Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3616255
Guochuan Ren;Chuanfei Yao;Linjing Yang;Xuan Wang;Yunhao Zhu;Pingxue Li
We investigate theoretically the enhanced 3.7 μm mid-infrared (MIR) dispersive waves (DWs) generation in Er-doped fluorotellurite fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs). This model includes Raman soliton generation, soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS), soliton gain, and DW generation. Making full use of the Er3+ gain band, the soliton located in 2.8 μm is amplified and then radiates an enhanced 3.7 μm MIR DW. With a 20 dB/m gain, the output DW energy from the Er-doped fluorotellurite fiber exhibits a 14-fold enhancement compared to the no-gain case, while the soliton-to-DW conversion efficiency increases from 41% to 79%. We design different dispersion curves by changing the core diameter and obtaining different wavelength DWs ranging from 3.0 to 3.9 μm. Further, we investigated general methods to optimize the pulse energy, pulse width of Raman solitons and DWs, and conversion efficiency. Increasing the pump power or fiber length can both enhance the DW energy and improve the conversion efficiency from solitons to DWs. The narrowest Raman soliton pulse width can be achieved by optimizing the fiber length. Our results offer significant insights for achieving high-energy, high-efficiency 3.7 μm MIR picosecond laser generation.
{"title":"Numerical Demonstration of the Enhanced 3.7 μm Dispersive Wave Generation in an Er-Doped Fluorotellurite Fiber","authors":"Guochuan Ren;Chuanfei Yao;Linjing Yang;Xuan Wang;Yunhao Zhu;Pingxue Li","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3616255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3616255","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate theoretically the enhanced 3.7 μm mid-infrared (MIR) dispersive waves (DWs) generation in Er-doped fluorotellurite fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs). This model includes Raman soliton generation, soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS), soliton gain, and DW generation. Making full use of the Er<sup>3+</sup> gain band, the soliton located in 2.8 μm is amplified and then radiates an enhanced 3.7 μm MIR DW. With a 20 dB/m gain, the output DW energy from the Er-doped fluorotellurite fiber exhibits a 14-fold enhancement compared to the no-gain case, while the soliton-to-DW conversion efficiency increases from 41% to 79%. We design different dispersion curves by changing the core diameter and obtaining different wavelength DWs ranging from 3.0 to 3.9 μm. Further, we investigated general methods to optimize the pulse energy, pulse width of Raman solitons and DWs, and conversion efficiency. Increasing the pump power or fiber length can both enhance the DW energy and improve the conversion efficiency from solitons to DWs. The narrowest Raman soliton pulse width can be achieved by optimizing the fiber length. Our results offer significant insights for achieving high-energy, high-efficiency 3.7 μm MIR picosecond laser generation.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11186215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3614723
Caixin Zhang;Shengyi Wang;Fei Zhang;Bowen Jia;Qiu Wang
Honey encryption is a potent data security method that thwarts attackers by generating deceptive yet plausible messages, but its large-scale adoption is hindered by cumbersome and time-intensive encryption processes, and this study aims to address this limitation by proposing a novel encryption framework that, for the first time to our knowledge, integrates honey encryption with metasurfaces to enhance both security and efficiency. The methodology involves employing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based iterative algorithm to optimize the phase distribution of metasurfaces, ensuring it matches the amplitude of the target image, which enables rapid and effective encryption and decryption processes. Key results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms traditional encryption methods in both security and transmission efficiency, with successful realization of secure data transmission through metasurface-based modulation. In conclusion, this integration of honey encryption and metasurface technology not only addresses the inefficiencies of conventional honey encryption but also shows significant promise for wide-ranging applications in data encryption and secure communications, leveraging the advancing metasurface technology.
