Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1109/jqe.2024.3397644
L. Roel van der Zon, Luis A. Bru, Pascual Muñoz, Daniel Pastor
{"title":"The Design and Characterization in Amplitude and Phase of a Compact 8-channel Loop-back AWG based Integrated Comb processor","authors":"L. Roel van der Zon, Luis A. Bru, Pascual Muñoz, Daniel Pastor","doi":"10.1109/jqe.2024.3397644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2024.3397644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3395127
Yun Chen;Jiahe Yu;Wentao Zhang;Wei Huang
In this study, we demonstrate the relationship between the absorbing frequency and the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) frequency by employing the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and interference theory. The structure consists of a symmetric-protected BIC metal structure layer, a polyimide spacer layer, and a silicon substrate. The top layer contains two similar metal structures, which make the structure asymmetric by varying one of them slightly, thus producing a symmetrical broken quasi-BIC. When a metal reflecting plate is added to the bottom of the dielectric spacer layer, a quasi-BIC absorber is formed. This is the first theoretical calculation using the coupled mode equation to analyze the relationship between the absorption frequency of a quasi-BIC absorber and the quasi-BIC resonance frequency, which is related to the resonance frequency of a single structure in a unit cell. According to the relationship between the coupling strength and distance between the structures within a unit cell combined with the resonant frequency of quasi-BIC, the geometric parameters of the absorber within a frequency range can be inverse design.
{"title":"Inverse Design of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Absorber","authors":"Yun Chen;Jiahe Yu;Wentao Zhang;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3395127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2024.3395127","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate the relationship between the absorbing frequency and the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) frequency by employing the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and interference theory. The structure consists of a symmetric-protected BIC metal structure layer, a polyimide spacer layer, and a silicon substrate. The top layer contains two similar metal structures, which make the structure asymmetric by varying one of them slightly, thus producing a symmetrical broken quasi-BIC. When a metal reflecting plate is added to the bottom of the dielectric spacer layer, a quasi-BIC absorber is formed. This is the first theoretical calculation using the coupled mode equation to analyze the relationship between the absorption frequency of a quasi-BIC absorber and the quasi-BIC resonance frequency, which is related to the resonance frequency of a single structure in a unit cell. According to the relationship between the coupling strength and distance between the structures within a unit cell combined with the resonant frequency of quasi-BIC, the geometric parameters of the absorber within a frequency range can be inverse design.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 3","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease that can lead to renal failure. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a contributing factor for nephrolithiasis and many agents have been studied to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related nephrolithiasis and renal damage. Myrtus communis (MC) extract has been shown to be an important antioxidant in different animal models. In this study, MC extract was administered preventively or therapeutically to rats with kidney stones, and its effectiveness was investigated.
Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control (C), ethylene glycol (EG), EG+preventive MC, and EG+curative MC groups. The nephrolithiasis model was created by adding 0.75% EG to drinking water for 8 weeks. Ultimately, 24-hour urine was collected to measure calcium, citrate, and creatinine levels. After decapitation, kidney tissues were harvested for histological analyses, measurement of osteopontin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities.
Results: In 24-hour urine samples, calcium, citrate and creatinine levels were decreased in the EG group, while oxalate levels were increased and in treatment groups these parameters returned to control levels. MPO, 8-OHdG, caspase-3 and NAG activity were significantly increased in tissue and these changes were reversed in both MC groups. Histological findings also supported the biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: MC can reduce oxidative stress and histopathological changes in kidney tissues in rat nephrolithiasis model when used as either a preventive or therapeutic agent. If supported with further clinical trials, MC might have clinical implications in preventing oxidative renal cell injury and ultimately kidney stone formation.
