes the psychological justifications put forward in the medical literature and some case narratives that demonstrate the "preventive" nature of these practices. It concludes with a discussion of the initiatives undertaken by Argentine plastic surgeons to ensure affordable access to aesthetic surgery.

This text examines Josué de Castro's Geografia humana: estudo da paisagem cultural do mundo, based on the theory of Pierre Bourdieu. We investigate Castro's professional and academic activity during the 1930s, focusing on his educational strategies, international connections, and the text's editing process. Castro's work is shown to be unique for its critique of race and climate as determinants for human geography and its sensitivity to popular culture. Our analysis highlights the text's contribution to geography, with the development and questioning of concepts like race, acclimatization and acculturation, in dialog with anthropology. We also note ideas that appear later in Castro's book Geografia da fome.

This article analyzes the construction of the zoological and botanical gardens for Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, in Belém, northern Brazil. Opened in 1895 on a single property, the museum's grounds were expanded over almost fifty years until they occupied the entire block - where it remains to this day. The research investigates the compulsory acquisition, with state and federal government support, of the neighboring properties, focusing on the political discourse formulated to justify the museum's expansion and the way the affected parties resisted the acquisitions. As a result, the museum's zoobotanical park is presented as a space in constant transformation, permeated by different meanings attributed by different social groups.

The career of Honorio Delgado is a significant, albeit complex, position in the history of Peruvian and Latin American psychiatry. As an introducer of psychoanalysis and later a fierce opponent of Freudianism in the name of a biomedical approach to mental disorders, we examine his shift based on additional sources. This research note examines the psychiatrist's journeys to Germany and the influence of his books. It also hypothesizes that extrascientific factors, related to his connections with the Nazi regime, may also have contributed to this rejection. Delgado's transatlantic engagement in a scientific conversation dominated by Europe at the time may have influenced his positions.

For the past 150 years, Science has become central to public issues, arbitrating all aspects of human life and defining what is natural and rational. Teaching the history of science by emphasising its dynamics as a social institution and the resulting stakes in global, national, and local politics is crucial for understanding the contemporary world. This article describes a course in this discipline that challenges traditional Western perspectives to ask pertinent questions across all time periods and societies. Presented as a guided tour, the course encourages students to critically engage with science as well as its history.

This article discusses the technoscientific production of the zika virus and disease and some implications for the health field. Articles on zika published between 1952 and 2014 were analyzed. The elements of scientific statements were collected and organized in a logical-temporal sequence. Three epistemic-discursive moments in the constitution of zika were characterized: experimental object, epidemiological object, and emergent object. In this constitutive trajectory, the central and paradoxical role of technoscientific development was highlighted. As more specialized and advanced knowledge on and techniques for the virus and disease investigation were produced, more detailed, complex ways of understanding them were created, composing a scenario of greater risks and insecurity for the health field.