Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100041
Diego Armus
These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.
{"title":"[When the present can help refine interpretations of the past: covid-19 in real time and the historiography of epidemics].","authors":"Diego Armus","doi":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100041","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"30 suppl 1","pages":"e2023041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100040
Catalina Kiss, Carlos Henrique Assunção Paiva, Luiz Antonio Teixeira
This article addresses the Brazilian government's response to the covid-19 pandemic, particularly the public health surveillance and epidemic intelligence system. It traces the evolution of disease surveillance as a response to the International Health Regulations in the context of global health. Executive orders published in the official gazette, Diário Oficial da União, are analyzed, as well as the actors and groups formed to tackle the pandemic between January 2020 and March 2022. The founding assumption is that epidemic intelligence must be placed at the service of public health. Bureaucratic tension and changes in protagonism among different groups can be observed as these intelligence mechanisms were dismantled.
{"title":"[Management in tension: the Brazilian public health surveillance system and its response to the covid-19 pandemic].","authors":"Catalina Kiss, Carlos Henrique Assunção Paiva, Luiz Antonio Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100040","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article addresses the Brazilian government's response to the covid-19 pandemic, particularly the public health surveillance and epidemic intelligence system. It traces the evolution of disease surveillance as a response to the International Health Regulations in the context of global health. Executive orders published in the official gazette, Diário Oficial da União, are analyzed, as well as the actors and groups formed to tackle the pandemic between January 2020 and March 2022. The founding assumption is that epidemic intelligence must be placed at the service of public health. Bureaucratic tension and changes in protagonism among different groups can be observed as these intelligence mechanisms were dismantled.</p>","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"30 suppl 1","pages":"e2023040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100023
Vinícius Maurício de Lima, Maria Gabriela Silva Martins da Cunha Marinho
This article describes the associations and controversies between indigenous and western uses of ayahuasca between 1850 and 1950 in relation to the "psychedelic renaissance." This movement has gained scientific attention since 2000, but hearkens back to the 1960s and 1970s, when anti-drug policy halted research on the "therapeutic potential" of psychoactive substances. Pioneering studies on ayahuasca date back to the early twentieth century and mention reports of expeditions to Amazonia from 1850 onward. Here, these articles and reports are analyzed according to the historical aspect of actor-network theory and recent studies. We infer that history casts light on the current political debate about indigenous uses, classifications, and meanings, pharmaceutical interest in ayahuasca, and the debate on "drugs."
{"title":"Reports by explorers and travelers and the first scientific studies on ayahuasca (dating from 1850 to 1950) within the current debate on the \"psychedelic renaissance\".","authors":"Vinícius Maurício de Lima, Maria Gabriela Silva Martins da Cunha Marinho","doi":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes the associations and controversies between indigenous and western uses of ayahuasca between 1850 and 1950 in relation to the \"psychedelic renaissance.\" This movement has gained scientific attention since 2000, but hearkens back to the 1960s and 1970s, when anti-drug policy halted research on the \"therapeutic potential\" of psychoactive substances. Pioneering studies on ayahuasca date back to the early twentieth century and mention reports of expeditions to Amazonia from 1850 onward. Here, these articles and reports are analyzed according to the historical aspect of actor-network theory and recent studies. We infer that history casts light on the current political debate about indigenous uses, classifications, and meanings, pharmaceutical interest in ayahuasca, and the debate on \"drugs.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"30 ","pages":"e2023023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10395591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100019
Bruno Capilé
{"title":"A ciência na construção da ignorância sobre a toxicidade de substâncias e ambientes nocivos","authors":"Bruno Capilé","doi":"10.1590/s0104-59702023000100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702023000100019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74090229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100022
Nicolás Duffau
{"title":"Voces marginadas, voces recuperadas: dilemas del trabajo con archivos de la locura en América Latina","authors":"Nicolás Duffau","doi":"10.1590/s0104-59702023000100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702023000100022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89306470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100015en
R. D. A. Viana
Abstract An analysis is presented of the work of three international entities in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s: Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade; Ação Comunitária do Brasil; and the United Nations. These entities conveyed the ideal of developmentalism through technical cooperation with countries deemed underdeveloped, drawing on the pure and applied social sciences through community development. Documents from the Anthony Leeds archive at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz were used to analyze these entities’ actions in the favelas and their conceptions of development. Their official documents were compared, including newspapers and programs, as well as fieldnotes and letters by social scientists engaged in fieldwork in favelas in the period.
