Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00029.8
K. Sushma, P. Saidaiah, H. Sudini, A. Geetha, K. Reddy
{"title":"SSR Marker Based Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Wilt Resistance Screening of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes","authors":"K. Sushma, P. Saidaiah, H. Sudini, A. Geetha, K. Reddy","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00029.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00029.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84580653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00071.7
P. Brahmi, V. Tyagi, Pragya, A. Agrawal
A paradigm shift occurred in the international policy environment with respect to biological diversity from “heritage of mankind” to “sovereign rights of a nation”, primarily triggered by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992. To address the issue of food security, in terms of access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) as well as for realization of farmer’s rights, the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGRFA) was adopted 2001. In 2010 a Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (NP-ABS) was developed under CBD to facilitate exchange of biological resources bilatellary between countries, on mutually agreed terms. Both the Treaty and CBD offer regulatory mechanisms for exchange of germplasm and fair and equitable share of benefits and are implemented through national policies in mutually supportive manner. However, practically they have impacted germplasm flow. In the world of plant breeding and crop improvement, these regulations are seen to bring a slow-down in the international exchange of germplasm hampering scientific progress.
{"title":"Policies Impacting Access to Plant Genetic Resources in Last Four Decades","authors":"P. Brahmi, V. Tyagi, Pragya, A. Agrawal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00071.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00071.7","url":null,"abstract":"A paradigm shift occurred in the international policy environment with respect to biological diversity from “heritage of mankind” to “sovereign rights of a nation”, primarily triggered by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992. To address the issue of food security, in terms of access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) as well as for realization of farmer’s rights, the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGRFA) was adopted 2001. In 2010 a Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (NP-ABS) was developed under CBD to facilitate exchange of biological resources bilatellary between countries, on mutually agreed terms. Both the Treaty and CBD offer regulatory mechanisms for exchange of germplasm and fair and equitable share of benefits and are implemented through national policies in mutually supportive manner. However, practically they have impacted germplasm flow. In the world of plant breeding and crop improvement, these regulations are seen to bring a slow-down in the international exchange of germplasm hampering scientific progress.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00050.x
J. Rana, SK Malik, Eleonora De Falcis
The World Food System is characterized by a high level of concentration and dependency. It is estimated that out of the above 5500 plant-known edible species, only 12 makeup of more than 75% of what we eat. Cereals provide the highest share in terms of calorie intake, with only three crops – rice, wheat, and maize – providing more than 50% of calorie intake. This impressive concentration on a few staple crops exposes the agricultural production system and their markets to vulnerability. Furthermore, recent UN report on World Population Prospects–2022 has made the whole World worry especially the countries like India where the population by 2050 would cross 1.66 billion and surpass the population of China (WPP, 2022). In such circumstances meeting the Sustainable Goals and providing healthy and nutritious food to increasing population would be a big challenge. Ensuring food and nutritional security side by side reducing pressure on natural resources, mitigating climate change and controlling price volatility due to conflicts and other disturbances is also a matter of deep concern for developing world.
{"title":"Building Value Chains for Enhanced PGR Utilization and Sustainable Food Systems","authors":"J. Rana, SK Malik, Eleonora De Falcis","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00050.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00050.x","url":null,"abstract":"The World Food System is characterized by a high level of concentration and dependency. It is estimated that out of the above 5500 plant-known edible species, only 12 makeup of more than 75% of what we eat. Cereals provide the highest share in terms of calorie intake, with only three crops – rice, wheat, and maize – providing more than 50% of calorie intake. This impressive concentration on a few staple crops exposes the agricultural production system and their markets to vulnerability. Furthermore, recent UN report on World Population Prospects–2022 has made the whole World worry especially the countries like India where the population by 2050 would cross 1.66 billion and surpass the population of China (WPP, 2022). In such circumstances meeting the Sustainable Goals and providing healthy and nutritious food to increasing population would be a big challenge. Ensuring food and nutritional security side by side reducing pressure on natural resources, mitigating climate change and controlling price volatility due to conflicts and other disturbances is also a matter of deep concern for developing world.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74323851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00008.0
Madhu Sharma, A. Verma, Y. Singh
{"title":"Gene Action Studies in Gynoecious Cucumber (Cucumis sativum L.) Lines under Mid Hill Conditions of Western Himalayas","authors":"Madhu Sharma, A. Verma, Y. Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00008.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00008.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91243624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00110.3
Ankita Gupta
Insect museums across the globe are gaining immense attention post issues of biodiversity loss estimation. The biggest question during the present times is the accurate assessment of insect species diversity and biodiversity accountability in terms of what amount of insect biodiversity is lost due to anthropogenic factors. However, many of the countries still do not possess a precise and standard dataset of their insect biodiversity and thus it is not possible to assess the loss holistically. Here comes the inevitable role of insect museums in documentation of the species present in their collections and furthermore translation of their dataset into extant and extinct species. This paper presents the role of insect collections and their databases in Insect Genetic Resources.
