Hydrometallurgy最新文献_第8页

Role of arsenic(V) and bismuth in the recovery of antimony by hydrolysis and precipitation from eluates produced during copper electrorefining 砷(V)和铋在铜电精炼过程中水解和沉淀法回收锑中的作用

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106548

E. Díaz-Gutiérrez , J. Hernández-Saz , José A. Maldonado Calvo , J.M. Gallardo , A. Paúl

The recovery of antimony from side stream is challenging due to impurities like arsenic and bismuth which affect extraction efficiency and product quality. This study examines the individual and combined effects of As and Bi on antimony hydrolysis from eluates produced during copper electrorefining. Synthetic and process eluates were analysed to optimise operating conditions and understand impurity interactions. Hydrolysis experiments across pH values (0.25–0.9) revealed an optimal pH range (0.6–0.7) for maximizing antimony recovery (>90 %) in impurity-free conditions. Arsenic reduced the antimony recovery by 8 %–13 %, destabilising precipitates and forming amorphous phases. Bismuth caused a smaller reduction (3 %–7 %) but had a diminished effect in the presence of As, which dominated the system's chemistry. Process eluates exhibited greater variability, particularly in extraction yields, underscoring the need to validate findings based on synthetic solutions against industrial matrices. This study provides insights into optimizing antimony recovery through impurity management and highlights the value of combining the analyses of synthetic and process eluates.

从侧流中回收锑是一项具有挑战性的工作，因为砷和铋等杂质会影响提取效率和产品质量。本研究考察了As和Bi对铜电精炼过程中产生的洗脱液中锑水解的单独和联合影响。对合成和工艺洗脱液进行分析，以优化操作条件并了解杂质相互作用。不同pH值（0.25-0.9）的水解实验表明，在无杂质条件下，最大限度地提高锑回收率（> 90%）的最佳pH范围（0.6-0.7）。砷使锑的回收率降低了8% - 13%，使沉淀不稳定并形成非晶相。铋引起了较小的还原（3% - 7%），但在As存在的情况下效果减弱，As主导了系统的化学反应。工艺洗脱液表现出更大的可变性，特别是在提取产量方面，强调需要根据工业基质验证基于合成溶液的发现。该研究为通过杂质管理优化锑回收提供了见解，并突出了将合成和工艺洗脱液分析相结合的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing Lithium extraction via ionic liquid coupled electrochemical methods 离子液体耦合电化学方法提高锂提取效率

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106539

Xinyuan Lan , Rong Liu , Liyan Xue , Minzhong Huang , Meiying Xie , Hongye Wang , Hao Zhang , Fan Yang

The efficient recovery of lithium (Li⁺) from salt lakes has become a pressing issue for the lithium battery industry. In this study, an electrochemically enhanced extraction system with industrialization potential was developed, which increased the separation efficiency of Li⁺ by coupling an electric field with ionic liquid extraction. A promising 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-thiophenecarbonyl trifluoroacetone ([C₄mim][TTA]) extraction agent was developed. Furthermore, the functionalized ionic liquid (FIL) was dissolved in an ionic liquid mixture to further increase its extraction capacity. The separation performance and mechanisms of Li⁺ through [C₄mim][TTA] liquid–liquid extraction were investigated. The results showed that within a pH range greater than 2, [C₄mim][TTA] had a very high separation efficiency for Li⁺. Additionally, liquid–liquid extraction in solutions simulating the concentrations of Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ found in salt lakes revealed very high Li⁺ separation coefficients of β_Li/K = 3746 and β_Li/Na = 1287. Under an applied electric field of 2.4 V, the electrochemically enhanced extraction system achieved separation coefficients of β_Li/K = 6678 and β_Li/Na = 3068 within 2 h, which represent the highest reported values to date. In this study, a novel electrochemically coupled ionic liquid extraction system with potential for industrialization is proposed.

