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Water Savings and Performance of ‘KSUZ 0802’ Hybrid Zoysiagrass in Response to Irrigation Strategy 杂交结缕草‘KSUZ 0802’节水性能对灌溉策略的响应
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05157-22
Manoj Chhetri, J. Fry, M. Kennelly, D. Bremer, A. Chandra, Justin Eads
Irrigation methods that can minimize water use are needed, and the performance of recently released ‘KSUZ 0802’ hybrid zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella × Zoysia japonica) has not been evaluated under such management. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in Manhattan, KS, and Dallas, TX, USA, to compare the amount of water applied and ‘KSUZ 0802’ performance and recovery resulting from irrigation using the following: 1) routine irrigation (1.2 inches/week), 2) evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation (60% of reference ET), 3) soil moisture sensor (SMS)-based irrigation, and 4) no irrigation. The experiment was conducted under a rainout shelter in Kansas from 15 Jul to 27 Sep 2019 and 8 Jun to 19 Oct 2020, and in Texas the experiment was conducted under open field conditions from 22 Jun to 9 Sep 2020. The SMS-based irrigation method in Kansas reduced water application by 68% and 52%, respectively, compared with routine or ET-based irrigation. In Texas, the corresponding water savings were 29% and 13%, respectively. The water savings discrepancy was mainly due to differences in local weather conditions and irrigation demand. Visual turf quality of turf receiving SMS-based irrigation remained above the minimally acceptable level throughout the study in Kansas, whereas in Texas, turf quality declined below acceptable level after 2 weeks. In Kansas, turf retained acceptable quality for more than 21 days with no irrigation, and after rewatering, nonirrigated turf recovered back to significant green cover (93% in 2019 and 67% in 2020). ‘KSUZ 0802’ demonstrated good drought tolerance and recovery in Kansas.
需要能够最大限度地减少用水的灌溉方法,而最近发布的“KSUZ 0802”杂交结缕草(结缕草×结缕草)的性能尚未在这种管理下进行评估。因此,在堪萨斯州曼哈顿和美国得克萨斯州达拉斯进行了田间试验,以比较灌溉的水量和“KSUZ 0802”性能和回收率,使用以下方法:1)常规灌溉(1.2英寸/周),2)基于蒸散(ET)的灌溉(参考ET的60%),3)基于土壤湿度传感器(SMS)的灌溉,以及4)不灌溉。该实验于2019年7月15日至9月27日和2020年6月8日至10月19日在堪萨斯州的一个防雨棚下进行,在德克萨斯州,该实验于2020年6日22日至9日在露天条件下进行。与常规灌溉或ET灌溉相比,堪萨斯州基于SMS的灌溉方法分别减少了68%和52%的用水。在得克萨斯州,相应的节水率分别为29%和13%。节水差异主要是由于当地天气条件和灌溉需求的差异。在堪萨斯州的整个研究过程中,接受SMS灌溉的草坪的视觉草坪质量保持在最低可接受水平以上,而在德克萨斯州,草坪质量在2周后下降到可接受水平以下。在堪萨斯州,草皮在没有灌溉的情况下保持了21天以上的可接受质量,在重新浇水后,未灌溉的草皮恢复到了显著的绿色覆盖率(2019年为93%,2020年为67%)KSUZ 0802’在堪萨斯州表现出良好的抗旱性和恢复能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Two Media Formulations and Two Vented Culture Vessels for Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Hemp Shoot Tip Cultures 两种培养基配方及两种通气培养容器对大麻茎尖增殖生根的比较
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05179-22
Lillian N. Borbas, Lauren E. Kurtz, Jessica D. Lubell-Brand
Micropropagation of hemp (Cannabis sativa) is constrained by problems with hyperhydricity and culture decline of microshoots. These problems can be reduced by increasing agar and nutrients in the media during micropropagation stages 1 and 2, respectfully. Performance of microshoots of ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ hemp cultured in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium (DKW) for 15 weeks (6 weeks of stage 1 + 9 weeks of stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks during both stages 1 and 2, or in Murashige and Skoog with vitamins medium (MS) for 6 weeks (stage 1) followed by Lubell-Brand Cannabis medium (LBC) for 9 weeks (stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks during both stages 1 and 2, was evaluated. In a separate study, microshoot performance of ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ in MS for 3 weeks (stage 1) followed by LBC for 6 weeks (stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks, using boxes (Magenta GA-7) with lids featuring a vent with a diameter of 10 mm and a pore size of 0.2 µM or using microboxes (Sac O2 O95/114 + OD95) with lids featuring a filter (Sac O2 #10) were evaluated. Shoot multiplication rate (SMR) and explant height were greater for ‘Abacus’ in LBC than DKW. For ‘Wife’, SMR at 9 weeks was greater in LBC, as LBC provided more nutrients and water than cultures had received in MS initially during stage 1. Culture medium did not influence ex vitro rooting success, which was 75% for ‘Abacus’ and ≥ 90% for ‘Wife’. Microboxes resulted in greater hyperhydricity of shoots and a lower ex vitro rooting percentage than boxes. For cultivars that are highly prone to developing hyperhydricity, like ‘Abacus’, the microboxes were not adequate to control this condition.
