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Performance of a SiPM Readout ASIC Chip MPT2321 SiPM读出ASIC芯片MPT2321的性能
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3598055
Qin Jiang;Yan Huang;Rong Zhou;Zhonghai Wang;Wei Shen
MPT2321 is a 32-channel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), featuring high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and energy resolution, along with outstanding timing performance. Particularly for single-photon signals, the chip maintains a considerably high SNR. This article describes the fundamental architecture and key performance parameters of the chip. A series of measurements was conducted to evaluate the charge and time detection performance. First, the timing jitters of the analog and analog–digital mixed parts of the chip were measured by external charge injection. Then, a single photon spectrum was acquired by irradiating the SiPM (Hamamatsu S15639-1325PS, $1.3times 1.1$ mm, and pixel pitch of $25~mu $ m) with a high-precision pulsed laser, revealing clearly distinguishable peaks. Meanwhile, factors affecting timing jitter were also analyzed. Additionally, by utilizing light emitting diode (LED) emission, the single-photon spectra of different single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sizes (25, 35, and $40~mu $ m) were presented. Finally, the energy resolution was measured to be 8.7% $pm ~0.1$ % full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 511 keV using SiPM (Hamamatsu S14160-6050HS, $6times 6$ mm) coupled with lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals ( $4times 4times 20$ mm). With time walk correction, a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of $289~pm ~6$ ps (FWHM) was achieved. Based on the results of these performance measurements, MPT2321 has been verified to be a qualified candidate for applications in several fields.
MPT2321是用于硅光电倍增管(SiPM)的32通道专用集成电路(ASIC),具有高信噪比(SNR)和能量分辨率,以及出色的时序性能。特别是对于单光子信号,芯片保持相当高的信噪比。本文介绍了该芯片的基本结构和关键性能参数。进行了一系列的测量来评估电荷和时间检测性能。首先,采用外部电荷注入法测量了芯片模拟部分和模数混合部分的时序抖动;然后,用高精度脉冲激光照射SiPM (Hamamatsu S15639-1325PS, $1.3 × 1.1$ mm,像素间距$25~mu $ m)获得单光子光谱,显示出清晰可分辨的峰。同时,分析了影响时序抖动的因素。此外,利用发光二极管(LED)发射,得到了不同尺寸单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)(25、35和$40~mu $ m)的单光子光谱。最后,利用SiPM (Hamamatsu S14160-6050HS, $6 × 6$ mm)与氧化硅酸镥钇(LYSO)晶体($4 × 4 × 20$ mm)在511 keV下测得能量分辨率为8.7% $ $ pm ~0.1$ %半最大全宽(FWHM)。经过时间行走校正后,达到了$289~ $ pm ~ $ 6 ps (FWHM)的符合时间分辨率(CTR)。基于这些性能测量的结果,MPT2321已被证明是几个领域应用的合格候选者。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Method for Simulating Transient Signals in Diamond Thermal Neutron Detectors 金刚石热中子探测器瞬态信号模拟的新方法
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3597369
Hongyun Wang;Xiaochuan Xia;Yuhao Xie;Yang Liu;Xin Tan;Zeqi Huang;Jiale Zhang;Wei Jiang;Ruirui Fan;Hongwei Liang
Neutrons have extensive applications across a wide range of fields. Diamond, with its excellent physical properties, holds great promise for neutron detection. However, the probability of thermal neutron interaction with diamond is relatively low, leading to the common use of 6LiF as a conversion layer. Beyond the inherent properties of the conversion layer, the detection efficiency of a detector is influenced not only by the spatial collection of secondary particles but also by the electrical characteristics of the device. Theoretical simulations can extract important parameters of the device and reveal significant physical processes. This article establishes a simulation framework using technology computer-aided design (TCAD), stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM), and Garfield++. The simulation process involves using Sentaurus TCAD software to model the electrical characteristics of diamond detectors, employing SRIM to accurately simulate the deposition energy interaction of charged secondary particles with diamonds, and leveraging Garfield++ to generate detector signals accurately using electrical characteristics and nuclear reaction data. By simulating the signals of both planar and trench-type microstructure detectors, the research explores the impacts of various factors, including the applied voltage, the energy of secondary particles, and the angle of incidence on the dynamic response process. The proposed coupled simulation method plays a key role in the fabrication and experimental design of thermal neutron detectors, providing crucial insights and guidance to optimize detector performance and design readout circuits.
