Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3449326
Runxin Zhang;Menghan Li;Yuheng Zhang;Jian Xiong;Lu Lu
As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes increasingly prevalent, there is a surge in wireless-connected devices. In this context, one technique that has garnered significant attention is visible light communication (VLC) due to its ultra-wide and license-free frequency resource. However, a critical issue in utilizing VLC in IoT lies in its lack of smooth cooperation with ubiquitous radio frequency (RF)-based wireless networks. RF signals can use duplex techniques to transmit and receive bidirectional signals with one antenna. In contrast, VLC's light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and PIN diodes cannot operate in duplex mode, posing challenges in establishing two unidirectional VLC links. To address the mismatch between VLC and RF, we propose a light-based RF transceiver design called LiRF, capable of smooth transmission of RF signals through VLC for IoT devices. To verify its feasibility, we first build a prototype using 802.11ax (WiFi-6) network interface cards (NICs) in the 5 GHz channel. Experimental results show that LiRF is compatible with the 802.11bb standard, supporting TCP/IP data streams at 750 Mbps with a 200 MHz Superluminescent Diode-PIN (SLD-PIN) transceiver and at 600 Mbps with a 180 MHz LED-PIN transceiver. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first real-time bidirectional VLC system utilizing WiFi NICs capable of achieving near-Gbps data rates for a single spatial stream without altering the RF designs. LiRF paves the way for seamlessly integrating VLC into upcoming IoT networks, supporting high-speed, low-latency applications like Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.
{"title":"LiRF: Light-Based Wireless Communications Supporting Ubiquitous Radio Frequency Signals","authors":"Runxin Zhang;Menghan Li;Yuheng Zhang;Jian Xiong;Lu Lu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3449326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3449326","url":null,"abstract":"As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes increasingly prevalent, there is a surge in wireless-connected devices. In this context, one technique that has garnered significant attention is visible light communication (VLC) due to its ultra-wide and license-free frequency resource. However, a critical issue in utilizing VLC in IoT lies in its lack of smooth cooperation with ubiquitous radio frequency (RF)-based wireless networks. RF signals can use duplex techniques to transmit and receive bidirectional signals with one antenna. In contrast, VLC's light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and PIN diodes cannot operate in duplex mode, posing challenges in establishing two unidirectional VLC links. To address the mismatch between VLC and RF, we propose a light-based RF transceiver design called LiRF, capable of smooth transmission of RF signals through VLC for IoT devices. To verify its feasibility, we first build a prototype using 802.11ax (WiFi-6) network interface cards (NICs) in the 5 GHz channel. Experimental results show that LiRF is compatible with the 802.11bb standard, supporting TCP/IP data streams at 750 Mbps with a 200 MHz Superluminescent Diode-PIN (SLD-PIN) transceiver and at 600 Mbps with a 180 MHz LED-PIN transceiver. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first real-time bidirectional VLC system utilizing WiFi NICs capable of achieving near-Gbps data rates for a single spatial stream without altering the RF designs. LiRF paves the way for seamlessly integrating VLC into upcoming IoT networks, supporting high-speed, low-latency applications like Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10646482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3450295
Jiangyi Pan;Jianjun Yang;Yinhao Liu;Yijie Lv
Object detection is a vital task in the field of computer vision for various applications such as face detection, autonomous driving and industrial production. In recent years, with the rise of deep neural networks, there has been significant progress in improving object detection accuracy. However, despite the state-of-the-art methods being tested on public datasets, there still remains a considerable gap when applied to real-world scenarios. This is because there are many unknown types of damaged samples in industrial object detection, the scale of the types varies greatly and the position changes are complex. Many previous works focus on rotating object detection and improve it, but this paper mainly combines the prior knowledge in remote sensing and industrial scenes, and the research is more general. To fill the shortage of wrapper datasets, we established a Carton Packing Tape (CPT) Dataset with a large scale of images only containing cartons. Specifically, we first collect a large number of images of packaged cartons from the real packaging production line and provide detection boxes for them by manual labeling. We have observed that the contextual clues required for different object detection tasks exhibit inconsistency. Furthermore, targets in varying backgrounds necessitate different receptive fields, which can be dynamically adjusted using different convolutional kernels. The features naturally attended to by these receptive fields of different scales should possess a unified representation disentanglement. Based on these insights, we propose a pioneering object detection method tailored for industrial environments, termed as oriented R-CNN with disentangled representations (ORDR). The experimental results indicate that our proposed method outperforms better than some of the state-of-the-art detection techniques available.
