Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of nano-based curcumin-chitosan-aloe vera, an indigenously prepared healing agent, for treatment of aseptic surgical wounds in clinical canine cases presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. Methods: The wounds were assigned into two therapeutic regimens, application of nano-based healing agent and mupirocin to the test and control group respectively as topical therapy along with parenteral antibiotics as per standard operative procedure (SOP). Results were statistically analyzed, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test (parametric) and kruskal-wallis one way ANOVA test (non parametric). Result: Chitosan-curcumin-aloevera based healing agent resulted in early reduction of wound exudates and cast formation than control group. Time of appearance and filling of wound bed by granulation tissue was significantly better in test group than control group. Early appearance of epithelium and the percentage of wounds with epithelium were also higher in test group than control group. Histological and histo-chemical findings on day 14 after surgery suggested less inflammatory reaction, more fibroblasts and neo-vascularisation, wider and compact granulation tissue in test group than control group. The values of clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters remained within the normal physiological limits without any significant difference. The average duration taken for complete healing in test and control groups was 9 and 14 days respectively without any sign of infection during the treatment period.
{"title":"Study of Effectiveness of Curcumin-Chitosan-Aloe Vera Healing Agent with Mupirocin for the Treatment of Aseptic Wounds in Dogs","authors":"Jasobanta Pradhan, Jayakrushna Das, Santosh Kumar Kar, Bansidhar Mulia, Biswabandita Kar, Benudhar Mahanand, Ritun Patra, M. Senapati","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-4988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-4988","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of nano-based curcumin-chitosan-aloe vera, an indigenously prepared healing agent, for treatment of aseptic surgical wounds in clinical canine cases presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. Methods: The wounds were assigned into two therapeutic regimens, application of nano-based healing agent and mupirocin to the test and control group respectively as topical therapy along with parenteral antibiotics as per standard operative procedure (SOP). Results were statistically analyzed, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test (parametric) and kruskal-wallis one way ANOVA test (non parametric). Result: Chitosan-curcumin-aloevera based healing agent resulted in early reduction of wound exudates and cast formation than control group. Time of appearance and filling of wound bed by granulation tissue was significantly better in test group than control group. Early appearance of epithelium and the percentage of wounds with epithelium were also higher in test group than control group. Histological and histo-chemical findings on day 14 after surgery suggested less inflammatory reaction, more fibroblasts and neo-vascularisation, wider and compact granulation tissue in test group than control group. The values of clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters remained within the normal physiological limits without any significant difference. The average duration taken for complete healing in test and control groups was 9 and 14 days respectively without any sign of infection during the treatment period.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Al-Mekhlafi, O. Al-Zahrani, M. Al-Khalifa, A. Al-Qahtni
Background: Buried carrion can help in forensic investigation cases in determining the post-burial-interval (PBI), movement of the body or hiding of the crime. The current study aims to determine the succession of ant species on rabbit carcass buried in an outdoor habitat of the King Saud University, Western Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In the present study, twelve rabbits were buried at 20 cm and twelve at 40 cm in two different periods. After 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 days, one cadaver from each depth was unearthed. Results: We have found 8 species of Formicidae, 4 types at a depth of 20 cm and two types only at a depth of 40 cm in the first period, while two types were found at a depth of 20 cm and one type only at 40 cm in the second period of the experiment. In the first period of the experiment, Cataglyphis holgerseni (Formicinae) and Cardiocondyla sp. (Myrmicinae) were the most prevalent species at depths of 20 cm and 40 cm, respectively; however, in the exposed carcasses, Messor ebeninus (Myrmicinae) predominated in both study periods. While no specie dominated the buried bodies in the second phase, as the numbers were very few in the second period on buried carcasses. In this study, many Formicidae species that correlate to different stages of corpse decomposition that were previously unknown from buried bodies in Saudi Arabia were recorded. Therefore, it is important and may have consequences in medicolegal issues.