从盐湖中高效回收锂离子已成为锂电池行业亟待解决的问题。本研究开发了一种具有工业化潜力的电化学强化萃取系统，通过电场与离子液体萃取的耦合作用，提高了Li+的分离效率。研制了一种很有前途的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑-2-噻吩羰基三氟丙酮（[C4mim][TTA]）萃取剂。将功能化离子液体（FIL）溶解在离子液体混合物中，进一步提高其萃取能力。研究了[C4mim][TTA]液液萃取对Li+的分离性能及机理。结果表明，在大于2的pH范围内，[C4mim][TTA]对Li+具有很高的分离效率。此外，在模拟盐湖中Li+、Na+和K+浓度的溶液中进行液液萃取，发现Li+分离系数非常高，βLi/K = 3746, βLi/Na = 1287。在2.4 V的外加电场下，电化学强化萃取体系在2 h内获得了βLi/K = 6678和βLi/Na = 3068的分离系数，这是迄今为止报道的最高值。本研究提出了一种具有工业化潜力的新型电化学耦合离子液体萃取系统。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost alternative for iron recovery in lateritic nickel production by using ferronickel refining slag and kiln dust for iron precipitation from acid leachate 利用镍铁精炼渣和窑尘从酸性渗滤液中析出铁，实现红土镍生产中铁的低成本回收

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106547

Gabriela Costa Caetano , Flávia Corrêa Rodrigues , Indianara Conceição Ostroski , Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas de Barros

Iron is a primary contaminant in the acid-leaching solution during lateritic nickel production. Additionally, the accumulation of pyrometallurgical tailings from conventional nickel ore processing presents a significant challenge for industrial mining operations. This study addresses these issues by utilizing ferronickel slags (refining slag and kiln dust) as alternative neutralizing agents for the precipitation and recovery of iron from sulfuric leaching solutions. A 2³ factorial orthogonal experimental design, including two central points and six axial points, was employed to investigate the effects of agent concentrations on iron precipitation and nickel co-precipitation. The results were optimized based on response surface analysis and filtration resistance parameters. Slags and precipitated materials were characterized using XRD and XRF techniques, while initial and final liquors were analyzed via ICP-OES. Due to its high CaO content (58.33 wt%), the slag exhibited a neutralizing capacity comparable to commercial calcium and sodium carbonates. Optimal concentrations of slag (5.14 %) and kiln dust (25 %) achieved approximately 80 % removal of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺, alongside a 46 % increase in Ni²⁺ recovery from the initial leaching solution. Precipitated iron oxides can be recovered through a reduction step, followed by washing or magnetic separation.

铁是红土镍生产过程中酸浸液中的主要污染物。此外，传统镍矿加工产生的火法冶金尾矿的积累对工业采矿作业构成了重大挑战。本研究通过利用镍铁渣（精炼渣和窑尘）作为硫浸出溶液中铁的沉淀和回收的替代中和剂来解决这些问题。采用23因子正交试验设计，包括2个中心点和6个轴点，研究药剂浓度对铁沉淀和镍共沉淀的影响。基于响应面分析和过滤阻力参数对结果进行了优化。采用XRD和XRF技术对炉渣和沉淀物进行了表征，并采用ICP-OES对原液和终液进行了分析。由于CaO含量高（58.33 wt%），炉渣表现出与商用碳酸钙和碳酸钠相当的中和能力。炉渣（5.14%）和窑尘（25%）的最佳浓度可实现约80%的Fe2+/Fe3+去除率，同时初始浸出液中Ni2+回收率提高46%。沉淀的氧化铁可以通过还原步骤回收，然后进行洗涤或磁分离。

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引用次数: 0

Selective and efficient extraction of nickel and cobalt from laterite ores using the sulfation-roasting and leaching-precipitation process with H2O2 and surfactant addition 在H2O2和表面活性剂的作用下，采用硫酸—焙烧—浸出—沉淀工艺从红土矿石中选择性高效提取镍和钴

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106546

Zesen Zhao , Huiquan Li , Chenye Wang , Peng Xing

The recovery of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from laterite ores has attracted significant attention due to the increasing demand for these metals in electric vehicle (EV) batteries. While the sulfation-roasting-leaching process offers a viable route for extracting Ni and Co from laterite ores, the co-extraction of iron (Fe) remains a major challenge. To address this, the present study investigated the selective extraction of Ni and Co by optimizing equilibrium pH control and introducing stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC), a cationic surfactant, during the leaching stage. Controlling the equilibrium pH of the slurry in the absence of STAC improved the selectivity of leaching Ni and Co over Fe. However, this pH adjustment also reduced the extraction of Ni and Co due to their adsorption onto hydroxide precipitates. Remarkably, the addition of STAC significantly enhanced Ni and Co recovery by modifying the surface properties of the leach residues. Mechanistic analysis revealed that STAC increased the zeta potential of the surface of residue particles and reduced particle agglomeration. These changes inhibited the adsorption and co-precipitation of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ with residues. Under optimized conditions (equilibrium pH 3.5 with 0.1 wt% STAC), the extraction reached 97.7 % for Ni and 97.4 % for Co, while Fe extraction was suppressed to 0.2 %. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for achieving high selectivity and efficiency in Ni/Co recovery from laterite ores, offering potential advantages over conventional hydrometallurgical approaches.