大麻(Cannabis sativa)的微繁殖受到水分过多和微芽培养下降等问题的制约。这些问题可以通过增加培养基中的琼脂和营养物质在增殖阶段1和2,分别减少。“Abacus”和“Wife”大麻的微芽在Driver和Kuniyuki核桃培养基(DKW)中培养15周(第1阶段6周+第2阶段9周),在第1和2阶段每3周进行继代培养,或在Murashige和Skoog含维生素培养基(MS)中培养6周(第1阶段),然后在Lubell-Brand大麻培养基(LBC)中培养9周(第2阶段),在第1和2阶段每3周进行继代培养,评估其性能。在另一项研究中,“Abacus”和“Wife”在MS中微芽培养3周(第1阶段),然后LBC培养6周(第2阶段),每3周进行继代培养,使用盒式培养基(Magenta GA-7),盒式培养基的气孔直径为10 mm,孔径为0.2µM,或使用盒式培养基(Sac O2 O95/114 + OD95),盒式培养基的盖子带有过滤器(Sac O2 #10)。在LBC条件下,‘Abacus’植株增殖率和外植体高度均高于DKW。对于“妻子”,9周时LBC的SMR更高,因为LBC提供的营养和水比MS在第1阶段最初获得的培养物更多。培养基对离体生根成功率没有影响,Abacus为75%,Wife为≥90%。微箱处理比箱处理产生更大的高水分和更低的离体生根率。对于像‘Abacus’这样高度容易发生过水性的品种,微箱不足以控制这种情况。
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引用次数: 1
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research 让本科生参与研究
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05130-22
Chad T. Miller, M. Drewery, T. M. Waliczek, R. Contreras, Chieri Kubota
A primary goal of undergraduate education is to provide a comprehensive and diverse educational experience to prepare and promote student success in their professional and personal pursuits. Increased academic success and program connectivity have been demonstrated when undergraduate students are engaged in research early in their degree programs. Despite the known benefits of undergraduates engaging in research, there are challenges associated with conducting undergraduate research programs. Reported barriers include the lack of student knowledge about research methods, lack of preparedness, and lack of student identification and understanding of their specific interests which may not facilitate research ideas and affinity to conduct research. Additional challenges are related to the lack of faculty resources (e.g., time, specific equipment, research space, etc.), the ability to train and supervise undergraduates who may have very limited or no research experience and those students who are true beginners lacking foundational skills. Moreover, involving, engaging, and supporting underrepresented students (e.g., first-generation college students, females, ethnic minorities) in undergraduate research experiences can require different approaches for mentors to be effective. The “Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research” workshop was organized by the Vice Presidents of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) Research and Education Divisions at the ASHS 2022 Annual Conference in Chicago, IL, USA. The workshop featured three speakers who described their experiences engaging undergraduate students in research. After each speaker provided comments for ≈5 minutes, the workshop attendees self-selected into three breakout groups with the speakers for roundtable discussions related to engaging students in research through coursework, engaging students via formal research projects, and engaging underrepresented students in research. After the breakout group discussions, a summary was given by each group, and whole group discussions and comments were facilitated. This is a summary of the information discussed and shared during the workshop, along with information that can assist faculty with developing and implementing undergraduate research experiences.