{"title":"Formicidae Faunal Succession on Buried Rabbit Carcass: Implications for Forensic Entomology","authors":"F. Al-Mekhlafi, O. Al-Zahrani, M. Al-Khalifa, A. Al-Qahtni","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1679","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Buried carrion can help in forensic investigation cases in determining the post-burial-interval (PBI), movement of the body or hiding of the crime. The current study aims to determine the succession of ant species on rabbit carcass buried in an outdoor habitat of the King Saud University, Western Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In the present study, twelve rabbits were buried at 20 cm and twelve at 40 cm in two different periods. After 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 days, one cadaver from each depth was unearthed. Results: We have found 8 species of Formicidae, 4 types at a depth of 20 cm and two types only at a depth of 40 cm in the first period, while two types were found at a depth of 20 cm and one type only at 40 cm in the second period of the experiment. In the first period of the experiment, Cataglyphis holgerseni (Formicinae) and Cardiocondyla sp. (Myrmicinae) were the most prevalent species at depths of 20 cm and 40 cm, respectively; however, in the exposed carcasses, Messor ebeninus (Myrmicinae) predominated in both study periods. While no specie dominated the buried bodies in the second phase, as the numbers were very few in the second period on buried carcasses. In this study, many Formicidae species that correlate to different stages of corpse decomposition that were previously unknown from buried bodies in Saudi Arabia were recorded. Therefore, it is important and may have consequences in medicolegal issues.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gupta, S. Kumar, M. Balagangatharathilagar, N. Krishnaveni, V. Prabaharan, S. G. Kumar, R. Thangathurai
Background: Sex hormone dermatoses are uncommon in dog and causes overproduction of one or more of the sex hormones or exogenous administration. Ovarian cyst-induced hyperestrogenemia increased cortisol, hypertestosteronemia, and skin lesions mostly underwent undiagnosed and untreated. This case was documented as clinical pathological changes, diagnosis, and treatment of sex hormone imbalance-induced dermatosis due to an ovarian follicular cyst in a Labrador Retriever bitch. Methods: This clinical investigation was carried out in the month of April’2022 at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with a history of prolonged proestrus bleeding, perineal pruritus with reddening, swelling, and enlargement of the vulva. Vaginal exfoliative cytology, hormonal assay, ultrasonography, histopathology of skin, and haemato-biochemistry were performed. Result: Physical examination revealed hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratinization of the skin. Vaginal exfoliative cytology and progesterone assay revealed cytological estrus. Ultrasonography revealed greater than 10 mm-sized anechoic structures in both ovaries along with uterine endometrial hyperplasia. Hormonal analysis revealed hyperestrogenemia and increased cortisol and testosterone. A biopsy of the perineal skin revealed hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The case was confirmed as sex hormone imbalance-induced dermatosis due to an ovarian follicular cyst. The animal was treated with two shots of Inj. hCG 500IU in 48 hrs interval followed by OHE after three months.