{"title":"Oriented R-CNN With Disentangled Representations for Product Packaging Detection","authors":"Jiangyi Pan;Jianjun Yang;Yinhao Liu;Yijie Lv","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3450295","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3450295","url":null,"abstract":"Object detection is a vital task in the field of computer vision for various applications such as face detection, autonomous driving and industrial production. In recent years, with the rise of deep neural networks, there has been significant progress in improving object detection accuracy. However, despite the state-of-the-art methods being tested on public datasets, there still remains a considerable gap when applied to real-world scenarios. This is because there are many unknown types of damaged samples in industrial object detection, the scale of the types varies greatly and the position changes are complex. Many previous works focus on rotating object detection and improve it, but this paper mainly combines the prior knowledge in remote sensing and industrial scenes, and the research is more general. To fill the shortage of wrapper datasets, we established a Carton Packing Tape (CPT) Dataset with a large scale of images only containing cartons. Specifically, we first collect a large number of images of packaged cartons from the real packaging production line and provide detection boxes for them by manual labeling. We have observed that the contextual clues required for different object detection tasks exhibit inconsistency. Furthermore, targets in varying backgrounds necessitate different receptive fields, which can be dynamically adjusted using different convolutional kernels. The features naturally attended to by these receptive fields of different scales should possess a unified representation disentanglement. Based on these insights, we propose a pioneering object detection method tailored for industrial environments, termed as oriented R-CNN with disentangled representations (ORDR). The experimental results indicate that our proposed method outperforms better than some of the state-of-the-art detection techniques available.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10648834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the satellite-borne Fizeau phased array telescope (FPAT), the imaging quality is significantly deteriorated by tip-tilt disturbances induced by carrier maneuvering. The long exposure time of the image sensor is usually required for a good signal-to-noise ratio, which brings the time delays into the control loop of the fast-steering mirror. As a result, a low control bandwidth is insufficient to compensate for FPAT disturbances. In this paper, a time delay compensation-based disturbance observer (TDC-DOB) is proposed to reject carrier disturbances. This new TDC-DOB is plugged into the original feedback control loop, so the disturbance rejection can be optimized by designing an appropriate delay compensation controller. An improved TDC-DOB controller is presented to reject the widespread carrier disturbances, and also reduce the amplifications induced by the waterbed effect. This proposed controller can achieve a satisfying disturbance rejection beyond the closed-loop bandwidth which breaks the limitation of the existing DOB method. Both simulations and extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the TDC-DOB method can earn a significant improvement for the disturbance rejection in comparison with the conventional feedback controller.
在星载菲佐相控阵望远镜（FPAT）中，载波操纵引起的尖端倾斜干扰会大大降低成像质量。为了获得良好的信噪比，图像传感器通常需要较长的曝光时间，这就将时间延迟带入了快速转向镜的控制回路。因此，低控制带宽不足以补偿 FPAT 干扰。本文提出了一种基于时延补偿的扰动观测器（TDC-DOB）来抑制载波扰动。这种新的 TDC-DOB 被插入原始反馈控制环路，因此可以通过设计适当的延迟补偿控制器来优化干扰抑制。本文提出了一种改进的 TDC-DOB 控制器，以抑制广泛存在的载波干扰，并减少由水床效应引起的放大。这种控制器能在闭环带宽之外实现令人满意的干扰抑制，打破了现有 DOB 方法的限制。通过仿真和大量实验证明，与传统反馈控制器相比，TDC-DOB 方法能显著提高干扰抑制能力。
{"title":"On Line-of-Sight Stabilization of Fizeau Phased Array Telescope System With Delay Compensation-Based Disturbance Observer","authors":"Qiong Tu;Qiang Wang;Jian-Liang Shi;Kai-Yuan Yang;Wei Tang;Yang Li;Rong-Qi Ma;Yong-Mei Huang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3450208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3450208","url":null,"abstract":"In the satellite-borne Fizeau phased array telescope (FPAT), the imaging quality is significantly deteriorated by tip-tilt disturbances induced by carrier maneuvering. The long exposure time of the image sensor is usually required for a good signal-to-noise ratio, which brings the time delays into the control loop of the fast-steering mirror. As a result, a low control bandwidth is insufficient to compensate for FPAT disturbances. In this paper, a time delay compensation-based disturbance observer (TDC-DOB) is proposed to reject carrier disturbances. This new TDC-DOB is plugged into the original feedback control loop, so the disturbance rejection can be optimized by designing an appropriate delay compensation controller. An improved TDC-DOB controller is presented to reject the widespread carrier disturbances, and also reduce the amplifications induced by the waterbed effect. This proposed controller can achieve a satisfying disturbance rejection beyond the closed-loop bandwidth which breaks the limitation of the existing DOB method. Both simulations and extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the TDC-DOB method can earn a significant improvement for the disturbance rejection in comparison with the conventional feedback controller.