由于电动汽车电池对镍（Ni）和钴（Co）的需求不断增加，从红土矿石中回收镍（Ni）和钴（Co）引起了人们的广泛关注。虽然硫酸盐-焙烧-浸出工艺为从红土矿石中提取镍和钴提供了可行的途径，但铁（Fe）的共萃取仍然是一个主要挑战。为了解决这一问题，本研究通过优化平衡pH控制和在浸出阶段引入阳离子表面活性剂硬脂酰三甲基氯化铵（STAC）来研究Ni和Co的选择性提取。在没有STAC的情况下，控制矿浆的平衡pH值提高了Ni和Co的选择性。然而，这种pH调整也减少了Ni和Co的萃取，因为它们吸附在氢氧化物沉淀上。值得注意的是，STAC的加入通过改变浸出渣的表面性质，显著提高了Ni和Co的回收率。机理分析表明，STAC增加了残渣颗粒表面的zeta电位，减少了颗粒团聚。这些变化抑制了Ni2+和Co2+与残渣的吸附和共沉淀。在最佳条件下（平衡pH为3.5，STAC质量分数为0.1 wt%），镍和钴的提取率分别为97.7%和97.4%，铁的提取率被抑制在0.2%。这些结果表明，从红土矿石中实现高选择性和高效率的Ni/Co回收是一种有希望的策略，与传统的湿法冶金方法相比，具有潜在的优势。

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引用次数: 0

An electrometallurgical and mechanochemical approach for the recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts 从废汽车催化剂中回收铂族金属的电冶金和机械化学方法

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106537

Qiong Ye , Fengshan Yu , Xunwei Ma , Jiashuang Wang , Kaihan Cai , Lincai Wang , Jian-Ping Zou

In response to the escalating scarcity of resources, the practice of recycling waste has emerged as a pivotal strategy for sustainable development. In the present study, an innovative method is introduced to enhance the recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from spent automotive catalysts (SACs), involving an integrated electrochemical metallurgy process integrating mechanochemical reduction pretreatment and electrochemical leaching. An in-depth exploration on the influences of mechanochemical ball-milling parameters and electrochemical leaching conditions on PGM recovery yielded insightful results. Notably, Zn emerges as a key catalyst to promote the generation of highly reactive PGM particles, facilitate grinding, reduce platinum group metal oxides, and alloy with PGMs. The mechanochemical reduction pretreatment significantly reduces the apparent dissolution activation energies of Pd, Pt, and Rh from 40.1 kJ/mol, 43.7 kJ/mol, and 62.5 kJ/mol to 13.2 kJ/mol, 17.5 kJ/mol, and 22.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Following optimization through orthogonal experiments, the leaching efficiencies of Pd, Pt, and Rh reached exceptional levels: 98.5 %, 98.1 %, and 93.3 %, respectively. This study unveils a highly efficient and practical approach for leaching PGMs from SACs, which is conducive to sustainable resource management.

为了应对资源日益短缺的情况，回收废物的做法已成为可持续发展的关键战略。在本研究中，介绍了一种创新的方法，以提高从废汽车催化剂（SACs）中回收铂族金属（PGMs），涉及集成机械化学还原预处理和电化学浸出的集成电化学冶金工艺。深入探讨了机械化学球磨参数和电化学浸出条件对PGM回收率的影响，得到了有意义的结果。其中，Zn是促进高活性PGM颗粒生成、促进磨削、减少铂族金属氧化物以及与PGM合金的关键催化剂。机械化学还原预处理使Pd、Pt和Rh的表观溶解活化能分别从40.1 kJ/mol、43.7 kJ/mol和62.5 kJ/mol降低到13.2 kJ/mol、17.5 kJ/mol和22.1 kJ/mol。通过正交试验优化后，Pd、Pt和Rh的浸出效率分别达到了98.5%、98.1%和93.3%。本研究揭示了一种高效实用的从sac中浸出pgm的方法，有利于资源的可持续管理。

