SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a host-immune response via cytokine release that, when excessive, leads to severe inflammation and life-threatening complications. To reduce the risks associated with cytokine storms, alternative approaches are needed. Traditional Thai herbal extracts are recognized for their potential as safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents against various diseases. Hence, this study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts from Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, and Andrographis paniculata in reducing inflammation in the A549 alveolar basal epithelial cell lines. We conducted a comparative analysis of the anti-inflammation efficacy of four extracts in reducing the COX-2 upregulation induced by TNF-α stimulation in A549 cells. Among them, T. bellirica exhibited the highest effectiveness in reducing COX-2 levels to 0.38-fold. Furthermore, we validated the anti-inflammation properties of T. bellirica in diminishing inflammation-induced SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Lentivirus transduction expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including TNF-α, IL-8, CXCL-10, and COX-2. Interestingly, treatment with sublethal doses of T. bellirica (30 and 60 μg/mL) led to a significant reduction in COX-2 expression by 30% and 70%, TNF-α by 46% and 75%, IL-8 by 39% and 48%, and CXCL-10 by 46% and 80%, respectively. These findings confirm the potent anti-inflammatory effects of T. bellirica, highlighting its potential as a novel treatment for alleviating the severity of cytokine storms in SARS-CoV-2 and related diseases.
{"title":"Terminalia bellirica Extract Suppresses SARS-Cov-2 Nucleocapsid-Induced Inflammation in A549 Cells","authors":"Peeranut Winidmanokul, Suthida Panwong, A. Panya","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a host-immune response via cytokine release that, when excessive, leads to severe inflammation and life-threatening complications. To reduce the risks associated with cytokine storms, alternative approaches are needed. Traditional Thai herbal extracts are recognized for their potential as safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents against various diseases. Hence, this study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts from Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, and Andrographis paniculata in reducing inflammation in the A549 alveolar basal epithelial cell lines. We conducted a comparative analysis of the anti-inflammation efficacy of four extracts in reducing the COX-2 upregulation induced by TNF-α stimulation in A549 cells. Among them, T. bellirica exhibited the highest effectiveness in reducing COX-2 levels to 0.38-fold. Furthermore, we validated the anti-inflammation properties of T. bellirica in diminishing inflammation-induced SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Lentivirus transduction expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including TNF-α, IL-8, CXCL-10, and COX-2. Interestingly, treatment with sublethal doses of T. bellirica (30 and 60 μg/mL) led to a significant reduction in COX-2 expression by 30% and 70%, TNF-α by 46% and 75%, IL-8 by 39% and 48%, and CXCL-10 by 46% and 80%, respectively. These findings confirm the potent anti-inflammatory effects of T. bellirica, highlighting its potential as a novel treatment for alleviating the severity of cytokine storms in SARS-CoV-2 and related diseases.","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"107 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tonapha Pusadee, S. Jamjod, C. Prom-u-thai, Pennapa Jaksomsak, B. Rerkasem
Rice landraces or local varieties that have remained in cultivation on-farm are embedded within their agroecological and cultural environment. Rice landraces are genetically diverse, but with a variation that can be well structured, not random. This review examines the population structure and functional diversity revealed in the rice germplasm acquired from farmers in recent decades. Sizable areas of local varieties are found in parts of Asia with distinctive agroecological environment and cultural heritage. A tally of variety names provides a first approximation of diversity, a frequency distribution of the varieties describes a basic structure of diversity in an agroecosystem. Genetic variation is detectable by microsatellites analysis or expressed in specific functional traits, at various organizational levels of the population, even among those exhibiting uniform appearances. The population dynamics of genetically diverse landraces perpetuated by many farmers are shaped by variations in the bio-physical environment and management practices, but those relying on one or two farmers for their maintenance face a risk of extinction. Diversity in widely grown varieties may either be within the farmer’s seed cache, or among populations of the same variety maintained by different farmers. Local rice varieties or landraces continue to play a crucial role in rice farming, the economic value of some is enhanced by their unique grain quality features. Genetically diverse rice landraces that either contribute towards meeting the household’s rice requirement or those that have become commercially successful, also provide an important service in the in situ conservation of germplasm.