{"title":"The effect of <i>Myrtus communis</i> L. extract on nephrolithiasis model in rats.","authors":"Busra Ertas, Dogancan Dorucu, Oznur Gulerturk, Ali Sen, Ozge Cevik, Sule Cetinel, Pinar Eker, Asuman Akgun, Emre Tarik Sener, Goksel Sener","doi":"10.14744/nci.2023.09068","DOIUrl":"10.14744/nci.2023.09068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease that can lead to renal failure. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a contributing factor for nephrolithiasis and many agents have been studied to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related nephrolithiasis and renal damage. <i>Myrtus communis</i> (MC) extract has been shown to be an important antioxidant in different animal models. In this study, MC extract was administered preventively or therapeutically to rats with kidney stones, and its effectiveness was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control (C), ethylene glycol (EG), EG+preventive MC, and EG+curative MC groups. The nephrolithiasis model was created by adding 0.75% EG to drinking water for 8 weeks. Ultimately, 24-hour urine was collected to measure calcium, citrate, and creatinine levels. After decapitation, kidney tissues were harvested for histological analyses, measurement of osteopontin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 24-hour urine samples, calcium, citrate and creatinine levels were decreased in the EG group, while oxalate levels were increased and in treatment groups these parameters returned to control levels. MPO, 8-OHdG, caspase-3 and NAG activity were significantly increased in tissue and these changes were reversed in both MC groups. Histological findings also supported the biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MC can reduce oxidative stress and histopathological changes in kidney tissues in rat nephrolithiasis model when used as either a preventive or therapeutic agent. If supported with further clinical trials, MC might have clinical implications in preventing oxidative renal cell injury and ultimately kidney stone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"44 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84293637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3389043
Tianwen Xia;Le Wang;Enguo Chen;Zhonghang Huang;Chunli Yan;Dalei Wu;Q. Frank Yan;Jie Sun
Earlier researchers have designed nanostructures such as stripe gratings (SG) or photonic crystals array (PhCA) to improve the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by the diffraction mechanism. However, through k-domain method and simulation analysis, this letter finds that although SG perform well in 2D simulation, their effect drops sharply in 3D space, a phenomenon being overlooked in the community. This letter explains the diffraction mechanism of LEDs with nanostructure in 2D and 3D space through K-domain analysis, and reveals the inaccuracy of simulating LED with SG in 2D space. Unlike SG, PhCA offers diffraction in two directions and may be more suitable for LEDs.
早期研究人员设计了条纹光栅（SG）或光子晶体阵列（PhCA）等纳米结构，利用衍射机制提高发光二极管（LED）的光提取效率（LEE）。然而，通过 k 域方法和仿真分析，本文发现条纹光栅虽然在二维仿真中表现良好，但在三维空间中效果却急剧下降，而这一现象却被业界所忽视。本文通过 K 域分析解释了具有纳米结构的 LED 在二维和三维空间的衍射机制，并揭示了在二维空间使用 SG 模拟 LED 的不准确性。与 SG 不同，PhCA 提供两个方向的衍射，可能更适合 LED。
{"title":"Comparison of GaN LED Optical Simulation in 2D and 3D Space Based on k-Domain Analysis Method","authors":"Tianwen Xia;Le Wang;Enguo Chen;Zhonghang Huang;Chunli Yan;Dalei Wu;Q. Frank Yan;Jie Sun","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3389043","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3389043","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier researchers have designed nanostructures such as stripe gratings (SG) or photonic crystals array (PhCA) to improve the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by the diffraction mechanism. However, through k-domain method and simulation analysis, this letter finds that although SG perform well in 2D simulation, their effect drops sharply in 3D space, a phenomenon being overlooked in the community. This letter explains the diffraction mechanism of LEDs with nanostructure in 2D and 3D space through K-domain analysis, and reveals the inaccuracy of simulating LED with SG in 2D space. Unlike SG, PhCA offers diffraction in two directions and may be more suitable for LEDs.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3386101
Zheng Zheng;Ward A. P. M. Hendriks;S. M. García-Blanco;Lantian Chang
We present a multiple microrings channel integrated chip and develop a signal processing method that enables parallel sensing with this chip. We utilize fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to extract signals from different rings with different free spectra ranges (FSR). We verify this algorithm with temperature and solution sensing experiments. Compared with the conventional single-ring-single-resonance method, it shows improvements in up to 8 multi-channels capability and higher time resolution with the same experimental hardware.
