In this paper, we present our process design kits (PDKs) component performances for different wavelengths in the visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) range on Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute's (SITRI's) 200 mm silicon nitride (SiN) photonics platform. SiN waveguide platform has emerged as a promising technology due to its low optical loss, relatively high refractive index, and transparency across the VIS-NIR spectrum. The industrialization of SiN platforms requires matured PDKs. On SITRI's 200 mm SiN photonics platform, we developed PDKs using both Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) processes, with SiN layers of 180 nm and 150 nm thicknesses, respectively. The fabricated waveguides exhibit low propagation loss, ranging from 2.5 dB/cm to 0.34 dB/cm from 532 nm to 860 nm. Additionally, we present a low bending loss which is less than 0.06 dB/90° with a radius of 100 μm. Furthermore, the loss of the linear grating coupler (LGC) is less than 2.6 dB at 785 nm. We have also achieved low-loss splitters, including 1 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler, and directional coupler (DC), with a minimum excess loss of 0.03 dB. Additionally, micro ring resonator with high quality (Q) factors of 146,000 has been demonstrated. Our work on developing these PDKs will open new opportunities for researchers and developers to design and fabricate advanced photonic devices on the SiN platform in SITRI's 200 mm fabrication line.
{"title":"Visible to Near-Infrared Light Integrated Photonic Components on PECVD and LPCVD SiN Platform","authors":"Sen Yang;Zuoqin Ding;Xiao Li;Xiao Luo;Shuhua Zhai;Xiujun Zheng;Bo Wang;He Li;Zhuo Deng;Qianshi Wang;Sarp Kerman;Chang Chen","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3467310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3467310","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present our process design kits (PDKs) component performances for different wavelengths in the visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) range on Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute's (SITRI's) 200 mm silicon nitride (SiN) photonics platform. SiN waveguide platform has emerged as a promising technology due to its low optical loss, relatively high refractive index, and transparency across the VIS-NIR spectrum. The industrialization of SiN platforms requires matured PDKs. On SITRI's 200 mm SiN photonics platform, we developed PDKs using both Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) processes, with SiN layers of 180 nm and 150 nm thicknesses, respectively. The fabricated waveguides exhibit low propagation loss, ranging from 2.5 dB/cm to 0.34 dB/cm from 532 nm to 860 nm. Additionally, we present a low bending loss which is less than 0.06 dB/90° with a radius of 100 μm. Furthermore, the loss of the linear grating coupler (LGC) is less than 2.6 dB at 785 nm. We have also achieved low-loss splitters, including 1 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler, and directional coupler (DC), with a minimum excess loss of 0.03 dB. Additionally, micro ring resonator with high quality (Q) factors of 146,000 has been demonstrated. Our work on developing these PDKs will open new opportunities for researchers and developers to design and fabricate advanced photonic devices on the SiN platform in SITRI's 200 mm fabrication line.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10691934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional iterative phase retrieval suffers from an inherent phase ambiguity due to limited measurement intensity. Multimodal amplitude modulation introduces physical constraints to tackle the underdetermination challenge. However, the time overhead caused by mask switching slows down the imaging speed. To increase imaging speed, we report an accelerated coded phase retrieval method by optimizing modulation masks. Compared to existing methods that require at least four patterns as inputs, the proposed method requires only three mask modulations to robustly reconstruct complex objects. The transparent pixels of the two masks partially overlap, constituting a strong constraint on the objective function. An additional random mask increases the difference between diffraction intensity patterns and ensures that the algorithm converges. The proposed method of efficient modulation using pure amplitude elements may open the door to short-wavelength high-speed complex amplitude imaging. Numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments have verified the feasibility of this method.
