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Implementation of Gap Algorithm and Adaptive Arithmetic Coding For Loseless Image Processing 无损图像处理中Gap算法和自适应算术编码的实现
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.21647/ICCTEST/2017/49022
Dilip S. V. Kumar, K. Murugesh
Digital images are used in different applications like aerospace, military, science and many more applications. The image compression is important in data storage and data transmission through an untrusted channel to make use of efficient network bandwidth. In most of the case image compression is done by network provider. This leads to data loss while compressing, here we will not able to get exact image even though it is lossless compression if we encrypt and decrypt. To overcome this problem, we have designed an efficient image encryption and compression. The image compression is done by transmitter after the encryption, which gives lossless image at the receiver side. To encrypt the image, the prediction error and random permutation techniques were used and the GAP algorithm is used to find the prediction error. Adaptive Arithmetic coding algorithm is used to compress the encrypted image for lossless image. In this work, the encrypted and compressed image is decompressed and decrypted without any loss of data at the receiver side.
数字图像用于不同的应用,如航空航天,军事,科学和更多的应用。图像压缩在数据存储和通过非可信信道传输数据中具有重要意义,可以有效地利用网络带宽。在大多数情况下,图像压缩是由网络提供商完成的。这导致压缩时数据丢失,这里我们将无法得到准确的图像,即使它是无损压缩,如果我们加密和解密。为了克服这个问题,我们设计了一种高效的图像加密和压缩方法。加密后的图像由发送端进行压缩,在接收端得到无损图像。采用预测误差和随机排列技术对图像进行加密,并利用GAP算法对预测误差进行求解。采用自适应算术编码算法对加密后的图像进行压缩,得到无损图像。在这项工作中,加密和压缩的图像被解压缩和解密,而不会在接收端丢失任何数据。
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引用次数: 0
Boer Goat Production Performance, Constraints And Opportunites In Nepal 尼泊尔波尔山羊生产业绩、制约因素和机遇
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.1183837
S. Sapkota, M. Kolakshyapati, S. Gairhe, Namdev Upadhyaya, Y. Acharya
Khari goat is an indigenous breed of goat (Capra hircus) in Nepal. Innovative farmers are eager to change the livelihood through raising new and improved breed of goat. This study was conducted to find out the Boer goat production performance, constraints and opportunities in Nepal. Primary data were collected from purposive sample of 43 respondents from Dhading district and 36 Boer and 36 Khari goats from Goat Research Station, Bandipur. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and compound growth model. Data revealed that higher number of male in the family with more land holding and high level of awareness and access to training adopted Boer goats. Result drawn through comparison of compound growth rate of goat population and meat production showed increment in goat population by 36% whereas meat production by 35%. In this scenario, scale up of Boer goat in the hills of Nepal will be worthy for both meat production and easy marketing.
哈里山羊是尼泊尔本地山羊(Capra hircus)品种。创新的农民渴望通过饲养新的和改良的山羊品种来改变生计。本研究旨在了解尼泊尔布尔山羊的生产表现、制约因素和机遇。主要数据收集自来自哈丁地区的43名调查对象和来自班迪普尔山羊研究站的36只布尔山羊和36只哈里山羊。通过描述性统计和复合增长模型对数据进行分析。数据显示,家庭中拥有较多土地、对布尔山羊有较高认识和接受培训机会的男性收养了布尔山羊。山羊种群与肉制品复合增长率的比较结果表明,山羊种群增长36%,肉制品增长35%。在这种情况下,在尼泊尔山区扩大布尔山羊的规模将有利于肉类生产和易于销售。
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引用次数: 4
Information Resources Management 信息资源管理
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-965-1
Aman Lodha, Yash Sultania
Information technology is comparatively new isn’t. Info resources have continuously existed, however technology immensely will increase our ability to access resources, each those we have a tendency to own and management and people outside of our own sphere of influence. Info management becomes a lot of vital each day: we'd like to confirm that folks among our organizations get the knowledge they have to try to their jobs effectively, and, if we have a tendency to area unit to realize real success, we'd like to confirm that folks don't get info that's not relevant to their activity. The competitive advantage of organizations is incredibly a lot of ruled by the effectiveness with that they manage their info resource.
