Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3309910
Binoy Krishna Ghosh;Dipankar Ghosh;Mousumi Basu
Normal dispersion highly nonlinear silicon core fibers (NDHNSCF) are designed and optimized within the single mode regime with the goal of generating stable parabolic pulses (PP) compatible with chip-scale devices. The research focuses on identifying optimal pulse parameters and essential gain value, enabling the formation of parabolic pulses within a short fiber length (~ cm) while maintaining stability over a comparatively longer length. Given that silicon, as a semiconductor core material, exhibits significant changes in fiber parameters when subjected to varying ambient temperatures, our primary objective is to investigate the effect of temperature on pulse reshaping through the proposed NDHNSCF. To the best of our knowledge, the systematic study on this specific type of nonlinear pulse reshaping under the external influence of ambient temperature and input pulse repetition rate has not been reported earlier.
{"title":"Temperature Dependence of Nonlinear Pulse Reshaping Towards Parabolic Shape for a Silicon Core Single Mode Optical Fiber","authors":"Binoy Krishna Ghosh;Dipankar Ghosh;Mousumi Basu","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3309910","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3309910","url":null,"abstract":"Normal dispersion highly nonlinear silicon core fibers (NDHNSCF) are designed and optimized within the single mode regime with the goal of generating stable parabolic pulses (PP) compatible with chip-scale devices. The research focuses on identifying optimal pulse parameters and essential gain value, enabling the formation of parabolic pulses within a short fiber length (~ cm) while maintaining stability over a comparatively longer length. Given that silicon, as a semiconductor core material, exhibits significant changes in fiber parameters when subjected to varying ambient temperatures, our primary objective is to investigate the effect of temperature on pulse reshaping through the proposed NDHNSCF. To the best of our knowledge, the systematic study on this specific type of nonlinear pulse reshaping under the external influence of ambient temperature and input pulse repetition rate has not been reported earlier.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45139211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3308263
Anju Rani;Jayanth Ramakrishnan;Tanya Sharma;Pooja Chandravanshi;Ayan Biswas;Ravindra P. Singh
Measuring the quantum fluctuations of a laser source is the first task in performing continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols. The quantum fluctuations of the source are measured using balanced homodyne detection. In this paper, we have measured the shot noise of a pulsed laser using imperfect homodyne detection. The imperfections accounted for in the detection process are a delay between the homodyne output arms and also due to the selection of the pulse integration window larger as well as smaller than the photo-current pulse width during the analysis. We have analyzed the imperfect detection results for two different experimental layouts, and a comparative study has been performed. From our analysis, it is evident that these imperfections play a significant role in balanced homodyne detection and must be optimized properly. Our results indicate that balanced homodyne detection can be performed using limited resources, which paves the way for easy experimental realization of optical homodyne tomography and continuous variable quantum key distribution in a laboratory setting.
{"title":"Experimental Shot Noise Measurement Using the Imperfect Detection—A Special Case for Pulsed Laser","authors":"Anju Rani;Jayanth Ramakrishnan;Tanya Sharma;Pooja Chandravanshi;Ayan Biswas;Ravindra P. Singh","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3308263","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3308263","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the quantum fluctuations of a laser source is the first task in performing continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols. The quantum fluctuations of the source are measured using balanced homodyne detection. In this paper, we have measured the shot noise of a pulsed laser using imperfect homodyne detection. The imperfections accounted for in the detection process are a delay between the homodyne output arms and also due to the selection of the pulse integration window larger as well as smaller than the photo-current pulse width during the analysis. We have analyzed the imperfect detection results for two different experimental layouts, and a comparative study has been performed. From our analysis, it is evident that these imperfections play a significant role in balanced homodyne detection and must be optimized properly. Our results indicate that balanced homodyne detection can be performed using limited resources, which paves the way for easy experimental realization of optical homodyne tomography and continuous variable quantum key distribution in a laboratory setting.