本科教育的主要目标是提供全面和多样化的教育经验,以准备和促进学生在专业和个人追求方面的成功。当本科生在学位课程的早期参与研究时,学术上的成功和项目的联系已经得到了证明。尽管本科生从事研究有众所周知的好处,但开展本科生研究项目也存在挑战。报告的障碍包括缺乏学生对研究方法的了解,缺乏准备,以及缺乏学生对其特定兴趣的识别和理解,这可能不利于促进研究思路和亲和力进行研究。其他挑战与师资资源的缺乏(如时间、特定设备、研究空间等)、培训和监督那些研究经验非常有限或没有研究经验的本科生以及那些真正的初学者缺乏基本技能的学生的能力有关。此外,让代表性不足的学生(例如,第一代大学生、女性、少数民族)参与、参与和支持本科研究经历,可能需要不同的方法才能使导师发挥作用。“让本科生参与研究”研讨会是由美国园艺科学学会(ASHS)研究和教育部门的副主席在美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥举行的ASHS 2022年年会上组织的。研讨会邀请了三位演讲者,他们描述了他们吸引本科生参与研究的经历。在每位演讲者提供约5分钟的评论后,研讨会参与者自行选择与演讲者分成三个分组进行圆桌讨论,涉及通过课程作业让学生参与研究,通过正式研究项目让学生参与研究,以及让代表性不足的学生参与研究。分组讨论结束后,每个小组进行总结,并促进整个小组的讨论和评论。这是研讨会期间讨论和分享的信息的总结,以及可以帮助教师开发和实施本科生研究经验的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Classroom Trade Show: An Alternative to Traditional Classroom Presentations in an Undergraduate Plant Identification Course 课堂贸易展示:传统课堂展示在本科植物鉴定课程中的替代方案
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05148-22
Chad T. Miller
Students enrolled in a landscape plant identification course were assigned a plant project at the beginning of the semester that comprised a written portion and a presentation portion. During the Spring 2014 semester, an electronic slide presentation portion was replaced by a “trade show” display presentation format. The modification was implemented to provide a more meaningful and applicable learning experience because trade shows are important events in the horticulture industry. Using this format, students were required to present or sell their plant genus by constructing an informative display, similar to that used for a tradeshow. Groups of students presented on different days. Students who were not presenting or selling were the “customers,” and they perused the trade show to learn about the various genera. A postactivity assessment survey was administered to gain insight into the student learning experience. The activity was evaluated during five spring semesters. Students responded that they were more comfortable with the trade show style of presentation than with a traditional presentation style, with a Likert scale rating of 1.5 (1–5). When asked to rate their ability to be creative with this activity, students agreed (Likert scale rating of 4.2) that the trade show activity allowed them to be creative. Eighty-nine percent of the students liked the activity. When asked to rate the activity compared with a more traditional speech in front of the class, students gave it a rating of 1.4, which is between excellent and above average. During the five semesters, nearly all students (97%) recommended that the trade show activity should be implemented again in future classes. The trade show format was well-received by students and can assist with the professional skills development of students.