中子在许多领域都有广泛的应用。金刚石具有优良的物理性质,在中子探测方面具有很大的前景。然而,热中子与金刚石相互作用的概率相对较低,因此通常使用6LiF作为转换层。除了转换层的固有特性外,探测器的探测效率不仅受到二次粒子空间收集的影响,还受到器件电特性的影响。理论模拟可以提取器件的重要参数,揭示重要的物理过程。本文利用计算机辅助设计(TCAD)技术、物质中离子停止与范围(SRIM)技术和Garfield++技术建立了一个仿真框架。仿真过程包括利用Sentaurus TCAD软件对金刚石探测器的电学特性进行建模,利用SRIM精确模拟带电二次粒子与金刚石的沉积能量相互作用,利用Garfield++利用电学特性和核反应数据准确生成探测器信号。通过模拟平面型和沟槽型微结构探测器的信号,探讨了外加电压、二次粒子能量、入射角等因素对动态响应过程的影响。所提出的耦合模拟方法在热中子探测器的制造和实验设计中起着关键作用,为优化探测器性能和设计读出电路提供了重要的见解和指导。
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引用次数: 0
A Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector Using Position-Sensitive SiPM Coupled to GAGG:Ce Scintillator Array 位置敏感SiPM与GAGG:Ce闪烁体阵列耦合的伽玛射线成像探测器
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3597733
Honglin Zhao;Jian Yang;Guoqiang Zeng;Fuquan Chen;Chengshuai Tian;Chuanhao Hu
Position-sensitive scintillator detectors are critical components in coded-aperture imaging and Compton imaging systems. Improving the position resolution and energy resolution of the detector is crucial for system performance. Traditional position sensitive scintillator detectors are constrained by the size of photoelectric readout devices and the number of readout channels, making it difficult to achieve both high position resolution and energy resolution at a low cost. This study presents a novel gamma-ray imaging detector that overcomes the traditional trade-off between position resolution, energy resolution, and cost. Using a high-resolution cerium-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) scintillator array ( $0.5times 0.5times 5$ mm pixels) read out by a position-sensitive silicon photomultiplier (PS-SiPM) through its four anodes, we achieved direct position reconstruction without the use of a light-sharing technique. A 137Cs source was used to test the performance of this imaging detector. It demonstrated a clear segmentation of a $10times 10$ array with 7.2% [full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM)] energy resolution for 662 keV, significantly simplifying the design of electronic readout systems.