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We experimentally generated higher-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) pulses from an FM mode-locked laser that had a specific optical filter $F_{HG{mathrm {m}}}(omega)$ characterized by a Bessel function $J_{n}mathit {(M_{PM}})$ and $A_{HG{mathrm {m}}}(omega)$ and $A_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega +nOmega _{m})$ with n = $- infty sim $ + $infty $ . Here, $M_{PM}$ is the phase-modulation index and $A_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ was the Fourier transformed spectrum of the $m$ th HG pulse $a_{HGmathrm {m}}(t)$ in the time domain and $Omega _{m}$ was the fixed angular phase-modulation frequency. The laser we constructed was a 10 GHz polarization-maintained FM mode-locked erbium fiber laser emitting at a wavelength of $1.56 mu text{m}$ , which included a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) optical device to implement the specific filter function needed to generate HG pulses. We successfully generated ${m}$ = 0 $sim $ 7th HG pulses with pulse widths of 10 $sim $ 50 ps. For the generation of ${m}$ = 1, 3, 5,...odd-numbered HG waveforms, the corresponding $F_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ has no center frequency mode. Since these waveforms are odd functions in the time domain, their spectral profiles are given entirely by imaginary components with the same shape as those in the time domain. For the generation of ${m}$ = 0, 2, 4,...even-numbered HG waveforms, the corresponding $F_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ has a center frequency component. Since these waveforms are even functions in the time domain, their spectral profiles are given entirely by real-value components with the same shape as those in the time domain. Finally, we generated ${m}$ = 1 $sim $ 3 dark and bright higher-order HG pulses by introducing a CW amplitude offset. To generate these pulses, a new bandwidth-limiting filter was installed sinc
{"title":"Experiments on the Generation of Higher-Order Hermite-Gaussian Pulses From an FM Mode-Locked Laser","authors":"Masataka Nakazawa;Masato Yoshida;Toshihiko Hirooka","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3305121","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3305121","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally generated higher-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) pulses from an FM mode-locked laser that had a specific optical filter \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$F_{HG{mathrm {m}}}(omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 characterized by a Bessel function \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$J_{n}mathit {(M_{PM}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$A_{HG{mathrm {m}}}(omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$A_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega +nOmega _{m})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with n = \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$- infty sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000+ \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Here, \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$M_{PM}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is the phase-modulation index and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$A_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was the Fourier transformed spectrum of the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000th HG pulse \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$a_{HGmathrm {m}}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 in the time domain and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega _{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was the fixed angular phase-modulation frequency. The laser we constructed was a 10 GHz polarization-maintained FM mode-locked erbium fiber laser emitting at a wavelength of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56 mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, which included a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) optical device to implement the specific filter function needed to generate HG pulses. We successfully generated \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000= 0 \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 7th HG pulses with pulse widths of 10\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u000050 ps. For the generation of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 = 1, 3, 5,...odd-numbered HG waveforms, the corresponding \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$F_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 has no center frequency mode. Since these waveforms are odd functions in the time domain, their spectral profiles are given entirely by imaginary components with the same shape as those in the time domain. For the generation of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 = 0, 2, 4,...even-numbered HG waveforms, the corresponding \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$F_{HGmathrm {m}}(omega)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 has a center frequency component. Since these waveforms are even functions in the time domain, their spectral profiles are given entirely by real-value components with the same shape as those in the time domain. Finally, we generated \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000= 1 \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 3 dark and bright higher-order HG pulses by introducing a CW amplitude offset. To generate these pulses, a new bandwidth-limiting filter was installed sinc","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broad area laser diodes are attractive for the high optical power they can produce. Unfortunately, this high power normally comes at the cost of severely reduced spatial coherence since the wide area of the diode wave-guide is inherently spatially multi-mode along the slow axis. We demonstrate a method to significantly improve the spatial coherence of a high-power broad-area diode by placing it in an external cavity that is mode selective. We design the cavity, such that the diode aperture acts as its own spatial filter, obviating the need for an intra-cavity slit-filter, and optimally utilizing the entire gain medium. We demonstrate this soft filtering method using wide diodes of $200 rm {mu m}$ and $300 rm {mu m}$ widths and compare its power-efficiency to the standard approach of hard-filtering with a slit. We obtain high-gain operation in a pure single-mode, demonstrating up to 1.5 W CW power at 1064 nm with excellent beam quality ( $M^{2}=1.3$ at 90% power).