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10648825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3446388
Zi Wang;Jun-Kai Wei;Pin-Chen Chen;Shien-Kuei Liaw;Jem-Kun Chen;Chien-Hung Yeh
In this paper, we demonstrate a stable output single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with eight selectable wavelengths. The EDFL achieves wavelength selection through a 1 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and generates SLM output using the passive triple subring resonator (PTSR) architecture. In the experimental measurements, we separately measured the wavelength, power, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for all eight channels. The experimental results show a wavelength spacing of approximately 0.8 nm, with OSNRs around 60 dB and powers around 2.5 dBm for each channel. The power and OSNR for all eight wavelengths show very little variation. Finally, we measured that the laser outputs are all SLM, and the measured linewidths are all less than 2.5 kHz.
{"title":"Eight-Wavelength Selectable Single-Longitudinal- Mode Fiber Laser Using 1× 8 Arrayed Waveguide Grating and Passive Triple Subring Resonators","authors":"Zi Wang;Jun-Kai Wei;Pin-Chen Chen;Shien-Kuei Liaw;Jem-Kun Chen;Chien-Hung Yeh","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3446388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3446388","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate a stable output single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with eight selectable wavelengths. The EDFL achieves wavelength selection through a 1 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and generates SLM output using the passive triple subring resonator (PTSR) architecture. In the experimental measurements, we separately measured the wavelength, power, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for all eight channels. The experimental results show a wavelength spacing of approximately 0.8 nm, with OSNRs around 60 dB and powers around 2.5 dBm for each channel. The power and OSNR for all eight wavelengths show very little variation. Finally, we measured that the laser outputs are all SLM, and the measured linewidths are all less than 2.5 kHz.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3447529
Daisuke Hisano;Takahiro Suzuki;Kohei Nishida;Akio Yamasaki;Sang-Yuep Kim;Jun-ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida
Developing dedicated hardware for each application in future optical access network systems causes significant initial investment costs. Thus, these costs are alleviated by optical access networks using general-purpose devices related to software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). We have studied physical layer virtualization to bring the advantages of SDN and NFV in optical access networks. We have focused on digital coherent technology to enhance capacity and extend reach within optical access networks. However, the future virtualized coherent access faces stringent frequency characteristics and the impact of chromatic dispersion (CD). The number of taps of finite impulse response (FIR) filters in the receiver increases rapidly for the CD compensation. The previously proposed DSP algorithm may not operate in this situation because the processing time exceeds the requirement. Therefore, this paper proposes and implements software for a lightweight multi-input-to-multi-output (MIMO) adaptive equalizer that separates FIR filters depending on the tap update period. The proposed method uses two types of FIR filters; one is used for polarization demultiplexing with short taps, and the other is a filter with long taps for the compensation of the CD in the fiber channel and the frequency distortion from the transceiver. Owing to filter separation, the calculation cost can be reduced. We indicate the processing time meeting desired requirements through real-time transmission experiments, even with increased taps. Additionally, we conduct offline simulations and experiments at a higher symbol rate than the real-time experiment.
