Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00041.9
Rc Agrawal
{"title":"New Paradigms in Agricultural Education in India","authors":"Rc Agrawal","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00041.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00041.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73745799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7
K. Pradheep, S. Ahlawat, S. Nivedhitha, Veena . Gupta
Identified as a critical component for food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability in the current century, crop wild relatives (CWR) warrant species-level prioritization and meaningful germplasm conservation. A rough-and-ready approach placing all other species of a crop genus as CWR is unacceptable, as it would lead to the listing of many unrelated species, also conversely, in some crops, the search has gone beyond the crop genera. Initially, based on overall closeness with the crop as well as their potential for use, a total of 861 Indian CWR taxa (769 species) were prioritized for 171 ICAR-mandated crops falling under 14 crop groups. Further prioritization was made on shortlisted taxa, based on the economic importance of crops per se , level of closeness to crops (cytogenetically/morphologically/molecularly), possessing traits of breeders’ interest, or already under wide-hybridization programme, and the extent of distribution/threat. This resulted in the identification of 292 taxa (257 species) belonging to 85 crops. These high-priority taxa were further analyzed for conservation gaps, if any. Of 292 taxa, only 167 were conserved in the National Genebank. While 28 taxa were represented with only one accession and 81 with <10 accessions, only 40 were with a fair number of accessions (≥50); however, they too lacked representative samples from across a geographical and ecological range. This communication highlights the constraints involved in the process including insufficient information on threat status, gap for future collection, and
{"title":"Crop Wild Relatives in India: Inventorization, Prioritization and Conservation#","authors":"K. Pradheep, S. Ahlawat, S. Nivedhitha, Veena . Gupta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00054.7","url":null,"abstract":"Identified as a critical component for food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability in the current century, crop wild relatives (CWR) warrant species-level prioritization and meaningful germplasm conservation. A rough-and-ready approach placing all other species of a crop genus as CWR is unacceptable, as it would lead to the listing of many unrelated species, also conversely, in some crops, the search has gone beyond the crop genera. Initially, based on overall closeness with the crop as well as their potential for use, a total of 861 Indian CWR taxa (769 species) were prioritized for 171 ICAR-mandated crops falling under 14 crop groups. Further prioritization was made on shortlisted taxa, based on the economic importance of crops per se , level of closeness to crops (cytogenetically/morphologically/molecularly), possessing traits of breeders’ interest, or already under wide-hybridization programme, and the extent of distribution/threat. This resulted in the identification of 292 taxa (257 species) belonging to 85 crops. These high-priority taxa were further analyzed for conservation gaps, if any. Of 292 taxa, only 167 were conserved in the National Genebank. While 28 taxa were represented with only one accession and 81 with <10 accessions, only 40 were with a fair number of accessions (≥50); however, they too lacked representative samples from across a geographical and ecological range. This communication highlights the constraints involved in the process including insufficient information on threat status, gap for future collection, and","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00101.2
B. Kour, R. Balasubramanian
Nitrogen fertilization is an integral agronomic practice to increasing productivity and profitability in agriculture. But the poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, about < 40%) causes many economic and environmental challenges. The microbial oxidative process of converting ammonia to nitrite to nitrate (nitrification) is the rate-limiting step in the N loss. The century-old, conventional theory of nitrification with the involvement of two functionally different bacterial groups as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria has been upturned by the recent discoveries of archaeal members involved in ammonia oxidation (Ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA), anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Anammox bacteria) and complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Comammox bacteria) in the last two decades, largely due to the advances in molecular and metagenomic methods introduced to study the microbial ecology. What is interesting to know is that nitrate-transporters of host plants, as in rice, are involved in the assembly of the microbiome associated with roots. Besides, rice plants produce the biological nitrification inhibiting (BNI) compounds released through root exudates. Involvement of diverse microbiome members and the plant genome through nitrate transporters on the rice rhizosphere microbiome assembly necessitates the reappraisal of the nitrogen fertilization management options. This paper also highlights the need for gathering new knowledge on the plant-microbe interactions, from the genome to metabolite levels, and conserving these resources for sustainable rice cultivation.