信息技术相对较新,但不是。信息资源一直存在,然而,技术将极大地增加我们获取资源的能力,我们倾向于拥有和管理每一个资源,以及我们自己的影响范围之外的人。信息管理每天都变得非常重要:我们希望确认我们组织中的人员获得了他们需要的知识,以便有效地完成他们的工作,并且,如果我们倾向于实现真正的成功,我们希望确认人们不会获得与他们的活动无关的信息。组织的竞争优势很大程度上取决于他们管理信息资源的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Minimally Invasive/Percutaneous Talus Fracture Osteosynthesis – A Case Report. 微创/经皮距骨骨折接骨术1例报告。
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.9790/0853-150907154157
Dr.Mazharuddin Ali Khan, Dr.ChinnalaSrujan Kumar., M. Qureshi, Dr.Sarosh Haidry
The talus is involved in about 2% of all lower extremity injuries and about 5-7% of foot injuries. Fractures of Talus are relatively uncommon and can be associated with significant complications. Because it articulates with important joints i.e.,ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular, it is one of the most important bones to stabilize and mobilize soon after a foot injury. Talar fractures are usually associated with hyperdorsiflexion of the ankle as the talar neck impacts the anterior margin of the tibia, such as in a motor vehicle accident or fall from height. We describe the case of a 21year old male presenting with displaced talus fracture of right leg which was treated with a minimally invasive technique.
距骨涉及约2%的下肢损伤和约5-7%的足部损伤。距骨骨折相对不常见,并可伴有明显的并发症。由于它与踝关节、距下关节和距舟骨等重要关节相连,因此它是足部受伤后稳定和活动的最重要的骨骼之一。距骨骨折通常与距骨颈撞击胫骨前缘时踝关节过度背屈有关,例如在机动车事故中或从高处坠落。我们报告一例21岁男性右腿距骨移位骨折,采用微创技术治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance Using Board Index 利用董事会指数评估公司治理对公司绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2016-08-09 DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0096.V1
B. Okoth, M. Coşkun
In 2013, the CMA at the Istanbul Stock Exchange increased the weight assigned to the Board of Directors component of its Corporate Governance Index to 35% from the previous 25%. Interpreting this as a recognition of the increasing vital role of the board, this study seeks to enhance the work of Abdioglu and Kilic (2015) by putting more focus on the role of women in the boards and the effect of the busy chairman as well as the presence of outside directors on the effectivity of the Board. (The general business structure is associated with family owned groups and holdings which results into a network of intertwined board membership and cases of multiple directorship where, one board chairman can hold the same position or any directorship in as many as ten firms- hence the busy chairman). I employ a different method of evaluating performance (EVA) together with the accounting measures of ROE and ROA (as opposed to the overused Tobin’s Q), which I regress against the Board Index to be created. The focus is on firms on the BIST 100 index (excluding financial) between 2009 and 2013. The results reveal that the BINDEX has a significant and positive relationship with firm performance as measured by EVA. A second model reveals no relationship between the BINDEX and firm ROA, similar to the results of Kilic and Abdioglu (2015). ROA however has a positive relationship with the proportion of female directors in the board, as earlier reported by Luckerath- Rovers (2013). Another model using ROE as the proxy for performance registers a significant negative relationship with the index. The contradiction obtained in the results from these three models underscore the importance choosing the right methods when estimating the performance of a firm.
2013年,伊斯坦布尔证券交易所的CMA将其公司治理指数中董事会部分的权重从之前的25%提高到35%。将此解释为对董事会日益重要的作用的认识,本研究试图通过更多地关注女性在董事会中的作用、忙碌的董事长的影响以及外部董事的存在对董事会效率的影响,来加强Abdioglu和Kilic(2015)的工作。(一般的商业结构与家族所有的集团和控股有关,这导致了一个交织在一起的董事会成员网络,以及多个董事的情况,一个董事会主席可以在多达十家公司担任相同的职位或任何董事职位,因此董事长很忙)。我采用了一种不同的评估绩效(EVA)的方法,以及ROE和ROA的会计度量(与过度使用的托宾Q相反),我对要创建的董事会指数进行了回归。重点是2009年至2013年间BIST 100指数(不包括金融类)的公司。结果表明,以EVA衡量,BINDEX与企业绩效之间存在显著正相关关系。第二个模型与Kilic和Abdioglu(2015)的结果相似,表明BINDEX和企业ROA之间没有关系。然而,正如Luckerath- Rovers(2013)先前报道的那样,ROA与董事会中女性董事的比例呈正相关关系。另一个使用ROE作为绩效代理的模型与该指数呈显著负相关。这三种模型结果的矛盾凸显了在评估企业绩效时选择正确方法的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
A Study about Non-Volatile Memories 非易失性记忆的研究
Pub Date : 2016-07-29 DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201607.0093.V1
D. Kumar
This paper presents an upcoming nonvolatile memories (NVM) overview. Non-volatile memory devices are electrically programmable and erasable to store charge in a location within the device and to retain that charge when voltage supply from the device is disconnected. The non-volatile memory is typically a semiconductor memory comprising thousands of individual transistors configured on a substrate to form a matrix of rows and columns of memory cells. Non-volatile memories are used in digital computing devices for the storage of data. In this paper we have given introduction including a brief survey on upcoming NVM's such as FeRAM, MRAM, CBRAM, PRAM, SONOS, RRAM, Racetrack memory and NRAM. In future Non-volatile memory may eliminate the need for comparatively slow forms of secondary storage systems, which include hard disks.