在未来的光接入网络系统中，为每种应用开发专用硬件都会产生巨大的初始投资成本。因此，使用与软件定义网络（SDN）和网络功能虚拟化（NFV）相关的通用设备的光接入网络可以降低这些成本。我们研究了物理层虚拟化，以便在光接入网中发挥 SDN 和 NFV 的优势。我们重点研究了数字相干技术，以提高光接入网的容量并扩大其覆盖范围。然而，未来的虚拟化相干接入面临着严格的频率特性和色度色散（CD）的影响。为了进行 CD 补偿，接收器中有限脉冲响应（FIR）滤波器的抽头数量迅速增加。之前提出的 DSP 算法在这种情况下可能无法运行，因为处理时间超出了要求。因此，本文提出并实施了一种轻量级多输入多输出（MIMO）自适应均衡器软件，该均衡器可根据抽头更新周期分离 FIR 滤波器。所提出的方法使用两种类型的 FIR 滤波器，一种用于短抽头的极化解复用，另一种是长抽头滤波器，用于补偿光纤通道中的 CD 和收发器产生的频率失真。由于滤波器分离，计算成本得以降低。我们通过实时传输实验表明，即使增加抽头，处理时间也能满足预期要求。此外，我们还以比实时实验更高的符号率进行了离线模拟和实验。
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Recent advancements in Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technology have positioned it as a promising solution for high-capacity wireless communications. This paper explores novel applications of RoF systems in enhancing phased array antenna (PAA) performance for multi-channel wireless communication applications through the modulation instability (MI) phenomenon. Utilizing fibers experiencing MI with varying group velocity dispersions ( $beta _{2}$ ) of −20, −11.3, −3.2, and −2 $text{ps}^{2}/text{km}$ , the RoF system achieves operational flexibility across distinct central frequencies of 12, 16, 30, and 38 GHz, respectively. This approach represents a significant advancement in wireless communication technology, leveraging MI gain and an MI-based control system architecture to enhance performance across diverse frequency bands. The study investigates the impact of MI on modulation efficiency, presenting experimental results validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The maximum MI gain by employing a 30 km fiber under MI is 18 dB, experimentally. Further optimization, achieved by increasing the fiber length to 45 km and adjusting nonlinear parameters and input power, demonstrates a remarkable MI gain of 38.1 dB. MI-based true time delay (TTD) techniques also address beam squint challenges, enhancing beamforming capabilities. The findings suggest that integrating MI into RoF systems holds excellent potential for improving wireless communication capabilities with reduced costs and space requirements compared to conventional methods. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of RoF systems and offers insights into their practical applications in modern wireless communication networks.
光纤射频（RoF）技术的最新进展使其成为大容量无线通信的一种前景广阔的解决方案。本文探讨了 RoF 系统在通过调制不稳定性（MI）现象提高相控阵天线（PAA）性能方面的新应用。利用具有不同群速度色散（$beta _{2}$）（-20、-11.3、-3.2 和 -2 $text/{ps}^{2}/text{km}$）的调制不稳定性光纤，RoF 系统分别在 12、16、30 和 38 GHz 的不同中心频率上实现了操作灵活性。这种方法利用 MI 增益和基于 MI 的控制系统架构来提高不同频段的性能，是无线通信技术的一大进步。研究调查了 MI 对调制效率的影响，并提供了实验结果，验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明，在 MI 下使用 30 千米光纤的最大 MI 增益为 18 分贝。通过将光纤长度增加到 45 千米并调整非线性参数和输入功率，进一步优化后的 MI 增益达到了 38.1 分贝。基于 MI 的真实时延 (TTD) 技术还解决了波束斜视难题，增强了波束成形能力。研究结果表明，与传统方法相比，将 MI 集成到 RoF 系统中可以降低成本和空间需求，在提高无线通信能力方面具有巨大潜力。这项研究为 RoF 系统领域不断增长的知识做出了贡献，并为其在现代无线通信网络中的实际应用提供了深入见解。
{"title":"Multi-Channel Radio-Over-Fiber Communication Systems Through Modulation Instability Phenomenon","authors":"Rasul Azizpour;Hassan Zakeri;Gholamreza Moradi;Mohammad Alibakhshikenari;Francisco Falcone;BO Liu;Tayeb A. Dendini;Imko Park;Slawomir Koziel;Ernesto Limiti","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3446314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3446314","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technology have positioned it as a promising solution for high-capacity wireless communications. This paper explores novel applications of RoF systems in enhancing phased array antenna (PAA) performance for multi-channel wireless communication applications through the modulation instability (MI) phenomenon. Utilizing fibers experiencing MI with varying group velocity dispersions (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$beta _{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) of −20, −11.3, −3.2, and −2 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$text{ps}^{2}/text{km}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, the RoF system achieves operational flexibility across distinct central frequencies of 12, 16, 30, and 38 GHz, respectively. This approach represents a significant advancement in wireless communication technology, leveraging MI gain and an MI-based control system architecture to enhance performance across diverse frequency bands. The study investigates the impact of MI on modulation