{"title":"Population Structure and Functional Diversity of Rice Landraces: A Review","authors":"Tonapha Pusadee, S. Jamjod, C. Prom-u-thai, Pennapa Jaksomsak, B. Rerkasem","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.027","url":null,"abstract":"Rice landraces or local varieties that have remained in cultivation on-farm are embedded within their agroecological and cultural environment. Rice landraces are genetically diverse, but with a variation that can be well structured, not random. This review examines the population structure and functional diversity revealed in the rice germplasm acquired from farmers in recent decades. Sizable areas of local varieties are found in parts of Asia with distinctive agroecological environment and cultural heritage. A tally of variety names provides a first approximation of diversity, a frequency distribution of the varieties describes a basic structure of diversity in an agroecosystem. Genetic variation is detectable by microsatellites analysis or expressed in specific functional traits, at various organizational levels of the population, even among those exhibiting uniform appearances. The population dynamics of genetically diverse landraces perpetuated by many farmers are shaped by variations in the bio-physical environment and management practices, but those relying on one or two farmers for their maintenance face a risk of extinction. Diversity in widely grown varieties may either be within the farmer’s seed cache, or among populations of the same variety maintained by different farmers. Local rice varieties or landraces continue to play a crucial role in rice farming, the economic value of some is enhanced by their unique grain quality features. Genetically diverse rice landraces that either contribute towards meeting the household’s rice requirement or those that have become commercially successful, also provide an important service in the in situ conservation of germplasm.","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Witsarut Upalananda, Aree Kanjanaprapas, U. Thongudomporn
This study aimed to determine the agreement of skeletal maturation (SM) assessed by hand-wrist radiographs and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assessed by lateral cephalometric radiographs. It also explored the feasibility of using CVM as an alternative to hand-wrist radiographs among Thai children and adolescents. The samples comprised 95 males and 67 females from Thailand, aged 7–17 years. A total of 162 hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs were included. Two experienced oral radiologists independently assessed SM (using Fishman’s method) and CVM (using Baccetti’s method); a third referee observer resolved any discrepancies. The correlation and agreement between the methods were evaluated. The results found a substantial agreement (weighted kappa = 0.594) between SM and CVM. The interobserver discrepancy in categorizing SM stages was mostly found at stage 5, while the most common discrepancy for CVM was at stage 6. A significant positive correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.677, P < 0.001) indicated a moderate to strong association between SM and CVM. The substantial agreement and moderate to strong correlation between CVM and SM highlighted the feasibility of using CVM to assess skeletal growth. However, to ensure reliability, it was necessary to precisely evaluate the appearance of the capping of the epiphyseal plate for SM and the distinction between a rectangular and square cervical spine shape at C3 and C4 for CVM differentiation. Keywords: Cervical spine, Hand, Radiographic evaluation, Orthodontics
本研究旨在确定通过手-腕部X光片评估的骨骼成熟度（SM）与通过头颅侧位X光片评估的颈椎成熟度（CVM）之间的一致性。研究还探讨了在泰国儿童和青少年中使用颈椎成熟度（CVM）替代手-腕部X光片的可行性。样本包括来自泰国的 95 名男性和 67 名女性，年龄在 7-17 岁之间。共纳入了 162 张手腕部 X 光片和头颅侧位 X 光片。两名经验丰富的口腔放射科医生分别独立评估了SM（使用 Fishman 方法）和CVM（使用 Baccetti 方法）；第三名裁判观察员负责解决任何差异。对两种方法之间的相关性和一致性进行了评估。结果发现，SM 和 CVM 的一致性很高（加权卡帕 = 0.594）。观察者之间在 SM 阶段分类上的差异主要出现在第 5 阶段，而 CVM 最常见的差异出现在第 6 阶段。SM和CVM之间存在明显的正相关（Spearman相关系数=0.677，P<0.001），表明两者之间存在中度到高度的关联。CVM与SM之间的高度一致和中强相关性突出表明了使用CVM评估骨骼生长的可行性。然而，为确保可靠性，有必要对 SM 的骺板覆盖外观进行精确评估，并对 C3 和 C4 的长方形和正方形颈椎形状进行区分，以便对 CVM 进行鉴别。关键词颈椎 手部 X 射线评估 正畸学