本文介绍了即将到来的非易失性存储器(NVM)概述。非易失性存储器器件是电可编程和可擦除的,用于在器件内的某个位置存储电荷,并在断开来自器件的电压供应时保留该电荷。非易失性存储器通常是一种半导体存储器,包括在衬底上配置的数千个单独的晶体管,以形成存储单元的行和列矩阵。非易失性存储器在数字计算设备中用于存储数据。在本文中,我们给出了介绍,包括对即将到来的NVM的简要调查,如FeRAM, MRAM, CBRAM, PRAM, SONOS, RRAM,赛道内存和NRAM。在将来,非易失性存储器可以消除对包括硬盘在内的相对较慢形式的辅助存储系统的需要。
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引用次数: 1
Fault Analysis of Brake Oil and Coolant Filling Machine 刹车油冷却液灌装机故障分析
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.21275/v5i6.art201625
M. Mali
: The performance and quality of components such as power steering, radiator, brakes, steering, clutch, engine, gears and air conditioner is mainly determined by the exact filling with fluids. The fluid pressure, concentration and physical properties are very important from the working point of view. In order to ensure correct working of such fluid filling machines, it is necessary to eliminate their problems causing huge assembly line downtime. The paper describes few suggestions to eliminate the problems occurring in the brake oil and coolant filling machine used for filling the fluids in the cars. The continuous observation and thorough analysis have resulted into the data described here.
动力转向、散热器、制动器、转向、离合器、发动机、齿轮和空调等部件的性能和质量主要取决于流体的准确填充。从工作角度看,流体的压力、浓度和物性是非常重要的。为了保证此类流体灌装机的正确工作,有必要消除其造成巨大装配线停机时间的问题。本文介绍了汽车制动油、冷却液加注机出现问题时的几点建议。持续的观察和彻底的分析产生了这里所描述的数据。
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引用次数: 1
Multi-Sensors in Locomotives for Explosion Detection and Avoider through De-Clamping and WPAN 基于拆夹和WPAN的机车多传感器爆炸检测与避免
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.21647/ICCTEST/2017/49142
S. Sheela, R. NatarajK.
: Fire accidents are very dangerous and cause harm to human life and property. If these types of accidents occur in some public transport, then it’s a matter of concern. In the recent times we have seen a lot of accidents occurring in trains, and a major part of it is due to fire accidents in the compartments. This fire is not confined to just one compartment. In case the train is moving then there are chances of the fire spreading to other compartments too. To avoid such incidents, there are different methods that are in use. Most of the present day systems use detectors in the compartments to detect any fire accidents. In case of any such occurrences, the information is passed on to the driver, so that he can take necessary decision. Hence we propose a system wherein we incorporate wireless sensors and WPAN to carry out similar operations. We have also designed some extra features which cater to the safety of the passengers. At the end we are sure to get a more reliable system which also has advanced safety features incorporated in it.
火灾事故是非常危险的,会对人的生命和财产造成危害。如果这些类型的事故发生在一些公共交通工具上,那么这是一个值得关注的问题。近年来,我们看到火车上发生了很多事故,其中很大一部分是由于车厢内的火灾事故。这场大火并不局限于一个隔间。如果火车正在行驶,那么火灾也有可能蔓延到其他车厢。为了避免这样的事件,有不同的方法正在使用。目前大多数系统在车厢内使用探测器来探测任何火灾事故。如果发生这种情况,信息将传递给司机,以便他做出必要的决定。因此,我们提出了一个将无线传感器和WPAN结合在一起的系统来执行类似的操作。我们还设计了一些额外的功能,以满足乘客的安全。最后,我们肯定会得到一个更可靠的系统,它也包含了先进的安全功能。
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引用次数: 0
Prostitution and the Law: Charting the Indian Course 卖淫与法律:描绘印度的历程
Pub Date : 2016-06-10 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2793718
Shivam Goel
The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, no doubt is an improvisation over the Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act, 1956 but still a lot is to be achieved, particularly with reference to the abuse and social ostracism that sex-workers face despite the fact that prostitution per se is not illegal in India. Prostitutes cannot be seen as individuals with half-rights or no-rights; the Constitution of India guarantees them all rights as are available to all other citizens of the country; the crowning glory of them all being the “right to self-determination”. Because prostitution per se is not illegal in India, the contention or the moot point of argument should not be, whether or not to legalise activities of sex-workers, but as to how to regulate prostitution in India? Necessary fetters are required to be imposed on the exercise of police powers of the State, particularly in respect of raids that are carried out in the abode of the sex-workers, in the bid of terming them as ‘brothels’. Rehabilitation of sex-workers is too academic a proposition much because of the social hypocrisy we are surrounded with, and due to the attitude of social denial, we live in. Despite the fact that flesh trade is an $8.4 billion industry in India, hardly any affirmative steps have been taken to regulate prostitution and to improvise the living conditions of sex-workers in India. Prostitutes in India face “identity crises”, their existence is acknowledged only when brothels are raided and surveys are conducted by the Government and other agencies/authorities.The only good that can be done to uplift the prostitutes from their situation of crises is to acknowledge them as human beings, not only of ‘flesh’ but also of emotions; rights; privileges and liberties; and to make them realize that the Constitution of India shields them, protects them and embraces them, as it does to all other citizens of the country.
