Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a significant pathogen causing Johne’s disease. Rational evaluation of the prevalence of this organism in animals has been restricted by the lack of accurate diagnostic techniques. DNA microarray-based and computational study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K10 discovered 17 distinct large sequence polymorphisms present. Of these 17 LSPPs, 7 were with a specificity of greater than 98% and in some cases, sensitivity of up to 95% suggesting that the LSPs are ideal for diagnosing M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Methods: A total of 218 fecal samples were collected from cattle (n=180) and buffaloes (n=38) for detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) using Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs) and IS900 PCR. The fecal samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, isolation and PCR. A total of 90 fecal samples were found ZN staining positive and were subjected to isolation of MAP, growths were seen in two fecal samples after 16 weeks of incubation. Result: Out of 218 fecal samples tested, 7 samples were positive by both LSP PCR viz; LSPP2 (MAP0284), LSPP4 (MAP0865), LSPP11(MAP2154) LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15 (MAP3774), LSPP16 (MAP3815) and IS900 sequence with an amplicon size of 600, 597, 375, 430, 719, 621, 611 and 229 bp. DNA was also extracted from the isolates (n=2) and were confirmed by PCR targeting Large Sequence Polymorphism (LSPs) and IS900. Detection of MAP in all the 7 fecal samples both by IS900 and by 7 LSPPs indicates the detection potential of selected 7 LSPPs (LSPP2, LSPP4, LSPP11, LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15, LSPP16) in fecal samples of cattle and buffaloes suspected for Johne’s disease.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis by Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs)","authors":"Pallvi Slathia, Deepti Narang, Mudit Chandra","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a significant pathogen causing Johne’s disease. Rational evaluation of the prevalence of this organism in animals has been restricted by the lack of accurate diagnostic techniques. DNA microarray-based and computational study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K10 discovered 17 distinct large sequence polymorphisms present. Of these 17 LSPPs, 7 were with a specificity of greater than 98% and in some cases, sensitivity of up to 95% suggesting that the LSPs are ideal for diagnosing M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Methods: A total of 218 fecal samples were collected from cattle (n=180) and buffaloes (n=38) for detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) using Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs) and IS900 PCR. The fecal samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, isolation and PCR. A total of 90 fecal samples were found ZN staining positive and were subjected to isolation of MAP, growths were seen in two fecal samples after 16 weeks of incubation. Result: Out of 218 fecal samples tested, 7 samples were positive by both LSP PCR viz; LSPP2 (MAP0284), LSPP4 (MAP0865), LSPP11(MAP2154) LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15 (MAP3774), LSPP16 (MAP3815) and IS900 sequence with an amplicon size of 600, 597, 375, 430, 719, 621, 611 and 229 bp. DNA was also extracted from the isolates (n=2) and were confirmed by PCR targeting Large Sequence Polymorphism (LSPs) and IS900. Detection of MAP in all the 7 fecal samples both by IS900 and by 7 LSPPs indicates the detection potential of selected 7 LSPPs (LSPP2, LSPP4, LSPP11, LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15, LSPP16) in fecal samples of cattle and buffaloes suspected for Johne’s disease.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"211 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tiletamine-zolazepam is a good injectable anaesthetic widely used in veterinary patients and thus the present study was planned to evaluate the effect of tiletamine-zolazepam alone and in combination with xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs. Methods: Eighteen dogs irrespective of age, breed, sex and body weight (requiring various surgical corrections) were randomly divided into three groups namely A, B and C. Atropine sulphate was administered in all the groups followed by tiletamine-zolazepam in group A, xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in group B and xylazine, ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam in group C. The efficacy of the anaesthesia was evaluated at different time intervals upto recovery by observing clinical, physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters. Result: Induction dose of tiletamine-zolazepam observed in group A, B and C was 6.5, 5.5 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Induction time values were decreased and duration of anaesthesia was increased from group A to group C. All physiological parameters differs significantly (p less than 0.05) between the groups. Mean values of Hb, TEC, PCV, TLC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and total proteins showed transient decrease whereas neutrophils, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, plasma glucose, BUN and serum creatinine showed transient increase in all the groups at 30 and 60 minutes. Haemato-biochemical parameters approached to baseline values upto 24 hours. Thus, it can be concluded that the various combinations of tiletamine-zolazepam with pre-medicants like xylazine and xylazine-ketamine was found to be safe with regard to their effects on haemato-biochemical parameters.