位置敏感闪烁体探测器是编码孔径成像和康普顿成像系统的关键部件。提高探测器的位置分辨率和能量分辨率对系统性能至关重要。传统的位置敏感闪烁体探测器受到光电读出器件尺寸和读出通道数量的限制,难以以低成本同时实现高位置分辨率和能量分辨率。本研究提出了一种新的伽玛射线成像探测器,克服了传统的位置分辨率、能量分辨率和成本之间的权衡。利用位置敏感硅光电倍增管(PS-SiPM)通过其四个阳极读出的高分辨率掺铈钆铝镓石榴石(GAGG:Ce)闪烁体阵列($0.5 × 0.5 × 5$ mm像素),我们实现了直接位置重建,而无需使用光共享技术。用137Cs源测试了该成像探测器的性能。它展示了一个清晰的分割$10 × 10$阵列,能量分辨率为7.2%[全宽度半最大(FWHM)],为662 keV,显着简化了电子读出系统的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Digital-Twin of Thorium-Based Molten Salt Breeder Reactor for Closed-Loop Controller Testing Applications 基于钍基熔盐增殖反应堆闭环控制器测试应用的实时数字孪生
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3596969
Xinyu Zhao;Weiran Chen;Venkata Dinavahi
Molten salt breeder reactors (MSBRs), which utilize molten fluoride salts as both fuel and coolant, are currently being researched and designed worldwide, offering inherent safety features, efficient fuel utilization, and the potential for thorium-based fuel cycles. Given the advanced development status of MSBRs, real-time emulation is essential for dynamic analysis studies, accommodating more detailed models and advanced control strategies. This article proposes a real-time digital-twin (RTDT) based on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for a multi-domain two-fluid MSBR model with a designed controller for validation and testing. A nonlinear explicit numerical solution with an appropriate step-size and ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver is carried out in a non-iterative fashion to achieve the required accuracy and real-time execution. The MSBR hardware emulation and closed-loop controller tests have been implemented on the parallel hardware architecture of the FPGA in real-time for dynamic analysis and performance evaluation. The FPGA-based hardware emulation has achieved an ultralow latency of $2.34~mu $ s, providing a remarkable 427-fold acceleration in faster-than-real-time (FTRT) performance. The designed controller performs well under transient and steady-state operating conditions, effectively stabilizing the MSBR system under perturbations, as validated on the RTDT.
熔盐增殖反应堆(MSBRs)利用熔融氟化物盐作为燃料和冷却剂,目前正在世界范围内进行研究和设计,具有固有的安全特性、高效的燃料利用以及钍基燃料循环的潜力。鉴于msbr的先进发展状况,实时仿真对于动态分析研究至关重要,可以提供更详细的模型和先进的控制策略。本文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)硬件在环(HIL)仿真的实时数字孪生(RTDT),用于多域双流体MSBR模型,并设计了用于验证和测试的控制器。采用非迭代的方式,采用适当的步长和常微分方程(ODE)求解器进行非线性显式数值解,以达到所需的精度和实时性。在FPGA的并行硬件架构上进行了MSBR硬件仿真和闭环控制器测试,实时进行了动态分析和性能评估。基于fpga的硬件仿真实现了2.34~ $ $ s的超低延迟,提供了427倍的超实时(FTRT)性能加速。在RTDT上验证了所设计的控制器在瞬态和稳态运行条件下的良好性能,有效地稳定了MSBR系统在摄动下的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Output Feedback Stabilization of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor With Inclusion of Steam Drum Dynamics 包含汽包动力学的先进重水反应堆输出反馈稳定
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3596789
Girish Gokul;S. R. Shimjith;Bijnan Bandyopadhyay
Control of large nuclear reactors such as the advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR) is challenging owing to spatial power oscillations. Boiling of the coolant and transport via natural circulation introduce challenges in the water level control of the steam drum due to subsurface steam. Models that capture both spatial kinetics of the neutron flux and thermal hydraulics due to pressure and water level changes are essential for accurate control of power generation. This article presents a model of the AHWR that can aid in control studies. It includes the pressure and water volume in the steam drum as additional state variables to a 17-node AHWR model. It is linearized around the full-power operating point to develop a 91st-order model. Using this model, an output feedback controller is designed to regulate the reactor core dynamics in terms of the distributions of total and spatial powers. The efficacy of the controller is demonstrated through nonlinear simulations.