{"title":"Metasurface-Enabled Honey Encryption: A New Paradigm for Secure Data Transmission","authors":"Caixin Zhang;Shengyi Wang;Fei Zhang;Bowen Jia;Qiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3614723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3614723","url":null,"abstract":"Honey encryption is a potent data security method that thwarts attackers by generating deceptive yet plausible messages, but its large-scale adoption is hindered by cumbersome and time-intensive encryption processes, and this study aims to address this limitation by proposing a novel encryption framework that, for the first time to our knowledge, integrates honey encryption with metasurfaces to enhance both security and efficiency. The methodology involves employing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based iterative algorithm to optimize the phase distribution of metasurfaces, ensuring it matches the amplitude of the target image, which enables rapid and effective encryption and decryption processes. Key results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms traditional encryption methods in both security and transmission efficiency, with successful realization of secure data transmission through metasurface-based modulation. In conclusion, this integration of honey encryption and metasurface technology not only addresses the inefficiencies of conventional honey encryption but also shows significant promise for wide-ranging applications in data encryption and secure communications, leveraging the advancing metasurface technology.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11181092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose in this paper a highly linear dual-drive silicon-on-insulator Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) assisted by a micro-ring resonator for the microwave photonics and the integrated optical gyroscope applications. By optimizing the DC biases on both the micro-ring and the MZM arm, as well as the coupling efficiency between them, the modulator’s output can be maximally tuned. At specific operating points, third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) is suppressed, enabling a linearized transfer function. Simulations demonstrate a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of up to 142.3 dB·Hz2/3—a significant improvement over conventional dual-drive MZMs. Simulation results reveal that the modulator schematic we proposed is insensitive to the fab process as the SFDR can be optimized with the bias voltages after fabrication. This work provides a viable path toward high-performance modulators for high-density photonic-electronic integration.
{"title":"Enhanced Linearity Dual-Drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator Assisted by Micro-Ring Resonator on SOI Platform","authors":"Zhijie Zhou;Chonglei Sun;Liuge Du;Xiao Xu;Jia Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3614582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3614582","url":null,"abstract":"We propose in this paper a highly linear dual-drive silicon-on-insulator Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) assisted by a micro-ring resonator for the microwave photonics and the integrated optical gyroscope applications. By optimizing the DC biases on both the micro-ring and the MZM arm, as well as the coupling efficiency between them, the modulator’s output can be maximally tuned. At specific operating points, third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) is suppressed, enabling a linearized transfer function. Simulations demonstrate a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of up to 142.3 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup>—a significant improvement over conventional dual-drive MZMs. Simulation results reveal that the modulator schematic we proposed is insensitive to the fab process as the SFDR can be optimized with the bias voltages after fabrication. This work provides a viable path toward high-performance modulators for high-density photonic-electronic integration.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11180783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613767
Yao Nie;Chensitian Zhang;Xianglin Fan;Huan Wu;Fugui He;Yang Yang
Integrated visible light positioning and communication (VLPC) has been proposed to achieve both a high communication rate and accurate positioning. However, to integrate the visible light positioning (VLP) function, existing VLPC works typically suffer from a certain visible light communication (VLC) performance degradation. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive direct current-biased optical OFDM (ADCO-OFDM) scheme. In particular, we first design a novel waveform for ADCO-OFDM, which modulates the direct current (DC) bias of the VLC DCO-OFDM signal for positioning. Considering a practical system model with multi-LED and single photodetector (PD), the achievable rate of VLC and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for VLP are derived to analyze VLPC performance. Furthermore, to avoid the reverse effects of occlusions and obstacles, a joint LED selection and waveform design (J-LW) algorithm is proposed to optimize the VLPC performance. Specifically, the J-LW algorithm selects the most suitable LEDs for the VLPC system. Then, based on the selected LED subsets, a waveform optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously optimize communication and positioning precision. To solve the optimization problem, we prove the convexity of the optimization problem and solve it using convex optimization tools. Experiment results show that the proposed ADCO-OFDM can achieve up to 50% higher achievable rate and 72% lower CRLB values at most compared with the baseline models when the SNR is 22 dB.