{"title":"Successful Management of Follicular Cyst-induced Dermatoses in a Labrador Retriever Dog","authors":"C. Gupta, S. Kumar, M. Balagangatharathilagar, N. Krishnaveni, V. Prabaharan, S. G. Kumar, R. Thangathurai","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sex hormone dermatoses are uncommon in dog and causes overproduction of one or more of the sex hormones or exogenous administration. Ovarian cyst-induced hyperestrogenemia increased cortisol, hypertestosteronemia, and skin lesions mostly underwent undiagnosed and untreated. This case was documented as clinical pathological changes, diagnosis, and treatment of sex hormone imbalance-induced dermatosis due to an ovarian follicular cyst in a Labrador Retriever bitch. Methods: This clinical investigation was carried out in the month of April’2022 at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with a history of prolonged proestrus bleeding, perineal pruritus with reddening, swelling, and enlargement of the vulva. Vaginal exfoliative cytology, hormonal assay, ultrasonography, histopathology of skin, and haemato-biochemistry were performed. Result: Physical examination revealed hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratinization of the skin. Vaginal exfoliative cytology and progesterone assay revealed cytological estrus. Ultrasonography revealed greater than 10 mm-sized anechoic structures in both ovaries along with uterine endometrial hyperplasia. Hormonal analysis revealed hyperestrogenemia and increased cortisol and testosterone. A biopsy of the perineal skin revealed hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. The case was confirmed as sex hormone imbalance-induced dermatosis due to an ovarian follicular cyst. The animal was treated with two shots of Inj. hCG 500IU in 48 hrs interval followed by OHE after three months.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yasmin, S.A. Begum, S.R. Pegu, S.M. Gogoi, R. Nath, B. Dutta, M. Buragohain
Background: Among various diseases, respiratory disease is considered a leading cause of mortality in pigs. Streptococcus suis affects respiratory tract and causes pneumonia as an opportunistic pathogen, that impairs animal health and lowers individual and herd performance in swine. Therefore, it becomes important to have an insight of bacterial pneumonia with special reference to Streptococcus suis in pig, so that control measures could be practiced effectively. Methods: Detailed post mortem examination was carried out on 180 pigs. Bacterial isolation was carried out from 127 (70.55%) lungs samples with pneumonic lesions. Further, suspected colonies of S. suis were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the positive S. suis samples. Results: Bacteria isolated were Pasteurella multocida (34.44%), S. suis (28.89%), E. coli (16.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (14.44%), Klebsiella spp. (3.33%) and Salmonella spp. (2.22%). Out of 26 suspected S. suis colonies subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction, 17 isolates with amplicon size 688 bp were confirmed to be positive for glutamate dehydrogenase gene. The Phylogenetic analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase gene of S. suis from pigs of Assam showed percent identity above 99% with Germany, Canada and China strain of S. suis.
{"title":"Molecular Detection and Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolated from Pneumonic Lungs of Pigs","authors":"S. Yasmin, S.A. Begum, S.R. Pegu, S.M. Gogoi, R. Nath, B. Dutta, M. Buragohain","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5040","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among various diseases, respiratory disease is considered a leading cause of mortality in pigs. Streptococcus suis affects respiratory tract and causes pneumonia as an opportunistic pathogen, that impairs animal health and lowers individual and herd performance in swine. Therefore, it becomes important to have an insight of bacterial pneumonia with special reference to Streptococcus suis in pig, so that control measures could be practiced effectively. Methods: Detailed post mortem examination was carried out on 180 pigs. Bacterial isolation was carried out from 127 (70.55%) lungs samples with pneumonic lesions. Further, suspected colonies of S. suis were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the positive S. suis samples. Results: Bacteria isolated were Pasteurella multocida (34.44%), S. suis (28.89%), E. coli (16.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (14.44%), Klebsiella spp. (3.33%) and Salmonella spp. (2.22%). Out of 26 suspected S. suis colonies subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction, 17 isolates with amplicon size 688 bp were confirmed to be positive for glutamate dehydrogenase gene. The Phylogenetic analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase gene of S. suis from pigs of Assam showed percent identity above 99% with Germany, Canada and China strain of S. suis.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135520892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: We aimed to investigate the role of microglia in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by using the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) axotomy model, one of the animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot assays on rats sacrificed 7, 14, and 28 days after the axotomy of their MFB to study tissue immune responses. Animal sacrifice was performed 30 minutes prior to injection of hydroethidine into the abdominal cavity to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in the brain tissue and the characteristics of cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Result: Using OX42 and OX6 antibodies, excessive activation of microglia occurred in the surgical site of the substantia nigra on 7 days after the procedure. Activated microglia were still present and clustered even in the 14-day and 28-day groups, although their reactivity had slightly decreased compared to the 7-day group. These cells showed strong immunopositive reactions to ED1, indicating that they were actively engaged in phagocytic activity. Many activated microglia showing positive immunofluorescence staining for OX6 also expressed ethidium fluorescence, indicating that these cells were actively generating and secreting ROS.
