Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2112507
A. Khoshakhlagh, S. Morais
Abstract Air pollution due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the workplace has been identified as a global problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the levels and the risk of occupational exposure of workers to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in carpet manufacturing plants. BTEX sampling in the workers’ breathing zones was performed according to occupational safety and health standard methods using a personal sampling pump and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The concentrations of all compounds were lower than the occupational exposure limits. However, the estimated lifetime cancer risks and the values of hazard quotient (95th percentile) for benzene and ethylbenzene suggest potential carcinogenic (2.97 additional cases per 10,000 employees exposed and 1.48 additional cases per 1,000 employees exposed) and non-carcinogenic (11.3–5.46 times greater than threshold risk level set by the US EPA) risks. Moreover, on the basis of the sensitivity analysis carried out using the Monte-Carlo simulation method, the concentration is the main parameter affecting significantly both cancer and non-cancer risks. This study is the first effort to provide information on health risk assessment of BTEX in the breathing zone of the employees in carpet manufacturing plants in the world and may be useful for potential plans of health risk management and reduction.
{"title":"Volatile organic compounds in carpet manufacturing plants: Exposure levels and probabilistic risk assessment using Monte-Carlo simulations","authors":"A. Khoshakhlagh, S. Morais","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2112507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2112507","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Air pollution due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the workplace has been identified as a global problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the levels and the risk of occupational exposure of workers to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in carpet manufacturing plants. BTEX sampling in the workers’ breathing zones was performed according to occupational safety and health standard methods using a personal sampling pump and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The concentrations of all compounds were lower than the occupational exposure limits. However, the estimated lifetime cancer risks and the values of hazard quotient (95th percentile) for benzene and ethylbenzene suggest potential carcinogenic (2.97 additional cases per 10,000 employees exposed and 1.48 additional cases per 1,000 employees exposed) and non-carcinogenic (11.3–5.46 times greater than threshold risk level set by the US EPA) risks. Moreover, on the basis of the sensitivity analysis carried out using the Monte-Carlo simulation method, the concentration is the main parameter affecting significantly both cancer and non-cancer risks. This study is the first effort to provide information on health risk assessment of BTEX in the breathing zone of the employees in carpet manufacturing plants in the world and may be useful for potential plans of health risk management and reduction.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"972 - 982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82997666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2110449
Anna Alfeus, Péter Molnár, J. Boman, J. Shirinde, J. Wichmann
Abstract Few human health risk assessment studies of air pollution exist in Africa. This study used the US EPA health risk framework to investigate the human health risks due to inhalation exposure to ambient PM2.5 and some of its trace element composition (Cl, Si, and Ti) in Cape Town, South Africa, for 12 months (April 2017 to April 2018). The safe average daily dose was determined using the yearly WHO guideline and South African ambient air quality standard for PM2.5 and the US EPA regional screening levels for trace elements. The average yearly PM2.5 concentration (13 µg/m3) was above the yearly WHO guideline (5 µg/m3), but below the yearly South African standard (20 µg/m3). The average yearly PM2.5 concentration posed a low risk to adults (Hazard Quotient = 0.66) compared to infants (HQ = 2.13) and children (HQ =1.96). Cl posed health risks to all age groups (HQ > 1). The study concludes that PM2.5 and its trace element components pose adverse health effects to all population age groups. The toxicity of PM2.5 depends on its composition; hence this study recommends a source apportionment study to quantify the source contributions and inform the right abatement strategies.