{"title":"Skeletal Growth Status Agreement in a Group of Thai Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis of Fishman's Skeletal Maturation and Baccetti's Cervical Vertebral Maturation Indices","authors":"Witsarut Upalananda, Aree Kanjanaprapas, U. Thongudomporn","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the agreement of skeletal maturation (SM) assessed by hand-wrist radiographs and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assessed by lateral cephalometric radiographs. It also explored the feasibility of using CVM as an alternative to hand-wrist radiographs among Thai children and adolescents. The samples comprised 95 males and 67 females from Thailand, aged 7–17 years. A total of 162 hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs were included. Two experienced oral radiologists independently assessed SM (using Fishman’s method) and CVM (using Baccetti’s method); a third referee observer resolved any discrepancies. The correlation and agreement between the methods were evaluated. The results found a substantial agreement (weighted kappa = 0.594) between SM and CVM. The interobserver discrepancy in categorizing SM stages was mostly found at stage 5, while the most common discrepancy for CVM was at stage 6. A significant positive correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.677, P < 0.001) indicated a moderate to strong association between SM and CVM. The substantial agreement and moderate to strong correlation between CVM and SM highlighted the feasibility of using CVM to assess skeletal growth. However, to ensure reliability, it was necessary to precisely evaluate the appearance of the capping of the epiphyseal plate for SM and the distinction between a rectangular and square cervical spine shape at C3 and C4 for CVM differentiation. Keywords: Cervical spine, Hand, Radiographic evaluation, Orthodontics","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parichart Sresatan, P. Dhamvithee, S. Nualkaekul, Chatrapa Hudthagosol, Promluck Sanporkha
This research aimed to optimize the ratio of low protein flour for baking gluten-free cookies. Rice flour (50-90%), corn starch (5-30%) and modified tapioca starch (5-20%) were studied using a mixture design. The physical properties and sensory evaluation by 50 consumers were investigated. The results showed that 3 factors significantly affected the textural and sensory properties of the gluten-free cookies (P ≤0.05). The regression and analysis results for textural and sensory properties also showed that increasing the rice flour content increased the hardness, and increasing the corn starch content affected the crispness and spread ratio of the gluten-free cookies. It can be concluded that the optimal ratio of gluten-free flour was 90% rice flour, 5% corn starch and 5% modified tapioca starch as a substitute for wheat flour in cookies when using physical quality as the criterion. Keywords: Rice flour, Corn starch, Modified tapioca starch, Gluten-free cookies
{"title":"Optimization of Rice Flour, Corn Starch and Modified Tapioca Starch to Produce Gluten Free Cookies","authors":"Parichart Sresatan, P. Dhamvithee, S. Nualkaekul, Chatrapa Hudthagosol, Promluck Sanporkha","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.024","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to optimize the ratio of low protein flour for baking gluten-free cookies. Rice flour (50-90%), corn starch (5-30%) and modified tapioca starch (5-20%) were studied using a mixture design. The physical properties and sensory evaluation by 50 consumers were investigated. The results showed that 3 factors significantly affected the textural and sensory properties of the gluten-free cookies (P ≤0.05). The regression and analysis results for textural and sensory properties also showed that increasing the rice flour content increased the hardness, and increasing the corn starch content affected the crispness and spread ratio of the gluten-free cookies. It can be concluded that the optimal ratio of gluten-free flour was 90% rice flour, 5% corn starch and 5% modified tapioca starch as a substitute for wheat flour in cookies when using physical quality as the criterion. Keywords: Rice flour, Corn starch, Modified tapioca starch, Gluten-free cookies","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"48 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche, Proteaceae Family) leaves and husks were the by-products from macadamia nut production which have few reports on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using these by-products in drug discovery by examining their phytochemicals contents, as well as their anti-colon cancer activities. Dry macadamia leaves and husks were extracted and fractionated to obtain the crude extracts (EtOH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water fractions. Colorimetric methods were used to determine the total amounts of phytochemicals. The anti-colon cancer activities of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that each gram of the samples contained total phenolics between 2.9-12.