{"title":"Soft Aperture Spatial Filtering: 1.5W in a Single Spatial Mode From a Highly Multi-Mode Laser Diode in an External Cavity","authors":"Mallachi-Elia Meller;Idan Parshani;Leon Bello;David Goldovsky;Amir Kahana;Avi Pe’er","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3302904","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3302904","url":null,"abstract":"Broad area laser diodes are attractive for the high optical power they can produce. Unfortunately, this high power normally comes at the cost of severely reduced spatial coherence since the wide area of the diode wave-guide is inherently spatially multi-mode along the slow axis. We demonstrate a method to significantly improve the spatial coherence of a high-power broad-area diode by placing it in an external cavity that is mode selective. We design the cavity, such that the diode aperture acts as its own spatial filter, obviating the need for an intra-cavity slit-filter, and optimally utilizing the entire gain medium. We demonstrate this soft filtering method using wide diodes of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$200 rm {mu m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$300 rm {mu m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 widths and compare its power-efficiency to the standard approach of hard-filtering with a slit. We obtain high-gain operation in a pure single-mode, demonstrating up to 1.5 W CW power at 1064 nm with excellent beam quality (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$M^{2}=1.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at 90% power).","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3302926
Si Xie;Leandro Stefanazzi;Christina Wang;Cristián Peña;Raju Valivarthi;Lautaro Narváez;Gustavo Cancelo;Keshav Kapoor;Boris Korzh;Matthew D. Shaw;Panagiotis Spentzouris;Maria Spiropulu
We report the first demonstration of using the Quantum Instrumentation and Control Kit (QICK) system on RFSoC-FPGA technology to drive the electro-optic intensity modulator that generate time-bin entangled photon pairs and to detect the photon signals. With the QICK system, we achieve high levels of performance metrics including coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 150, and entanglement visibility exceeding 95%, consistent with performance metrics achieved using conventional waveform generators. We also demonstrate simultaneous detector readout using the digitization functional of QICK, achieving internal system synchronization time resolution of 3.2 ps. The work reported in this paper represents an explicit demonstration of the feasibility for replacing commercial waveform generators and time taggers with RFSoC-FPGA technology in the operation of a quantum network, representing a cost reduction of more than an order of magnitude.
{"title":"Entangled Photon Pair Source Demonstrator Using the Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit System","authors":"Si Xie;Leandro Stefanazzi;Christina Wang;Cristián Peña;Raju Valivarthi;Lautaro Narváez;Gustavo Cancelo;Keshav Kapoor;Boris Korzh;Matthew D. Shaw;Panagiotis Spentzouris;Maria Spiropulu","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3302926","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3302926","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first demonstration of using the Quantum Instrumentation and Control Kit (QICK) system on RFSoC-FPGA technology to drive the electro-optic intensity modulator that generate time-bin entangled photon pairs and to detect the photon signals. With the QICK system, we achieve high levels of performance metrics including coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 150, and entanglement visibility exceeding 95%, consistent with performance metrics achieved using conventional waveform generators. We also demonstrate simultaneous detector readout using the digitization functional of QICK, achieving internal system synchronization time resolution of 3.2 ps. The work reported in this paper represents an explicit demonstration of the feasibility for replacing commercial waveform generators and time taggers with RFSoC-FPGA technology in the operation of a quantum network, representing a cost reduction of more than an order of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3301004
Jingya Ruan;Sze-Chun Chan
Optical injection into a semiconductor laser invokes chaos that is coherently detected without direct detection for fast random bit generation (RBG). Originating from the injection without any feedback, the chaos contains no undesirable time-delay signature. Although the injection dynamics only supports a low dimensionality of three, simultaneous coherent detection uses the two dimensions of intensity $I$ and phase $varphi $ in yielding two signals $I_{mathrm{H}}$ and $I_{mathrm{B}}$ , which are from heterodyning and balanced delayed homodyning, respectively. Compared to $I$ from direct detection, the two coherently detected signals $I_{mathrm{H}}$ and $I_{mathrm{B}}$ are baseband-enhanced for effectively utilizing the low-frequency responses of the detectors. Experimentally, on a laser with a relaxation resonance of 5.2 GHz, $I_{mathrm{H}}$ and $I_{mathrm{B}}$ are baseband-enhanced by 8 dB and 12 dB, respectively. Through a basic postprocessing by discarding bits, they are digitized for RBG with an output bit rate reaching 280 Gbps. Through an extensive postprocessing by involving pseudo-random contributions, a boosted output bit rate of 1.28 Tbps is possible even when the detection bandwidth is reduced to 3 GHz. Both postprocessings satisfy a set of standardized randomness tests from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Based on the simultaneous coherent detection, the potential of baseband enhancement is illustrated for the low-dimensional dynamics from injection.