大型核反应堆如先进重水反应堆(AHWR)的控制由于空间功率振荡而具有挑战性。由于地下蒸汽的存在,冷却剂的沸腾和通过自然循环的运输给汽包的水位控制带来了挑战。由于压力和水位变化,捕获中子通量和热工水力空间动力学的模型对于发电的精确控制至关重要。本文提出了一个AHWR模型,可以帮助控制研究。它包括压力和汽包中的水量作为17节点AHWR模型的附加状态变量。围绕全功率工作点进行线性化,得到91阶模型。利用该模型,设计了输出反馈控制器,根据总功率和空间功率的分布来调节反应堆堆芯动力学。通过非线性仿真验证了该控制器的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Gap-Fin Design of Rotating Scatter Mask Collimator for Radiation Source Localization 一种用于辐射源定位的旋转散射掩模准直器的缝隙-翅片设计
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3596748
Yan Zhou;Zhenhua Xiong
Compared to directional radiation detection equipment, such as the gamma camera, the solution with a non-directional radiation sensor and a collimator has a lower cost and is applicable in scenes with strong radiation. Since the collimator can greatly improve the sensor’s ability to identify the direction of radiation sources, the collimator design is extremely important. In this article, aiming to address the misidentification problem of the existing Wall-Fin rotating scatter mask (RSM) collimator, a novel design (Gap-Fin) is proposed based on the optimized detector response curve (DRC). A model optimization method based on key parameters is proposed and quantitatively verified through simulations with Geant4. Simulations are also conducted to compare the optimized Gap-Fin design with the original design in scenarios with one and two sources, where different detection distances, particle energies, particle numbers, and shielding materials are used. Simulation results show that the optimized Gap-Fin design has better detection accuracy and anti-interference ability. In addition, the optimized collimator is applied to locate the radiation source both in simulation and a robot detection experiment, which shows the effectiveness of the novel collimator design in radiation source localization.
与伽马相机等定向辐射检测设备相比,采用非定向辐射传感器和准直仪的解决方案成本更低,适用于强辐射场景。由于准直器可以大大提高传感器对辐射源方向的识别能力,因此准直器的设计非常重要。针对现有壁面-翅片旋转散射掩模准直器存在的误识别问题,提出了一种基于优化的探测器响应曲线(DRC)的新型设计(Gap-Fin)。提出了一种基于关键参数的模型优化方法,并通过Geant4仿真进行了定量验证。在不同探测距离、粒子能量、粒子数和屏蔽材料的情况下,对优化后的Gap-Fin设计与原设计进行了仿真比较。仿真结果表明,优化后的Gap-Fin具有更好的检测精度和抗干扰能力。此外,将优化后的准直器应用于仿真和机器人检测实验中,验证了该准直器在辐射源定位中的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Analysis of Neutron-Gamma Pulses and Synthetic Pulse Generation for Liquid Scintillator 液体闪烁体中子-伽马脉冲的功能分析及合成脉冲的产生
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3596400
Ram Kumar Paul;Raj Bhattacherjee;Kaushik Banerjee;Sainath Bitragunta;Amitabha Das;Ayan Banerjee;Partha Dhara;Tapas Samanta;Sarbajit Pal;Daniel Cano-Ott
An innovative method is proposed to generate a realistic functional neutron and gamma pulses model for a liquid scintillator-based detector. This approach analyzed neutron and gamma pulse shapes, electronic noise, and fit the model parameters that include the intrinsic properties of the scintillator and standard deviation of the transit time of the photomultiplier tube (PMT). The synthetic data are generated using Monte-Carlo (MC)-based statistical methods from the modeled functions, energy distributions of neutrons, gammas, and electronic noise. This work emulates realistic pulses that can be used to calibrate and test scintillation detectors used in nuclear physics experiments. This synthetic data library provides realistic labeled neutron and gamma pulses for liquid scintillators and PMTs, which may be used for improving radiation detection through supervised machine learning. This study provides a comprehensive framework for neutron-gamma discrimination, synthetic data generation, and data validation.