efficiency, presenting experimental results validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The maximum MI gain by employing a 30 km fiber under MI is 18 dB, experimentally. Further optimization, achieved by increasing the fiber length to 45 km and adjusting nonlinear parameters and input power, demonstrates a remarkable MI gain of 38.1 dB. MI-based true time delay (TTD) techniques also address beam squint challenges, enhancing beamforming capabilities. The findings suggest that integrating MI into RoF systems holds excellent potential for improving wireless communication capabilities with reduced costs and space requirements compared to conventional methods. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of RoF systems and offers insights into their practical applications in modern wireless communication networks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10640232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3444825
Laaya Sabri;Ranim El Ahdab;Frederic Nabki;Michaël Ménard
We present an interleaver using a Ring-Assisted Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) where the ring is coupled to one arm of the MZI through a linearly tapered multimode interferometer (MMI), harnessing the advantages of both the MMI coupler and ring assisted MZI to optimize performance. The tapered MMI coupler extends the operational bandwidth of the interleaver over more than 85 nm due to its wavelength-insensitive response and precisely tailored coupling ratio. Furthermore, it removes the need for thermal tuning of the coupling region, which reduces the power consumption and overall size of the device. The experimental performance of a silicon nitride based interleaver with a channel spacing of 0.8 nm in L-band is reported. The device shows a crosstalk level below 15 dB over a wavelength range of 85 nm.
{"title":"Broadband SiN Interleaver With a Ring Assisted MZI Using a Tapered MMI Coupler","authors":"Laaya Sabri;Ranim El Ahdab;Frederic Nabki;Michaël Ménard","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3444825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3444825","url":null,"abstract":"We present an interleaver using a Ring-Assisted Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) where the ring is coupled to one arm of the MZI through a linearly tapered multimode interferometer (MMI), harnessing the advantages of both the MMI coupler and ring assisted MZI to optimize performance. The tapered MMI coupler extends the operational bandwidth of the interleaver over more than 85 nm due to its wavelength-insensitive response and precisely tailored coupling ratio. Furthermore, it removes the need for thermal tuning of the coupling region, which reduces the power consumption and overall size of the device. The experimental performance of a silicon nitride based interleaver with a channel spacing of 0.8 nm in L-band is reported. The device shows a crosstalk level below 15 dB over a wavelength range of 85 nm.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10638209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A continuous orthogonal moment is chosen as an image feature descriptor, and a rotation correction algorithm is proposed that can accommodate any order and repetition. In order to demonstrate the expanded application scope of the algorithm, a color image watermarking algorithm based on quantization concept is developed, which enhances the classical algorithm's resistance to rotation attacks. Taking into account the current research status of watermarking algorithms, a chaotic system is employed to bolster the security of the entire process. The experimental results indicate that the calibration algorithm exhibits strong universality and high accuracy. In comparison, the mean square error of the proposed rotation angle estimation model rose from 0.042 to 0.018, and the mean absolute error climbed from 0.065 to 0.032. With this enhancement, the robustness of color image watermarking algorithms against geometric attacks has taken a significant leap forward, the normalized correlation coefficient of quantization watermarking algorithm, which could not resist rotation attack, is now stable above 0.9. Furthermore, the modulated chaotic system heightens the security of the watermark algorithm, the key space up to 10 15 , while also improving the quality of extracted watermarks.