{"title":"An Adaptive DCO-OFDM Scheme With Joint LED Selection and Waveform Design for Integrated Visible Light Positioning and Communication","authors":"Yao Nie;Chensitian Zhang;Xianglin Fan;Huan Wu;Fugui He;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613767","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated visible light positioning and communication (VLPC) has been proposed to achieve both a high communication rate and accurate positioning. However, to integrate the visible light positioning (VLP) function, existing VLPC works typically suffer from a certain visible light communication (VLC) performance degradation. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive direct current-biased optical OFDM (ADCO-OFDM) scheme. In particular, we first design a novel waveform for ADCO-OFDM, which modulates the direct current (DC) bias of the VLC DCO-OFDM signal for positioning. Considering a practical system model with multi-LED and single photodetector (PD), the achievable rate of VLC and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for VLP are derived to analyze VLPC performance. Furthermore, to avoid the reverse effects of occlusions and obstacles, a joint LED selection and waveform design (J-LW) algorithm is proposed to optimize the VLPC performance. Specifically, the J-LW algorithm selects the most suitable LEDs for the VLPC system. Then, based on the selected LED subsets, a waveform optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously optimize communication and positioning precision. To solve the optimization problem, we prove the convexity of the optimization problem and solve it using convex optimization tools. Experiment results show that the proposed ADCO-OFDM can achieve up to 50% higher achievable rate and 72% lower CRLB values at most compared with the baseline models when the SNR is 22 dB.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11176964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613743
Wencan Wei;Fuda Jiang;Chonglei Zhang
The Extended Nijboer-Zernike (ENZ) theory, an analytical solution based on Zernike polynomials within Fourier integration, offers unique advantages in characterizing imaging spaces. In contrast to conventional phase retrieval algorithms that typically require weak amplitude variation, the ENZ model is well-suited to handle significant amplitude variations in complex field reconstruction. This paper introduces a complex-field retrieval method for microscopic imaging systems based on the ENZ model. The proposed method is particularly effective in scenarios involving substantial amplitude modulation, exhibiting high convergence accuracy and robustness. The performance of the reconstruction is demonstrated through extensive numerical simulations and experimental validation under varying parameter conditions.
{"title":"ENZ-Based High Fidelity Complex-Field Reconstruction","authors":"Wencan Wei;Fuda Jiang;Chonglei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613743","url":null,"abstract":"The Extended Nijboer-Zernike (ENZ) theory, an analytical solution based on Zernike polynomials within Fourier integration, offers unique advantages in characterizing imaging spaces. In contrast to conventional phase retrieval algorithms that typically require weak amplitude variation, the ENZ model is well-suited to handle significant amplitude variations in complex field reconstruction. This paper introduces a complex-field retrieval method for microscopic imaging systems based on the ENZ model. The proposed method is particularly effective in scenarios involving substantial amplitude modulation, exhibiting high convergence accuracy and robustness. The performance of the reconstruction is demonstrated through extensive numerical simulations and experimental validation under varying parameter conditions.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11176961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613593
Junwei Ren;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu
This paper theoretically analyze signal and noise properties in phase modulation-based (PM-based) fiber-optic radio frequency (RF) transfer system, and experimentally demonstrate RF transfer using dispersion shifting. The dispersion-induced phase noise (DPN) and power spectral density (PSD) of the transferred RF signal are derived. The experimental results indicate that the DPN is highly dependent on phase noise characteristics of optical carrier for different categories of lasers, and the short-term frequency stability of transfer system cannot be predicted solely by linewidth. The distribution of optical carrier phase noise ought to be considered when using different categories of lasers. For eliminating dispersion-induced signal fading, chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) and dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)-based dispersion shifting are employed, respectively, in the PM-based RF transfer system. CFBG-based dispersion shifting scheme exhibits stronger temperature and optical carrier linewidth-related timing fluctuation than DCF-based scheme. Based on the proposed signal fading elimination approach and active phase compensation technique, a 9 GHz RF signal is transferred over a single-span of 90 km fiber link, the measured frequency stabilities reach ${bf 4.8 times 10^{-14}}$ at 1s and ${bf 7.7 times 10^{-17}}$ at 10,000s, respectively. The demonstrated research provides valuable guidance for high-fidelity, long single-span and optical amplifier-free fiber-optic transfer of microwave atomic clocks.
