Compared with conventional imaging methods, Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) has efficient noise immunity, wide spectral coverage, non-local imaging ability and long imaging range. Leveraging FSPI for object detection holds promising applications. However, considering the imaging speed of FSPI, it is necessary to obtain the imaging scene information in the under-sampling condition. The quality of FSPI reconstructions with low sampling rate is low and utilizing low quality reconstruction results for object detection will lead to low detection accuracy. To address the challenges, a joint reconstruction-detection framework based on FSPI is proposed. The Spatial-Adaptive Reconstruction Network (SARN) is designed to rapidly reconstruct the low-sampling rate image to improve the image quality. The Mixed Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast (MSPPF) and Deformable Convolution (DCN) are integrated into the object detection network to improve the detection performance. Through joint training strategy, the synergy between high-level and low-level vision tasks is strengthened, so as to further improve the detection accuracy. Numerical simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed method not only improves the quality of FSPI reconstruction with low sampling rate, but also significantly improves the performance of object detection tasks.
{"title":"FSPI-R&D: Joint Reconstruction and Detection to Enhance the Object Detection Precision of Fourier Single-Pixel Imaging","authors":"Hancui Zhang;Haozhen Chen;Xu Yang;Zhen Yang;Long Wu;Yong Zhang;Jianlong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495813","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional imaging methods, Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) has efficient noise immunity, wide spectral coverage, non-local imaging ability and long imaging range. Leveraging FSPI for object detection holds promising applications. However, considering the imaging speed of FSPI, it is necessary to obtain the imaging scene information in the under-sampling condition. The quality of FSPI reconstructions with low sampling rate is low and utilizing low quality reconstruction results for object detection will lead to low detection accuracy. To address the challenges, a joint reconstruction-detection framework based on FSPI is proposed. The Spatial-Adaptive Reconstruction Network (SARN) is designed to rapidly reconstruct the low-sampling rate image to improve the image quality. The Mixed Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast (MSPPF) and Deformable Convolution (DCN) are integrated into the object detection network to improve the detection performance. Through joint training strategy, the synergy between high-level and low-level vision tasks is strengthened, so as to further improve the detection accuracy. Numerical simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed method not only improves the quality of FSPI reconstruction with low sampling rate, but also significantly improves the performance of object detection tasks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are performed over the same channel. In this paper, we propose a novel method for integrated key distribution by optical steganography based on dither-remodulation in a bias controller of the Mach-Zehnder modulator. No extra wavelength or bandwidth is used for the stealth channel, which is transmitted together within the public channel. The concealing depth of the stealth signal reaches −36.2 dB, and its steganographic effect provides additional security, which further improves the overall security of the optical physical layer. The bidirectional stealth transmission can support light-weight temporary key exchange mechanism, combined with asymmetric encryption algorithm, to achieve high security and forward/backward security of seed keys. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time integrated key distribution via optical steganography in a QNSC system. The experimental results show that a real-time bidirectional stealth link is established at a rate of 1 kbps in a fiber transmission distance of 97 km for a public QNSC transmission at a rate of 32 Gbps, providing a seed key refresh frequency of over 1 Hz.
{"title":"Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System","authors":"Yuanxiang Wang;Hanwen Luo;Tian Qiu;Linsheng Zhong;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Lei Deng;Deming Liu;Mengfan Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495834","url":null,"abstract":"To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are performed over the same channel. In this paper, we propose a novel method for integrated key distribution by optical steganography based on dither-remodulation in a bias controller of the Mach-Zehnder modulator. No extra wavelength or bandwidth is used for the stealth channel, which is transmitted together within the public channel. The concealing depth of the stealth signal reaches −36.2 dB, and its steganographic effect provides additional security, which further improves the overall security of the optical physical layer. The bidirectional stealth transmission can support light-weight temporary key exchange mechanism, combined with asymmetric encryption algorithm, to achieve high security and forward/backward security of seed keys. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time integrated key distribution via optical steganography in a QNSC system. The experimental results show that a real-time bidirectional stealth link is established at a rate of 1 kbps in a fiber transmission distance of 97 km for a public QNSC transmission at a rate of 32 Gbps, providing a seed key refresh frequency of over 1 Hz.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work elucidates the intricate interplay between the structural complexity of double absorber layered perovskite solar cells and the presence of defects, offering crucial insights for advancing the field of photovoltaics. The study systematically investigates the impact of a heterostructure featuring two perovskite absorber layers on device efficiency and highlights the challenges associated with defects. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of a precisely tuned conduction band offset within the heterostructure, a parameter critical for achieving superior charge transport properties and overall device performance. Moreover, deliberate introduction of acceptor defects emerges as a strategic avenue for enhancing the structural integrity and photovoltaic output of the solar cell. This research contributes to the evolving understanding of defect engineering in perovskite solar cells, providing an intricate perspective on defect dynamics to improve device functionality. The identified parameters and insights presented in this study facilitate and guide the design and fabrication of advanced perovskite solar cells, emphasizing the importance of tailored heterostructure configurations and defect management strategies.