参加景观植物鉴定课程的学生在学期初被分配了一个植物项目,该项目包括书面部分和演示部分。2014年春季学期,电子幻灯片演示部分被“贸易展”展示演示格式所取代。实施这一修改是为了提供更有意义和适用性的学习体验,因为贸易展是园艺行业的重要活动。使用这种形式,学生们被要求通过构建一个信息展示来展示或出售他们的植物属,类似于商业展览。一组组学生在不同的日子展示。没有展示或销售的学生是“顾客”,他们仔细阅读贸易展,了解各种属。进行了一项活动后评估调查,以深入了解学生的学习经历。该活动在五个春季学期进行了评估。学生们回答说,他们对贸易展的展示风格比传统的展示风格更满意,Likert量表评分为1.5(1-5)。当被要求对他们在这项活动中的创造力进行评分时,学生们一致认为(Likert量表评分为4.2)贸易展活动让他们有创造力。89%的学生喜欢这个活动。当被要求将这项活动与课堂上更传统的演讲进行比较时,学生们给了1.4分,介于优秀和平均水平之间。在五个学期中,几乎所有的学生(97%)都建议在未来的课堂上再次实施贸易展活动。贸易展形式深受学生欢迎,有助于学生的专业技能发展。
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引用次数: 0
Commercial Bioinoculants Increase Root Length Colonization and Improve Petiole Nutrient Concentration of Field-grown Grapevines 商品化生物接种剂增加田间葡萄根系长度定植并提高叶柄营养浓度
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05110-22
Mariam P. Berdeja, Q. Ye, T. Bauerle, Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
Agricultural bioinoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi represent a potential opportunity to reduce the dependence of grapevines (Vitis) on agrochemicals. This field study assessed the ability of four commercial bioinoculants to colonize grapevine roots and their effects on petiole nutrient concentration, berry composition, and root morphology of ‘Pinot noir’ (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto rootstock ‘Couderc 3309’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis rupestris) and ‘Riesling’ (V. vinifera) grafted onto ‘Couderc 3309’ and Selection Oppenheim four (Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia). Three bioinoculants increased root mycorrhizal colonization; however, regardless of the treatment, mycorrhizal fungal structures were enhanced. Grapevine petiole nutrient concentration was improved by bioinoculants. Root diameter, root length density, and specific root length increased with greater mycorrhizal root colonization. Using bioinoculants to reduce chemical fertilizers may be a good strategy to improve grapevine productivity and health in cool climates; however, the impact of mycorrhizal bioinoculants in the vineyard may differ among scion–rootstocks, edaphoclimatic conditions, and vineyard soil microbiomes.
含有丛枝菌根真菌的农业生物接种剂代表了减少葡萄对农用化学品依赖的潜在机会。本研究评估了4种商业生物接种剂对葡萄根定殖的能力,以及它们对嫁接到砧木“葡萄3309”(ritis riparia × Vitis rupestris)上的“黑皮诺”(Pinot noir)、嫁接到砧木“葡萄3309”上的“雷司令”(Riesling)和选择奥本海姆4号(Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia)的叶柄营养浓度、浆果成分和根系形态的影响。三种生物接种剂增加根菌根定植;然而,无论如何处理,菌根真菌的结构都增强了。利用生物接种剂提高葡萄叶柄营养物质浓度。根直径、根长密度和比根长随着菌根定殖的增加而增加。在凉爽的气候条件下,使用生物接种剂来减少化学肥料可能是提高葡萄产量和健康的一个好策略;然而,菌根生物接种剂对葡萄园的影响可能因接穗砧木、土壤气候条件和葡萄园土壤微生物群而异。
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引用次数: 1
Role of Planting Date on Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Day-neutral and Photoperiod-sensitive Hemp in Georgia, USA 种植日期对美国乔治亚州日中性和光敏性大麻产量和大麻素含量的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05151-22
T. Coolong, K. Cassity‐Duffey, Noelle Joy
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引用次数: 3
Managing Postharvest Storage Issues in ‘Shiranui’ Mandarin 用“Shiranui”普通话管理采后储存问题
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05133-22
D. Obenland, M. Arpaia
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Two Firmness-testing Machines for Measuring Blueberry Firmness and Size 两种蓝莓硬度和大小测定仪的比较
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05060-22
C. Luby, Sarah Doane, T. Mackey, Wei Q. Yang
Firmness is an important fruit quality trait in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Many researchers, growers, and packers rely on machines for measuring firmness right after harvest and during postharvest cold storage of fresh fruit. In this study, we compared two machines that use compression firmness measurements to determine a force-deformation value. The first firmness-testing machine has been in use for the past 30 years by blueberry (Vaccinium) researchers and packers worldwide. The second has been on the market for the past 5 years. We compared fruit firmness and size measurements for several commercial cultivars and breeding accessions of northern highbush blueberry by both machines at harvest and 2 weeks postharvest. In general, we found there were slight differences in fruit firmness and size measurements between the two machines, but these measurements were generally consistent across the machines. Our study suggests that, in general, one machine can predict the measurements taken on the other machine.
