Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3630727
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3630727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3630727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 11","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11249807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3626242
Ricardo Lopez;Phil Kerr;Vladimir V. Mozin;Shaun D. Clarke;Sara A. Pozzi
Modern nuclear safeguards require detection and characterization capabilities suitable for a wide variety of radiation sources and applications. Field-deployable detection systems have also had to modernize to meet changing needs. Recent developments in organic scintillator technology have resulted in the creation of an organic glass scintillator (OGS) at Sandia National Laboratory which is composed of a 9:1 mixture of glass compounds C42H36Si and C51H44Si. The novel scintillator composition was implemented into the design for a dual-particle capable imaging system at the University of Michigan. This work presents new results from two experiments demonstrating the gamma-ray and fast-neutron imaging capabilities of the organic glass system. Gamma spectroscopy was also performed using CeBr3 scintillators that are part of the imager design. Measurements were performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using 232Th metal hemishells and an encapsulated 244Cm oxide source. Successful gamma-ray imaging of the 232Th distributed sources is demonstrated with the glass imager, but there were no appreciable neutrons from the 232Th for neutron imaging. Promising neutron and gamma-ray imaging results of 244Cm are demonstrated despite limited imaging event statistics available in this measurement. Gamma-ray spectroscopy results were able to identify 232Th using prominent emissions at 239, 338, 583, and 911 keV. 244Cm was identified from emissions of 43, 99, and 153 keV. These results demonstrate the potential of organic glass imaging for nuclear nonproliferation or characterization efforts.
{"title":"Neutron and Gamma-Ray Imaging of Th-232 and Cm-244 Using Organic Glass Scintillators","authors":"Ricardo Lopez;Phil Kerr;Vladimir V. Mozin;Shaun D. Clarke;Sara A. Pozzi","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3626242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3626242","url":null,"abstract":"Modern nuclear safeguards require detection and characterization capabilities suitable for a wide variety of radiation sources and applications. Field-deployable detection systems have also had to modernize to meet changing needs. Recent developments in organic scintillator technology have resulted in the creation of an organic glass scintillator (OGS) at Sandia National Laboratory which is composed of a 9:1 mixture of glass compounds C<sub>42</sub>H<sub>36</sub>Si and C<sub>51</sub>H<sub>44</sub>Si. The novel scintillator composition was implemented into the design for a dual-particle capable imaging system at the University of Michigan. This work presents new results from two experiments demonstrating the gamma-ray and fast-neutron imaging capabilities of the organic glass system. Gamma spectroscopy was also performed using CeBr<sub>3</sub> scintillators that are part of the imager design. Measurements were performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using <sup>232</sup>Th metal hemishells and an encapsulated <sup>244</sup>Cm oxide source. Successful gamma-ray imaging of the <sup>232</sup>Th distributed sources is demonstrated with the glass imager, but there were no appreciable neutrons from the <sup>232</sup>Th for neutron imaging. Promising neutron and gamma-ray imaging results of <sup>244</sup>Cm are demonstrated despite limited imaging event statistics available in this measurement. Gamma-ray spectroscopy results were able to identify <sup>232</sup>Th using prominent emissions at 239, 338, 583, and 911 keV. <sup>244</sup>Cm was identified from emissions of 43, 99, and 153 keV. These results demonstrate the potential of organic glass imaging for nuclear nonproliferation or characterization efforts.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 12","pages":"3835-3840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11218934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3619787
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3619787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3619787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 10","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11216071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3624244
Danyang Huang;Xiaolong Zhao;Shuwen Guo;Xianghe Fu;Peiwen Cui;Sien Ye;Zixia Yu;Yongning He
This study presents the results of X-ray detection using a 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) n-p-n bipolar phototransistor detector (PTD) with floating base configuration. The PTD’s internal gain amplifies the primary photocurrent generated in the base–collector junction, thereby significantly enhancing the detector’s response current without requiring a thick sensitive layer. The PTD delivers a stable sensitivity of $1.074times 10^{3}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}$ cm−2 at 5-V bias. Furthermore, the gain can be modulated by changing the bias voltage, since the gain of the PTD is related to the neutral base width, which is a function of the bias voltage. A maximum sensitivity of $1.838times 10^{4}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}cdot text {cm}^{-2}$ can be obtained with a bias voltage of 20 V. These results demonstrate that the internal gain mechanism in 4H-SiC n-p-n structures substantially enhances the sensitivity of the detector even without the help of a thick sensitive layer, establishing a new approach for high-performance X-ray imaging detectors.