{"title":"Medial Forebrain Bundle Axotomy Induced Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration is Accompanied with Microglial Activation","authors":"Gyu-Ri Kim, Dae-Yong Song, Yoon-Jung Choy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1674","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aimed to investigate the role of microglia in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by using the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) axotomy model, one of the animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot assays on rats sacrificed 7, 14, and 28 days after the axotomy of their MFB to study tissue immune responses. Animal sacrifice was performed 30 minutes prior to injection of hydroethidine into the abdominal cavity to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in the brain tissue and the characteristics of cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Result: Using OX42 and OX6 antibodies, excessive activation of microglia occurred in the surgical site of the substantia nigra on 7 days after the procedure. Activated microglia were still present and clustered even in the 14-day and 28-day groups, although their reactivity had slightly decreased compared to the 7-day group. These cells showed strong immunopositive reactions to ED1, indicating that they were actively engaged in phagocytic activity. Many activated microglia showing positive immunofluorescence staining for OX6 also expressed ethidium fluorescence, indicating that these cells were actively generating and secreting ROS.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Feed additives are used for different purposes and include different substances. Recently, the feed additive potential of aromatic plants has been frequently investigated. β-glucosidases are used as feed additive enzymes to increase nutritional value. This study was carried out to determine the biochemical properties of Oregano onites L. β-glucosidase in terms of expected biochemical properties from feed additive enzymes. Methods: Oregano β-glucosidase was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme was checked the purity on SDS-PAGE. The biochemical properties (optimal pH and temperature, thermal stability, glucose and alcohol tolerance) of the purified enzyme were determined using para-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Results: Oregano β-glucosidase was purified 23.15-fold with a yield of 8.2%. The purified enzyme was visualised as a single band at 65.7 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had maximum activity at pH 4.0 and 45 °C and retained over 50% activity at pH 4-7. The enzyme maintained up to 50% of its activity after 60 minutes of incubation at 400C, 500C, and 60°C. The effect of glucose on the purified enzyme was determined by finding the relative activity at different glucose concentrations. When the glucose concentration in the reaction medium was 0.6 M, the relative activity was 52%, and the enzyme showed a high tolerance to glucose. The enzyme was also found to be tolerant to alcohol. The enzyme's high activity at acidic pH, its ability to maintain its activity for a long time, and its tolerance to glucose and alcohol make the enzyme valuable. β-glucosidase of Origanum onites L. used as a feed additive was purified for the first time and some biochemical properties were determined. It showed it’s biochemical properties similar to exogenous enzymes recommended as feed additives. Therefore, the results of this study provide information supporting the use of oregano as a feed additive.
{"title":"Biochemical Properties of Oregano b-Glucosidase Supports Origanum Onites L. as a Feed Additive","authors":"H. Kara","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1673","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Feed additives are used for different purposes and include different substances. Recently, the feed additive potential of aromatic plants has been frequently investigated. β-glucosidases are used as feed additive enzymes to increase nutritional value. This study was carried out to determine the biochemical properties of Oregano onites L. β-glucosidase in terms of expected biochemical properties from feed additive enzymes. Methods: Oregano β-glucosidase was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme was checked the purity on SDS-PAGE. The biochemical properties (optimal pH and temperature, thermal stability, glucose and alcohol tolerance) of the purified enzyme were determined using para-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Results: Oregano β-glucosidase was purified 23.15-fold with a yield of 8.2%. The purified enzyme was visualised as a single band at 65.7 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had maximum activity at pH 4.0 and 45 °C and retained over 50% activity at pH 4-7. The enzyme maintained up to 50% of its activity after 60 minutes of incubation at 400C, 500C, and 60°C. The effect of glucose on the purified enzyme was determined by finding the relative activity at different glucose concentrations. When the glucose concentration in the reaction medium was 0.6 M, the relative activity was 52%, and the enzyme showed a high tolerance to glucose. The enzyme was also found to be tolerant to alcohol. The enzyme's high activity at acidic pH, its ability to maintain its activity for a long time, and its tolerance to glucose and alcohol make the enzyme valuable. β-glucosidase of Origanum onites L. used as a feed additive was purified for the first time and some biochemical properties were determined. It showed it’s biochemical properties similar to exogenous enzymes recommended as feed additives. Therefore, the results of this study provide information supporting the use of oregano as a feed additive.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49434704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agyey Pusp, A. Kumari, R. Tiwary, B. Kumar, M. R. Ansaari, Rajesh Kumar, Bhavna .