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid, total flavonoids 30.1-89.7 mg equivalent to rutin, and total triterpenoids 228.4-640.9 mg equivalent to ursolic acid. The DCM and EtOAc fractions of the husks exhibited the highest anti-colon cancer activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 39.1 ± 4.3 and 56.9 ± 15.0 µg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc and water fractions of the leaves had IC50 values of 130.9 ± 17.4 and 127.8 ± 7.9 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of other samples were greater than 200 µg/mL, while the IC50 of sorafenib, a positive control, was 5.95 ± 1.26 µg/mL. In conclusion, the leaves and husks of macadamia contained high amounts of several phytochemicals and exhibited anti-colon cancer activity against HCT116. These findings suggested that the extracts from these wastes may have potential in the discovery of anticancer agent research. Keywords: Macadamia integrifolia, Leaf, Husk, Colon cancer, Phytochemical
{"title":"Phytochemical Contents and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche Leaves and Husks Extracts","authors":"Piyarat Srisawang, Suphunwadee Sawong, Pennapha Suknoppakit, Thitima Sapapak, Adisa Jittrasirichok, Chayanee Saennaronk, Dumrongsak Pekthong, Supawadee Parhira","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"The macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche, Proteaceae Family) leaves and husks were the by-products from macadamia nut production which have few reports on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using these by-products in drug discovery by examining their phytochemicals contents, as well as their anti-colon cancer activities. Dry macadamia leaves and husks were extracted and fractionated to obtain the crude extracts (EtOH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water fractions. Colorimetric methods were used to determine the total amounts of phytochemicals. The anti-colon cancer activities of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that each gram of the samples contained total phenolics between 2.9-12.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid, total flavonoids 30.1-89.7 mg equivalent to rutin, and total triterpenoids 228.4-640.9 mg equivalent to ursolic acid. The DCM and EtOAc fractions of the husks exhibited the highest anti-colon cancer activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 39.1 ± 4.3 and 56.9 ± 15.0 µg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc and water fractions of the leaves had IC50 values of 130.9 ± 17.4 and 127.8 ± 7.9 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of other samples were greater than 200 µg/mL, while the IC50 of sorafenib, a positive control, was 5.95 ± 1.26 µg/mL. In conclusion, the leaves and husks of macadamia contained high amounts of several phytochemicals and exhibited anti-colon cancer activity against HCT116. These findings suggested that the extracts from these wastes may have potential in the discovery of anticancer agent research. Keywords: Macadamia integrifolia, Leaf, Husk, Colon cancer, Phytochemical","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong Anh Tran Thi, Thao Vy Tran Thi, Lan Pham Thi, Khanh Vinh Phan Thi
Moringa oleifera is commonly referred to as the “tree of life” due to its high nutrient content and valuable biological activities. Widely found in tropical zones, this plant is usually used in local cuisine, cosmetic products and nutraceuticals. In this paper, we explored the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf alcoholic extract as a bioactive ingredient in sunscreen. Characterizations of extract were firstly investigated, including total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity. Formulations of extract containing creams were then created in order to examine its ability to protect against UVB radiation in the presence of other ingredients. Various evaluations of cream were carried out, including stability testing, UV absorption capacity, in vitro SPF values and microbial testing. The results revealed that Moringa oleifera extract showed a promising active ingredient in sunscreen, with a moderate antioxidant activity. Cream containing 2% of extract incorporated with 2% of oxybenzone demonstrated good in vitro SPF values.