{"title":"Inhalation health risk assessment of ambient PM2.5 and associated trace elements in Cape Town, South Africa","authors":"Anna Alfeus, Péter Molnár, J. Boman, J. Shirinde, J. Wichmann","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2110449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2110449","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Few human health risk assessment studies of air pollution exist in Africa. This study used the US EPA health risk framework to investigate the human health risks due to inhalation exposure to ambient PM2.5 and some of its trace element composition (Cl, Si, and Ti) in Cape Town, South Africa, for 12 months (April 2017 to April 2018). The safe average daily dose was determined using the yearly WHO guideline and South African ambient air quality standard for PM2.5 and the US EPA regional screening levels for trace elements. The average yearly PM2.5 concentration (13 µg/m3) was above the yearly WHO guideline (5 µg/m3), but below the yearly South African standard (20 µg/m3). The average yearly PM2.5 concentration posed a low risk to adults (Hazard Quotient = 0.66) compared to infants (HQ = 2.13) and children (HQ =1.96). Cl posed health risks to all age groups (HQ > 1). The study concludes that PM2.5 and its trace element components pose adverse health effects to all population age groups. The toxicity of PM2.5 depends on its composition; hence this study recommends a source apportionment study to quantify the source contributions and inform the right abatement strategies.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"917 - 929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84729227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2075316
A. Shakeri, Hashim Hosseini, M. Rastegari Mehr, M. Dashti Barmaki
Abstract Numerous political and economic crises, and successive wars in Afghanistan have put safe water resources at risk due to mismanagement in the country. In this study, groundwater quality in the Herat aquifer, western Afghanistan is evaluated by geochemical methods and quality indices. Total of 27 samples were collected and analyzed for nitrate, fluoride and trace elements. Sodium and bicarbonate are the main cation and anion, respectively. Various diagrams revealed that rock weathering and normal ion exchange may controls the major ion chemistry. Granitic or biotite gneiss rocks and leachate from the Herat urban sewage are the main sources of fluoride and nitrate, respectively. Geogenic source of the studied parameters was verified by principal component analysis (PCA). Groundwater is contaminated by F, As and U in the Northwest of the region, and by nitrate almost in the majority of samples, especially in urban areas. Water quality index (WQI) showed poor quality for 29.6% of the samples, and the best quality was observed in Southwest of the area. Also, based on heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), the highest pollution was observed in Northwestern region. Nitrate poses a serious health risk to consumers (particularly in central parts), so that non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values ranged from 1.1 to 3 in most of the samples, and very high (> 3) non-carcinogenic risk values were observed in 4 sampling sites.
{"title":"Groundwater quality evaluation using water quality index (WQI) and human health risk (HHR) assessment in Herat aquifer, west Afghanistan","authors":"A. Shakeri, Hashim Hosseini, M. Rastegari Mehr, M. Dashti Barmaki","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2075316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2075316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous political and economic crises, and successive wars in Afghanistan have put safe water resources at risk due to mismanagement in the country. In this study, groundwater quality in the Herat aquifer, western Afghanistan is evaluated by geochemical methods and quality indices. Total of 27 samples were collected and analyzed for nitrate, fluoride and trace elements. Sodium and bicarbonate are the main cation and anion, respectively. Various diagrams revealed that rock weathering and normal ion exchange may controls the major ion chemistry. Granitic or biotite gneiss rocks and leachate from the Herat urban sewage are the main sources of fluoride and nitrate, respectively. Geogenic source of the studied parameters was verified by principal component analysis (PCA). Groundwater is contaminated by F, As and U in the Northwest of the region, and by nitrate almost in the majority of samples, especially in urban areas. Water quality index (WQI) showed poor quality for 29.6% of the samples, and the best quality was observed in Southwest of the area. Also, based on heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), the highest pollution was observed in Northwestern region. Nitrate poses a serious health risk to consumers (particularly in central parts), so that non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values ranged from 1.1 to 3 in most of the samples, and very high (> 3) non-carcinogenic risk values were observed in 4 sampling sites.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"711 - 733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73731551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2093156
Guowei Nan, Lei Han, Yueyue Wang
Abstract The natural, economic, social, resource and other factors were incorporated into the framework of VSD model, and vulnerability and obstacle degree models were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of coupled human–environment system in Yan'an City. The results show that: (1) The overall vulnerability of coupled human–environment systems in Yan'an city from 2000 to 2014 is between 0.2589 and 17.0180, the vulnerability index values of counties in the northwest and northeast are higher, while those in the central and southern regions are lower. (2) The spatial variability in exposure (0.1516–0.2255), sensitivity (0.2235–0.3093), adaptive capacity (0.6588–0.8865) and vulnerability (0.7502–0.7949) in the study area from 2000 to 2014 showed a downward trend. The spatial variability in exposure and sensitivity in each period was moderate, while adaptive capacity and vulnerability displayed strong variability. (3) There are significant differences in the obstacles affecting vulnerability in the study area. Unreasonable economic structure, fragile ecological environment, low level of economic and social development and low efficiency of production are the leading factors affecting the sustainability of coupled human–environment system, which means that how to adjust the economic structure and improve the ecological environment is the key to the sustainable development of resource-based cities.