{"title":"Evaluation of Haemato-biochemical Effects of Tiletamine-zolazepam Alone and in Combination with Xylazine or Xylazine-ketamine in Atropinized Dogs","authors":"Sulekha ., Manjul Kandpal, Shivani Singh","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tiletamine-zolazepam is a good injectable anaesthetic widely used in veterinary patients and thus the present study was planned to evaluate the effect of tiletamine-zolazepam alone and in combination with xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs. Methods: Eighteen dogs irrespective of age, breed, sex and body weight (requiring various surgical corrections) were randomly divided into three groups namely A, B and C. Atropine sulphate was administered in all the groups followed by tiletamine-zolazepam in group A, xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in group B and xylazine, ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam in group C. The efficacy of the anaesthesia was evaluated at different time intervals upto recovery by observing clinical, physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters. Result: Induction dose of tiletamine-zolazepam observed in group A, B and C was 6.5, 5.5 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Induction time values were decreased and duration of anaesthesia was increased from group A to group C. All physiological parameters differs significantly (p less than 0.05) between the groups. Mean values of Hb, TEC, PCV, TLC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and total proteins showed transient decrease whereas neutrophils, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, plasma glucose, BUN and serum creatinine showed transient increase in all the groups at 30 and 60 minutes. Haemato-biochemical parameters approached to baseline values upto 24 hours. Thus, it can be concluded that the various combinations of tiletamine-zolazepam with pre-medicants like xylazine and xylazine-ketamine was found to be safe with regard to their effects on haemato-biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianjiao Wang, Wei Li, Xin Li, Jie Liu, Jinjun Liu, Pengran Wang, Min Rong, Erjun Ren
Background: Ussuri raccoon dog is an important economic animal, which brings considerable economic benefits to Hebei, China. The high fertility rate of Ussuri raccoon dog is vital for its breeding industry. However, the molecular mechanism of prolificacy traits in raccoon dog remains unclear. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify the related genes and analyze the genetic mechanism of its high reproductive traits. Methods: In our study, RNA-seq was performed using ovarian tissues from six Ussuri raccoon dogs during estrus. The samples were divided into two groups based on the litter size over the last three consecutive years. We performed a standard transcriptomic analysis procedure to dig for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analyze gene function in detail. Result: Statistical analysis revealed a total of 612 DEGs between the low-fecundity and high-fecundity group including 277 upregulated and 335 downregulated DEGs, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis shows the DEGs enriched in several reproductive related pathways, such as the Circadian entrainment pathway. A total of 8 DEGs were identified with differential alternative splicing (DAS) events and recognized as DAS-DE genes. Among the up-regulated DAS-DE genes, ABCA6 and GPAM were found to be the most important genes regulating the prolificacy trait of Ussuri raccoon dog. The DEGs and DAS-DE genes identified in this study provide a probable genetic mechanism for improving prolificacy of Ussuri raccoon dog breeding.