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引用次数: 0

Dissolution of scheelite under soft acidic conditions via the formation of polyoxotungstate: kinetics and mechanism supported by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to identify and quantify H3PW12O40 软酸性条件下白钨矿溶解形成多钨氧酸盐：小角x射线散射（SAXS）鉴定和量化H3PW12O40的动力学和机理

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106538

Valentin Legrand, Stéphanie Szenknect, Olivier Diat, Luc Girard, Pierre Bauduin

The decomposition of scheelite in a synergistic H₂SO₄-H₃PO₄ mixture is an effective method for extracting tungsten from mining concentrates. The driving force behind the dissolution of scheelite in the H₂SO₄-H₃PO₄ mixture is the formation of a soluble Keggin-type polyoxotungstate, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, which prevents the formation of very low solubility tungstic acid. In this work, a multiparametric study of scheelite dissolution kinetics was carried out in a synergistic acid mixture. In particular, the independent contributions of temperature, acid concentration, and W:P molar ratio on scheelite dissolution kinetics and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ formation yield were evaluated. To this end, a method based on the use of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was developed to identify and quantify H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ under different operating conditions. The results provide a better understanding of the stability range of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ in terms of H₂SO₄ concentration and stoichiometric W:P ratio. These findings led to the selection of optimized, soft-leaching conditions that ensure rapid dissolution of scheelite while avoiding surface passivation by the precipitation of secondary phases. A comparison with speciation calculations using thermodynamic data reported in the literature reveals an absence of a self-consistent thermodynamic dataset. Thus, measuring the concentration of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ in the leachate was necessary to optimize the dissolution conditions. From this perpective, SAXS appears to be a suitable quantitative method.

在H2SO4-H3PO4协同混合物中分解白钨矿是一种有效的从选矿精矿中提取钨的方法。白钨矿在H2SO4-H3PO4混合物中溶解的驱动力是可溶性keggin型多钨氧酸盐H3PW12O40的形成，阻止了极低溶解度钨酸的形成。本文对白钨矿在协同酸混合物中的溶解动力学进行了多参数研究。研究了温度、酸浓度和W:P摩尔比对白钨矿溶解动力学和H3PW12O40产率的独立影响。为此，开发了一种基于小角度x射线散射（SAXS）的方法来识别和量化不同操作条件下的H3PW12O40。从H2SO4浓度和化学计量W:P比两个方面对H3PW12O40的稳定性范围有了更好的理解。这些发现有助于选择优化的软浸条件，以确保白钨矿的快速溶解，同时避免二次相的沉淀导致表面钝化。与文献中报道的使用热力学数据的物种形成计算的比较揭示了缺乏自一致的热力学数据集。因此，有必要测量渗滤液中H3PW12O40的浓度，以优化其溶解条件。从这个角度来看，SAXS似乎是一种合适的定量方法。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of coal-based activated carbon via one-step activation and its adsorption and stripping performance for gold thiosulfate complexes 一步活化煤基活性炭的合成及其对硫代硫酸金配合物的吸附和剥离性能

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106534

Qiang Wang , Tong Liu , Ying Li , Yanhe Nie

The challenges associated with recovering gold from leachates restrict the wide applicability of thiosulfate systems. This study developed a facile one-step activation strategy for synthesizing coal-based activated carbon from low-cost, accessible bituminous coal precursors; the activated carbon was subsequently used to adsorb gold from thiosulfate solutions. The optimal conditions for synthesizing coal-based activated carbon were investigated, along with the effects of pH, temperature, and initial gold concentration on [Au(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻ adsorption by the coal-based activated carbon. The structural and surface properties of the adsorbent were analyzed before and after gold adsorption, which revealed that the initially smooth surface morphology of raw coal became porous after activation and that the surface was loaded with SCN groups. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was described using the Freundlich model. The adsorption of [Au(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻ on the coal-based activated carbon was a fast endothermic process. The adsorption equilibrium was attained within 60 min, at a gold concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity of gold on the coal-based activated carbon was 3.29 mg/g, at a gold concentration of 80 mg/L at 45 °C. During the gold adsorption, ligand exchange occurred between the [Au(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻ ions in the solution and the SCN groups on the coal-based activated-carbon surface, ultimately facilitating the adsorption of Au(I) in the solution on the activated-carbon surface. Moreover, the [Au(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻-loaded coal-based activated carbon could be effectively eluted by thiosulfate. Hence, this study provides theoretical guidance and a practical basis for the adsorption of gold from thiosulfate leachates using coal-based activated carbon while facilitating clean, high-value utilization of coal resources.