{"title":"Assessing vulnerability of coupled human–environment systems and its influence factors in Yan'an City, China","authors":"Guowei Nan, Lei Han, Yueyue Wang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2093156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2093156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The natural, economic, social, resource and other factors were incorporated into the framework of VSD model, and vulnerability and obstacle degree models were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of coupled human–environment system in Yan'an City. The results show that: (1) The overall vulnerability of coupled human–environment systems in Yan'an city from 2000 to 2014 is between 0.2589 and 17.0180, the vulnerability index values of counties in the northwest and northeast are higher, while those in the central and southern regions are lower. (2) The spatial variability in exposure (0.1516–0.2255), sensitivity (0.2235–0.3093), adaptive capacity (0.6588–0.8865) and vulnerability (0.7502–0.7949) in the study area from 2000 to 2014 showed a downward trend. The spatial variability in exposure and sensitivity in each period was moderate, while adaptive capacity and vulnerability displayed strong variability. (3) There are significant differences in the obstacles affecting vulnerability in the study area. Unreasonable economic structure, fragile ecological environment, low level of economic and social development and low efficiency of production are the leading factors affecting the sustainability of coupled human–environment system, which means that how to adjust the economic structure and improve the ecological environment is the key to the sustainable development of resource-based cities.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":"783 - 801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2107479
Bahare Dehdashti, A. Feizi, A. Arvin, N. Bagheri, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, M. Amin, R. Kelishadi
Abstract According to the epidemiological evidences, long-term exposure to trihalomethanes containing bromine (Br-THMs) is associated with a variety of unpleasant consequences such as congenital malformations, preterm delivery, changing in gestational age, fetal growth and death, etc. The objective of current work was to monitor Br-THMs concentration in the pregnant women’s urine samples, to understand relationship between Br-THMs concentration and sociodemographic and water-use behavior as lifestyle factors. In this study, 118 third-trimester pregnant women, who cooperated in the Persian Birth Cohort, were studied. The concentration distribution of urine samples that were measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MC) had a positive deviation that was exposed to logarithmic transformation. By utilization of independent samples of t test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman ranks correlation coefficient, and multivariable linear regression, relationship between Br-THMs concentrations of urine with demographic and lifestyle factors was evaluated. According to the results, mean concentrations (standard deviation) of Br-THMs including bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and total bromoform (TBM) were recorded as 30.17 (40.80), 10.25 (11.37), 14.76 (27.17), and 4.96 (3.21) ng/L, respectively. The regression model predicted significant increase in relationship between time of washing clothes by hand and the concentration of Br-THMs. In the analysis of the relationship between using storage tanks as a source of drinking water and the contaminants, according to different statistical methods, inverse meaningful correlation relationship was found.
{"title":"Urinary brominated trihalomethanes among pregnant women: Correlation with lifestyle factors","authors":"Bahare Dehdashti, A. Feizi, A. Arvin, N. Bagheri, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, M. Amin, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2107479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2107479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the epidemiological evidences, long-term exposure to trihalomethanes containing bromine (Br-THMs) is associated with a variety of unpleasant consequences such as congenital malformations, preterm delivery, changing in gestational age, fetal growth and death, etc. The objective of current work was to monitor Br-THMs concentration in the pregnant women’s urine samples, to understand relationship between Br-THMs concentration and sociodemographic and water-use behavior as lifestyle factors. In this study, 118 third-trimester pregnant women, who cooperated in the Persian Birth Cohort, were studied. The concentration distribution of urine samples that were measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MC) had a positive deviation that was exposed to logarithmic transformation. By utilization of independent samples of t test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman ranks correlation coefficient, and multivariable linear regression, relationship between Br-THMs concentrations of urine with demographic and lifestyle factors was evaluated. According to the results, mean concentrations (standard deviation) of Br-THMs including bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and total bromoform (TBM) were recorded as 30.17 (40.80), 10.25 (11.37), 14.76 (27.17), and 4.96 (3.21) ng/L, respectively. The regression model predicted significant increase in relationship between time of washing clothes by hand and the concentration of Br-THMs. In the analysis of the relationship between using storage tanks as a source of drinking water and the contaminants, according to different statistical methods, inverse meaningful correlation relationship was found.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"878 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74945320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2107480
Amarjeet Rathee, S. Yadav
Abstract Sporadic emissions of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles at breathing level height (BLH) during Diwali, before Diwali and after Diwali (DD, BD and AD) in fireworks ban and no-ban years (2017 and 2018) were studied for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), metals and health risk. Average PM2.5 level at BLH exceeded Air Quality Standard (60 µgm−3) by 7.6, 3.7 and 3.2 times during BD, DD and AD, respectively, in 2017 while impulsive increase was observed in 2018 during DD (26 times) followed by AD and BD (5.2 and 4.7 times). Al, K, Sr, Ba, NO3 -, OC, Cl- in PM2.5 showed sudden increase during DD compared to BD and AD in non-Ban year (2018) and can be considered as markers of firework display. OC was more than EC in PM2.5 and was highest during BD and AD, as compare to DD. Dry deposition of emissions and re-suspension of residual ash/unburnt mass could be a reason for poor air quality at BLH. High Hazardous Index (HI) values in both size particles indicated that children were more vulnerable to exposure and were at high risk compared to adults. Cr followed by Cd and Ni in particles posed carcinogenic risk to children and adults. More such studies shall be conducted at BLH to improve human health risk assessment due to PM2.5 exposure.