Background: Combination of glycopyrrolate, butorphanol, xylazine as premedication and induction with propofol and maintenance with ketamine, propofol and propofol mixtures (Ketofol 1:1) as constant rate infusion (CRI) would have the ability to maintain better hemodynamic and reduce the dose of general anesthesia for maintenance. This technique once gets standardized; it may transfer to field veterinarians for elective ovariectomy under a routine animal birth control programme (ABC) for safe handling of canines. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate haemodynamic and haemato-biochemical changes with Ketamine, Propofol and Ketofol as CRI anesthesia in dogs. Methods: The study was conducted on 18 female dogs during 2019-2021 and these animals were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each group (I, II and III) containing six animals. All animals were pre-medicated with glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg b.wt I/M followed by inj. butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg b.wt and xylazine 1mg/kg b.wt I/M after 5 minutes by using different syringes. After 10 minutes of xylazine, animals were induced (till effect) with propofol and immediately just after induction animals were maintained with constant rate infusion of ketamine, propofol and ketofol 1:1 along with normal saline @ 10 ml/kg/hr. Result: Cardiovascular parameters showed that the value of systolic arterial pressure increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after pre-medication in all three groups in comparisons to respective base values. Value of diastolic arterial pressure increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after pre-medication in groups I and II, whereas non-significantly (p greater than 0.05) in group III in comparisons to respective base values. Hemoglobin and PCV values decreased non-significantly after pre-medication and remained non-significantly lower at various intervals in comparison to respective base values during observation periods except at recovery in group II. Changes in TLC did not show a definite pattern and values of TEC in all groups changed non-significantly (p greater than 0.05) at various time intervals in comparison to respective base values during the observation period.
{"title":"Haemodynamic and Haemato-Biochemical Changes with Ketamine, Propofol and Ketofol as Constant Rate Infusion Anesthesia for Elective Ovariectomy in Dogs","authors":"Agyey Pusp, A. Kumari, R. Tiwary, B. Kumar, M. R. Ansaari, Rajesh Kumar, Bhavna .","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Combination of glycopyrrolate, butorphanol, xylazine as premedication and induction with propofol and maintenance with ketamine, propofol and propofol mixtures (Ketofol 1:1) as constant rate infusion (CRI) would have the ability to maintain better hemodynamic and reduce the dose of general anesthesia for maintenance. This technique once gets standardized; it may transfer to field veterinarians for elective ovariectomy under a routine animal birth control programme (ABC) for safe handling of canines. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate haemodynamic and haemato-biochemical changes with Ketamine, Propofol and Ketofol as CRI anesthesia in dogs. Methods: The study was conducted on 18 female dogs during 2019-2021 and these animals were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each group (I, II and III) containing six animals. All animals were pre-medicated with glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg b.wt I/M followed by inj. butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg b.wt and xylazine 1mg/kg b.wt I/M after 5 minutes by using different syringes. After 10 minutes of xylazine, animals were induced (till effect) with propofol and immediately just after induction animals were maintained with constant rate infusion of ketamine, propofol and ketofol 1:1 along with normal saline @ 10 ml/kg/hr. Result: Cardiovascular parameters showed that the value of systolic arterial pressure increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after pre-medication in all three groups in comparisons to respective base values. Value of diastolic arterial pressure increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after pre-medication in groups I and II, whereas non-significantly (p greater than 0.05) in group III in comparisons to respective base values. Hemoglobin and PCV values decreased non-significantly after pre-medication and remained non-significantly lower at various intervals in comparison to respective base values during observation periods except at recovery in group II. Changes in TLC did not show a definite pattern and values of TEC in all groups changed non-significantly (p greater than 0.05) at various time intervals in comparison to respective base values during the observation period.