{"title":"Microbial Nitrification Paradox: A Paradigm Shift on Nitrogen Uptake by Rice","authors":"B. Kour, R. Balasubramanian","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00101.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00101.2","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilization is an integral agronomic practice to increasing productivity and profitability in agriculture. But the poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, about < 40%) causes many economic and environmental challenges. The microbial oxidative process of converting ammonia to nitrite to nitrate (nitrification) is the rate-limiting step in the N loss. The century-old, conventional theory of nitrification with the involvement of two functionally different bacterial groups as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria has been upturned by the recent discoveries of archaeal members involved in ammonia oxidation (Ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA), anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Anammox bacteria) and complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Comammox bacteria) in the last two decades, largely due to the advances in molecular and metagenomic methods introduced to study the microbial ecology. What is interesting to know is that nitrate-transporters of host plants, as in rice, are involved in the assembly of the microbiome associated with roots. Besides, rice plants produce the biological nitrification inhibiting (BNI) compounds released through root exudates. Involvement of diverse microbiome members and the plant genome through nitrate transporters on the rice rhizosphere microbiome assembly necessitates the reappraisal of the nitrogen fertilization management options. This paper also highlights the need for gathering new knowledge on the plant-microbe interactions, from the genome to metabolite levels, and conserving these resources for sustainable rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72741580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00019.5
RN Amulya, Nagarajappa Adivappar, B. Shivakumar, H. Mallikarjuna
{"title":"Studies on Variability and Correlation in Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa)","authors":"RN Amulya, Nagarajappa Adivappar, B. Shivakumar, H. Mallikarjuna","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00019.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00019.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"15 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73919873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1
A. Pandey, V. Devi, S. Nivedhitha, R. Pamarthi, Rita Gupta, Rakesh Singh, S. Ahlawat, Kuldeep Singh
{"title":"Towards Strengthening the National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants with Rice Landrace Diversity","authors":"A. Pandey, V. Devi, S. Nivedhitha, R. Pamarthi, Rita Gupta, Rakesh Singh, S. Ahlawat, Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00003.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74298855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3
G. Mair, D. Lucente
Effective management of aquatic biodiversity used in aquaculture will play a critical role in the future development and sustainability of the sector. In this context, a global assessment, conducted by FAO, on the status of management of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture (AqGR) identified a number of significant challenges and needs. In response to this report, FAO and partners have been developing a number of key resources to facilitate countries to better manage their AqGR. This paper describes these resources, which include, inter alia : a framework of essential criteria; AquaGRIS – a global information system; and a Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture . These resources can be applied at a range of different levels by diverse aquaculture stakeholders such as policy makers, resource managers, producers and researchers, and can be integrated and used together in the development of strategic approaches for the management of aquatic biodiversity at national, regional and even global scales.
{"title":"FAO Resources for Strategic Planning","authors":"G. Mair, D. Lucente","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00083.3","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of aquatic biodiversity used in aquaculture will play a critical role in the future development and sustainability of the sector. In this context, a global assessment, conducted by FAO, on the status of management of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture (AqGR) identified a number of significant challenges and needs. In response to this report, FAO and partners have been developing a number of key resources to facilitate countries to better manage their AqGR. This paper describes these resources, which include, inter alia : a framework of essential criteria; AquaGRIS – a global information system; and a Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture . These resources can be applied at a range of different levels by diverse aquaculture stakeholders such as policy makers, resource managers, producers and researchers, and can be integrated and used together in the development of strategic approaches for the management of aquatic biodiversity at national, regional and even global scales.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5
Anju Sunny, T. Pradeepkumar, J. Minimol, D. Mathew, M. Kutty, P. Anitha
{"title":"Potential of Gynoecious Line in Generating Superior Heterotic Hybrids in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)","authors":"Anju Sunny, T. Pradeepkumar, J. Minimol, D. Mathew, M. Kutty, P. Anitha","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00005.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77005602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00067.5
P. G. Gore, Neeta Singh, Veena . Gupta
{"title":"Grain Legumes Diversity of Indian National Genebank: A Potential Resource for Food and Nutritional Security","authors":"P. G. Gore, Neeta Singh, Veena . Gupta","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00067.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00067.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84364113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00108.5
U. Amala, Subaharan Kesavan, TM Shivalingaswamy
Bees are important diverse group of pollinators that contribute to pollination and reproductive success of many angiosperms. Of the hundred principal crops that accounts for world’s food supply, only 15 % was pollinated by domestic bees (honeybees and bumble bees) and 80% are pollinated by wild non-apis bees (leaf cutter bees, sweat bees, digger bees). Honeybees, bumble bees and stingless bees were social in habit with typical caste system (queen, drones and workers) and division of labour. Seven different species of honeybees were reported from India viz., Apis mellifera, A. cerana, A. florea, A. dorsata and A. labriosa . Among the different species of honeybees, A. mellifera and A. cerana were domesticated in India for the honey production. Native bees like leaf cutter bees, sweat bees, digger bees were solitary in habit and constructs their habit in hollow cavities, pithy stems and underground. The native bees buzz pollinates plants with typical floral morphology results in increased fruit/pod set and yield in different crops.