{"title":"Health risk assessment using chemical signatures of fine and coarse particles collected at breathing level height during firework display in New Delhi, India","authors":"Amarjeet Rathee, S. Yadav","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2107480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2107480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sporadic emissions of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles at breathing level height (BLH) during Diwali, before Diwali and after Diwali (DD, BD and AD) in fireworks ban and no-ban years (2017 and 2018) were studied for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), metals and health risk. Average PM2.5 level at BLH exceeded Air Quality Standard (60 µgm−3) by 7.6, 3.7 and 3.2 times during BD, DD and AD, respectively, in 2017 while impulsive increase was observed in 2018 during DD (26 times) followed by AD and BD (5.2 and 4.7 times). Al, K, Sr, Ba, NO3 -, OC, Cl- in PM2.5 showed sudden increase during DD compared to BD and AD in non-Ban year (2018) and can be considered as markers of firework display. OC was more than EC in PM2.5 and was highest during BD and AD, as compare to DD. Dry deposition of emissions and re-suspension of residual ash/unburnt mass could be a reason for poor air quality at BLH. High Hazardous Index (HI) values in both size particles indicated that children were more vulnerable to exposure and were at high risk compared to adults. Cr followed by Cd and Ni in particles posed carcinogenic risk to children and adults. More such studies shall be conducted at BLH to improve human health risk assessment due to PM2.5 exposure.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"483 1","pages":"893 - 916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77050188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2105195
Y. Jian, Xia Yunting, Tian Xianghong, Zhang Rong, Bian Zhanqiang
Abstract A study to monitor endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) [including pesticides, phthalate acid esters (PAEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] in drinking water treatment plants from water source to consumers tap in Chengdu Plain was undertaken. A total of 37 source water, 37 finished water, and 37 tap water samples were collected during the period from July to August in 2021. Based on the survey results, a human health noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for adults and children. The results showed that the pesticides: atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, heptachlor, and chlorpyrifos were detected in source, finished, and tap water, the detection rate of heptachlor was the highest in source (29.73%), finished (21.62%), and tap water (29.73%). Hexachlorobenzene and chlorothalonium were not detected in source, finished, and tap water. The concentrations of total PAEs ranged from not detected (nd)—1788.79 ng/L (median = 470.23 ng/L), nd to 3755.13 ng/L (median = 423 ng/L), and nd to 4095.89 ng/L (median = 585.12 ng/L) for source, finished, and tap water, respectively. The ΣPCBs were from nd to 239.65 ng/L (median = 91.03 ng/L), nd to 50.4 ng/L (median = 18.04 ng/L), and nd to 157.96 ng/L (median = 58.13 ng/L) for source, finished, and tap water, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of EDCs in tap water of Chengdu Plain was lower than 1 and the highest value was 1.60E-02, which suggests that EDCs are considered unlikely to pose noncarcinogenic effects to individuals. Carcinogenic risk caused by EDCs for adults (both in median and highest concentration) was much lower than the 1.0E-04 cancer risk level, while the highest risk caused by EDCs for children through tap water was 9.48E-05.