{"title":"Analysis and Demonstration of Phase Modulation-Based Fiber-Optic Radio Frequency Transfer Using Dispersion Shifting","authors":"Junwei Ren;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3613593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper theoretically analyze signal and noise properties in phase modulation-based (PM-based) fiber-optic radio frequency (RF) transfer system, and experimentally demonstrate RF transfer using dispersion shifting. The dispersion-induced phase noise (DPN) and power spectral density (PSD) of the transferred RF signal are derived. The experimental results indicate that the DPN is highly dependent on phase noise characteristics of optical carrier for different categories of lasers, and the short-term frequency stability of transfer system cannot be predicted solely by linewidth. The distribution of optical carrier phase noise ought to be considered when using different categories of lasers. For eliminating dispersion-induced signal fading, chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) and dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)-based dispersion shifting are employed, respectively, in the PM-based RF transfer system. CFBG-based dispersion shifting scheme exhibits stronger temperature and optical carrier linewidth-related timing fluctuation than DCF-based scheme. Based on the proposed signal fading elimination approach and active phase compensation technique, a 9 GHz RF signal is transferred over a single-span of 90 km fiber link, the measured frequency stabilities reach <inline-formula><tex-math>${bf 4.8 times 10^{-14}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 1s and <inline-formula><tex-math>${bf 7.7 times 10^{-17}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 10,000s, respectively. The demonstrated research provides valuable guidance for high-fidelity, long single-span and optical amplifier-free fiber-optic transfer of microwave atomic clocks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11176160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3612389
Nobuhide Yokota;Hiroshi Yasaka
This study investigates the spin polarization modulation responses of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) through numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The study employs the spin-flip model and optical spin polarization modulation technique, focusing on polarization bistability of VCSELs. Results indicate that the effective values of birefringence and dichroism—both dependent on the injection current of the VCSEL—influence spin polarization modulation responses. These findings suggest that polarization bistable VCSELs exhibit switchable spin polarization modulation characteristics that depend on the lasing polarization state. The observed results provide new insight into the application of spin-controlled VCSELs with polarization bistability.
{"title":"Spin Polarization Modulation Responses of Polarization Bistable VCSELs","authors":"Nobuhide Yokota;Hiroshi Yasaka","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3612389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3612389","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the spin polarization modulation responses of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) through numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The study employs the spin-flip model and optical spin polarization modulation technique, focusing on polarization bistability of VCSELs. Results indicate that the effective values of birefringence and dichroism—both dependent on the injection current of the VCSEL—influence spin polarization modulation responses. These findings suggest that polarization bistable VCSELs exhibit switchable spin polarization modulation characteristics that depend on the lasing polarization state. The observed results provide new insight into the application of spin-controlled VCSELs with polarization bistability.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11175017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3611082
Chieri Okawa;Hiraku Okada;Tadahiro Wada
This study focuses on visible light communication using a high-speed display and rolling shutter camera. In conventional methods, data are arranged in vertical stripes, but the low transmission rate is a critical challenge. Herein, we improve the transmission rate by arranging data in a grid pattern. Owing to the characteristics of rolling shutter cameras, which are used as the receiver, the data loss rate increases. Therefore, we propose a method using error correction codes and conduct performance evaluation experiments. In the proposed method, the transmission data are encoded using error correction codes, and the packet structure is adapted to the capturing characteristics of the rolling shutter camera. Through experiments, we compared the conventional vertical stripe arrangement with the proposed grid arrangement and evaluated the impact of different code rates and lengths, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving higher transmission rates.