{"title":"Insect Collections as a Reservoir of Insect Genetic Resources","authors":"Ankita Gupta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00110.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00110.3","url":null,"abstract":"Insect museums across the globe are gaining immense attention post issues of biodiversity loss estimation. The biggest question during the present times is the accurate assessment of insect species diversity and biodiversity accountability in terms of what amount of insect biodiversity is lost due to anthropogenic factors. However, many of the countries still do not possess a precise and standard dataset of their insect biodiversity and thus it is not possible to assess the loss holistically. Here comes the inevitable role of insect museums in documentation of the species present in their collections and furthermore translation of their dataset into extant and extinct species. This paper presents the role of insect collections and their databases in Insect Genetic Resources.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84824866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00007.9
M. Priyadarshi, Anu Sharma, K. Chaturvedi, R. Bhardwaj, S. Lal, M. Farooqi, Sanjeev Kumar, D. Mishra, Mohar Singh
{"title":"Machine Learning Algorithms for Protein Physicochemical Component Prediction Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Chickpea Germplasm","authors":"M. Priyadarshi, Anu Sharma, K. Chaturvedi, R. Bhardwaj, S. Lal, M. Farooqi, Sanjeev Kumar, D. Mishra, Mohar Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00007.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00007.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85148275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00053.5
S. Ahlawat, K. Bhatt, D. Semwal, K. Pradheep, OP Dhariwal
Plant exploration and germplasm collection is the foremost activity in PGR management system aimed at augmenting genetic resources for ex-situ conservation and utilization by end users. Organized PGR collecting was initiated in India way back in 1946, and so far, 2.82 lakhs accessions representative of nearly 1,695 crops/species have been collected through 2,838 explorations undertaken across the country mainly in collaboration with ICAR crop-based institutes and SAUs. Till two decades back, the focus has been shifted mainly on the collection of cultivated variability which has resulted in fair representative collections for important crops from across India. Now, increasing importance has been entrusted to crop wild relatives, minor fruits and wild edibles species, which has resulted in a phenomenal share of wild germplasm (18%) in the total collection. This communication highlights the collection trends, salient achievements made, emerging issues, and the priority areas which need adequate addressing for meaningful germplasm collections.
{"title":"Exploration and Collection of Plant Genetic Resources in India: Status and Priorities","authors":"S. Ahlawat, K. Bhatt, D. Semwal, K. Pradheep, OP Dhariwal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00053.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00053.5","url":null,"abstract":"Plant exploration and germplasm collection is the foremost activity in PGR management system aimed at augmenting genetic resources for ex-situ conservation and utilization by end users. Organized PGR collecting was initiated in India way back in 1946, and so far, 2.82 lakhs accessions representative of nearly 1,695 crops/species have been collected through 2,838 explorations undertaken across the country mainly in collaboration with ICAR crop-based institutes and SAUs. Till two decades back, the focus has been shifted mainly on the collection of cultivated variability which has resulted in fair representative collections for important crops from across India. Now, increasing importance has been entrusted to crop wild relatives, minor fruits and wild edibles species, which has resulted in a phenomenal share of wild germplasm (18%) in the total collection. This communication highlights the collection trends, salient achievements made, emerging issues, and the priority areas which need adequate addressing for meaningful germplasm collections.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7
K. Pradheep, S. Ahlawat, S. Nivedhitha, Veena . Gupta
Identified as a critical component for food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability in the current century, crop wild relatives (CWR) warrant species-level prioritization and meaningful germplasm conservation. A rough-and-ready approach placing all other species of a crop genus as CWR is unacceptable, as it would lead to the listing of many unrelated species, also conversely, in some crops, the search has gone beyond the crop genera. Initially, based on overall closeness with the crop as well as their potential for use, a total of 861 Indian CWR taxa (769 species) were prioritized for 171 ICAR-mandated crops falling under 14 crop groups. Further prioritization was made on shortlisted taxa, based on the economic importance of crops per se , level of closeness to crops (cytogenetically/morphologically/molecularly), possessing traits of breeders’ interest, or already under wide-hybridization programme, and the extent of distribution/threat. This resulted in the identification of 292 taxa (257 species) belonging to 85 crops. These high-priority taxa were further analyzed for conservation gaps, if any. Of 292 taxa, only 167 were conserved in the National Genebank. While 28 taxa were represented with only one accession and 81 with <10 accessions, only 40 were with a fair number of accessions (≥50); however, they too lacked representative samples from across a geographical and ecological range. This communication highlights the constraints involved in the process including insufficient information on threat status, gap for future collection, and
