Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3448399
Kai Guo;Yixuan Zhu;Yu Chen;Kun Li;Shenqiang Zhai;Shuman Liu;Ning Zhuo;Jinchuan Zhang;Lijun Wang;Fengqi Liu;Xiaohua Wang;Zhipeng Wei;Junqi Liu
We present a very long wave infrared (VLWIR) quantum cascade detector (QCD) optimized for the extraction region grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The wave function of high-energy states has been tailored into a funnel-shaped miniband structure. This design accelerates the extraction and collection of electrons, thereby enhancing the device’s extraction efficiency, with a theoretical calculation value of 91%. Besides, this miniband extraction scheme also increases the number of well barrier pairs between the ground state and the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon step level. The electron loss caused by thermal backfilling and thermally activated leakage can be effectively reduced. For a $200~mu $ m $times 200~mu $ m mesa device from a 4-inch wafer, a peak responsivity of 66 mA/W and a peak specific detectivity of $1.4 times 10^{11}$ Jones were obtained at 30 K, with the maximum operating temperature persists up to 170 K.
{"title":"High-Performance Very Long Wave Infrared Quantum Cascade Detector Grown by MOCVD","authors":"Kai Guo;Yixuan Zhu;Yu Chen;Kun Li;Shenqiang Zhai;Shuman Liu;Ning Zhuo;Jinchuan Zhang;Lijun Wang;Fengqi Liu;Xiaohua Wang;Zhipeng Wei;Junqi Liu","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3448399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2024.3448399","url":null,"abstract":"We present a very long wave infrared (VLWIR) quantum cascade detector (QCD) optimized for the extraction region grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The wave function of high-energy states has been tailored into a funnel-shaped miniband structure. This design accelerates the extraction and collection of electrons, thereby enhancing the device’s extraction efficiency, with a theoretical calculation value of 91%. Besides, this miniband extraction scheme also increases the number of well barrier pairs between the ground state and the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon step level. The electron loss caused by thermal backfilling and thermally activated leakage can be effectively reduced. For a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$200~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 200~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m mesa device from a 4-inch wafer, a peak responsivity of 66 mA/W and a peak specific detectivity of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.4 times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 Jones were obtained at 30 K, with the maximum operating temperature persists up to 170 K.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3445293
Tianxiang Wu;Xi Wang;Liqi Zhu;Xun Li;Jian Huang;Zhikai Gan;Yanfeng Wei;Chun Lin
This paper characterizes the dark current development of p-on-n type HgCdTe multi-layer heterojunction long wavelength infrared (LWIR) and very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) photodiodes. Four devices that operate at different wavelengths are fabricated by employing a multi-layer structure. The results demonstrate the favorable dark current which is close to the “Rule 07” limitation is obtained with a 50% cutoff wavelength of $16.6~mu $ m. Besides, the influence mechanisms on the device are extracted by analyzing the temperature-dependent dark current from 40 K to 130 K. The results suggest that the proposed devices perform comparable to those of conventional double-layer heterojunction devices. Furthermore, it can be noted that by precisely controlling the composition distribution and depletion region positions as well as improving the process, we can further achieve superior LWIR and VLWIR devices.
本文描述了 p-on-n 型 HgCdTe 多层异质结长波长红外（LWIR）和超长波长红外（VLWIR）光电二极管的暗电流发展情况。通过采用多层结构，制造出了四个工作于不同波长的器件。此外，通过分析从 40 K 到 130 K 与温度相关的暗电流，提取了器件的影响机制。此外，我们还注意到，通过精确控制成分分布和耗尽区位置以及改进工艺，我们可以进一步实现卓越的 LWIR 和 VLWIR 器件。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3441613
Kenneth Coker;Chuyuan Zheng;Joseph Roger Arhin;Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum;Wei Li Zhang
This research delves into the innovative application of the optical Stark effect in dynamically guiding polaritons through a Y-shaped potential, forming a polaritonic coupler within a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity. The study explores the characteristics of the 2D perovskite, focusing on harnessing the optical Stark-induced energy shift in the polariton branches. The polaritonic coupler, which has a single input and two divergent outputs, is subjected to an external optical Stark pulse, dynamically guiding polaritons between the input and outputs. The research focuses on examining the controllability of the polaritonic coupler through the polariton coupling ratio, highlighting the regulatory role played by the optical Stark effect in this dynamic process. In-depth analyses of the spatial distribution and time evolution of polaritons within the coupler reveal that the optical Stark pulse effectively regulates the polariton coupling ratio, realizing a programmable coupler. This investigation not only advances the fundamental understanding of polariton dynamics within 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavities but also demonstrates the potential for developing optically controlled integrated photonic devices.