{"title":"Efficient Phase Retrieval via Improved Binary Amplitude Modulation Masks","authors":"Chao Yang;Cheng Xu;Hui Pang;Jun Lan;Lixin Zhao;Song Hu;Wei Yan;Xianchang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3466565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3466565","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional iterative phase retrieval suffers from an inherent phase ambiguity due to limited measurement intensity. Multimodal amplitude modulation introduces physical constraints to tackle the underdetermination challenge. However, the time overhead caused by mask switching slows down the imaging speed. To increase imaging speed, we report an accelerated coded phase retrieval method by optimizing modulation masks. Compared to existing methods that require at least four patterns as inputs, the proposed method requires only three mask modulations to robustly reconstruct complex objects. The transparent pixels of the two masks partially overlap, constituting a strong constraint on the objective function. An additional random mask increases the difference between diffraction intensity patterns and ensures that the algorithm converges. The proposed method of efficient modulation using pure amplitude elements may open the door to short-wavelength high-speed complex amplitude imaging. Numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments have verified the feasibility of this method.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10689307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3461803
Ryo Igarashi;Shin Kaneko;Yasutaka Kimura;Takuya Kanai;Jun-ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida
Research on the all-photonics metro/access network is active as the next generation communication system. It aims to provide high-throughput, low-latency, low-power-consumption connections via end-to-end optical paths that directly link users without o/e/o conversion. One issue with realizing this network is how to implement the remote-control channel cost-effectively. In this work, we propose a cost-effective control signal transmission system based on auxiliary management and control channel (AMCC) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. 25-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) 40 km transmission confirms the feasibility of the proposed system. The experiment comprehensively examines the influence that upstream/downstream control signals and main signals on different paths have on each other's receiver sensitivity. With the appropriate parameters, the penalty on the main signal's receiver sensitivity due to upstream/downstream control signals can be reduced to just 0.5 dB. The proposed method can realize cost-effective control channels in the all-photonics metro/access network with minimal sensitivity degradation.
{"title":"Scalability Study of All-Photonics Metro/ Access Network With Simultaneous Reception of Wavelength-Multiplexed Control and Main Signals","authors":"Ryo Igarashi;Shin Kaneko;Yasutaka Kimura;Takuya Kanai;Jun-ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3461803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3461803","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the all-photonics metro/access network is active as the next generation communication system. It aims to provide high-throughput, low-latency, low-power-consumption connections via end-to-end optical paths that directly link users without o/e/o conversion. One issue with realizing this network is how to implement the remote-control channel cost-effectively. In this work, we propose a cost-effective control signal transmission system based on auxiliary management and control channel (AMCC) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. 25-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) 40 km transmission confirms the feasibility of the proposed system. The experiment comprehensively examines the influence that upstream/downstream control signals and main signals on different paths have on each other's receiver sensitivity. With the appropriate parameters, the penalty on the main signal's receiver sensitivity due to upstream/downstream control signals can be reduced to just 0.5 dB. The proposed method can realize cost-effective control channels in the all-photonics metro/access network with minimal sensitivity degradation.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10684505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463751
Niall Simpson;Martin Lee;Alan J. Kemp
We report a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser with an output power of 1.03 W, achieved with two low-cost single-emitter diode pumps, both of blue wavelength (448 and 468 nm). Using a novel strategy of combining blue-wavelength pumping with a long, low-doping Ti:sapphire crystal, we maximise the available pump power while minimising deleterious effects associated with blue pump wavelengths, demonstrating Watt-level output powers.
我们报告了一种输出功率为 1.03 W 的连续波 Ti:sapphire 激光器，该激光器采用了两个低成本的单发射极二极管泵浦，波长均为蓝色（448 nm 和 468 nm）。我们采用新颖的策略，将蓝色波长泵浦与低掺杂长钛蓝宝石晶体相结合，最大限度地提高了可用泵浦功率，同时将与蓝色泵浦波长相关的有害效应降至最低，实现了瓦级输出功率。
{"title":"A Low-Cost Approach to Diode-Pumped Ti:Sapphire Lasers With Watt-Level Output","authors":"Niall Simpson;Martin Lee;Alan J. Kemp","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463751","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463751","url":null,"abstract":"We report a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser with an output power of 1.03 W, achieved with two low-cost single-emitter diode pumps, both of blue wavelength (448 and 468 nm). Using a novel strategy of combining blue-wavelength pumping with a long, low-doping Ti:sapphire crystal, we maximise the available pump power while minimising deleterious effects associated with blue pump wavelengths, demonstrating Watt-level output powers.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10684145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463008
Neha Ahlawat;Awanish Pandey;Saurabh Mani Tripathi
We propose and theoretically analyze a novel sensor based on plasmonic mode interference in a one-dimensional degenerate n-doped silicon core waveguide. The waveguide supports both, the symmetric- as well as anti-symmetric surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), with a large propagation constant difference between them, drastically miniaturizing the probe size to $sim$ 100 $mu$ m. Our study reveals that the symmetric plasmonic mode has significant field localization in the sensing region as compared to the anti-symmetric plasmonic mode which has a large field localization in the substrate region. This makes the symmetric SPP considerably more suitable for bio/chemical sensing applications. The core mode projection technique with an optimized transverse offset between the lead-in waveguide and plasmonic waveguide has been used to couple appreciable power into the two SPP modes enhancing the extinction ratio of the transmission spectra. The estimated sensitivity of the sensor is $sim$ 3400 nm/RIU over biologically relevant refractive indices. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of plasmonic mode interference in designing highly sensitive bio/chemical sensors with miniaturized probe length through careful design considerations. We also discuss the effect of temperature cross-sensitivity on the performance of the sensor and have presented a sensitivity matrix-based approach for the simultaneous detection of two perturbations using a single sensor probe. We have shown that using this sensitivity-matrix approach, the error associated with the estimated variations in the perturbations is of the order of 10 $^{-4}$ to 10 $^{-3}$ , making it a powerful tool to estimate simultaneously varying perturbation parameters by tracking multiple resonances.