{"title":"Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in source water, finished water, and tap water from drinking water treatment plants and its human risk assessment in Chengdu Plain, China","authors":"Y. Jian, Xia Yunting, Tian Xianghong, Zhang Rong, Bian Zhanqiang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2105195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2105195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study to monitor endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) [including pesticides, phthalate acid esters (PAEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] in drinking water treatment plants from water source to consumers tap in Chengdu Plain was undertaken. A total of 37 source water, 37 finished water, and 37 tap water samples were collected during the period from July to August in 2021. Based on the survey results, a human health noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for adults and children. The results showed that the pesticides: atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, heptachlor, and chlorpyrifos were detected in source, finished, and tap water, the detection rate of heptachlor was the highest in source (29.73%), finished (21.62%), and tap water (29.73%). Hexachlorobenzene and chlorothalonium were not detected in source, finished, and tap water. The concentrations of total PAEs ranged from not detected (nd)—1788.79 ng/L (median = 470.23 ng/L), nd to 3755.13 ng/L (median = 423 ng/L), and nd to 4095.89 ng/L (median = 585.12 ng/L) for source, finished, and tap water, respectively. The ΣPCBs were from nd to 239.65 ng/L (median = 91.03 ng/L), nd to 50.4 ng/L (median = 18.04 ng/L), and nd to 157.96 ng/L (median = 58.13 ng/L) for source, finished, and tap water, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of EDCs in tap water of Chengdu Plain was lower than 1 and the highest value was 1.60E-02, which suggests that EDCs are considered unlikely to pose noncarcinogenic effects to individuals. Carcinogenic risk caused by EDCs for adults (both in median and highest concentration) was much lower than the 1.0E-04 cancer risk level, while the highest risk caused by EDCs for children through tap water was 9.48E-05.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"862 - 877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2104693
S. Qaysi, Salman S. Alharbi, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi
Abstract The research aims to characterize the shallow coastal aquifer of the Red Sea in terms of lateral and vertical extensions and to determine the factors controlling the quality of groundwater using the Time-Domain Electromagnetic sounding method. The aquifer consists of alluvial sediments with an increasing thickness toward NE. Groundwater resistivity is variable from less than 5 Ω.m at the coastal strip to 20 Ω.m at 5 km toward NE. Furthermore, resistivity reached up to 100 Ω.m in other parts of the area. Variations in aquifer resistivity are attributed to lithological changes and seawater intrusion. Aquifer resistivity and the total dissolved solid values from wells indicate that the aquifer is adequate for agricultural usage except along the coastal areas.
{"title":"Hydrogeophysical characterization of the Southern Red Sea coastal aquifer, Saudi Arabia, using Time-Domain electromagnetic method","authors":"S. Qaysi, Salman S. Alharbi, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2104693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2104693","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research aims to characterize the shallow coastal aquifer of the Red Sea in terms of lateral and vertical extensions and to determine the factors controlling the quality of groundwater using the Time-Domain Electromagnetic sounding method. The aquifer consists of alluvial sediments with an increasing thickness toward NE. Groundwater resistivity is variable from less than 5 Ω.m at the coastal strip to 20 Ω.m at 5 km toward NE. Furthermore, resistivity reached up to 100 Ω.m in other parts of the area. Variations in aquifer resistivity are attributed to lithological changes and seawater intrusion. Aquifer resistivity and the total dissolved solid values from wells indicate that the aquifer is adequate for agricultural usage except along the coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"449 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75228876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Phytoremediation is a promising bio-technology where plants associated with microbes are employed to remediate sites co-contaminated with petroleum. With the in-depth study of plant restoration, it is necessary to explore the dynamic changes of microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effects of Ryegrass on bacterial community and diversity in petroleum contaminated soil. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the bacterial communities in 14 groups samples at different repair stages. It was concluded that different responses were observed to promote or inhibit microbial reproduction. The most significant bacterial family were Comamonadaceae, Nocardiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, and Cytophagacea. Comamonadaceae showed the highest level of remediation in non-petroleum-contaminated soils at 90 days. However, Blastocatellaceae and Cytophagaceae exhibited high microbial contents in petroleum-contaminated soil at 0 and 40 days, respectively. In all samples, plants improved the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and the highest abundance of microbial communities were found after 90 days. These data indicate that not only rhizosphere secretions but also petroleum, will promote microbial growth. Moreover, the repair time has a vital effect on microbial community changes. This study supports the foundation to control soil pollution and highlight the periodic dynamic of microbial community diversity and structure.