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Ovarian Tissues Reveals Key Genes Involved in the Prolificacy of Ussuri Raccoon Dog","authors":"Tianjiao Wang, Wei Li, Xin Li, Jie Liu, Jinjun Liu, Pengran Wang, Min Rong, Erjun Ren","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1692","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ussuri raccoon dog is an important economic animal, which brings considerable economic benefits to Hebei, China. The high fertility rate of Ussuri raccoon dog is vital for its breeding industry. However, the molecular mechanism of prolificacy traits in raccoon dog remains unclear. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify the related genes and analyze the genetic mechanism of its high reproductive traits. Methods: In our study, RNA-seq was performed using ovarian tissues from six Ussuri raccoon dogs during estrus. The samples were divided into two groups based on the litter size over the last three consecutive years. We performed a standard transcriptomic analysis procedure to dig for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analyze gene function in detail. Result: Statistical analysis revealed a total of 612 DEGs between the low-fecundity and high-fecundity group including 277 upregulated and 335 downregulated DEGs, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis shows the DEGs enriched in several reproductive related pathways, such as the Circadian entrainment pathway. A total of 8 DEGs were identified with differential alternative splicing (DAS) events and recognized as DAS-DE genes. Among the up-regulated DAS-DE genes, ABCA6 and GPAM were found to be the most important genes regulating the prolificacy trait of Ussuri raccoon dog. The DEGs and DAS-DE genes identified in this study provide a probable genetic mechanism for improving prolificacy of Ussuri raccoon dog breeding.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"266 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandra Prakash Dixit, D. Bhuyan, M. Bhuyan, K. Ahmed, A. Baruah, D. Kalita, S. Haloi, M. Malik
Background: High milk production and excellent fertility is a dream of livestock owners.The major reproductive disorders which lead to decrease the productivity and reproductive ability of farm animals is postpartum anestrous.Recently, kisspeptin was reported as game changer in the animal reproduction. Kisspeptin increases the number of follicles at wave emergence, oestrus response rate and duration of oestrus. Thus, indicating its potentiality for induction of oestrus in anestrous animals. Methods: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Ovsynch and kisspeptin protocol and need of fortification for treatment of postpartum anestrous.Fifty postpartum anestrous cows were selected. The animals were divided into four treatment groups (10 cows in each) and treated with Ovsynch (Group I), Ovsynch fortified with mineral mixture (MM) and bypass fat (BPF) (Group II), kisspeptin (Group III) and kisspeptin fortified with MM +BPF (Group IV). The remaining 10 cows served as control (Group V). The oestrus response was recorded on the basis of behavioral signs, physical signs and clinico-gynaecological changes. The blood was collected following treatment for hormonal estimation. The pregnancy was confirmed on day 45 post AI using ultrasound. Result: The oestrusresponse was pronounced in Ovsynch as compared to kisspeptin groups. Further, fortification has enhanced the response. The serum oestrogen concentration increased following treatment and was significantly high on day of onset of oestruswith highest concentration in group II. The results indicate Ovsynchdistinguishly succeeded in addressing postpartum anestrus with fortification enhances fertility response.However, kisspeptin also emerged as a potent candidate for the resumption of cyclicity.
{"title":"Ruling out Efficacy of Hormonal Protocols alone or Fortified with Mineral and Bypass Fat for Treatment of Postpartum Anoestrus in Cattle","authors":"Chandra Prakash Dixit, D. Bhuyan, M. Bhuyan, K. Ahmed, A. Baruah, D. Kalita, S. Haloi, M. Malik","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High milk production and excellent fertility is a dream of livestock owners.The major reproductive disorders which lead to decrease the productivity and reproductive ability of farm animals is postpartum anestrous.Recently, kisspeptin was reported as game changer in the animal reproduction. Kisspeptin increases the number of follicles at wave emergence, oestrus response rate and duration of oestrus. Thus, indicating its potentiality for induction of oestrus in anestrous animals. Methods: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Ovsynch and kisspeptin protocol and need of fortification for treatment of postpartum anestrous.Fifty postpartum anestrous cows were selected. The animals were divided into four treatment groups (10 cows in each) and treated with Ovsynch (Group I), Ovsynch fortified with mineral mixture (MM) and bypass fat (BPF) (Group II), kisspeptin (Group III) and kisspeptin fortified with MM +BPF (Group IV). The remaining 10 cows served as control (Group V). The oestrus response was recorded on the basis of behavioral signs, physical signs and clinico-gynaecological changes. The blood was collected following treatment for hormonal estimation. The pregnancy was confirmed on day 45 post AI using ultrasound. Result: The oestrusresponse was pronounced in Ovsynch as compared to kisspeptin groups. Further, fortification has enhanced the response. The serum oestrogen concentration increased following treatment and was significantly high on day of onset of oestruswith highest concentration in group II. The results indicate Ovsynchdistinguishly succeeded in addressing postpartum anestrus with fortification enhances fertility response.However, kisspeptin also emerged as a potent candidate for the resumption of cyclicity.