本研究介绍了采用浮动基型4h -碳化硅（SiC） n-p-n双极光电晶体管探测器（PTD）进行x射线检测的结果。PTD的内部增益放大了在基极-集电极结中产生的初级光电流，从而显著提高了探测器的响应电流，而不需要厚的敏感层。该PTD在5v偏置下提供了1.074 × 10^{3}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}$ cm−2的稳定灵敏度。此外，增益可以通过改变偏置电压来调制，因为PTD的增益与中性基宽有关，而中性基宽是偏置电压的函数。在20 V的偏置电压下，可获得$1.838 × 10^{4}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}cdot text {cm}^{-2}$的最大灵敏度。这些结果表明，即使没有厚敏感层的帮助，4H-SiC n-p-n结构的内部增益机制也大大提高了探测器的灵敏度，为高性能x射线成像探测器建立了新的途径。
{"title":"Ultrahigh-Sensitivity X-Ray Detectors Based on 4H-SiC n-p-n Structure","authors":"Danyang Huang;Xiaolong Zhao;Shuwen Guo;Xianghe Fu;Peiwen Cui;Sien Ye;Zixia Yu;Yongning He","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3624244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3624244","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of X-ray detection using a 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) n-p-n bipolar phototransistor detector (PTD) with floating base configuration. The PTD’s internal gain amplifies the primary photocurrent generated in the base–collector junction, thereby significantly enhancing the detector’s response current without requiring a thick sensitive layer. The PTD delivers a stable sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.074times 10^{3}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm<sup>−2</sup> at 5-V bias. Furthermore, the gain can be modulated by changing the bias voltage, since the gain of the PTD is related to the neutral base width, which is a function of the bias voltage. A maximum sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.838times 10^{4}~mu text {C}cdot text {Gy}^{-1}cdot text {cm}^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be obtained with a bias voltage of 20 V. These results demonstrate that the internal gain mechanism in 4H-SiC n-p-n structures substantially enhances the sensitivity of the detector even without the help of a thick sensitive layer, establishing a new approach for high-performance X-ray imaging detectors.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 11","pages":"3598-3602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3624815
Zhengtao Long;Xiaofei Jiang
Compton cameras serve as important tools for gamma-ray imaging. However, traditional 3-D reconstruction methods employ stringent event selection criteria that utilize only approximately 0.05% of all detected events in typical camera configurations. This low utilization rate leads to poor image quality in low-statistics scenarios. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a new physics-constrained deep learning method (PC-DLM) for 3-D imaging with a Compton camera based on a deep learning algorithm and a Transformer neural network. The algorithm is trained and validated on simulated data. Geant4 simulated dataset validation demonstrates that in the camera configuration of this article, the PC-DLM outperforms both traditional and existing deep learning algorithms in terms of localization accuracy, shape, and intensity restoration for 3-D reconstruction. In particular, it exhibits low mean square error (mse), high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM) compared to simple backprojection (SBP), maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), and three-dimensional u-shaped network (3D-UNet) in a low-statistics scenario with $N =100$ . This article demonstrates the ability of deep learning to accurately localize and recover the 3-D spatial distribution of radiation sources in low-statistics Compton data.
{"title":"A Physics-Constrained Deep Learning Method for Compton Cameras 3-D Imaging","authors":"Zhengtao Long;Xiaofei Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3624815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3624815","url":null,"abstract":"Compton cameras serve as important tools for gamma-ray imaging. However, traditional 3-D reconstruction methods employ stringent event selection criteria that utilize only approximately 0.05% of all detected events in typical camera configurations. This low utilization rate leads to poor image quality in low-statistics scenarios. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a new physics-constrained deep learning method (PC-DLM) for 3-D imaging with a Compton camera based on a deep learning algorithm and a Transformer neural network. The algorithm is trained and validated on simulated data. Geant4 simulated dataset validation demonstrates that in the camera configuration of this article, the PC-DLM outperforms both traditional and existing deep learning algorithms in terms of localization accuracy, shape, and intensity restoration for 3-D reconstruction. In particular, it exhibits low mean square error (mse), high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM) compared to simple backprojection (SBP), maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), and three-dimensional u-shaped network (3D-UNet) in a low-statistics scenario with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N =100$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This article demonstrates the ability of deep learning to accurately localize and recover the 3-D spatial distribution of radiation sources in low-statistics Compton data.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"223-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3622586
Kang Wang;Yunpeng Liu;Xiushan Wang;Menglai Tao;Xiaobin Tang
In this study, a compact high-frequency pulsed X-ray tube based on carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission was developed. A high-adhesion CNT cathode electron emitter was fabricated using an optimized slurry method and a grooved metal substrate, resulting in improved emission stability. The cathode exhibited a turn-on field of 1.78 V/$mu $ m, a field enhancement factor of 6014, and current fluctuations of less than 4% after conditioning. A miniature X-ray tube prototype with a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 47 mm was built in a dynamic vacuum environment. The pulse characteristics, imaging performance, and X-ray communication capabilities are all evaluated. The prototype achieved an amplitude-frequency response bandwidth of 1.05 MHz at 3 dB. The imaging showed a minimum focal spot size (FSS) of $0.879times 1.153$ mm, and high-speed imaging confirmed motion artifact suppression at pulse widths down to $300~mu $ s. Reliable X-ray data transmission was demonstrated at data rates ranging from 1 to 6 Mbps, with PRBS7 encoding and bit error rates (BERs) below $10^{-3}$ . These results highlight the device’s potential for high-speed imaging, low-dose diagnostics, and X-ray communication.