{"title":"Defect Density-Dependent Dynamics of Double Absorber Layered Perovskite Solar Cell","authors":"Jagupilla Lakshmi Prasanna;Ekta Goel;Amarjit Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3494817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3494817","url":null,"abstract":"This work elucidates the intricate interplay between the structural complexity of double absorber layered perovskite solar cells and the presence of defects, offering crucial insights for advancing the field of photovoltaics. The study systematically investigates the impact of a heterostructure featuring two perovskite absorber layers on device efficiency and highlights the challenges associated with defects. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of a precisely tuned conduction band offset within the heterostructure, a parameter critical for achieving superior charge transport properties and overall device performance. Moreover, deliberate introduction of acceptor defects emerges as a strategic avenue for enhancing the structural integrity and photovoltaic output of the solar cell. This research contributes to the evolving understanding of defect engineering in perovskite solar cells, providing an intricate perspective on defect dynamics to improve device functionality. The identified parameters and insights presented in this study facilitate and guide the design and fabrication of advanced perovskite solar cells, emphasizing the importance of tailored heterostructure configurations and defect management strategies.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the laser-based displays that can offer the light source with a high level of photobiological safety and are suitable for users of different ages, this research optimizes the light source of the three-primary laser-based displays from its peak wavelength and the fractions of radiant flux. The non-linear program based on genetic algorithm is used to set the color gamut coverage over 90% and the correlated color temperature at 6500K. Find suitable peak wavelength and fractions of radiant flux with the premise of less than the blue light hazard (BLH) caused by the D65 light source to the 1 year, and select the result with the maximum circadian action factor (CAF) as the optimization for each age. Meanwhile, this research explores the effect that a change in the peak wavelength and fractions of radiant flux near the optimal results on CAF and BLH in different age groups. It provides reference for the design of health consideration laser displays for different age users in the daily working environment.
{"title":"Spectral Optimization of the Three-Primary Laser-Based Displays With Large Circadian Action Factor Based on Age of User","authors":"Jiale Wang;Biao Ding;Qingfeng Wu;Weijun Huang;Qing Xiao;Wei Xiao;Chaodan Zheng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3492036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3492036","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the laser-based displays that can offer the light source with a high level of photobiological safety and are suitable for users of different ages, this research optimizes the light source of the three-primary laser-based displays from its peak wavelength and the fractions of radiant flux. The non-linear program based on genetic algorithm is used to set the color gamut coverage over 90% and the correlated color temperature at 6500K. Find suitable peak wavelength and fractions of radiant flux with the premise of less than the blue light hazard (BLH) caused by the D65 light source to the 1 year, and select the result with the maximum circadian action factor (CAF) as the optimization for each age. Meanwhile, this research explores the effect that a change in the peak wavelength and fractions of radiant flux near the optimal results on CAF and BLH in different age groups. It provides reference for the design of health consideration laser displays for different age users in the daily working environment.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10742621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3489725
Miroslav Slouka;Ladislav Stanke;Martin Kutáč;Jan Látal
This research investigates the light quality and thermal management of InGaN and InGaAlP Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) under various light regulation methods. We compare Continuous Wave (CW) and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) modes, examining their impacts on luminous flux, temperature, total color shift, and angular color shift. Our findings reveal that the CW mode offers higher luminous flux and reduced temperatures, while the PWM mode ensures enhanced color stability across different currents and viewing angles, especially for white LEDs; however, this stability does not extend to other LED types. From both optical and visual performance perspectives, the study emphasizes optimizing the driving current to meet regulatory requirements and ensure consistent color perception. These insights are crucial for automotive lighting design, contributing to improved regulatory compliance and aesthetic quality.