为了实现快速随机比特生成(RBG)，半导体激光器的光注入会引起混沌，而混沌是相干检测而非直接检测的。混沌起源于没有任何反馈的注入，不包含不需要的时滞特征。虽然注入动力学只支持低维度的三维，但同时相干检测使用强度$I$和相位$varphi $这两个维度来产生两个信号$I_{ mathm {H}}$和$I_{ mathm {B}}$，这两个信号分别来自外差和平衡延迟同差。与直接检测的$I$相比，两个相干检测信号$I_{mathrm{H}}$和$I_{mathrm{B}}$是基带增强的，可以有效地利用检测器的低频响应。实验结果表明，在松弛共振频率为5.2 GHz的激光器上，$I_{mathrm{H}}$和$I_{mathrm{B}}$基带分别增强了8 dB和12 dB。通过丢弃比特的基本后处理，将其数字化为RBG，输出比特率达到280gbps。通过涉及伪随机贡献的广泛后处理，即使检测带宽降低到3 GHz，也可以提高1.28 Tbps的输出比特率。这两种后处理都满足美国国家标准与技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology)的一套标准化随机性测试。基于同步相干检测，说明了基带增强对注入低维动态的潜力。
{"title":"Simultaneous Coherent Detection With Baseband Enhancement in Chaotic Random Bit Generation by an Optically Injected Laser","authors":"Jingya Ruan;Sze-Chun Chan","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3301004","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3301004","url":null,"abstract":"Optical injection into a semiconductor laser invokes chaos that is coherently detected without direct detection for fast random bit generation (RBG). Originating from the injection without any feedback, the chaos contains no undesirable time-delay signature. Although the injection dynamics only supports a low dimensionality of three, simultaneous coherent detection uses the two dimensions of intensity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and phase <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$varphi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in yielding two signals <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which are from heterodyning and balanced delayed homodyning, respectively. Compared to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from direct detection, the two coherently detected signals <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are baseband-enhanced for effectively utilizing the low-frequency responses of the detectors. Experimentally, on a laser with a relaxation resonance of 5.2 GHz, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{H}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$I_{mathrm{B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are baseband-enhanced by 8 dB and 12 dB, respectively. Through a basic postprocessing by discarding bits, they are digitized for RBG with an output bit rate reaching 280 Gbps. Through an extensive postprocessing by involving pseudo-random contributions, a boosted output bit rate of 1.28 Tbps is possible even when the detection bandwidth is reduced to 3 GHz. Both postprocessings satisfy a set of standardized randomness tests from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Based on the simultaneous coherent detection, the potential of baseband enhancement is illustrated for the low-dimensional dynamics from injection.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3295402
Tudor Olariu;Mattias Beck;Jérôme Faist
We present a systematic study of the optical design, fabrication, and characterization of quantum cascade laser devices with a frequency around 4.7 THz, intended for use as local oscillators in the GREAT heterodyne receiver aboard SOFIA (Heyminck, et al., 2012), (Risacher et al., 2018). The measured devices exhibit consistent spectral performance, with approximately 75% of them having their emission frequency within a 6 GHz band relative to their nominal value. We present surface-emitting lasers capable of covering the required 4743–4748 GHz frequency interval, with powers up to 2.2mW at 40K in continuous wave. Their emission frequency can be tuned up to +2 GHz with current over 80mA and −5 GHz over the 20-60K range with temperature. Additionally, we explain how processing variability is exploited to shift the emission frequency post-process and post-measurement: occurring during an etching step, the undesired height difference between different sample areas can be minimized using custom thicknesses for depositing various materials. This alters the effective refractive index of the optical mode, thus changing the laser’s emission frequency.
{"title":"Post-Process Frequency Tuning of Single-Mode Quantum Cascade Laser at 4.7 THz","authors":"Tudor Olariu;Mattias Beck;Jérôme Faist","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3295402","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3295402","url":null,"abstract":"We present a systematic study of the optical design, fabrication, and characterization of quantum cascade laser devices with a frequency around 4.7 THz, intended for use as local oscillators in the GREAT heterodyne receiver aboard SOFIA (Heyminck, et al., 2012), (Risacher et al., 2018). The measured devices exhibit consistent spectral performance, with approximately 75% of them having their emission frequency within a 6 GHz band relative to their nominal value. We present surface-emitting lasers capable of covering the required 4743–4748 GHz frequency interval, with powers up to 2.2mW at 40K in continuous wave. Their emission frequency can be tuned up to +2 GHz with current over 80mA and −5 GHz over the 20-60K range with temperature. Additionally, we explain how processing variability is exploited to shift the emission frequency post-process and post-measurement: occurring during an etching step, the undesired height difference between different sample areas can be minimized using custom thicknesses for depositing various materials. This alters the effective refractive index of the optical mode, thus changing the laser’s emission frequency.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/3/10189366/10196420.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3295277
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics information for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2023.3295277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2023.3295277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/3/10140168/10196347.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49945656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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