提出了一种新颖的方法,为基于液体闪烁体的探测器生成一个真实的功能中子和伽马脉冲模型。该方法分析了中子和伽马脉冲的形状、电子噪声,并拟合了包括闪烁体固有特性和光电倍增管(PMT)过境时间标准差在内的模型参数。合成数据是利用基于蒙特卡罗(MC)的统计方法从建模函数、中子、伽马和电子噪声的能量分布中生成的。这项工作模拟了真实的脉冲,可以用来校准和测试核物理实验中使用的闪烁探测器。该合成数据库为液体闪烁体和pmt提供了真实的标记中子和伽马脉冲,可用于通过监督机器学习改进辐射检测。本研究为中子-伽马鉴别、合成数据生成和数据验证提供了一个全面的框架。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Performance of the FBCM23 ASIC for the CMS Luminosity Measurement 用于CMS光度测量的FBCM23专用集成电路的设计与性能
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3596108
J. Kaplon;G. Wegrzyn;M. Obradovic;K. Shibin
We present the design and evaluation of the FBCM23 ASIC designed for the Fast Beam Condition Monitoring (FBCM) system intended for the luminosity measurements in the upgraded CMS experiment at CERN. The ASIC is implemented in a CMOS 65 nm technology and consists of six front-end channels with a binary architecture optimized to work with $1.7times 1.7$ mm2 area and 290 or $150 ,mu $ m thick silicon sensors. The presented ASIC will replace the existing system to comply with new, challenging specifications concerning the time resolution (1 ns rms) and noise, the latter related to the expected radiation damages of the sensors located at a radius close to 14.5 cm. The expected total ionizing dose (TID) and the fluence at the end of the experiment lifetime are 200 Mrad and $2.5times 10^{15}~text {n}/text {cm}^{2}$ , 1 MeV equivalent, respectively. We present the design and a complete characterization of the ASIC, including TID irradiation, single-event upset (SEU) tests, thermal drifts, and performance of the ASIC connected to the sensor.
本文介绍了用于欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)升级版CMS实验中光度测量的快束状态监测(FBCM)系统的FBCM23 ASIC的设计和评价。ASIC采用CMOS 65纳米技术实现,由六个前端通道组成,其二进制架构经过优化,可用于1.7 × 1.7 mm2的面积和290或150 μ m厚的硅传感器。提出的ASIC将取代现有的系统,以符合新的、具有挑战性的规范,涉及时间分辨率(1ns rms)和噪声,后者与位于半径接近14.5 cm的传感器的预期辐射损伤有关。预期总电离剂量(TID)和实验寿命结束时的通量分别为200 Mrad和2.5乘以10^{15}~text {n}/text {cm}^{2}$, 1 MeV当量。我们介绍了ASIC的设计和完整的表征,包括TID辐照、单事件扰动(SEU)测试、热漂移和连接到传感器的ASIC的性能。
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引用次数: 0
FIGURES: A Versatile Readout System for High-Granularity Muography Detectors 图:一个多功能读出系统,用于高粒度图文检测器
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3595527
Shubin Liu;Yu Wang;Ting Wang;Zhihang Yao;Jianguo Liu;Changqing Feng;Zhiyong Zhang
This article presents the design and evaluation of the FIne GranUlarity detector Readout Electronics System (FIGURES), a versatile readout system developed for detectors used in muography. The system is designed to interface with tracking detectors composed of fine-grained micropattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs), processing signals from thousands of detector channels with high-performance position-sensitive readout. Its modular architecture enables adaptability across a wide range of experimental configurations. This flexibility is realized through the development of position-encoding circuits, front-end electronics cards (FECs), a data acquisition (DAQ) board, and software for real-time tracking and visualization. The position-encoding circuit multiplexes the channels from the MPGD’s output onto fewer channels on the front-end electronics board, achieving a compression ratio of up to 16:1. The FEC supports multiple configurations, using application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) such as ASIC for General Electronics for Tpc (AGET)/Second sTep AGET (STAGE) and commercial off-the-shelf components like the ADAS1128, to accommodate detectors of different types and sizes. The DAQ board interfaces with up to 32 FECs via optical fibers, aggregates data streams, and transfers them to the server while simultaneously distributing clock and trigger signals to FECs for synchronization. The performance of each component, as well as the integrated system, has been validated through experimental tests. The FIGURES enables scalable, high-resolution muon imaging with flexible front-end integration and has been successfully validated in multiple muography applications.