{"title":"Plasmonic Mode Interference Effect Based Sensors","authors":"Neha Ahlawat;Awanish Pandey;Saurabh Mani Tripathi","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463008","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3463008","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and theoretically analyze a novel sensor based on plasmonic mode interference in a one-dimensional degenerate n-doped silicon core waveguide. The waveguide supports both, the symmetric- as well as anti-symmetric surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), with a large propagation constant difference between them, drastically miniaturizing the probe size to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000100 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m. Our study reveals that the symmetric plasmonic mode has significant field localization in the sensing region as compared to the anti-symmetric plasmonic mode which has a large field localization in the substrate region. This makes the symmetric SPP considerably more suitable for bio/chemical sensing applications. The core mode projection technique with an optimized transverse offset between the lead-in waveguide and plasmonic waveguide has been used to couple appreciable power into the two SPP modes enhancing the extinction ratio of the transmission spectra. The estimated sensitivity of the sensor is \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 3400 nm/RIU over biologically relevant refractive indices. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of plasmonic mode interference in designing highly sensitive bio/chemical sensors with miniaturized probe length through careful design considerations. We also discuss the effect of temperature cross-sensitivity on the performance of the sensor and have presented a sensitivity matrix-based approach for the simultaneous detection of two perturbations using a single sensor probe. We have shown that using this sensitivity-matrix approach, the error associated with the estimated variations in the perturbations is of the order of 10\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to 10\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, making it a powerful tool to estimate simultaneously varying perturbation parameters by tracking multiple resonances.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10682598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462994
Zhenghao Li;Yahui Zhang;Yan He
Pointing accuracy, as one of the important indexes to measure the performance of optical tele-scope products, is directly related to the observation quality and efficiency of the telescope, but affected by a variety of complex factors, the timeliness problem of pointing correction affects the smooth progress of the work. In this study, this paper focuses on the error modelling of optical telescope pointing system under limited observation conditions. In this paper, we first explore the changing law of each parameter and the unknown system error. On this basis, assuming that the system is in a stable state, a digital twin modelling model applied to the pointing system of an electro-optical telescope is proposed, which significantly improves the accuracy of the local pointing error correction by means of a limited observing condition: one newly captured star, and simulates and evaluates the feasibility of the twin model by using the experimental data from the external field, which provides the conditions for the evaluation of the maintenance status of the equipment.
{"title":"A Digital Twin Model for Optical Telescope Pointing Systems","authors":"Zhenghao Li;Yahui Zhang;Yan He","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462994","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462994","url":null,"abstract":"Pointing accuracy, as one of the important indexes to measure the performance of optical tele-scope products, is directly related to the observation quality and efficiency of the telescope, but affected by a variety of complex factors, the timeliness problem of pointing correction affects the smooth progress of the work. In this study, this paper focuses on the error modelling of optical telescope pointing system under limited observation conditions. In this paper, we first explore the changing law of each parameter and the unknown system error. On this basis, assuming that the system is in a stable state, a digital twin modelling model applied to the pointing system of an electro-optical telescope is proposed, which significantly improves the accuracy of the local pointing error correction by means of a limited observing condition: one newly captured star, and simulates and evaluates the feasibility of the twin model by using the experimental data from the external field, which provides the conditions for the evaluation of the maintenance status of the equipment.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10683960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462438
Shiva Kumar;Mahmoud M. T. Maghrabi;Mohamed H. Bakr;Toshihiko Hirooka;Masataka Nakazawa
Reservoir computing (RC) is a bio-inspired framework suited for temporal data processing. Here we propose an all optical coherent RC for the equalization of the impairments of fiber optic (FO) system based on coherent detection. We compare the performances of the RC systems based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and highly nonlinear waveguide (HNLW). For a dispersion managed long haul FO system in which the nonlinear penalty is dominant, we find that the SESAM outperforms the HNLW due to its larger nonlinear memory. In contrast, for the equalization of dispersive impairments in a short haul FO system such as data center networks, we find that the HNLW has a much superior performance due to its larger linear memory.