这项研究深入探讨了光学斯塔克效应在动态引导极化子通过 Y 型势垒方面的创新应用，在二维有机-无机混合包晶微腔内形成了一个极化子耦合器。这项研究探索了二维包晶的特性，重点是利用光斯塔克诱导的极化子分支能量转移。极化子耦合器有一个单一输入端和两个发散输出端，在外部光斯塔克脉冲的作用下，极化子在输入端和输出端之间动态引导。研究重点是通过极化子耦合比来检验极化子耦合器的可控性，突出光学斯塔克效应在这一动态过程中所起的调节作用。对耦合器内极化子的空间分布和时间演化的深入分析表明，光学斯塔克脉冲能有效调节极化子耦合比，从而实现可编程耦合器。这项研究不仅从根本上加深了人们对二维有机-无机混合包晶微腔内极化子动力学的理解，还展示了开发光控集成光子器件的潜力。
{"title":"Control of Polaritonic Coupler Using Optical Stark Effect in 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Microcavity","authors":"Kenneth Coker;Chuyuan Zheng;Joseph Roger Arhin;Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum;Wei Li Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3441613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2024.3441613","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into the innovative application of the optical Stark effect in dynamically guiding polaritons through a Y-shaped potential, forming a polaritonic coupler within a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity. The study explores the characteristics of the 2D perovskite, focusing on harnessing the optical Stark-induced energy shift in the polariton branches. The polaritonic coupler, which has a single input and two divergent outputs, is subjected to an external optical Stark pulse, dynamically guiding polaritons between the input and outputs. The research focuses on examining the controllability of the polaritonic coupler through the polariton coupling ratio, highlighting the regulatory role played by the optical Stark effect in this dynamic process. In-depth analyses of the spatial distribution and time evolution of polaritons within the coupler reveal that the optical Stark pulse effectively regulates the polariton coupling ratio, realizing a programmable coupler. This investigation not only advances the fundamental understanding of polariton dynamics within 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavities but also demonstrates the potential for developing optically controlled integrated photonic devices.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3437353
George Sarantoglou;Adonis Bogris;Charis Mesaritakis
In this work, we present numerical results concerning an integrated photonic non-linear activation function that relies on a power independent, non-linear phase to amplitude conversion in a passive optical resonator. The underlying mechanism is universal to all optical filters, whereas here, simulations were based on micro-ring resonators. Investigation revealed that the photonic neural node can be tuned to support a wide variety of continuous activation functions that are relevant to the neural network architectures, such as the sigmoid and the soft-plus functions. The proposed photonic node is numerically evaluated in the context of time delayed reservoir computing (TDRC) scheme, targeting the one-step ahead prediction of the Santa Fe series. The proposed phase to amplitude TDRC is benchmarked versus the conventional amplitude based TDRC, showcasing a performance boost by one order of magnitude.
在这项工作中，我们展示了有关集成光子非线性激活函数的数值结果，该函数依赖于无源光学谐振器中与功率无关的非线性相位到振幅转换。其基本机制适用于所有光学滤波器，而这里的模拟则基于微环谐振器。研究表明，光子神经节点可以进行调整，以支持与神经网络架构相关的各种连续激活函数，如sigmoid函数和软加函数。在时延储层计算（TDRC）方案的背景下，对所提出的光子节点进行了数值评估，目标是提前一步预测 Santa Fe 序列。拟议的相位到振幅 TDRC 与传统的基于振幅的 TDRC 相比，性能提高了一个数量级。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3431497
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics information for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3431497","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3431497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10615232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/jqe.2024.3434658
Yuheng Ding, Shi Zhang
{"title":"High-performance black arsenic photodetector assisted by multi-mechanisms effects detecting from visible to terahertz","authors":"Yuheng Ding, Shi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/jqe.2024.3434658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2024.3434658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryogenic CMOS controller and Superconducting processors for scalable Quantum Computing are pivotal technological advancements for cryogenic computing. However, energy-efficient data link from cryogenic operations to room temperature applications remains to be developed. In this work, we report on the development of high-speed Cryogenic VCSEL with material design of gain-cavity alignment around 40 K and oxide-aperture of $6~mu $ m operated from 2.8 K to 300 K. In addition, we have established on-wafer cryogenic microwave electrical and optical probing system for performing accurate measurement calibration. Cryo-VCSELs at 2.8 K and 40 K with the record Laser Pout >13 mW, high L-I linearity up to I/I $_{mathrm {th}} gt 125$ and bandwidth f $_{mathrm {-3dB}} gt 50$ GHz are measured. Furthermore, these devices demonstrate high-speed optical data link of NRZ =64 Gb/s with TDEC <3 dB and 112 Gb/s PAM-4 with TDECQ =2.56 dB at 7 mA operating current.
