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A Nanoplasmonic Directional Coupler Utilizing a Backed Conductor on Dielectric Substrate With Finite Width 利用有限宽度介质基底上的背衬导体的纳米光导定向耦合器
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3485503
Kola Thirupathaiah;Montasir Qasymeh
A new nanoplasmonic directional coupler (DC) is proposed, utilizing a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CPW) with a finite width. Our design approach includes first establishing a theoretical transmission-line model for the coupler, and then utilizing the characteristic parameters of related coupled CPW structures for a comprehensive analysis. The provided analysis is conducted through full-wave analysis using a conformal mapping technique (CMT), implemented in CST Microwave Studio Suite CAD simulation software. This article primarily focuses on designing and analyzing the directional coupler using a backed conductor on the dielectric substrate with finite width, applying the transmission line (TL) theory method to achieve a coupling coefficient ( $C_{C}$ ) of 3-dB. The proposed plasmonic coupler operates efficiently at optical frequencies in both the O- and L-bands. Simulations demonstrate that the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler is effectively modulated by varying the width of the backed conductor ( $w_{c}$ ). Consequently, the proposed design surpasses the performance of traditional narrow-bandwidth couplers, offering significant benefits for applications in subwavelength wireless networks and high-density nanoscale photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
我们提出了一种新型纳米光子定向耦合器 (DC),它利用了宽度有限的导体支撑共面波导 (CPW)。我们的设计方法包括首先建立耦合器的理论传输线模型,然后利用相关耦合 CPW 结构的特征参数进行综合分析。所提供的分析是通过保形映射技术 (CMT) 进行的全波分析,该技术是在 CST Microwave Studio Suite CAD 仿真软件中实现的。本文主要侧重于设计和分析使用有限宽度介质基板上的背衬导体的定向耦合器,并应用传输线(TL)理论方法实现 3 分贝的耦合系数($C_{C}$)。所提出的等离子体耦合器可在 O 波段和 L 波段的光学频率下高效工作。仿真结果表明,通过改变背向导体的宽度($w_{c}$),可有效调节定向耦合器的耦合系数。因此,所提出的设计超越了传统窄带耦合器的性能,为亚波长无线网络和高密度纳米级光子集成电路(PIC)的应用提供了显著优势。
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引用次数: 0
Influences of Thermal Effect on the Performance of FMCW Signal Generated by Current-Modulated DFB-LDs 热效应对电流调制 DFB-LD 产生的 FMCW 信号性能的影响
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3484250
Qiupin Wang;Guangqiong Xia;Yingke Xie;Pu Ou;Chaotao He;Shan Hu;Fengling Zhang;Maorong Zhao;Zhengmao Wu
A cost-effective linear chirp source is urgently needed in various commercial scenarios. Based on typical coupled mode theory (CMT) and a highly effective split-step time-domain model (SS-TDM) method, the influence of thermal effect on the performance of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signal generated by current-modulated distributed feedback laser diodes (CM-DFB-LDs) is numerically simulated. The results show that the thermal effect in DFB-LDs has a significant impact on the nonlinearity of the FMCW signal, and the increasing thermal effect leads to an enhancement in the nonlinearity of the FMCW signal. For a given thermal diffusion coefficient $D=2.0 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s, with the increase of the thickness H between the active region and the substrate from $1.5 ; mu $ m to $6 ; mu $ m, both the bandwidth and the nonlinearity increase gradually at first and then tend towards saturation. For H fixed at $4.5 ; mu $ m, with the increase of D from $1.5 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s to $6 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s, both the bandwidth and the nonlinearity show a downward trend. For $D = 6.0 ; times 10.5$ m2/s and $H = 4.5 ; mu $ m, a high-quality FMCW signal with a nonlinearity of $3.852 ; times 10^{-5}$ and an root mean square (RMS) of 19.3 MHz under a bandwidth of 19.1 GHz can be obtained. Taking such FMCW signal as a transmitted signal, a 2 m distance ranging has been demonstrated, and the relative error is 0.340%.