{"title":"Coherent all Optical Reservoir Computing for Equalization of Impairments in Coherent Fiber Optic Communication Systems","authors":"Shiva Kumar;Mahmoud M. T. Maghrabi;Mohamed H. Bakr;Toshihiko Hirooka;Masataka Nakazawa","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462438","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462438","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir computing (RC) is a bio-inspired framework suited for temporal data processing. Here we propose an all optical coherent RC for the equalization of the impairments of fiber optic (FO) system based on coherent detection. We compare the performances of the RC systems based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and highly nonlinear waveguide (HNLW). For a dispersion managed long haul FO system in which the nonlinear penalty is dominant, we find that the SESAM outperforms the HNLW due to its larger nonlinear memory. In contrast, for the equalization of dispersive impairments in a short haul FO system such as data center networks, we find that the HNLW has a much superior performance due to its larger linear memory.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10681593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462889
Qirui Zhang;Isaac Zachmann;Lianhua Ji;Chongchang Mao
This project aims to develop novel frame buffer pixel circuit-based silicon backplanes using 180 nm process technology for polarization-independent liquid crystal on silicon (PI-LCOS) phase modulators. Three unique pixel circuits, which exclusively utilize NMOS transistors, have been designed to minimize pixel size and improve production yield. Additionally, the "Voltage Booster” (VBOOST) technique extends the dynamic voltage range, crucial for stable phase modulation and high grayscale. Efforts are also underway to enhance stability against voltage fluctuation by incorporating the auxiliary capacitor or refined active-driving pixel-electrode stage. The prototype silicon backplane features a 64 × 64-pixel matrix with column and row decoders for individual pixel addressing, facilitating optical testing. By employing a two-stage analog dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the pixel circuit supports sequential data loading row by row throughout the array while simultaneously displaying previously loaded frame data. This ‘frame-at-a-time’ data refresh capability is vital for displaying images with full contrast, which is particularly advantageous for holographic and color sequential display applications. Simulation and experimental assessments on the silicon backplane chips demonstrate that these pixel circuits can support a high-resolution LCOS device with approximately 4.15 um x 4.15 um pixel pitch in the 180 nm process technology, a high voltage holding ratio exceeding 94%, and substantial grayscale modulation depth.
{"title":"Novel Frame Buffer Pixel Circuits and Silicon Backplane Development for Polarization-Independent LCOS","authors":"Qirui Zhang;Isaac Zachmann;Lianhua Ji;Chongchang Mao","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462889","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3462889","url":null,"abstract":"This project aims to develop novel frame buffer pixel circuit-based silicon backplanes using 180 nm process technology for polarization-independent liquid crystal on silicon (PI-LCOS) phase modulators. Three unique pixel circuits, which exclusively utilize NMOS transistors, have been designed to minimize pixel size and improve production yield. Additionally, the \"Voltage Booster” (VBOOST) technique extends the dynamic voltage range, crucial for stable phase modulation and high grayscale. Efforts are also underway to enhance stability against voltage fluctuation by incorporating the auxiliary capacitor or refined active-driving pixel-electrode stage. The prototype silicon backplane features a 64 × 64-pixel matrix with column and row decoders for individual pixel addressing, facilitating optical testing. By employing a two-stage analog dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the pixel circuit supports sequential data loading row by row throughout the array while simultaneously displaying previously loaded frame data. This ‘frame-at-a-time’ data refresh capability is vital for displaying images with full contrast, which is particularly advantageous for holographic and color sequential display applications. Simulation and experimental assessments on the silicon backplane chips demonstrate that these pixel circuits can support a high-resolution LCOS device with approximately 4.15 um x 4.15 um pixel pitch in the 180 nm process technology, a high voltage holding ratio exceeding 94%, and substantial grayscale modulation depth.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10682515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3460977
Mohamed I. Hosni;Younus Mandalawi;Janosch Meier;Ahmed H. Elghandour;Linjie Zhou;Thomas Schneider
We present a compact, agnostic transmitter capable of simultaneously transmitting all types of signals (analog and digital with different modulation formats) with a single-ring modulator with a radius of 10 micrometers and a bandwidth of around 18 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time, experimental results for transmitting three different Nyquist BPSK signals with an aggregated baud rate of 24 GBd in such a compact device. Additionally, we show the simultaneous transmission of a 3 GHz analog signal together with normal and Nyquist-shaped 4 GHz BPSK signals. All results were achieved without any power-consuming pre- or postprocessing to adapt the signals to the transfer function of the modulators. The simultaneous transmission of analog and digital signals in a device with a small footprint and low power consumption may be especially advantageous for future access networks.