{"title":"Preparation and Testing of a Miniature High-Frequency Pulsed X-Ray Tube Based on Carbon Nanotube Cold Cathode","authors":"Kang Wang;Yunpeng Liu;Xiushan Wang;Menglai Tao;Xiaobin Tang","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3622586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3622586","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a compact high-frequency pulsed X-ray tube based on carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission was developed. A high-adhesion CNT cathode electron emitter was fabricated using an optimized slurry method and a grooved metal substrate, resulting in improved emission stability. The cathode exhibited a turn-on field of 1.78 V/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, a field enhancement factor of 6014, and current fluctuations of less than 4% after conditioning. A miniature X-ray tube prototype with a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 47 mm was built in a dynamic vacuum environment. The pulse characteristics, imaging performance, and X-ray communication capabilities are all evaluated. The prototype achieved an amplitude-frequency response bandwidth of 1.05 MHz at 3 dB. The imaging showed a minimum focal spot size (FSS) of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.879times 1.153$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, and high-speed imaging confirmed motion artifact suppression at pulse widths down to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$300~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s. Reliable X-ray data transmission was demonstrated at data rates ranging from 1 to 6 Mbps, with PRBS7 encoding and bit error rates (BERs) below <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These results highlight the device’s potential for high-speed imaging, low-dose diagnostics, and X-ray communication.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 11","pages":"3561-3567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3614881
E. A. Schneider;T. E. Maurer;K. L. Meagher;S. D. Clarke;P. L. Feng;S. A. Pozzi
Organic glass scintillators (OGSs) are useful tools in nuclear engineering for their ability to detect both fast neutrons and gamma rays. However, over time, this material can undergo recrystallization which can impact detection efficiency and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities. An understanding of such changes is necessary for long-term applications of these materials. The University of Michigan Scintillator Laboratory is equipped with capabilities to melt-cast Sandia National Laboratories’ small-molecule OGSs. Fifteen $6.35times ~6.35times 6.35$ mm3 OGS cube scintillators were melt-cast from OGS powder. Half of these were exposed to $50~^{circ }$ C for 448 h to induce surface crystallization through accelerated aging. PVA coatings were used to help slow this process in several of these scintillators. Using the same readout and electronic system of a DT5730S CAEN digitizer and a 7.62-cm diameter photomultiplier tube, we measured a Cf-252 source with each cube individually to evaluate their PSD capabilities. These measurements showed less than a 6% decrease in light output across all samples following aging. PSD capabilities are not greatly impacted with an average percent change of figure of merit in the 0.25–0.75-MeVee energy range.
{"title":"Assessing Age Effects on Pulse Shape Discrimination Capabilities of Organic Glass Scintillators","authors":"E. A. Schneider;T. E. Maurer;K. L. Meagher;S. D. Clarke;P. L. Feng;S. A. Pozzi","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3614881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3614881","url":null,"abstract":"Organic glass scintillators (OGSs) are useful tools in nuclear engineering for their ability to detect both fast neutrons and gamma rays. However, over time, this material can undergo recrystallization which can impact detection efficiency and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities. An understanding of such changes is necessary for long-term applications of these materials. The University of Michigan Scintillator Laboratory is equipped with capabilities to melt-cast Sandia National Laboratories’ small-molecule OGSs. Fifteen <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.35times ~6.35times 6.35$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup> OGS cube scintillators were melt-cast from OGS powder. Half of these were exposed to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C for 448 h to induce surface crystallization through accelerated aging. PVA coatings were used to help slow this process in several of these scintillators. Using the same readout and electronic system of a DT5730S CAEN digitizer and a 7.62-cm diameter photomultiplier tube, we measured a Cf-252 source with each cube individually to evaluate their PSD capabilities. These measurements showed less than a 6% decrease in light output across all samples following aging. PSD capabilities are not greatly impacted with an average percent change of figure of merit in the 0.25–0.75-MeVee energy range.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 12","pages":"3830-3834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we subjected reverse-bias $beta $ -Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) to 473-MeV Kr heavy ion irradiation. The results show that heavy ion irradiation under reverse bias conditions causes degradation of the Schottky interface and increases the resistivity of the bulk region. The notable rise in leakage current after irradiation is associated with the formation of E$2^{ast } $ ($E_{C}-0.71$ eV) and E3 ($E_{C}-1.03$ eV) traps near the Schottky interface. The proliferation of these traps causes a shift in the charge carrier transport mechanism from Poole–Frenkel (P–F) emission before irradiation to trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) after irradiation. This change in emission mechanism is a key factor driving the increased leakage current in $beta $ -Ga2O3 SBDs, ultimately leading to single-event burnout (SEB) under heavy ion irradiation. These results highlight the urgent need for further research into the radiation tolerance of $beta $ -Ga2O3 devices and the development of design strategies to enhance the resilience of $beta $ -Ga2O3 SBDs in space environments.