《1956年不道德交易(预防)法案》无疑是对《1956年禁止不道德交易妇女和女孩法案》的即兴创作,但仍有很多工作要做,特别是关于性工作者面临的虐待和社会排斥,尽管卖淫本身在印度并不违法。妓女不能被视为只有一半权利或没有权利的个体;《印度宪法》保障他们享有该国所有其他公民享有的一切权利;这些权利的最高荣耀是“自决权”。因为卖淫本身在印度并不违法,争论的焦点不应该是是否将性工作者的活动合法化,而应该是如何规范印度的卖淫。需要对国家警察权力的行使施加必要的约束,特别是在对性工作者住所进行突击搜查时,以将其称为“妓院”。由于我们所处的社会虚伪,以及我们所处的社会否认态度,性工作者的康复是一个过于学术化的命题。尽管印度的肉交易是一个价值84亿美元的产业,但印度几乎没有采取任何积极措施来规范卖淫和改善性工作者的生活条件。印度的妓女面临“身份危机”,只有当妓院被搜查,政府和其他机构/当局进行调查时,她们的存在才被承认。唯一能把妓女从危机中解救出来的办法就是承认她们也是人,不仅有肉体,而且有情感;权利;特权和自由;让他们意识到印度宪法保护他们,保护他们,拥抱他们,就像对待这个国家的所有其他公民一样。
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引用次数: 0
Domain And Intelligence Based Multimedia Question Answering System 基于领域和智能的多媒体问答系统
Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJERE.V5I3.4544
K. Kumar, P. Valarmathie
Multimedia question answering systems have become very popular over the past few years. It allows users to share their thoughts by answering given question or obtain information from a set of answered questions. However, existing QA systems support only textual answer which is not so instructive for many users. The user’s discussion can be enhanced by adding suitable multimedia data. Multimedia answers offer intuitive information with more suitable image, voice and video. This system includes a set of information as well as classification of question and answer, query generation, multimedia data selection and presentation. This system will take all kinds of media such as text, images, videos, and videos which will be combined with a textual answer. In a way, it automatically collects information from the user to improvising the answer. This method consists of ranking for answers to select the best answer. By dealing out a huge set of QA pairs and adding them to a Database, multimedia question answering approach for users which finds multimedia answers by matching their questions with those in the Database. The effectiveness of Multimedia system is determined by ranking of text, image, audio and video in users answer. The answer which is given by the user it’s processed by Semantic match algorithm and the best answers can be viewed by Naive Bayesian ranking system.
多媒体问答系统在过去几年中变得非常流行。它允许用户通过回答给定的问题来分享他们的想法,或者从一组已回答的问题中获取信息。然而,现有的QA系统只支持文本回答,这对许多用户来说不是很有指导意义。通过添加适当的多媒体数据,可以增强用户的讨论。多媒体回答提供直观的信息,更适合图像、声音和视频。该系统包括信息集、问答分类、查询生成、多媒体数据的选择和呈现。该系统将采集文本、图像、视频、视频等各种媒体,并将其与文本答案相结合。在某种程度上,它会自动从用户那里收集信息来即兴回答。这种方法包括对答案进行排序,以选择最佳答案。多媒体问答方法通过处理大量的问答对,并将问答对添加到数据库中,为用户提供了一种通过将问答对与数据库中的问答对进行匹配来找到多媒体答案的方法。多媒体系统的有效性取决于用户回答中文本、图像、音频和视频的排序。通过语义匹配算法对用户给出的答案进行处理,并采用朴素贝叶斯排序系统对最佳答案进行排序。
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引用次数: 4
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Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research
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