{"title":"Diversity of Bee Pollinators – Global and Indian Perspective","authors":"U. Amala, Subaharan Kesavan, TM Shivalingaswamy","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00108.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00108.5","url":null,"abstract":"Bees are important diverse group of pollinators that contribute to pollination and reproductive success of many angiosperms. Of the hundred principal crops that accounts for world’s food supply, only 15 % was pollinated by domestic bees (honeybees and bumble bees) and 80% are pollinated by wild non-apis bees (leaf cutter bees, sweat bees, digger bees). Honeybees, bumble bees and stingless bees were social in habit with typical caste system (queen, drones and workers) and division of labour. Seven different species of honeybees were reported from India viz., Apis mellifera, A. cerana, A. florea, A. dorsata and A. labriosa . Among the different species of honeybees, A. mellifera and A. cerana were domesticated in India for the honey production. Native bees like leaf cutter bees, sweat bees, digger bees were solitary in habit and constructs their habit in hollow cavities, pithy stems and underground. The native bees buzz pollinates plants with typical floral morphology results in increased fruit/pod set and yield in different crops.","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81342821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5
Simon Wilkinson
Informatics is the application of data science to extract and communicate actionable knowledge in the context of a specialised domain. Informatics will play an increasingly important role in management of genetic resources for aquaculture as the industry pursues automation and optimisation of processes in pursuit of intensification. This will likely parallel the adoption of industrial control systems in technology-oriented “smart farms”, which will drive instrumentation of farming systems. Aquaculture has historically under-invested in genetic resource management and all aspects of information technology, including informatics, but both have potential to generate substantial benefits. Data capture and computational resources for informatics are no longer limiting. They are cheap, easy to obtain and manage, due to advances in microelectronics, software virtualisation and cloud computing. Human resources are now the main bottleneck in application of informatics in aquatic genetic resources management. There is a need for the aquaculture sector to invest in developing its own professional capacity in informatics, as it is unlikely to be able to recruit personnel from more industrialised, higher-paying sectors
{"title":"Informatics as Future for Fish Genetic Resources Management","authors":"Simon Wilkinson","doi":"10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2022.00084.5","url":null,"abstract":"Informatics is the application of data science to extract and communicate actionable knowledge in the context of a specialised domain. Informatics will play an increasingly important role in management of genetic resources for aquaculture as the industry pursues automation and optimisation of processes in pursuit of intensification. This will likely parallel the adoption of industrial control systems in technology-oriented “smart farms”, which will drive instrumentation of farming systems. Aquaculture has historically under-invested in genetic resource management and all aspects of information technology, including informatics, but both have potential to generate substantial benefits. Data capture and computational resources for informatics are no longer limiting. They are cheap, easy to obtain and manage, due to advances in microelectronics, software virtualisation and cloud computing. Human resources are now the main bottleneck in application of informatics in aquatic genetic resources management. There is a need for the aquaculture sector to invest in developing its own professional capacity in informatics, as it is unlikely to be able to recruit personnel from more industrialised, higher-paying sectors","PeriodicalId":13295,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82040120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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