{"title":"Potential use of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves as an Active Ingredient in Sunscreen","authors":"Phuong Anh Tran Thi, Thao Vy Tran Thi, Lan Pham Thi, Khanh Vinh Phan Thi","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is commonly referred to as the “tree of life” due to its high nutrient content and valuable biological activities. Widely found in tropical zones, this plant is usually used in local cuisine, cosmetic products and nutraceuticals. In this paper, we explored the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf alcoholic extract as a bioactive ingredient in sunscreen. Characterizations of extract were firstly investigated, including total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity. Formulations of extract containing creams were then created in order to examine its ability to protect against UVB radiation in the presence of other ingredients. Various evaluations of cream were carried out, including stability testing, UV absorption capacity, in vitro SPF values and microbial testing. The results revealed that Moringa oleifera extract showed a promising active ingredient in sunscreen, with a moderate antioxidant activity. Cream containing 2% of extract incorporated with 2% of oxybenzone demonstrated good in vitro SPF values.","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"13 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong Anh Tran Thi, Thao Vy Tran Thi, Lan Pham Thi, Khanh Vinh Phan Thi
Moringa oleifera is commonly referred to as the “tree of life” due to its high nutrient content and valuable biological activities. Widely found in tropical zones, this plant is usually used in local cuisine, cosmetic products and nutraceuticals. In this paper, we explored the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf alcoholic extract as a bioactive ingredient in sunscreen. Characterizations of extract were firstly investigated, including total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity. Formulations of extract containing creams were then created in order to examine its ability to protect against UVB radiation in the presence of other ingredients. Various evaluations of cream were carried out, including stability testing, UV absorption capacity, in vitro SPF values and microbial testing. The results revealed that Moringa oleifera extract showed a promising active ingredient in sunscreen, with a moderate antioxidant activity. Cream containing 2% of extract incorporated with 2% of oxybenzone demonstrated good in vitro SPF values.
{"title":"Potential use of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves as an Active Ingredient in Sunscreen","authors":"Phuong Anh Tran Thi, Thao Vy Tran Thi, Lan Pham Thi, Khanh Vinh Phan Thi","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is commonly referred to as the “tree of life” due to its high nutrient content and valuable biological activities. Widely found in tropical zones, this plant is usually used in local cuisine, cosmetic products and nutraceuticals. In this paper, we explored the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf alcoholic extract as a bioactive ingredient in sunscreen. Characterizations of extract were firstly investigated, including total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity. Formulations of extract containing creams were then created in order to examine its ability to protect against UVB radiation in the presence of other ingredients. Various evaluations of cream were carried out, including stability testing, UV absorption capacity, in vitro SPF values and microbial testing. The results revealed that Moringa oleifera extract showed a promising active ingredient in sunscreen, with a moderate antioxidant activity. Cream containing 2% of extract incorporated with 2% of oxybenzone demonstrated good in vitro SPF values.","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche, Proteaceae Family) leaves and husks were the by-products from macadamia nut production which have few reports on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using these by-products in drug discovery by examining their phytochemicals contents, as well as their anti-colon cancer activities. Dry macadamia leaves and husks were extracted and fractionated to obtain the crude extracts (EtOH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water fractions. Colorimetric methods were used to determine the total amounts of phytochemicals. The anti-colon cancer activities of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that each gram of the samples contained total phenolics between 2.9-12.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid, total flavonoids 30.1-89.7 mg equivalent to rutin, and total triterpenoids 228.4-640.9 mg equivalent to ursolic acid. The DCM and EtOAc fractions of the husks exhibited the highest anti-colon cancer activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 39.1 ± 4.3 and 56.9 ± 15.0 µg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc and water fractions of the leaves had IC50 values of 130.9 ± 17.4 and 127.8 ± 7.9 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of other samples were greater than 200 µg/mL, while the IC50 of sorafenib, a positive control, was 5.95 ± 1.26 µg/mL. In conclusion, the leaves and husks of macadamia contained high amounts of several phytochemicals and exhibited anti-colon cancer activity against HCT116. These findings suggested that the extracts from these wastes may have potential in the discovery of anticancer agent research. Keywords: Macadamia integrifolia, Leaf, Husk, Colon cancer, Phytochemical