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"190 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of acute dehydrating diarrhoea in humans, primarily affecting infants and young children and causes neonatal diarrhoea in the majority of domestic animals. However, there is a dearth of literature in India on geographic or temporal comparisons of rotavirus transmission between humans and animals. Methods: Prior to analysis with one-step RT-PCR, RNA-PAGE confirmed 40 rotaviruses recovered from a total of 306 faecal and stool samples obtained from domestic animals, (245) suffering from watery diarrhoea and children (61) suffering from diarrhoea. The RT-PCR positive sample were subjected to sequence analysis followed by BLAST analysis to confirm the presence of VP7 gene specific to rotavirus. The sequences of rotavirus in study were aligned with Indian and global VP7 sequences and were further subjected for phylogenetic analysis. Result: Only three samples of three different species (Human, cattle and buffalo) could show the positivity, while remaining 37 failed in RT-PCR. Besides, the similarity of the nucleotide sequence of one of the positive isolates recovered from cattle calf with one of the Indian human rotavirus sequences in phylogenetic analysis indicates the possibility of inter-species transmission of rota viral strains circulating in the area, indicating organism’s zoonotic significance.
{"title":"Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group A Rotaviruses in Faeces of Diarrhoeic Bovine, Caprine, Ovine, Porcine and Human Population from Central India","authors":"Pradip Bhosle, Rahul Suryawanshi, Sudhakar Awandkar, Nandkumar Gaikwad, Onkar Shinde, Aishwarya Jogdand, Onkar Deshmukh","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of acute dehydrating diarrhoea in humans, primarily affecting infants and young children and causes neonatal diarrhoea in the majority of domestic animals. However, there is a dearth of literature in India on geographic or temporal comparisons of rotavirus transmission between humans and animals. Methods: Prior to analysis with one-step RT-PCR, RNA-PAGE confirmed 40 rotaviruses recovered from a total of 306 faecal and stool samples obtained from domestic animals, (245) suffering from watery diarrhoea and children (61) suffering from diarrhoea. The RT-PCR positive sample were subjected to sequence analysis followed by BLAST analysis to confirm the presence of VP7 gene specific to rotavirus. The sequences of rotavirus in study were aligned with Indian and global VP7 sequences and were further subjected for phylogenetic analysis. Result: Only three samples of three different species (Human, cattle and buffalo) could show the positivity, while remaining 37 failed in RT-PCR. Besides, the similarity of the nucleotide sequence of one of the positive isolates recovered from cattle calf with one of the Indian human rotavirus sequences in phylogenetic analysis indicates the possibility of inter-species transmission of rota viral strains circulating in the area, indicating organism’s zoonotic significance.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"63 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.A. Herrera-Barragán, J.J. Pérez-Rivero, G. Calderón-Calderón, A.M. Rosales-Torres, A. Ávalos-Rodríguez, A. Guzmán-Sánchez, E. López-Pérez
Background: Semen cryopreservation induces alterations in spermatozoa and changes in the plasma membrane, limiting the acrosome reaction and fertilizing ability. The research aim was to study the sperm capacitation indicators and acrosome reaction capacity in rooster semen, comparing fresh semen and post-thaw semen. Methods: Fifty ejaculates were obtained from five roosters through dorsal-ventral massage. Semen was diluted and preserved fresh or cryopreserved in Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender. In both groups of preserved semen, basic seminal parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction were assessed. The latter were evaluated both with and without a perivitelline layer as the acrosome reaction inducer, using chlortetracycline staining. Result: The results revealed a higher percentage of sperm progressive motility in fresh semen (85.2±1.5%) compared with thawed semen (44.8±1.7%; P less than 0.05). The percentages were similar when comparing sperm with an acrosome reaction in fresh semen (10.6±1.1%) to sperm incubated without a perivitelline layer (13.2±1.7%; P greater than 0.05). However, when incubated with a perivitelline layer for 40 minutes, fresh semen spermatozoa exhibited a higher percentage of acrosome reaction (59.2±2.1%) compared with thawed semen incubated with a perivitelline layer (40.6±2.3%; P less than 0.05).