用于可扩展量子计算的低温 CMOS 控制器和超导处理器是低温计算的关键技术进步。然而，从低温操作到室温应用的高能效数据链仍有待开发。在这项工作中，我们报告了高速低温 VCSEL 的开发情况，其材料设计为增益腔对准 40 K 左右，氧化孔径为 6~mu $ m，工作温度范围为 2.8 K 至 300 K。在 2.8 K 和 40 K 温度范围内的低温-VCSEL 具有创纪录的激光 Pout >13 mW、高 L-I 线性度达 I/I $_{mathrm {th}} 和带宽达 125125$ 和带宽 f $_{mathrm {-3dB}}gt 50$ GHz。此外，这些器件还在 7 mA 工作电流条件下演示了 NRZ =64 Gb/s（TDEC <3 dB）和 112 Gb/s PAM-4 （TDECQ =2.56 dB）的高速光数据链路。
{"title":"Cryo-VCSELs Operated at 2.8 K and 40 K With Record Bandwidth, Power, and Linearity for Optical Data Links in Quantum Computing","authors":"Haonan Wu;Wenning Fu;Zetai Liu;Derek Chaw;Yulin He;Milton Feng","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3433450","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3433450","url":null,"abstract":"Cryogenic CMOS controller and Superconducting processors for scalable Quantum Computing are pivotal technological advancements for cryogenic computing. However, energy-efficient data link from cryogenic operations to room temperature applications remains to be developed. In this work, we report on the development of high-speed Cryogenic VCSEL with material design of gain-cavity alignment around 40 K and oxide-aperture of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$6~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m operated from 2.8 K to 300 K. In addition, we have established on-wafer cryogenic microwave electrical and optical probing system for performing accurate measurement calibration. Cryo-VCSELs at 2.8 K and 40 K with the record Laser Pout >13 mW, high L-I linearity up to I/I\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathrm {th}} gt 125$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and bandwidth f\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathrm {-3dB}} gt 50$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 GHz are measured. Furthermore, these devices demonstrate high-speed optical data link of NRZ =64 Gb/s with TDEC <3 dB and 112 Gb/s PAM-4 with TDECQ =2.56 dB at 7 mA operating current.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"60 5","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2024.3425571
Jiayin Peng;Nueraminaimu Maihemuti;Yimamujiang Aisan;Zhen Yang
By making use of d-dimensional Hadamard gates and d-dimensional controlled NOT gates, we first construct a five-qudit maximally entangled state, and then use it as the quantum channel to propose a new bidirectional scheme for cloning two different arbitrary unknown single-qudit simultaneously under the assistance from a state preparer and the control of a supervisor. This scheme consists of two stages: quantum teleportation and assisted cloning. To fulfil the purpose, the first stage of this scheme requires bidirectional controlled teleportation via our constructed five-qudit maximally entangled state as quantum channel, where two distant communicators can simultaneously exchange their unknown single-qudit states with unit fidelity and unit probability under the permission of the supervisor.In the second stage,the state preparer disentangles any remaining entangled states by introducing two auxiliary particles, implementing a unitary transformation and two single-particle projective measurements. Subsequently, they transmit a specific number of classical bits to two distinct communicators in order to generate two precise replicas of different unknown states. Subsequently, the above scheme is extended with a certain probability and unit fidelity by replacing the above d-dimensional quantum channel with a five-qudit non-maximally entangled state. Finally, we further analyze the expansion issues of our scheme from the perspectives of positive operator-valued measurement (POVM for short), general quantum channel and the number of state preparers and controllers, and point out that the scheme is secure.
通过利用 d 维哈达玛门和 d 维受控 NOT 门，我们首先构建了一个五比特最大纠缠态，然后将其作为量子信道，提出了一种新的双向方案，即在状态准备者的协助和监督者的控制下，同时克隆两个不同的任意未知单比特。该方案包括两个阶段：量子远距传输和辅助克隆。为了实现这一目的，该方案的第一阶段需要通过我们构建的五比特最大纠缠态作为量子信道进行双向受控远距传输，在这一阶段，两个遥远的通信者可以在监督者的允许下，以单位保真度和单位概率同时交换他们的未知单比特态。随后，他们向两个不同的通信器传输特定数量的经典比特，以生成两个不同未知状态的精确复制品。随后，将上述 d 维量子信道替换为五比特非最大纠缠态，以一定的概率和单位保真度对上述方案进行扩展。最后，我们从正算子值测量（简称 POVM）、一般量子信道以及状态准备者和控制者的数量等角度进一步分析了我们方案的扩展问题，并指出该方案是安全的。
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