本文介绍了细粒度探测器读出电子系统(图)的设计和评价,这是一个多功能读出系统,为摄影中使用的探测器而开发。该系统设计用于与由细粒度微模式气体探测器(mpgd)组成的跟踪探测器接口,处理来自数千个探测器通道的信号,具有高性能的位置敏感读出。其模块化架构使其能够适应各种实验配置。这种灵活性是通过开发位置编码电路、前端电子卡(FECs)、数据采集(DAQ)板和实时跟踪和可视化软件来实现的。位置编码电路将MPGD输出的通道多路复用到前端电子板上的更少通道上,实现高达16:1的压缩比。FEC支持多种配置,使用专用集成电路(ASIC),如通用电子用于Tpc (AGET)/第二步AGET (STAGE)的ASIC和商用现成组件,如ADAS1128,以适应不同类型和尺寸的探测器。DAQ板通过光纤与多达32个fec接口,聚合数据流并将其传输到服务器,同时将时钟和触发信号分发给fec进行同步。通过实验测试,验证了各部件以及整体系统的性能。figure通过灵活的前端集成实现可扩展的高分辨率μ子成像,并已在多种摄影应用中成功验证。
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引用次数: 0
Scintillation Properties of CsCu2I3 Perovskite Single Crystal Grown by Room Temperature Solution Processing Method 室温固溶法生长ccu2i3钙钛矿单晶的闪烁特性
IF 1.9 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3595803
B. Bansal;V. Anand;Naveen Kumar Tailor;V. Ranga;Soumitra Satapathi;P. J. Sellin;Mohit Tyagi;G. Anil Kumar
Metal halide perovskites have received great interest in developing scintillator materials. Among various types of perovskites, low dimensional metal halide perovskites have high exciton binding energy and photo-luminescence quantum yield (PLQY), making them suitable for X-ray and $gamma $ -ray detection. In this work, we report the growth and characterization (structural and optical) of 1-D CsCu2I3 single crystal (SC). The SC was grown using the solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The crystal exhibits an orthorhombic structure with Cmcm space group. The optical characterizations show a yellow photoluminescence (PL) with a large Stoke’s shift (~230 nm) that originate from self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the addition of oleic acid (OA) prevents the oxidation of Cu+. Further, we coupled the SC with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to study the scintillation properties. The grown crystal has been characterized for light output, energy resolution, linearity, and non-proportionality. The CsCu2I3 SC grown for this study exhibits a comparable light output of ~20000 ph/MeV to those grown using inverse temperature crystallization (ITC), as reported in the literature. However, the energy resolution reported in this study (11.57% at 662 keV) is better than the values reported for ITC-grown crystals in the literature. GEANT4 simulation toolkit has been used to perform the simulations, and the simulated intrinsic photopeak efficiencies for different volumes of CsCu2I3 scintillator have been obtained and compared with NaI:Tl and bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators.
金属卤化物钙钛矿在开发闪烁体材料方面受到了极大的关注。在各类钙钛矿中,低维金属卤化物钙钛矿具有较高的激子结合能和光致发光量子产率(PLQY),适用于x射线和γ射线探测。在这项工作中,我们报道了一维ccu2i3单晶的生长和表征(结构和光学)。采用溶剂蒸发法在室温下培养SC。该晶体具有具有Cmcm空间群的正交结构。光学表征表明,由于自捕获激子(STE)发射,产生了具有大斯托克位移(~230 nm)的黄色光致发光(PL)。x射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,油酸(OA)的加入阻止了Cu+的氧化。此外,我们将SC与硅光电倍增管(SiPM)耦合以研究其闪烁特性。生长的晶体具有光输出,能量分辨率,线性和非比例性的特征。本研究中生长的CsCu2I3 SC与文献中报道的使用逆温度结晶(ITC)生长的CsCu2I3 SC具有~20000 ph/MeV的可比光输出。然而,本研究中报道的能量分辨率(在662 keV时为11.57%)优于文献中报道的icc生长晶体的值。利用GEANT4仿真工具包进行了模拟,得到了不同体积CsCu2I3闪烁体的本禀光峰效率,并与NaI:Tl和BGO闪烁体进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
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