{"title":"Optical and Visual Performance of PWM Controlled InGaN and InGaAlP LEDs for Automotive Lighting Applications","authors":"Miroslav Slouka;Ladislav Stanke;Martin Kutáč;Jan Látal","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3489725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3489725","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the light quality and thermal management of InGaN and InGaAlP Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) under various light regulation methods. We compare Continuous Wave (CW) and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) modes, examining their impacts on luminous flux, temperature, total color shift, and angular color shift. Our findings reveal that the CW mode offers higher luminous flux and reduced temperatures, while the PWM mode ensures enhanced color stability across different currents and viewing angles, especially for white LEDs; however, this stability does not extend to other LED types. From both optical and visual performance perspectives, the study emphasizes optimizing the driving current to meet regulatory requirements and ensure consistent color perception. These insights are crucial for automotive lighting design, contributing to improved regulatory compliance and aesthetic quality.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10740649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488073
Zhiyong Wu;Jinbo Xue;Wei Liu;Dairan Jin;Xingxin Fu;Hongli Li;Yixuan Tan;Jingtai Cao
Atmospheric turbulence can significantly impact the effectiveness of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in long-range detection. A technique for wavefront correction, which is based on the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) optimization algorithm, is proposed. The method integrates coherent detection theory with adaptive optics technology, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of turbulence. This work evaluates the suitability of the algorithm in coherent LiDAR through theoretical analysis and establishes the necessary theoretical relationships. Through numerical simulation, we assess its optimization ability for Strehl ratio (SR), bit error rate (BER), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and detection distance (DR). We also conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the number of iterations of the algorithm affecting SR, SNR, and DR. This analysis provides robust data support for balancing the performance of the system. The results show that the corrected SR can reach 0.96, 0.88, and 0.75, the SNR can be improved by 7 dB, 16 dB, and 26 dB, and the DR can be improved by 8%, 17%, and 30% in gentle, moderate, and strong turbulence, respectively.
大气湍流会严重影响光探测与测距（LiDAR）的远距离探测效果。本文提出了一种基于随机平行梯度下降（SPGD）优化算法的波前校正技术。该方法将相干探测理论与自适应光学技术相结合，有效地减轻了湍流的不利影响。这项工作通过理论分析评估了该算法在相干激光雷达中的适用性，并建立了必要的理论关系。通过数值模拟，我们评估了该算法在斯特雷尔比（SR）、误码率（BER）、信噪比（SNR）和探测距离（DR）方面的优化能力。我们还全面分析了算法迭代次数对 SR、SNR 和 DR 的影响。该分析为平衡系统性能提供了可靠的数据支持。结果表明，在平缓、中等和强湍流情况下，修正后的 SR 可分别达到 0.96、0.88 和 0.75，SNR 可分别提高 7 dB、16 dB 和 26 dB，DR 可分别提高 8%、17% 和 30%。
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Performance Improvement of Coherent LiDAR Based on SPGD Algorithm","authors":"Zhiyong Wu;Jinbo Xue;Wei Liu;Dairan Jin;Xingxin Fu;Hongli Li;Yixuan Tan;Jingtai Cao","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488073","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence can significantly impact the effectiveness of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in long-range detection. A technique for wavefront correction, which is based on the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) optimization algorithm, is proposed. The method integrates coherent detection theory with adaptive optics technology, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of turbulence. This work evaluates the suitability of the algorithm in coherent LiDAR through theoretical analysis and establishes the necessary theoretical relationships. Through numerical simulation, we assess its optimization ability for Strehl ratio (SR), bit error rate (BER), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and detection distance (DR). We also conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the number of iterations of the algorithm affecting SR, SNR, and DR. This analysis provides robust data support for balancing the performance of the system. The results show that the corrected SR can reach 0.96, 0.88, and 0.75, the SNR can be improved by 7 dB, 16 dB, and 26 dB, and the DR can be improved by 8%, 17%, and 30% in gentle, moderate, and strong turbulence, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488120
Hansen Kurniawan Njoto;Alfreda Krisna Altama;Wei-Xing Lu;Ting-Hao Chang;Kuan-Chou Lin;San-Liang Lee;Jinn P. Chu;Chih-Ting Lin