在各种商业应用场景中,迫切需要一种经济高效的线性啁啾信号源。基于典型耦合模式理论(CMT)和高效分步时域模型(SS-TDM)方法,数值模拟了热效应对电流调制分布反馈激光二极管(CM-DFB-LD)产生的频率调制连续波(FMCW)信号性能的影响。结果表明,DFB-LD 中的热效应对 FMCW 信号的非线性有显著影响,热效应的增加会导致 FMCW 信号的非线性增强。对于给定的热扩散系数 $D=2.0 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s,随着有源区和衬底之间的厚度 H 从 $1.5 ; mu $ m 增加到 $6 ; mu $ m,带宽和非线性度一开始都会逐渐增加,然后趋于饱和。对于 H 固定为 $4.5 ; mu $ m,随着 D 从 $1.5 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s 增加到 $6 ; times 10^{-5}$ m2/s,带宽和非线性度都呈现下降趋势。对于 $D = 6.0 ; times 10.5$ m2/s 和 $H = 4.5 ; mu $ m,在 19.1 GHz 的带宽下,可以获得非线性度为 3.852 ; times 10^{-5}$ 和均方根(RMS)为 19.3 MHz 的高质量 FMCW 信号。以这种 FMCW 信号作为传输信号,可以实现 2 米距离的测距,相对误差为 0.340%。
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引用次数: 0
Intensity and Degree of Coherence of Vortex Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence 大气湍流中涡流束的强度和连贯度
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3484248
Muhsin Caner Gökçe;Yahya Baykal;Hamza Gerçekcioğlu;Yalçın Ata
We utilize the Huygens-Fresnel principle to derive the mutual coherence function (MCF) for a vortex beam, which is the main focus of our investigation. Then, we examine the intensity and modulus of the complex degree of coherence (DOC) characteristics of vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. Our results indicate that as the topological charge increases, the intensity distribution of the vortex beam becomes less affected by atmospheric turbulence. However, the modulus of the complex DOC decreases.
我们利用惠更斯-菲涅尔原理推导出涡旋束的相互相干函数(MCF),这是我们研究的重点。然后,我们研究了大气湍流中涡旋束复杂相干度(DOC)特征的强度和模量。我们的研究结果表明,随着拓扑电荷的增加,涡束的强度分布受大气湍流的影响越来越小。然而,复相干性模量却会减小。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Modeling for 250 nm DUV LEDs With Discrete p-type Functional Layers to Manage Both Carrier and Photon Transport 利用离散 p 型功能层管理载流子和光子传输的 250 nm DUV LED 数值建模
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3478089
Wenjie Li;Zhaoqiang Liu;Chunshuang Chu;Kangkai Tian;Haoyan Liu;Yonghui Zhang;Changsheng Xia;Xiaowei Sun;Zi-Hui Zhang
Deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) are encountering low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and light output power (LOP) due to the strong optical absorption to DUV light and the poor carrier injection efficiency. To solve these issues, we design and optimize a 250 nm DUV LED structure with thin quantum wells and discrete p-type functional layers. The discrete p-type functional layers consist of a high Al composition-gradient layer (layer I) and a low Al composition-gradient layer (layer II). Calculated results indicate that the use of thin quantum wells can rearrange the valence subband distributions to increase the transverse-electric (TE) polarized emission, thereby enhancing light extraction efficiency (LEE). Additionally, the LEE can also be increased by optimizing the thickness of the discrete p-type functional layers, i.e., modulating the optical absorption effect and the optical cavity effect. Meanwhile, we also investigate the impact of different negative polarization bulk charge densities on the electron and hole injections by changing the thickness of layer I and layer II, which can obtain the optimized internal quantum efficiency (IQE) for the 250 nm DUV LED. Therefore, when compared with conventional DUV LEDs, the proposed LED architectures improve the EQE and optical power if the discrete p-type functional layers are properly designed.
深紫外发光二极管(DUV LED)的外部量子效率(EQE)和光输出功率(LOP)较低,这是由于 DUV 光的光吸收强和载流子注入效率低造成的。为了解决这些问题,我们设计并优化了具有薄量子阱和分立 p 型功能层的 250 nm DUV LED 结构。分立 p 型功能层由高铝成分梯度层(层 I)和低铝成分梯度层(层 II)组成。计算结果表明,使用薄量子阱可以重新排列价子带分布,增加横电(TE)极化发射,从而提高光萃取效率(LEE)。此外,还可以通过优化分立 p 型功能层的厚度,即调节光吸收效应和光腔效应来提高萃光效率。同时,我们还通过改变层 I 和层 II 的厚度,研究了不同负极化体电荷密度对电子和空穴注入的影响,从而获得了 250 nm DUV LED 的优化内部量子效率(IQE)。因此,与传统的 DUV LED 相比,如果分立 p 型功能层设计得当,所提出的 LED 架构可提高 EQE 和光功率。
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引用次数: 0
C-Band Directly Modulated Lasers With Tunable Photon–Photon Resonance in InP Membrane 具有可调谐 InP 膜光子-光子共振的 C 波段直接调制激光器
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3475745
Aleksandr Zozulia;Richard Schatz;Samir Rihani;Graham Berry;Kevin Williams;Yuqing Jiao
InP membrane directly modulated semiconductor lasers (DMLs) with photon-photon resonance (PPR) have a lot of potential to be used in short-range telecommunication systems due to their small footprint, high energy efficiency, and high modulation bandwidth. However, the stability of the S21 response in PPR-based devices is sensitive to precise phase-matching between the lasing mode and PPR mode. We designed, fabricated, measured, and analyzed a C-band DML with active phase-tuning achieved by a thermal phase shifter on top of a long passive waveguide. The phase shifter enables tuning of the PPR frequency in the range of 5 GHz resulting in the PPR peak power enhancement of 16 dB. We study the small-signal responses at different combinations of bias current and phase shifter current and show, that in some cases the phase shifter enables a bandwidth that cannot be achieved by sweeping the bias current. The laser dynamic behavior is simulated and the influence of the most important design and processing parameters on bandwidth is studied in detail.