{"title":"Temporal effect of phytoremediation on the bacterial community in petroleum-contaminated soil","authors":"Yuanyuan Shen, Yuchen Ji, Wenke Wang, Tianpeng Gao, Haijuan Li, Mingyan Xiao","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2102460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2102460","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phytoremediation is a promising bio-technology where plants associated with microbes are employed to remediate sites co-contaminated with petroleum. With the in-depth study of plant restoration, it is necessary to explore the dynamic changes of microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effects of Ryegrass on bacterial community and diversity in petroleum contaminated soil. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the bacterial communities in 14 groups samples at different repair stages. It was concluded that different responses were observed to promote or inhibit microbial reproduction. The most significant bacterial family were Comamonadaceae, Nocardiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, and Cytophagacea. Comamonadaceae showed the highest level of remediation in non-petroleum-contaminated soils at 90 days. However, Blastocatellaceae and Cytophagaceae exhibited high microbial contents in petroleum-contaminated soil at 0 and 40 days, respectively. In all samples, plants improved the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and the highest abundance of microbial communities were found after 90 days. These data indicate that not only rhizosphere secretions but also petroleum, will promote microbial growth. Moreover, the repair time has a vital effect on microbial community changes. This study supports the foundation to control soil pollution and highlight the periodic dynamic of microbial community diversity and structure.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"427 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89264508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2101429
D. E. Mohamad Haron, M. Yoneda, R. Hod, M. I. A. Wahab, M. Aziz
Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing global concern due to their widespread use and potential harm to human and animal health. Several EDCs have been linked to cancer, obesity, and diabetes in children and adults. EDCs come from manufacturers or everyday products like cookware, textile, cosmetic, furniture, and plastic. Some EDCs are volatile and may be inhaled by the inhabitants where indoor exposure to EDCs is considered worse than outdoor exposure due to the limited and confined area allowing dermal contact and ingestion of EDCs. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021, all Malaysians were confined to their homes, prompting the goal of this study to investigate EDCs in household dust collected from Klang Valley homes. A total of 57 dust samples were collected, filtered, and extracted using methanol. EDCs including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol and parabens were identified and quantified in dust samples by liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), butylparaben (BuP), methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) was detected in 50–100% of dust samples, with range of concentration of 0.31–3693.96 ng/g, indicating that these compounds are common in indoor dust. Methylparaben was the most prevalent EDC in collected dust samples with mean concentration at 148. 18 ng/g, accounting for 54% of the concentration distribution, followed by BuP and PFOA. There were regional differences in EDC profiles, with higher PFAS and paraben levels in urban areas such as Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, and Petaling. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of EDCs from indoor dust ingestion varied by age, with infants having a significantly higher EDI (p < .01) than children and adults. Despite safe for consumption (Hazard Quotient, HQ < 1), these findings provide a baseline for assessing PFAS, bisphenol, and paraben in indoor dust from Malaysian homes.
{"title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenol and paraben compounds in dust collected from residential homes in Klang Valley, Malaysia","authors":"D. E. Mohamad Haron, M. Yoneda, R. Hod, M. I. A. Wahab, M. Aziz","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2101429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2101429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing global concern due to their widespread use and potential harm to human and animal health. Several EDCs have been linked to cancer, obesity, and diabetes in children and adults. EDCs come from manufacturers or everyday products like cookware, textile, cosmetic, furniture, and plastic. Some EDCs are volatile and may be inhaled by the inhabitants where indoor exposure to EDCs is considered worse than outdoor exposure due to the limited and confined area allowing dermal contact and ingestion of EDCs. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021, all Malaysians were confined to their homes, prompting the goal of this study to investigate EDCs in household dust collected from Klang Valley homes. A total of 57 dust samples were collected, filtered, and extracted using methanol. EDCs including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol and parabens were identified and quantified in dust samples by liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), butylparaben (BuP), methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) was detected in 50–100% of dust samples, with range of concentration of 0.31–3693.96 ng/g, indicating that these compounds are common in indoor dust. Methylparaben was the most prevalent EDC in collected dust samples with mean concentration at 148. 18 ng/g, accounting for 54% of the concentration distribution, followed by BuP and PFOA. There were regional differences in EDC profiles, with higher PFAS and paraben levels in urban areas such as Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, and Petaling. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of EDCs from indoor dust ingestion varied by age, with infants having a significantly higher EDI (p < .01) than children and adults. Despite safe for consumption (Hazard Quotient, HQ < 1), these findings provide a baseline for assessing PFAS, bisphenol, and paraben in indoor dust from Malaysian homes.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"827 - 843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78056050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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