{"title":"Trap-Induced Leakage Current Increase in β-Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes Under 473-MeV Kr Ion Irradiation","authors":"Zhengliang Zhang;Xinao Lin;Tianqi Wang;Chaoming Liu;Jianli Liu;Lei Shu;Yi Sun;Mingxue Huo;Liyi Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3620821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3620821","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we subjected reverse-bias <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) to 473-MeV Kr heavy ion irradiation. The results show that heavy ion irradiation under reverse bias conditions causes degradation of the Schottky interface and increases the resistivity of the bulk region. The notable rise in leakage current after irradiation is associated with the formation of E<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2^{ast } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$E_{C}-0.71$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV) and E3 (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$E_{C}-1.03$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV) traps near the Schottky interface. The proliferation of these traps causes a shift in the charge carrier transport mechanism from Poole–Frenkel (P–F) emission before irradiation to trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) after irradiation. This change in emission mechanism is a key factor driving the increased leakage current in <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> SBDs, ultimately leading to single-event burnout (SEB) under heavy ion irradiation. These results highlight the urgent need for further research into the radiation tolerance of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> devices and the development of design strategies to enhance the resilience of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> SBDs in space environments.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 11","pages":"3543-3550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alpha-emitting actinides pose critical environmental risks due to their high ionizing potential and potential for internal exposure via aerosol inhalation. However, conventional detection methods are constrained by the short attenuation length of $alpha $ -rays (<5> $alpha $ -imaging by exploiting nitrogen–oxygen radioluminescence in air. A lens-coupled single-photon detection system was developed, integrating the Galilean telescope-optimized optical assembly with Monte Carlo-based numerical integration modeling to refine the mechanistic understanding of radioluminescence photon distribution in scanned images. Our innovation achieves a 328% enhancement in photon collection efficiency and reduces measurement time by 2.78 times through optimized optical design and Monte Carlo-driven signal calibration, enabled by the fully simulated 2-D scanning system for radioluminescence imaging. More importantly, experimental validation using 239Pu sources demonstrates sub-1.5% relative error in mapping complex “C”-shaped contamination patterns through improved image reconstruction algorithms, with a spatial resolution of 0.031 m2. The adaptive efficiency calibration algorithm further enables real-time quantification of surface activity under variable scanning angles by optimizing the translation from raw scan data to contamination maps, addressing critical limitations in nuclear emergency response by enabling rapid, noncontact contamination mapping, and establishing a framework for high-precision actinide monitoring in decommissioning scenarios.
{"title":"Standoff α-Radioactive Contamination Imaging via Enhanced Radioluminescence Detection","authors":"Zeqian Wu;Mei Xu;Qingbo Wang;Biao Yuan;Sheng Qi;Weiqi Huang;Jiangfeng Wu;Yonghong Wang;Kun Shan;Zhiling Hou;Jinxing Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TNS.2025.3620131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2025.3620131","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha-emitting actinides pose critical environmental risks due to their high ionizing potential and potential for internal exposure via aerosol inhalation. However, conventional detection methods are constrained by the short attenuation length of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rays (<5> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-imaging by exploiting nitrogen–oxygen radioluminescence in air. A lens-coupled single-photon detection system was developed, integrating the Galilean telescope-optimized optical assembly with Monte Carlo-based numerical integration modeling to refine the mechanistic understanding of radioluminescence photon distribution in scanned images. Our innovation achieves a 328% enhancement in photon collection efficiency and reduces measurement time by 2.78 times through optimized optical design and Monte Carlo-driven signal calibration, enabled by the fully simulated 2-D scanning system for radioluminescence imaging. More importantly, experimental validation using <sup>239</sup>Pu sources demonstrates sub-1.5% relative error in mapping complex “C”-shaped contamination patterns through improved image reconstruction algorithms, with a spatial resolution of 0.031 m<sup>2</sup>. The adaptive efficiency calibration algorithm further enables real-time quantification of surface activity under variable scanning angles by optimizing the translation from raw scan data to contamination maps, addressing critical limitations in nuclear emergency response by enabling rapid, noncontact contamination mapping, and establishing a framework for high-precision actinide monitoring in decommissioning scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13406,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","volume":"72 11","pages":"3568-3577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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