{"title":"Compact, Energy Efficient Simultaneous Transmission of Analog and Different Digital Signals With a Single Ring Modulator","authors":"Mohamed I. Hosni;Younus Mandalawi;Janosch Meier;Ahmed H. Elghandour;Linjie Zhou;Thomas Schneider","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3460977","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3460977","url":null,"abstract":"We present a compact, agnostic transmitter capable of simultaneously transmitting all types of signals (analog and digital with different modulation formats) with a single-ring modulator with a radius of 10 micrometers and a bandwidth of around 18 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time, experimental results for transmitting three different Nyquist BPSK signals with an aggregated baud rate of 24 GBd in such a compact device. Additionally, we show the simultaneous transmission of a 3 GHz analog signal together with normal and Nyquist-shaped 4 GHz BPSK signals. All results were achieved without any power-consuming pre- or postprocessing to adapt the signals to the transfer function of the modulators. The simultaneous transmission of analog and digital signals in a device with a small footprint and low power consumption may be especially advantageous for future access networks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10680340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a novel design of the illumination optical system for a laser target simulator is investigated to determine the optimal relationship between the uniformity of the illumination system and the energy utilization in a laser target simulator. First, the optimal size of the fly-eye lens unit is calculated from the parameters of the DMD to improve the energy utilization of the system; second, the optimal parameters of the TIR prism group are calculated based on the size of the illuminating beam and the optimal deflection angle of the TIR prism group is analyzed, which results in the compact overall structure of the system and improves the uniformity under the premise of ensuring that there is not much change in the energy utilization; and finally, the optimal design of the illumination optics system for laser target simulators is investigated based on the Finally, based on the Scheimpflug principle, the uniformity of the illumination system is further improved by solving the deformation of the image plane caused by the insertion of the TIR prism group. The results show that the simulation results of the system's uniformity reach 96.93%, the simulation results of the energy utilization are 60.05%, and the structure is compact, and the system designed by this method can provide a good design solution to obtain high energy utilization and uniformity.
本文研究了激光目标模拟器照明光学系统的新型设计，以确定照明系统的均匀性与激光目标模拟器能量利用率之间的最佳关系。首先，根据 DMD 的参数计算出飞眼透镜单元的最佳尺寸，以提高系统的能量利用率；其次，根据照明光束的大小计算出 TIR 棱镜组的最佳参数，并分析出 TIR 棱镜组的最佳偏转角度，从而使系统整体结构紧凑，在保证能量利用率变化不大的前提下提高了均匀性；最后，根据 Scheimpflug 原理，通过解决插入 TIR 棱镜组引起的像面变形问题，进一步提高了照明系统的均匀性。结果表明，系统均匀度的仿真结果达到了 96.93%，能量利用率的仿真结果为 60.05%，而且结构紧凑，用这种方法设计的系统可以为获得高能量利用率和均匀度提供良好的设计方案。
{"title":"Design Method for Laser Target Simulator Illumination System With High Energy Utilization and High Uniformity","authors":"Huibo Shao;Lingyun Wang;Haocong Zhang;Guangxi Li;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3459482","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3459482","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel design of the illumination optical system for a laser target simulator is investigated to determine the optimal relationship between the uniformity of the illumination system and the energy utilization in a laser target simulator. First, the optimal size of the fly-eye lens unit is calculated from the parameters of the DMD to improve the energy utilization of the system; second, the optimal parameters of the TIR prism group are calculated based on the size of the illuminating beam and the optimal deflection angle of the TIR prism group is analyzed, which results in the compact overall structure of the system and improves the uniformity under the premise of ensuring that there is not much change in the energy utilization; and finally, the optimal design of the illumination optics system for laser target simulators is investigated based on the Finally, based on the Scheimpflug principle, the uniformity of the illumination system is further improved by solving the deformation of the image plane caused by the insertion of the TIR prism group. The results show that the simulation results of the system's uniformity reach 96.93%, the simulation results of the energy utilization are 60.05%, and the structure is compact, and the system designed by this method can provide a good design solution to obtain high energy utilization and uniformity.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10679047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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