{"title":"Capacitation and Acrosomal Reaction Parameters of Fresh and Cryopreserved Rooster Semen","authors":"J.A. Herrera-Barragán, J.J. Pérez-Rivero, G. Calderón-Calderón, A.M. Rosales-Torres, A. Ávalos-Rodríguez, A. Guzmán-Sánchez, E. López-Pérez","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1681","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Semen cryopreservation induces alterations in spermatozoa and changes in the plasma membrane, limiting the acrosome reaction and fertilizing ability. The research aim was to study the sperm capacitation indicators and acrosome reaction capacity in rooster semen, comparing fresh semen and post-thaw semen. Methods: Fifty ejaculates were obtained from five roosters through dorsal-ventral massage. Semen was diluted and preserved fresh or cryopreserved in Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender. In both groups of preserved semen, basic seminal parameters, capacitation and acrosome reaction were assessed. The latter were evaluated both with and without a perivitelline layer as the acrosome reaction inducer, using chlortetracycline staining. Result: The results revealed a higher percentage of sperm progressive motility in fresh semen (85.2±1.5%) compared with thawed semen (44.8±1.7%; P less than 0.05). The percentages were similar when comparing sperm with an acrosome reaction in fresh semen (10.6±1.1%) to sperm incubated without a perivitelline layer (13.2±1.7%; P greater than 0.05). However, when incubated with a perivitelline layer for 40 minutes, fresh semen spermatozoa exhibited a higher percentage of acrosome reaction (59.2±2.1%) compared with thawed semen incubated with a perivitelline layer (40.6±2.3%; P less than 0.05).","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"64 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To improve the prevention and control of diseases and level of feeding management of newborn calves, diversity analysis of their gut microbiota was conducted to explore the changes in their gut microbiota during different seasons. Methods: Based on metagenomic sequencing and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the diversity of gut microbiota, functional abundance, and differences in resistance genes of diarrhea calves in different seasons were analyzed. Result: At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have always been significant dominant microbiota in the four seasons; at the genus level, Bacteroides exists in all four seasons; the variation pattern of microbial communities in different seasons and the relative abundance will change in different seasons. The analysis of Beta diversity shows that compared to the gut microbiota of calves in summer and autumn, the diversity and richness of the microbiota in winter and spring are relatively high. The annotation of the gut microbiota of diarrhea calves through the KEGG database showed that the proportion of genes with metabolic function (Metabolism) was the highest. The annotation gene results showed that amino acid metabolism was the most abundant among metabolic functions. Through functional annotation of CARD, it was found that the types and numbers of antibiotic resistance genes corresponding to the gut microbiota of calves vary in different seasons, with tetW/N/W (the gene name should be in italics) being the main enriched antibiotic resistance gene type. At the same time, potential pathogenicity prediction also found a significant increase in disease risk in the winter group. Spring and winter being the seasons with high incidence of digestive tract diseases in calves.