从渗滤液中回收金的挑战限制了硫代硫酸盐系统的广泛适用性。本研究开发了一种简单的一步活化策略，用于从低成本，可获得的烟煤前体合成煤基活性炭；随后用活性炭吸附硫代硫酸盐溶液中的金。研究了煤基活性炭的最佳合成条件，考察了pH、温度和初始金浓度对煤基活性炭吸附[Au(S2O3)2]3−的影响。对吸附金前后吸附剂的结构和表面性能进行了分析，发现原煤表面由最初光滑的表面形貌在活化后变得多孔，表面加载了SCN基团。吸附过程遵循准二级动力学，并采用Freundlich模型进行描述。煤基活性炭对[Au(S2O3)2]3−的吸附是一个快速吸热过程。当金浓度为10 mg/L时，吸附在60 min内达到平衡。在45℃条件下，当金浓度为80 mg/L时，煤基活性炭对金的最大吸附量为3.29 mg/g。在金吸附过程中，溶液中的[Au(S2O3)2]3−离子与煤基活性炭表面的SCN基团之间发生配体交换，最终促进了溶液中Au(I)在活性炭表面的吸附。此外，硫代硫酸盐可以有效地洗脱负载[Au(S2O3)2]3−的煤基活性炭。因此，本研究为煤基活性炭吸附硫代硫酸盐浸出液中的金，促进煤炭资源的清洁、高价值利用提供了理论指导和实践依据。

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引用次数: 0

On the mechanism of the dissolution of gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) 石膏（二水硫酸钙）溶解机理研究

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106535

Frank K. Crundwell

The dissolution of minerals is central to many fields of research interest, including hydrometallurgy, materials science, and geochemistry. The successful development of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of dissolution will have an impact on these fields. The challenge for the dissolution of gypsum is that rate of dissolution is proportional to the molar concentration of the dissolved salt, yet the solubility product is proportional to the square of the molar concentration of dissolved salt. Deriving an expression that is consistent with both the kinetics and thermodynamics has vexed researchers for decades. Furthermore, the zeta potential of gypsum shows no clear dependence on pH. In this paper, we show that the experimental data for the kinetics of dissolution, the thermodynamics describing the solubility product, and the zeta potential describing the surface charge are reconciled by accounting for the surface charge using the surface vacancy model of dissolution, and in doing so provide insight into the elementary steps involved in the dissolution of gypsum.

矿物的溶解是许多研究领域的核心，包括湿法冶金、材料科学和地球化学。对溶解机理的全面认识的成功发展将对这些领域产生影响。石膏溶解的挑战在于溶解速率与溶解盐的摩尔浓度成正比，而溶解度积与溶解盐的摩尔浓度的平方成正比。推导一个既符合动力学又符合热力学的表达式已经困扰了研究人员几十年。此外，石膏的zeta电位对ph值没有明显的依赖性。在本文中，我们表明，溶解动力学的实验数据，描述溶解度积的热力学数据，以及描述表面电荷的zeta电位，通过使用溶解的表面空位模型来计算表面电荷，是一致的，这样做提供了对石膏溶解所涉及的基本步骤的见解。

引用次数: 0

Separation of thorium using new solvent extractant derived from recycling discarded plastic bottles 利用回收废旧塑料瓶提取的新型溶剂萃取剂分离钍