{"title":"Crop Wild Relatives in India: Inventorization, Prioritization and Conservation#","authors":"K. Pradheep, S. Ahlawat, S. Nivedhitha, Veena . Gupta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7","url":null,"abstract":"Identified as a critical component for food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability in the current century, crop wild relatives (CWR) warrant species-level prioritization and meaningful germplasm conservation. A rough-and-ready approach placing all other species of a crop genus as CWR is unacceptable, as it would lead to the listing of many unrelated species, also conversely, in some crops, the search has gone beyond the crop genera. Initially, based on overall closeness with the crop as well as their potential for use, a total of 861 Indian CWR taxa (769 species) were prioritized for 171 ICAR-mandated crops falling under 14 crop groups. Further prioritization was made on shortlisted taxa, based on the economic importance of crops per se , level of closeness to crops (cytogenetically/morphologically/molecularly), possessing traits of breeders’ interest, or already under wide-hybridization programme, and the extent of distribution/threat. This resulted in the identification of 292 taxa (257 species) belonging to 85 crops. These high-priority taxa were further analyzed for conservation gaps, if any. Of 292 taxa, only 167 were conserved in the National Genebank. While 28 taxa were represented with only one accession and 81 with <10 accessions, only 40 were with a fair number of accessions (≥50); however, they too lacked representative samples from across a geographical and ecological range. This communication highlights the constraints involved in the process including insufficient information on threat status, gap for future collection, and","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00069.9
Tanwy Dasmandal, D. Mishra, Anil Rai
Bioinformatics plays a significant role in the development of many fields of biological science and plant genetic resources (PGR) is one of them. With the advent of high throughput sequencing technology, bioinformatics continues to make considerable progress in biology by providing scientists with access to the genomic information. There are many areas of plant genetic resources such as development of core set, trait associated gene discovery, genetic diversity analysis, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis, database development and its management etc. where bioinformatics plays important roles. Main role of bioinformatics is to provide computational algorithm and software tools to accelerate the research of PGR. Bioinformatics is a new paradigm in the genomic research, which provides PGR research a great thrust. However, there are many areas such as pan genomics, multi locus GWAS, Genomic Selection with epistasis effects where bioinformatics can play better role.
{"title":"Role of Bioinformatics in the Development of Plant Genetic Resources","authors":"Tanwy Dasmandal, D. Mishra, Anil Rai","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00069.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00069.9","url":null,"abstract":"Bioinformatics plays a significant role in the development of many fields of biological science and plant genetic resources (PGR) is one of them. With the advent of high throughput sequencing technology, bioinformatics continues to make considerable progress in biology by providing scientists with access to the genomic information. There are many areas of plant genetic resources such as development of core set, trait associated gene discovery, genetic diversity analysis, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis, database development and its management etc. where bioinformatics plays important roles. Main role of bioinformatics is to provide computational algorithm and software tools to accelerate the research of PGR. Bioinformatics is a new paradigm in the genomic research, which provides PGR research a great thrust. However, there are many areas such as pan genomics, multi locus GWAS, Genomic Selection with epistasis effects where bioinformatics can play better role.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80068541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00091.2
A. Gopalakrishnan, Boby Ignatius, Vvr Suresh
Mariculture has immense potential in India in the context of fast-growing demand for seafood, which cannot be met by capture fisheries sector alone. Mariculture can also play an important role in increasing fish production from the coastal and offshore waters by involving local fishers and entrepreneurs to take up the activity. The pioneering attempts for mariculture development in the country by ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) on seed production and farming of finfishes such as cobia, silver pompano, Indian pompano, sea bass, groupers, snappers, breams and ornamental fishes, shell fishes such as molluscs, marine pearl production and seaweed farming, sea-cage farming, Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) and aquatic animal health management are highlighted and suggested strategies for way forward.
{"title":"Mariculture Development in India: Status and Way Forward","authors":"A. Gopalakrishnan, Boby Ignatius, Vvr Suresh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00091.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00091.2","url":null,"abstract":"Mariculture has immense potential in India in the context of fast-growing demand for seafood, which cannot be met by capture fisheries sector alone. Mariculture can also play an important role in increasing fish production from the coastal and offshore waters by involving local fishers and entrepreneurs to take up the activity. The pioneering attempts for mariculture development in the country by ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) on seed production and farming of finfishes such as cobia, silver pompano, Indian pompano, sea bass, groupers, snappers, breams and ornamental fishes, shell fishes such as molluscs, marine pearl production and seaweed farming, sea-cage farming, Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) and aquatic animal health management are highlighted and suggested strategies for way forward.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"659 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76843922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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