{"title":"Parallel Sensing With Multiple Microrings on a Single Bus Waveguide","authors":"Zheng Zheng;Ward A. P. M. Hendriks;S. M. García-Blanco;Lantian Chang","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3386101","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3386101","url":null,"abstract":"We present a multiple microrings channel integrated chip and develop a signal processing method that enables parallel sensing with this chip. We utilize fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to extract signals from different rings with different free spectra ranges (FSR). We verify this algorithm with temperature and solution sensing experiments. Compared with the conventional single-ring-single-resonance method, it shows improvements in up to 8 multi-channels capability and higher time resolution with the same experimental hardware.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High performance InGaAs photodetectors are highly desired for the ever-growing photoelectric industry. Despite maturity at the production level, the underlying causes of noise and dark current need clarification for further improvement. We studied the dark current and noise characteristics in PIN In0.53Ga0.47As photodiodes with different mesa sizes. The dark current noise exhibits a clear spectral 1/ $f$ shape in all conditions. The results at low temperatures suggest that the dark current is dominated by the sidewall shunt paths while generation-recombination dark current comes into play at high temperatures. The noise intensity follows the squared leakage current in the temperature range of 100-240 K. Since the extracted activation energy of 1/ $f$ noise approximates that of the surface leakage current, suggesting that the surface leakage current may be the primary factor of the 1/ $f$ noise.
{"title":"Exploiting the Correlation Between 1/f Noise-Dark Current in PIN InGaAs Photodetectors","authors":"Chuang Li;Hezhuang Liu;Jingyi Wang;Daqian Guo;Baile Chen;Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3384240","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3384240","url":null,"abstract":"High performance InGaAs photodetectors are highly desired for the ever-growing photoelectric industry. Despite maturity at the production level, the underlying causes of noise and dark current need clarification for further improvement. We studied the dark current and noise characteristics in PIN In0.53Ga0.47As photodiodes with different mesa sizes. The dark current noise exhibits a clear spectral 1/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 shape in all conditions. The results at low temperatures suggest that the dark current is dominated by the sidewall shunt paths while generation-recombination dark current comes into play at high temperatures. The noise intensity follows the squared leakage current in the temperature range of 100-240 K. Since the extracted activation energy of 1/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 noise approximates that of the surface leakage current, suggesting that the surface leakage current may be the primary factor of the 1/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 noise.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3399866
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics information for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3399866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2024.3399866","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 3","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141182051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we numerically analyze a photonic unconventional accelerator based on the four-wave mixing effect in highly nonlinear waveguides. The proposed scheme can act as a fully analogue system for nonlinear signal processing directly in the optical domain. By exploiting the rich Kerr-induced nonlinearities, multiple nonlinear transformations of an input signal can be generated and used for solving complex nonlinear tasks. We first evaluate the performance of our scheme in the Santa-Fe chaotic time-series prediction. The true power of this processor is revealed in the all-optical nonlinearity compensation in an optical communication scenario where we provide results superior to those offered by strong machine learning algorithms with reduced power consumption and computational complexity. Finally, we showcase how the FWM module can be used as a reconfigurable nonlinear activation module being capable of reproducing characteristic functions such as sigmoid or rectified linear unit.
{"title":"Unconventional Computing Based on Four Wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear Waveguides","authors":"Kostas Sozos;Stavros Deligiannidis;Charis Mesaritakis;Adonis Bogris","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3405826","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3405826","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we numerically analyze a photonic unconventional accelerator based on the four-wave mixing effect in highly nonlinear waveguides. The proposed scheme can act as a fully analogue system for nonlinear signal processing directly in the optical domain. By exploiting the rich Kerr-induced nonlinearities, multiple nonlinear transformations of an input signal can be generated and used for solving complex nonlinear tasks. We first evaluate the performance of our scheme in the Santa-Fe chaotic time-series prediction. The true power of this processor is revealed in the all-optical nonlinearity compensation in an optical communication scenario where we provide results superior to those offered by strong machine learning algorithms with reduced power consumption and computational complexity. Finally, we showcase how the FWM module can be used as a reconfigurable nonlinear activation module being capable of reproducing characteristic functions such as sigmoid or rectified linear unit.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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