摘要:本文分析了20世纪60年代三个国际实体在巴西贫民窟的工作:Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e organiza o de comidade;a o Comunitária do Brasil;以及联合国。这些实体通过与被认为不发达的国家进行技术合作，通过社区发展利用纯粹和应用的社会科学，传达了发展主义的理想。来自Casa de Oswaldo Cruz的Anthony Leeds档案的文件被用来分析这些实体在贫民窟的行动和他们的发展概念。比较了他们的官方文件，包括报纸和节目，以及在这一时期从事贫民窟田野调查的社会科学家的实地记录和信件。
{"title":"Development and the social sciences: international agencies in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s","authors":"R. D. A. Viana","doi":"10.1590/S0104-59702023000100015en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702023000100015en","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An analysis is presented of the work of three international entities in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s: Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade; Ação Comunitária do Brasil; and the United Nations. These entities conveyed the ideal of developmentalism through technical cooperation with countries deemed underdeveloped, drawing on the pure and applied social sciences through community development. Documents from the Anthony Leeds archive at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz were used to analyze these entities’ actions in the favelas and their conceptions of development. Their official documents were compared, including newspapers and programs, as well as fieldnotes and letters by social scientists engaged in fieldwork in favelas in the period.","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100021
Ligia María Peña Torres
{"title":"Excelencia científica en la periferia y nichos de experiencia, particularidades de la constitución de la microbiología en Centroamérica","authors":"Ligia María Peña Torres","doi":"10.1590/s0104-59702023000100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702023000100021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13134,"journal":{"name":"Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89619703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702023000100020
Cláudia Castelo
Samuël Coghe, pesquisador pós-doutoral em história global na Universidade de Berlim, tem estudado o colonialismo europeu em África, em particular o controlo de doenças, a saúde pública, as políticas populacionais e, mais recentemente, o gado como mercadoria imperial. Os resultados das suas pesquisas têm sido publicados em revistas científicas com elevado fator de impacto, como as Social History of Medicine, Journal of Contemporary History ou Medical History. Esse livro, baseado na tese de doutoramento do autor, defendida em 2014 no European University Institute, em Florença, corresponde a um exigente processo de maturação e revisão científica. O resultado é um estudo inovador que contribui para o avanço do conhecimento sobre Angola na primeira metade do século XX, nas vertentes da saúde, da demografia e da emigração, e o colonialismo português coevo. Porém, é muito mais do que isso. Inscrito numa história global que extravasa os quadros nacionais irá, seguramente, afirmar-se como referência na historiografia sobre políticas populacionais na África colonial. Escrita com elegância e clareza, e editada com esmero na coleção “Global Health Histories”, da prestigiada Cambridge University Press, a obra inclui um índice remissivo e um conjunto de mapas, tabelas, reproduções de documentos e imagens que acrescentam informação ao texto e, no caso das fotografias, a presença da experiência humana. Nota-se uma verdadeira articulação entre os seis capítulos, além do encadeamento cronológico, o que ajuda a progressão na leitura e o entendimento dos argumentos do autor. Esses são sintetizados em conclusões parcelares no fim de cada capítulo e numa conclusão geral. Um epílogo remete-nos ao período temporal seguinte, entre o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial e a independência de Angola (1945-75), marcado pelo boom da fixação de colonos brancos e pela persistência da ideia de um vasto e rico território fracamente povoado, quando noutras paragens se adensavam as preocupações com o sobrepovoamento. Demografia, saúde e emigração em Angola (c.1890-1945): uma perspetiva comparativa e transimperial Demographics, health, and emigration in Angola (c.1897-1945): a comparative, transimperial perspective
samuel Coghe是柏林大学全球历史博士后研究员，他一直在研究欧洲在非洲的殖民主义，特别是疾病控制、公共卫生、人口政策，以及最近作为帝国商品的牛。他的研究成果发表在《医学史》、《当代历史杂志》、《医学史》等影响因子高的科学期刊上。这本书是基于作者2014年在佛罗伦萨欧洲大学研究所(European University Institute)发表的博士论文，符合一个苛刻的成熟和科学审查过程。其结果是一项创新研究，有助于提高20世纪上半叶关于安哥拉的知识，包括健康、人口和移民以及葡萄牙殖民主义。然而，它远不止于此。在超越国家框架的全球历史中，它肯定会成为殖民非洲人口政策史学的参考。文字优雅且清晰,并编辑精心集合中的“全球健康历史”,著名的剑桥大学出版社的工作包括一个指数和一系列的图、表,添加信息的复制文件和图片的文字和照片,以防人类经验的存在。除了按时间顺序排列外，六章之间还有一个真正的联系，这有助于阅读和理解作者的论点。这些总结在每一章末尾的部分结论和一般结论中。后记是指我们之间的时间后,他在第二次世界大战结束独立安哥拉(1945 - -75),被白人殖民者的繁荣和持久性的广阔的领土和丰富的弱,当其他地方的居民有人口过剩的担忧。安哥拉的人口统计、健康和移民(c.1890-1945):比较和跨帝国视角安哥拉的人口统计、健康和移民(c.1897-1945):比较、跨帝国视角
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