We fabricate and demonstrate a thermal-radiation far-infared light source with enhanced thermal radiation efficiency, particularly within the crucial 8--14 μm wavelength range, which is vital for various applications. The device utilizes a metallic nanotube array (MeNTA) meticulously fabricated on a silicon wafer using stainless-steel material through sputter deposition. The simulation with Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach reveals significant alterations to the blackbodyradiated far-infrared spectrum. Experimental validation via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements confirms a pronounced wavelength filtering effect, primarily centered at 10.2 μm. The device incorporating stainless steel MeNTA exhibits 1.4 times improvement in luminous efficiency, reaching 7.45 × 10 −3 , accompanied by a radiated power of 11.034 mW and 0.681 mW/mm 2 radiated power per area. These outcomes suggest the potential for expanding the fabrication process with alternative geometries and periods to tailor specific infrared emissions, which enables suitable thermal emitters for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Metallic Nanotube Array Enabling Far Infrared Thermal Emitter Performance Enhancement","authors":"Hansen Kurniawan Njoto;Alfreda Krisna Altama;Wei-Xing Lu;Ting-Hao Chang;Kuan-Chou Lin;San-Liang Lee;Jinn P. Chu;Chih-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488120","url":null,"abstract":"We fabricate and demonstrate a thermal-radiation far-infared light source with enhanced thermal radiation efficiency, particularly within the crucial 8--14 μm wavelength range, which is vital for various applications. The device utilizes a metallic nanotube array (MeNTA) meticulously fabricated on a silicon wafer using stainless-steel material through sputter deposition. The simulation with Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach reveals significant alterations to the blackbodyradiated far-infrared spectrum. Experimental validation via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements confirms a pronounced wavelength filtering effect, primarily centered at 10.2 μm. The device incorporating stainless steel MeNTA exhibits 1.4 times improvement in luminous efficiency, reaching 7.45 × 10\u0000<sup>−3</sup>\u0000, accompanied by a radiated power of 11.034 mW and 0.681 mW/mm\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 radiated power per area. These outcomes suggest the potential for expanding the fabrication process with alternative geometries and periods to tailor specific infrared emissions, which enables suitable thermal emitters for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488039
Han Dong;Zhiyuan Huang;Xiaotao Yang;Zhuozhao Luo;Yu Zheng;Ruochen Yin;Wenbin He;Meng Pang;Xin Jiang
We demonstrate that by using a cascaded configuration of five solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) samples with progressively decreasing core diameters, ultraviolet light with wavelengths as short as ∼300 nm can be generated in a supercontinuum (SC) set-up. With a nanosecond laser as the pump light, the modulation instability effect leads to the generation of multiple optical solitons in the first PCF sample which has a close-to-zero dispersion value at the pump wavelength (∼1064 nm). The following PCF samples with decreasing core diameters enhance the waveguide nonlinearity, and at the same time provide continuously-shorter phase-matching wavelengths for dispersive-wave emission, thereby pushing the short-wavelength edge of the SC spectrum into the deep ultraviolet spectral region. While the PCF splicing technique ensures the compactness of this SC set-up, the generated SC spectrum, spanning ∼350 nm to ∼2000 nm with a flat spectral profile, may be applied in fluorescence microscopy and biochemical imaging.
{"title":"Ultraviolet-Enhanced Flat Supercontinuum Light Generated in Cascaded Photonic Crystal Fiber","authors":"Han Dong;Zhiyuan Huang;Xiaotao Yang;Zhuozhao Luo;Yu Zheng;Ruochen Yin;Wenbin He;Meng Pang;Xin Jiang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3488039","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that by using a cascaded configuration of five solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) samples with progressively decreasing core diameters, ultraviolet light with wavelengths as short as ∼300 nm can be generated in a supercontinuum (SC) set-up. With a nanosecond laser as the pump light, the modulation instability effect leads to the generation of multiple optical solitons in the first PCF sample which has a close-to-zero dispersion value at the pump wavelength (∼1064 nm). The following PCF samples with decreasing core diameters enhance the waveguide nonlinearity, and at the same time provide continuously-shorter phase-matching wavelengths for dispersive-wave emission, thereby pushing the short-wavelength edge of the SC spectrum into the deep ultraviolet spectral region. While the PCF splicing technique ensures the compactness of this SC set-up, the generated SC spectrum, spanning ∼350 nm to ∼2000 nm with a flat spectral profile, may be applied in fluorescence microscopy and biochemical imaging.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487973
Ge Meng;Nannan Luan;Hao He;Fan Lei;Jianfei Liu
In this paper, an intra-cavity SPR sensor based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed to achieve higher sensitivity for detecting analyte refractive indices. A liquid-core fiber-based SPR sensor is first designed to match the operating wavelength of 1530 nm in the fiber laser intra-cavity, and then placed into the cavity of the EDF laser to constitute the all-fiber intra-cavity SPR sensor. We theoretical investigate the influence of pump power, cavity loss and EDF length on the sensitivity of the proposed intra-cavity SPR sensor. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the intra-cavity SPR sensor can reach 1.051 × 10 9 RIU −1 (refractive index unit), which is enhanced 4 × 10 6 times compared with the sensitivity of 253 RIU −1 obtained by the SPR sensor without fiber laser cavity. In addition, the sensitivity of the proposed intra-cavity SPR sensor can be flexibly tuned by changing pump power, cavity loss or EDF length. This work demonstrates that as an alternative approach, the combination of the fiber laser intra-cavity spectroscopy and the fiber-based SPR sensor can achieve a remarkable enhancement in sensitivity.