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) fruit extract (HFE) on performance, carcass characteristics and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Methods: Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (24°C: thermoneutral conditions, or 35°C: HS conditions) and three different HFE (0, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/L) in a 2´3 factorial arrangement. A total of 300 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted 1 of 6 treatments with five replicates. A total of 300 1-day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 6 groups with five replications of 10 birds each. HFE supplementation had no effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral weight in stressed groups (P greater than 0.05). It was also determined that it has a lowering effect on serum malondialdehyde (MDA), free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglyceride (TAG), total lipid (TL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P less than 0.05), but it has no effect on other parameters (P greater than 0.05). Result: As a result, it is thought that the addition of HFE to the drinking water of broiler chickens exposed to HS has no effect on the performance characteristics, HFE has a hypolipidemic effect and would be beneficial in order to strengthen the immune system.
{"title":"The Effects of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) Fruit Extract on Performance, Carcass and Some Serum Parameters of Broilers Reared Under Heat-Stress Conditions[2]","authors":"H. Kaya","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1657","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) fruit extract (HFE) on performance, carcass characteristics and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Methods: Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (24°C: thermoneutral conditions, or 35°C: HS conditions) and three different HFE (0, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/L) in a 2´3 factorial arrangement. A total of 300 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted 1 of 6 treatments with five replicates. A total of 300 1-day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 6 groups with five replications of 10 birds each. HFE supplementation had no effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral weight in stressed groups (P greater than 0.05). It was also determined that it has a lowering effect on serum malondialdehyde (MDA), free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglyceride (TAG), total lipid (TL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P less than 0.05), but it has no effect on other parameters (P greater than 0.05). Result: As a result, it is thought that the addition of HFE to the drinking water of broiler chickens exposed to HS has no effect on the performance characteristics, HFE has a hypolipidemic effect and would be beneficial in order to strengthen the immune system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Lonkar, F. Savaliya, R. Mishra, A. B. Patel, N. J. Bhagora
Background: Feeding high nutrient density best prelay diet (BPD) 2-3 weeks before egg production is beneficial and may allow to reduce layer diet nutrient density. Methods: Total 180, 16-week-old White Leghorn pullets were assigned to six-layer feeding strategies (kcal ME per kg/%CP/%Ca) during 19-40 weeks. Treatments were T0 (BIS control-2600/18.0/3.0), T1 (2500/18.0/3.0), T2 (2500/18.0/4.0), T3 (2500/17.0/4.0), T4 (2500/16.0/4.0) and T5 (2500/15.0/4.0). These layers were fed with same BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) during 16-18 weeks. Performance parameters were recorded during the study. Result: Feeding BPD did not influence pullets (16-18 woa) CaI, PI and MEI. The 3.0% layer Ca (T0 and T1) decreased (p less than 0.01) CaI than 4.0% (T2 to T5) and layer diet CP reduction from 18.0 to 15.0% decreased PI but 2500 or 2700 kcal ME/kg layer diet did not affect MEI (19-40 woa). BPD did not support 16 or15% layer diet CP (T4 and T5) but allowed to reduce CP (T3) by 1.0% (18.0 to 17.0%) to support production. BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) with BIS (2007) layer diet in T0 (2600/18.0/3.0) is the best combination for supporting BWG without affecting FC and improving EN, HDEP, FCDE, EFPR and PEI in layers.