{"title":"Rotation Correction Algorithm Based on Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments and Optimization of Color Image Security Quantization Watermarking Scheme","authors":"Yuli Yang;Meiru Jiang;Xiufang Feng;Chenchen Lu;Yongle Chen;Shuang Zhou;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3443345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3443345","url":null,"abstract":"A continuous orthogonal moment is chosen as an image feature descriptor, and a rotation correction algorithm is proposed that can accommodate any order and repetition. In order to demonstrate the expanded application scope of the algorithm, a color image watermarking algorithm based on quantization concept is developed, which enhances the classical algorithm's resistance to rotation attacks. Taking into account the current research status of watermarking algorithms, a chaotic system is employed to bolster the security of the entire process. The experimental results indicate that the calibration algorithm exhibits strong universality and high accuracy. In comparison, the mean square error of the proposed rotation angle estimation model rose from 0.042 to 0.018, and the mean absolute error climbed from 0.065 to 0.032. With this enhancement, the robustness of color image watermarking algorithms against geometric attacks has taken a significant leap forward, the normalized correlation coefficient of quantization watermarking algorithm, which could not resist rotation attack, is now stable above 0.9. Furthermore, the modulated chaotic system heightens the security of the watermark algorithm, the key space up to 10\u0000<sup>15</sup>\u0000, while also improving the quality of extracted watermarks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10636200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3443239
Fan Xiangsuo;Qin Wenlin;Feng Gaoshan;Huang Qingnan;Min Lei
Dim and small target detection plays an important role in infrared target recognition systems. In this paper, we present a dim and small target detection algorithm based on improved bilateral filtering and Gaussian motion probability estimation, aiming to improve the detection efficiency of the detection system. First, a bilateral filtering algorithm based on image patch analysis is proposed to complete the background modeling, compare with single pixel, image patch contains more neighborhood information. Then, we use the Gaussian process combining the target position of consecutive $n$ frames to predict the target position of the $(n+1)text{th}$ frame, and the target energy is accumulated along the trajectory direction at the same time. Finally, we construct the grayscale probability model to realize the multi-frame correlation detection, which combining the grayscale features and the motion characteristics of the target. Six scenes and eleven comparison algorithms are selected for experiments, experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Improved Bilateral Filtering and Gaussian Motion Probability Estimation","authors":"Fan Xiangsuo;Qin Wenlin;Feng Gaoshan;Huang Qingnan;Min Lei","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3443239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3443239","url":null,"abstract":"Dim and small target detection plays an important role in infrared target recognition systems. In this paper, we present a dim and small target detection algorithm based on improved bilateral filtering and Gaussian motion probability estimation, aiming to improve the detection efficiency of the detection system. First, a bilateral filtering algorithm based on image patch analysis is proposed to complete the background modeling, compare with single pixel, image patch contains more neighborhood information. Then, we use the Gaussian process combining the target position of consecutive \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$n$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 frames to predict the target position of the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$(n+1)text{th}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 frame, and the target energy is accumulated along the trajectory direction at the same time. Finally, we construct the grayscale probability model to realize the multi-frame correlation detection, which combining the grayscale features and the motion characteristics of the target. Six scenes and eleven comparison algorithms are selected for experiments, experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10636302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3442169
Yu Dian Lim;Peng Zhao;Luca Guidoni;Jean-Pierre Likforman;Chuan Seng Tan
In this study, a simplified transformer model is used to predict the beam waist of 1,092 nm light coupled out from SiN-based mixed pitch gratings at various heights. The beam waists data at various heights above the grating is first compiled. Then, we used a sequence of the current beam waist values, z-positions, and the computed mathematical indicators (features) to predict the next beam waist value (labels). Optimized transformer model yields average percentage error (APE) of 6.6% between the predicted and actual beam waists, which corresponds to 93.4% prediction accuracy. This study provides a pioneering approach to using natural language processing model to perform predictive modelling on photonics data, and possible extrapolation of photonics data using transformer model.
{"title":"Next-Value Prediction of Beam Waists From Mixed Pitch Grating Using Simplified Transformer Model","authors":"Yu Dian Lim;Peng Zhao;Luca Guidoni;Jean-Pierre Likforman;Chuan Seng Tan","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3442169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3442169","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a simplified transformer model is used to predict the beam waist of 1,092 nm light coupled out from SiN-based mixed pitch gratings at various heights. The beam waists data at various heights above the grating is first compiled. Then, we used a sequence of the current beam waist values, z-positions, and the computed mathematical indicators (features) to predict the next beam waist value (labels). Optimized transformer model yields average percentage error (APE) of 6.6% between the predicted and actual beam waists, which corresponds to 93.4% prediction accuracy. This study provides a pioneering approach to using natural language processing model to perform predictive modelling on photonics data, and possible extrapolation of photonics data using transformer model.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10634767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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