{"title":"Phytochemical Contents and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche Leaves and Husks Extracts","authors":"Piyarat Srisawang, Suphunwadee Sawong, Pennapha Suknoppakit, Thitima Sapapak, Adisa Jittrasirichok, Chayanee Saennaronk, Dumrongsak Pekthong, Supawadee Parhira","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"The macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche, Proteaceae Family) leaves and husks were the by-products from macadamia nut production which have few reports on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using these by-products in drug discovery by examining their phytochemicals contents, as well as their anti-colon cancer activities. Dry macadamia leaves and husks were extracted and fractionated to obtain the crude extracts (EtOH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water fractions. Colorimetric methods were used to determine the total amounts of phytochemicals. The anti-colon cancer activities of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that each gram of the samples contained total phenolics between 2.9-12.9 mg equivalent to gallic acid, total flavonoids 30.1-89.7 mg equivalent to rutin, and total triterpenoids 228.4-640.9 mg equivalent to ursolic acid. The DCM and EtOAc fractions of the husks exhibited the highest anti-colon cancer activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 39.1 ± 4.3 and 56.9 ± 15.0 µg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc and water fractions of the leaves had IC50 values of 130.9 ± 17.4 and 127.8 ± 7.9 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of other samples were greater than 200 µg/mL, while the IC50 of sorafenib, a positive control, was 5.95 ± 1.26 µg/mL. In conclusion, the leaves and husks of macadamia contained high amounts of several phytochemicals and exhibited anti-colon cancer activity against HCT116. These findings suggested that the extracts from these wastes may have potential in the discovery of anticancer agent research. Keywords: Macadamia integrifolia, Leaf, Husk, Colon cancer, Phytochemical","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phattharawadee Jaikham, P. Leelapornpisid, Worrapan Poomanee
This research aimed to develop and optimize transethosomes loaded with Bouea macrophylla Griffith seed kernel extract (B-SE). Firstly, extraction procedures using solvent fractionation with various polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% (v/v) ethanol. The physicochemical properties of B-SE were investigated in terms of partition coefficient (LogP), solubility and pH-stability. To optimize the transethosomes formulation, the compositions were varied in sorts of percent cosurfactant, types of cosurfactant, extract concentration, percent total surfactant and types of particle ingredients (phospholipid or cholesterol). The significant factors influencing physical characteristics of the transethosomes were statistically identified using the 25-1 fractional factorial design. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE) and ultrastructural morphology of the optimized formulation was then characterized. As a marker of B-SE, ellagic acid (EA) was identified by HPLC at a retention time of 32.506 ± 0.16 min. The LogP of B-SE was 0.17. B-SE was practically insoluble in water but freely soluble in propylene glycol and ethanol. The pH condition that stabilized the extract was pH-5. The optimized formulation, consisted of phospholipid, propylene glycol, TWEEN 20, SPAN 80 and 2.5 mg/ml of B-SE presenting particle sizes of 79.72 ± 2.42 nm, PDI of 0.26±0.02 and %EE of 83.10±0.03% along with a spherical particle shape. To conclude, the optimized transethosomes loaded with B-SE fabricated by phospholipid and propylene glycol has desirable attributes for further developing into an anti-acne cosmeceutical. Nonetheless, the bioactivities and safety profile of the transethosomes were necessary for further investigation. Keywords: Bouea macrophylla Griffith, Transethosomes, Ellagic acid, Fractional factorial design, Nanocarrier