{"title":"High-Speed Transmission Based on Grid-Patterned Data Images in Display-Camera Visible Light Communication","authors":"Chieri Okawa;Hiraku Okada;Tadahiro Wada","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3611082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3611082","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on visible light communication using a high-speed display and rolling shutter camera. In conventional methods, data are arranged in vertical stripes, but the low transmission rate is a critical challenge. Herein, we improve the transmission rate by arranging data in a grid pattern. Owing to the characteristics of rolling shutter cameras, which are used as the receiver, the data loss rate increases. Therefore, we propose a method using error correction codes and conduct performance evaluation experiments. In the proposed method, the transmission data are encoded using error correction codes, and the packet structure is adapted to the capturing characteristics of the rolling shutter camera. Through experiments, we compared the conventional vertical stripe arrangement with the proposed grid arrangement and evaluated the impact of different code rates and lengths, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving higher transmission rates.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11168200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610914
Weiwei Pan;Jinhua Chen;Ruoyun Yao;Yu Cheng;Chen Ji
We propose a hardware-efficient optical matrix processor based on low-rank approximation, utilizing narrowband filters of microring resonators (MRRs) and broadband Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Our design enables the realization of a 4×4 matrix using only four MRRs and four MZIs, achieving a 50% reduction in optical components compared to conventional architectures that rely on crossbar arrays of MRRs or MZI arrays implemented through singular value decomposition. We experimentally validate the efficacy of this approach in image convolution using functional equivalents of the optical matrix processor. Additionally, in a digital number classification task, our proposal achieves a prediction accuracy of 96%, closely matching the theoretical accuracy of 96.21%. These results highlight the efficiency and accuracy of our optical matrix processor design, offering a viable solution for executing large-scale matrix operations with improved resource utilization.
{"title":"Hardware-Efficient Optical Matrix Processor via Low-Rank Approximation","authors":"Weiwei Pan;Jinhua Chen;Ruoyun Yao;Yu Cheng;Chen Ji","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610914","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a hardware-efficient optical matrix processor based on low-rank approximation, utilizing narrowband filters of microring resonators (MRRs) and broadband Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Our design enables the realization of a 4×4 matrix using only four MRRs and four MZIs, achieving a 50% reduction in optical components compared to conventional architectures that rely on crossbar arrays of MRRs or MZI arrays implemented through singular value decomposition. We experimentally validate the efficacy of this approach in image convolution using functional equivalents of the optical matrix processor. Additionally, in a digital number classification task, our proposal achieves a prediction accuracy of 96%, closely matching the theoretical accuracy of 96.21%. These results highlight the efficiency and accuracy of our optical matrix processor design, offering a viable solution for executing large-scale matrix operations with improved resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11165743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610608
Lan Luo;Suhui Weng;Rui Xiang;Daofu Han;Haitao Yan
Erbium-doped fiber laser serves as a crucial cornerstone in the development of optical communications while its performance design primarily relies on inefficient manual adjustments. This paper proposes an AI model for the intelligent design of ring erbium-doped fiber lasers, in which the variables are preset based on the complex nonlinear relationships among 5 key design parameters of the ring erbium-doped fiber laser. The model integrates the theoretical mechanisms of the ring erbium-doped fiber laser with 3-layer fully connected neural networks. By employing a new dual-channel neural network architecture with physical constraints, the model enables the prediction of output characteristics under various parameter combinations and facilitates the inversion of target performance indicators to structural parameters. The application of design parameters resulted in a deviation of only 3.91% in the output power of the erbium-doped fiber laser, while reducing the design process to approximately 2 hours. This method facilitates the intelligent design of erbium-doped fiber lasers and offers a novel approach for the intelligent design of ring fiber lasers.
{"title":"The Construction of an Artificial Intelligence Model for the Intelligent Design of Ring Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers","authors":"Lan Luo;Suhui Weng;Rui Xiang;Daofu Han;Haitao Yan","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3610608","url":null,"abstract":"Erbium-doped fiber laser serves as a crucial cornerstone in the development of optical communications while its performance design primarily relies on inefficient manual adjustments. This paper proposes an AI model for the intelligent design of ring erbium-doped fiber lasers, in which the variables are preset based on the complex nonlinear relationships among 5 key design parameters of the ring erbium-doped fiber laser. The model integrates the theoretical mechanisms of the ring erbium-doped fiber laser with 3-layer fully connected neural networks. By employing a new dual-channel neural network architecture with physical constraints, the model enables the prediction of output characteristics under various parameter combinations and facilitates the inversion of target performance indicators to structural parameters. The application of design parameters resulted in a deviation of only 3.91% in the output power of the erbium-doped fiber laser, while reducing the design process to approximately 2 hours. This method facilitates the intelligent design of erbium-doped fiber lasers and offers a novel approach for the intelligent design of ring fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 6","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11165305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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