结实度是北方高丛越橘果实的一个重要品质性状。许多研究人员、种植者和包装商在新鲜水果收获后和采后冷藏期间都依赖机器来测量硬度。在这项研究中,我们比较了两台使用压缩硬度测量来确定力变形值的机器。在过去的30年里,世界各地的蓝莓(越橘)研究人员和包装商一直在使用第一台硬度测试机。第二种已经上市5年了。我们比较了几种商业品种和北方高丛蓝莓育种材料在收获时和采后2周用两种机器测得的果实硬度和大小。总的来说,我们发现两台机器之间的水果硬度和大小测量值略有差异,但这些测量值在不同机器之间基本一致。我们的研究表明,一般来说,一台机器可以预测在另一台机器上进行的测量。
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引用次数: 2
United States Consumers’ Landscaping Expenditures: A Case of Garden and Lawn Care Services and Equipment 美国消费者的景观支出:以花园和草坪护理服务和设备为例
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05123-22
Manlin Cui, Chengyan Yue, Li Zhao, E. Watkins
The economic downturns of 2007–09 and the COVID-19 pandemic affected most industries in the United States, including landscape services and equipment sales, and provoked both short-term disruptions and long-term changes. To understand how the landscaping industry has responded, we investigated patterns of consumer expenditures on landscape services and equipment from 2009 through 2021 using a representative sample of 76,895 US households. We categorized US households as detached single-family residents and townhouse residents to more fully articulate the factors that turned potential consumers into purchasers and the factors that affected purchasers’ expenditures. We used a double-hurdle model to identify key factors that drive consumer demand for landscape services and equipment over time, including social-demographics, geographic characteristics, housing conditions, year and seasonal trends, and the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the studied period, the demand for landscape services declined in terms of both the percentage of consumers purchasing the services and the purchasers’ average expenditures, while the demand for do-it-yourself (DIY) equipment remained relatively unchanged. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of consumers who purchased landscape services increased, while the expenditures on landscape services decreased in 2020 and then began to rebound in 2021, but not enough to reverse the overall downward trend. In contrast, purchases of DIY equipment were relatively stable in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and mainly relied on current consumers.
2007 - 2009年的经济衰退和2019冠状病毒病大流行影响了美国的大多数行业,包括景观服务和设备销售,并引发了短期中断和长期变化。为了了解景观行业的反应,我们调查了2009年至2021年消费者在景观服务和设备上的支出模式,使用了76,895个美国家庭的代表性样本。我们将美国家庭分为独立的单户居民和联排别墅居民,以更充分地阐明将潜在消费者转变为购买者的因素以及影响购买者支出的因素。我们使用双障碍模型来确定随着时间的推移推动消费者对景观服务和设备需求的关键因素,包括社会人口统计学、地理特征、住房条件、年度和季节性趋势以及COVID-19大流行。我们发现,在研究期间,景观服务的需求在消费者购买服务的百分比和购买者的平均支出方面都有所下降,而对自己动手(DIY)设备的需求则保持相对不变。为应对2019冠状病毒病大流行,购买景观服务的消费者比例有所增加,而景观服务支出在2020年有所下降,然后在2021年开始反弹,但不足以扭转整体下降趋势。相比之下,应对新冠肺炎大流行,DIY设备的购买相对稳定,主要依赖于当前消费者。
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引用次数: 0
Irrigation Sources with Chlorine Drinking Water Standard Limits Cause Phytotoxicity on ‘Rex’ Lettuce Grown in Hydroponic Systems 含氯饮用水标准限量的灌溉水源对水培系统中生长的“雷克斯”莴苣造成植物毒性
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05091-22
C. McGehee, R. Raudales
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引用次数: 0
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Horttechnology
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