具有光子-光子共振(PPR)的 InP 膜直接调制半导体激光器(DML)因其占地面积小、能量效率高和调制带宽高而在短程电信系统中具有很大的应用潜力。然而,基于 PPR 的器件中 S21 响应的稳定性对激光模式和 PPR 模式之间的精确相位匹配非常敏感。我们设计、制造、测量并分析了一种 C 波段 DML,它通过长无源波导顶部的热移相器实现主动相位调整。移相器可在 5 GHz 范围内调整 PPR 频率,从而使 PPR 峰值功率增强 16 dB。我们对偏置电流和移相器电流不同组合下的小信号响应进行了研究,结果表明,在某些情况下,移相器可以实现扫频偏置电流无法达到的带宽。对激光器的动态行为进行了模拟,并详细研究了最重要的设计和加工参数对带宽的影响。
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引用次数: 0
High Precision and Fast Distributed Temperature Data Demodulation Algorithm of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometer Based on LSTM-CNN 基于 LSTM-CNN 的高精度、快速分布式光学频域反射仪温度数据解调算法
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3471988
Lei Huang;Min Liu;Yingqi Cui;Zhaohao Zhu;Ping Shum
A demodulation algorithm based on the LSTM-CNN is proposed to simultaneously achieve the demodulation of temperature data from distributed optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). As for the local measurement range along the distributed fiber, the LSTM-CNN can achieve an average mean absolutely error (MAE) of only 0.0393 and the average demodulation time is only 0.1507 seconds. The comparison with the cross-correlation algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) demonstrates that the MAE is reduced by 85.98%, 77.23%, 88.25%, 80.95%, and 91.82%, and the average time is faster 38.19 times, 8.71 times, 3.28 times, 1.37 times, and 2.45 times, respectively. As for the full measurement range of the distributed fiber, the temperature distribution curve demodulated by LSTM-CNN is found to be consistent with the actual temperature distribution curve and the average demodulation time is 0.371 seconds, providing a new method for the temperature data demodulation in the distributed OFDR sensing system.
本文提出了一种基于 LSTM-CNN 的解调算法,可同时实现分布式光频域反射仪(OFDR)温度数据的解调。对于分布式光纤的局部测量范围,LSTM-CNN 的平均绝对误差(MAE)仅为 0.0393,平均解调时间仅为 0.1507 秒。与交叉相关算法、多层感知器(MLP)、极限学习机(ELM)、长短期记忆(LSTM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)相比,MAE 分别降低了 85.98%、77.23%、88.25%、80.95% 和 91.82%,平均时间分别缩短了 38.19 倍、8.71 倍、3.28 倍、1.37 倍和 2.45 倍。对于分布式光纤的全测量范围,LSTM-CNN解调出的温度分布曲线与实际温度分布曲线一致,平均解调时间为0.371秒,为分布式OFDR传感系统的温度数据解调提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Pseudo-Random Generator Based on a Photonic Neuromorphic Physical Unclonable Function 基于光子神经形态物理不可克隆函数的伪随机发生器
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3471951
Dimitris Dermanis;Panagiotis Rizomiliotis;Adonis Bogris;Charis Mesaritakis
In this work we provide numerical results concerning a silicon-on-insulator photonic neuromorphic circuit configured as a physical unclonable function. The proposed scheme is enhanced with the capability to be operated as an unconventional deterministic pseudo-random number generator, suitable for cryptographic applications that alleviates the need for key storage in non-volatile digital media. The proposed photonic neuromorphic scheme is able to offer NIST test compatible numbers with an extremely low false positive/negative probability below 10-14. The proposed scheme offers multi-functional capabilities due to the fact that it can be simultaneously used as an integrated photonic accelerator for machine-learning applications and as a hardware root of trust.
在这项工作中,我们提供了有关配置为物理不可克隆函数的硅衬底光子神经形态电路的数值结果。所提出的方案增强了作为非常规确定性伪随机数发生器运行的能力,适用于密码应用,减轻了在非易失性数字媒体中存储密钥的需要。所提出的光子神经形态方案能够提供与 NIST 测试兼容的数字,其假正/假负概率极低,低于 10-14。所提出的方案可同时用作机器学习应用的集成光子加速器和硬件信任根,因此具有多功能能力。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics information for authors IEEE 期刊《量子电子学》为作者提供的信息
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3463153
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics publication information IEEE 量子电子学报》出版信息
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3463157
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引用次数: 0
Blank Page 空白页
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3463151
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
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