{"title":"Investigation of Intra-Cavity SPR Sensor Based on Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser","authors":"Ge Meng;Nannan Luan;Hao He;Fan Lei;Jianfei Liu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487973","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an intra-cavity SPR sensor based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed to achieve higher sensitivity for detecting analyte refractive indices. A liquid-core fiber-based SPR sensor is first designed to match the operating wavelength of 1530 nm in the fiber laser intra-cavity, and then placed into the cavity of the EDF laser to constitute the all-fiber intra-cavity SPR sensor. We theoretical investigate the influence of pump power, cavity loss and EDF length on the sensitivity of the proposed intra-cavity SPR sensor. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the intra-cavity SPR sensor can reach 1.051 × 10\u0000<sup>9</sup>\u0000 RIU\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000 (refractive index unit), which is enhanced 4 × 10\u0000<sup>6</sup>\u0000 times compared with the sensitivity of 253 RIU\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000 obtained by the SPR sensor without fiber laser cavity. In addition, the sensitivity of the proposed intra-cavity SPR sensor can be flexibly tuned by changing pump power, cavity loss or EDF length. This work demonstrates that as an alternative approach, the combination of the fiber laser intra-cavity spectroscopy and the fiber-based SPR sensor can achieve a remarkable enhancement in sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487302
Simon Michael Laube;Christoph Gasser;Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein;Horst Zimmermann
This paper presents a highly-sensitive monolithic optoelectronic receiver in $mathbf{180, {nm}}$ CMOS. An integrating front-end with noise matching via an negative Miller capacitance is proposed, to reduce the power penalty imposed by large PIN photodiodes (PDs). Three new multi-dot PIN PDs are integrated with the front-end. At a wavelength of $mathbf{642, {nm}}$ and reverse bias of $mathbf {8},mathbf {V}$ , their responsivity (capacitance) is $mathbf {0.38, {A/W}}$ ( $mathbf{29, {fF}}$ ), $mathbf {0.36, {A/W}}$ ( $mathbf{33, {fF}}$ ), and $mathbf {0.43, {A/W}}$ ( $mathbf{123, {fF}}$ ), respectively. Compared to our previous integrating PIN receivers, the light-sensitive area is up to 30 times larger. At a supply voltage of $mathbf {1.8, {V}}$ , wavelength of $mathbf{642, {nm}}$ , bit rate of $mathbf {20, {Mbit/s}}$ , and reference ${mathbf{BER}=2cdot 10^{-3}}$ , the prototype receiver achieves a sensitivity of $mathbf {-55.4, {dBm}}$ for the first PD, $mathbf {-56.5, {dBm}}$ for the second PD, and $mathbf {-53.4, {dBm}}$ for the third PD. The best sensitivity equals a distance of only $mathbf {21.2, {dB}}$ to the quantum limit.
{"title":"Highly-Sensitive Integrating Optical Receiver With Large PIN Photodiode","authors":"Simon Michael Laube;Christoph Gasser;Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein;Horst Zimmermann","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3487302","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a highly-sensitive monolithic optoelectronic receiver in \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{180, {nm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 CMOS. An integrating front-end with noise matching via an negative Miller capacitance is proposed, to reduce the power penalty imposed by large PIN photodiodes (PDs). Three new multi-dot PIN PDs are integrated with the front-end. At a wavelength of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{642, {nm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and reverse bias of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {8},mathbf {V}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, their responsivity (capacitance) is \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {0.38, {A/W}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{29, {fF}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {0.36, {A/W}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{33, {fF}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {0.43, {A/W}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{123, {fF}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), respectively. Compared to our previous integrating PIN receivers, the light-sensitive area is up to 30 times larger. At a supply voltage of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {1.8, {V}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, wavelength of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf{642, {nm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, bit rate of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {20, {Mbit/s}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and reference \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${mathbf{BER}=2cdot 10^{-3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, the prototype receiver achieves a sensitivity of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {-55.4, {dBm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the first PD, \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {-56.5, {dBm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the second PD, and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {-53.4, {dBm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the third PD. The best sensitivity equals a distance of only \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {21.2, {dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to the quantum limit.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10737098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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