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106533

Ahmed Orabi , Hend Salem , Nagwa Falila , Doaa Ismaiel , Magd Badr

Due to the non-biodegradable nature of plastic bottle waste, this work offers a method to recycle this waste by converting it into a valuable and efficient extractor for thorium separation from spent ore. A new promising extractant (Rec-UPEST) was successfully synthesized based on the glycolysis of plastic bottle waste by utilizing a mixture of glycerol and diethylene glycol, followed by esterification using the natural fatty acid of linolenic acid. Several characterizations, such as FTIR spectrometry, ¹H NMR analysis, and MS analysis, were performed to ensure its felicitous preparation. The produced material (Rec-UPEST) dissolved in CHCl₃ could extract Th(IV) efficiently with the maximum loading capacity of 1.08 g L⁻¹ at 15 min, organic to aqueous ratio = 1:1, T = 298 K, and pH = 2. Infrared data confirmed that the extraction was achieved by the bonding of the extractant to the thorium through glycol and ester oxygen atoms. The slope analysis technique inferred that Rec-UPEST has been able to extract Th as a complex with a 2:1 (Rec-UPEST: Th) molar ratio. In two stages, as shown by the resulting McCabe-Thiele diagrams, Th can be successfully extracted and stripped. Thermodynamic calculations showed that Rec-UPEST /Th extraction is an exothermic process. The stripping process of Th (99.8 %) was achieved using 2 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃. To compile all of the recovery steps of Th from the waste residue of the mineralized microgranite dike used in this research, a proposed flow diagram was created.

由于塑料瓶废弃物的不可生物降解性，本工作提供了一种回收方法，将其转化为一种有价值的高效萃取剂，用于从废矿石中分离钍。利用甘油和二甘醇的混合物对塑料瓶废弃物进行糖酵解，然后利用天然脂肪酸亚麻酸进行酯化，成功合成了一种新的有前途的萃取剂（Rec-UPEST）。进行了一些表征，如FTIR光谱，1H NMR分析和MS分析，以确保其制备得当。制作材料(Rec-UPEST)溶解在CHCl3可以有效提取Th (IV)的最大装载量1.08 g L−1 15分钟,有机水比 = 1:1,T = 298 K, pH值 = 2。红外数据证实萃取剂是通过乙二醇和酯氧原子与钍键合而实现萃取的。斜率分析技术推断Rec-UPEST已经能够以2:1 （Rec-UPEST: Th）的摩尔比提取配合物Th。如所得的McCabe-Thiele图所示，可以通过两个阶段成功地提取和剥离Th。热力学计算表明，Rec-UPEST /Th萃取是一个放热过程。以2 mol L−1 HNO3为溶剂，实现了Th（99.8 %）的溶出。为编制本研究利用的矿化微花岗岩脉废渣中回收Th的所有步骤，建立了建议的流程图。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling the leaching behaviour and particle-size distribution dynamics of poly-disperse particulate solids in a batch reactor 间歇式反应器中多分散颗粒固体的浸出行为和粒径分布动力学模拟

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Hydrometallurgy

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106532

Pavel Raschman, Ľuboš Popovič, Maryna Kyslytsyna, Gabriel Sučik

A material-balance model for the leaching of poly-disperse particulate solids, combining the particle size distribution (PSD) and the shrinking particle model (SPM), has been proposed. This model was applied to the leaching of crude natural magnesite (CNM) with dilute HCl solutions. A CNM sample with wide PSD was used to determine the values of apparent reaction order (0.31) and activation energy (51.5 kJ mol⁻¹) from measured data, and to develop a simulation model. Another CNM sample, with identical chemical and phase composition but different PSD, was subsequently used to experimentally investigate how the degree of conversion and PSD change with the leaching time, and to validate the simulation model. Comparison of the experimental and simulation results showed that (a) the kinetic parameter values obtained by the proposed method characterise the intrinsic chemical reaction on the liquid-solid phase interface, regardless of the PSD; and (b) the proposed model can predict how the degree of conversion and PSD of a poly-disperse particulate solid change during the leaching in a batch reactor.

结合颗粒尺寸分布（PSD）和收缩颗粒模型（SPM），提出了多分散颗粒固体浸出的物质平衡模型。将该模型应用于用稀盐酸溶液浸出天然粗菱镁矿（CNM）。采用宽PSD的CNM样品，根据实测数据确定了表观反应阶数（0.31）和活化能（51.5 kJ mol−1），并建立了模拟模型。随后，采用化学和相组成相同但PSD不同的CNM样品，实验研究了转化率和PSD随浸出时间的变化情况，并验证了模拟模型。实验结果与模拟结果的比较表明：(a)本文方法得到的动力学参数值表征了液固界面上的本征化学反应，与PSD无关；(b)所提出的模型可以预测多分散颗粒固体在间歇反应器中浸出过程中转化程度和PSD的变化。

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引用次数: 0