{"title":"Development of Transethosomes Delivery System Loaded with Bouea macrophylla Griffith Seed Kernel Extract for Cosmeceutical Application","authors":"Phattharawadee Jaikham, P. Leelapornpisid, Worrapan Poomanee","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to develop and optimize transethosomes loaded with Bouea macrophylla Griffith seed kernel extract (B-SE). Firstly, extraction procedures using solvent fractionation with various polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% (v/v) ethanol. The physicochemical properties of B-SE were investigated in terms of partition coefficient (LogP), solubility and pH-stability. To optimize the transethosomes formulation, the compositions were varied in sorts of percent cosurfactant, types of cosurfactant, extract concentration, percent total surfactant and types of particle ingredients (phospholipid or cholesterol). The significant factors influencing physical characteristics of the transethosomes were statistically identified using the 25-1 fractional factorial design. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE) and ultrastructural morphology of the optimized formulation was then characterized. As a marker of B-SE, ellagic acid (EA) was identified by HPLC at a retention time of 32.506 ± 0.16 min. The LogP of B-SE was 0.17. B-SE was practically insoluble in water but freely soluble in propylene glycol and ethanol. The pH condition that stabilized the extract was pH-5. The optimized formulation, consisted of phospholipid, propylene glycol, TWEEN 20, SPAN 80 and 2.5 mg/ml of B-SE presenting particle sizes of 79.72 ± 2.42 nm, PDI of 0.26±0.02 and %EE of 83.10±0.03% along with a spherical particle shape. To conclude, the optimized transethosomes loaded with B-SE fabricated by phospholipid and propylene glycol has desirable attributes for further developing into an anti-acne cosmeceutical. Nonetheless, the bioactivities and safety profile of the transethosomes were necessary for further investigation. Keywords: Bouea macrophylla Griffith, Transethosomes, Ellagic acid, Fractional factorial design, Nanocarrier","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kornkanok Thaisungnoen, Muhammad Umar, Manisha Singh, A. K. Anal
The antioxidant characteristics of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) can vary significantly depending on the age of the plant, species, and environmental constraints. In this study, ultrasonic extraction was performed to obtain the bioactive extract from Napier grass. Napier grass at different growth periods (50, 70, and 90 days) was evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid quantity followed by antioxidant activity. The effect of extraction parameters was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design. The optimum condition for extraction of bioactive compounds from Napier grass was selected through RSM as 10 mL of ethanol (47.68% v/v) and 50 min of extraction time with ultrasound assisted process (100% amplitude and 20 kHz). The extract from 50 days old grass showed excellent antioxidant properties (68.4 μm Fe (II)/g, 5.1 mg AAE/g, 56.7% of DPPH activity), higher phenolic (8.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoid (3.9 mg QE/g) and protein content (14.9% w/w) which also good antimicrobial and antimutagenic activity. The bioactive extract from 50 days of grass demonstrated strong antimutagenicity (>60%) against sodium azide-induced mutation in S. typhimurium TA 100 strain and did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on Vero and Caco-2 cells at the concentration of 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Napier grass, Ultrasonic extraction, Antioxidant, Antimutagenicity, Cytotoxicity
{"title":"Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Extract from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Evaluation of Its Bioactivity, Antimutagenicity and Cytotoxicity","authors":"Kornkanok Thaisungnoen, Muhammad Umar, Manisha Singh, A. K. Anal","doi":"10.12982/nlsc.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant characteristics of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) can vary significantly depending on the age of the plant, species, and environmental constraints. In this study, ultrasonic extraction was performed to obtain the bioactive extract from Napier grass. Napier grass at different growth periods (50, 70, and 90 days) was evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid quantity followed by antioxidant activity. The effect of extraction parameters was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design. The optimum condition for extraction of bioactive compounds from Napier grass was selected through RSM as 10 mL of ethanol (47.68% v/v) and 50 min of extraction time with ultrasound assisted process (100% amplitude and 20 kHz). The extract from 50 days old grass showed excellent antioxidant properties (68.4 μm Fe (II)/g, 5.1 mg AAE/g, 56.7% of DPPH activity), higher phenolic (8.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoid (3.9 mg QE/g) and protein content (14.9% w/w) which also good antimicrobial and antimutagenic activity. The bioactive extract from 50 days of grass demonstrated strong antimutagenicity (>60%) against sodium azide-induced mutation in S. typhimurium TA 100 strain and did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on Vero and Caco-2 cells at the concentration of 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Napier grass, Ultrasonic extraction, Antioxidant, Antimutagenicity, Cytotoxicity","PeriodicalId":132692,"journal":{"name":"Natural and Life Sciences Communications","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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