{"title":"Efficacy of Best Prelay Diet on Production Performance of White Leghorn Layers Fed with Different Layer Diets","authors":"V. Lonkar, F. Savaliya, R. Mishra, A. B. Patel, N. J. Bhagora","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Feeding high nutrient density best prelay diet (BPD) 2-3 weeks before egg production is beneficial and may allow to reduce layer diet nutrient density. Methods: Total 180, 16-week-old White Leghorn pullets were assigned to six-layer feeding strategies (kcal ME per kg/%CP/%Ca) during 19-40 weeks. Treatments were T0 (BIS control-2600/18.0/3.0), T1 (2500/18.0/3.0), T2 (2500/18.0/4.0), T3 (2500/17.0/4.0), T4 (2500/16.0/4.0) and T5 (2500/15.0/4.0). These layers were fed with same BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) during 16-18 weeks. Performance parameters were recorded during the study. Result: Feeding BPD did not influence pullets (16-18 woa) CaI, PI and MEI. The 3.0% layer Ca (T0 and T1) decreased (p less than 0.01) CaI than 4.0% (T2 to T5) and layer diet CP reduction from 18.0 to 15.0% decreased PI but 2500 or 2700 kcal ME/kg layer diet did not affect MEI (19-40 woa). BPD did not support 16 or15% layer diet CP (T4 and T5) but allowed to reduce CP (T3) by 1.0% (18.0 to 17.0%) to support production. BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) with BIS (2007) layer diet in T0 (2600/18.0/3.0) is the best combination for supporting BWG without affecting FC and improving EN, HDEP, FCDE, EFPR and PEI in layers.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42791703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Laltlanmawia, H. Saha, Lija Ghosh, R. Saha, Supratim Malla
Background: This study presents the successful isolation and comprehensive characterization of a selected virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila, denoted COF_AHE51, which was identified as the causative agent behind mass fish mortality in an aquaculture pond in Tripura. Methods: The identification of this species was achieved through morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. The pathogenicity was assessed by fulfilling Koch’s postulate, determination of haemato-biochemical and immune-pathophysiological parameters and histopathological study. The antimicrobial resistance was examined by performing antibiotic sensitivity test. Result: Experimental infection of Labeo rohita with COF_AHE51 resulted in the development of hallmark clinical signs, such as haemorrhages, abdominal swelling, discoloration, and tail and fin rot. The calculated LD50 of the pathogenic strain was 1.4 x 106 cfu/fish. In-depth hematological and immunological analyses, alongside histopathological examinations of affected tissues, revealed remarkable perturbations suggestive of systemic bacterial septicaemia. Furthermore, the strain was observed to be resistant to several commonly used antibiotics, including kanamycin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ampicillin, accentuating the considerable threat posed by A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture settings.
{"title":"Unveiling the Mechanisms of Aeromonas hydrophila COF_AHE51 Induced Mortality in Labeo rohita: Hemato-biochemical and Immune-Pathological Perspectives","authors":"C. Laltlanmawia, H. Saha, Lija Ghosh, R. Saha, Supratim Malla","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study presents the successful isolation and comprehensive characterization of a selected virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila, denoted COF_AHE51, which was identified as the causative agent behind mass fish mortality in an aquaculture pond in Tripura. Methods: The identification of this species was achieved through morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. The pathogenicity was assessed by fulfilling Koch’s postulate, determination of haemato-biochemical and immune-pathophysiological parameters and histopathological study. The antimicrobial resistance was examined by performing antibiotic sensitivity test. Result: Experimental infection of Labeo rohita with COF_AHE51 resulted in the development of hallmark clinical signs, such as haemorrhages, abdominal swelling, discoloration, and tail and fin rot. The calculated LD50 of the pathogenic strain was 1.4 x 106 cfu/fish. In-depth hematological and immunological analyses, alongside histopathological examinations of affected tissues, revealed remarkable perturbations suggestive of systemic bacterial septicaemia. Furthermore, the strain was observed to be resistant to several commonly used antibiotics, including kanamycin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ampicillin, accentuating the considerable threat posed by A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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