{"title":"Changes in Intestinal Microflora Diversity of Diarrhea Calves among Different Seasons using Metagenomic Sequencing Analysisor","authors":"Yumei Cai, Yazi Li, Liyun Chang, Xiaoyue Wang, Chenghui Li, Zhiyong Liu, Lixue Dong","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1700","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To improve the prevention and control of diseases and level of feeding management of newborn calves, diversity analysis of their gut microbiota was conducted to explore the changes in their gut microbiota during different seasons. Methods: Based on metagenomic sequencing and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the diversity of gut microbiota, functional abundance, and differences in resistance genes of diarrhea calves in different seasons were analyzed. Result: At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have always been significant dominant microbiota in the four seasons; at the genus level, Bacteroides exists in all four seasons; the variation pattern of microbial communities in different seasons and the relative abundance will change in different seasons. The analysis of Beta diversity shows that compared to the gut microbiota of calves in summer and autumn, the diversity and richness of the microbiota in winter and spring are relatively high. The annotation of the gut microbiota of diarrhea calves through the KEGG database showed that the proportion of genes with metabolic function (Metabolism) was the highest. The annotation gene results showed that amino acid metabolism was the most abundant among metabolic functions. Through functional annotation of CARD, it was found that the types and numbers of antibiotic resistance genes corresponding to the gut microbiota of calves vary in different seasons, with tetW/N/W (the gene name should be in italics) being the main enriched antibiotic resistance gene type. At the same time, potential pathogenicity prediction also found a significant increase in disease risk in the winter group. Spring and winter being the seasons with high incidence of digestive tract diseases in calves.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135111521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murad A. Mubaraki, Mohammed A. Haijan, Majed Ahmed Adawi, Taghreed A. Hafiz, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Saeed El-Ashram, Mohamed A. Dkhil
Background: Malaria can infect erythrocytes and hence cause different pathogenesis episodes leading to death mostly in pregnant women and children under the age of 5 years. The selective pressure of these parasites leads to the production of new human genetic diseases. The most prevalent genetic alterations in the human genome are thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies (Hb E, Hb S), which are recognized throughout the world, including Saudi Arabia. Methods: From May 2018 to August 2019, 13972 Saudi citizens from King Fahd Central Hospital and premarital facilities in the Saudi Arabian province of Jazan participated in this study. This study aims to compare the prevalence of Hb E and other hemoglobinopathies in positive versus negative cases of malaria. So, CBC, malaria test, Hb-electrophoresis, and molecular study were investigated. Result: For thalassemias and Hb disorders, 36% with abnormal Hb (47% of them) carried Hb S in their blood, 37% with á-thalassemia, 11% for â-thalassemia and 4% of Hb E. Significant variations in CBC parameters were observed in Hb E patients. There was significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC and slightly increase in WBCs, RBCs, RDW and PLT as compared to controls.
背景:疟疾可感染红细胞，因此引起不同的发病机制，导致死亡，主要发生在孕妇和5岁以下儿童中。这些寄生虫的选择压力导致新的人类遗传疾病的产生。人类基因组中最普遍的基因改变是地中海贫血和血红蛋白病(Hb E, Hb S)，这是全世界公认的，包括沙特阿拉伯。方法:2018年5月至2019年8月，来自沙特阿拉伯吉赞省法赫德国王中心医院和婚前设施的13972名沙特公民参与了本研究。本研究的目的是比较乙肝病毒和其他血红蛋白病的流行率在阳性和阴性疟疾病例。因此，对CBC、疟疾检测、hb电泳和分子研究进行了研究。结果:在地中海贫血和Hb疾病中，36%的Hb异常患者(其中47%)血液中携带Hb S, 37%的Hb异常患者(á-thalassemia)， 11%的Hb异常患者(-地中海贫血)和4%的Hb E异常患者(Hb E)血液中携带Hb S。与对照组相比，MCV、MCH和MCHC显著降低，白细胞、红细胞、RDW和PLT略有增加。
{"title":"Hemoglobin E Prevalence among People Residing in Malaria Areas","authors":"Murad A. Mubaraki, Mohammed A. Haijan, Majed Ahmed Adawi, Taghreed A. Hafiz, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Saeed El-Ashram, Mohamed A. Dkhil","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1685","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria can infect erythrocytes and hence cause different pathogenesis episodes leading to death mostly in pregnant women and children under the age of 5 years. The selective pressure of these parasites leads to the production of new human genetic diseases. The most prevalent genetic alterations in the human genome are thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies (Hb E, Hb S), which are recognized throughout the world, including Saudi Arabia. Methods: From May 2018 to August 2019, 13972 Saudi citizens from King Fahd Central Hospital and premarital facilities in the Saudi Arabian province of Jazan participated in this study. This study aims to compare the prevalence of Hb E and other hemoglobinopathies in positive versus negative cases of malaria. So, CBC, malaria test, Hb-electrophoresis, and molecular study were investigated. Result: For thalassemias and Hb disorders, 36% with abnormal Hb (47% of them) carried Hb S in their blood, 37% with á-thalassemia, 11% for â-thalassemia and 4% of Hb E. Significant variations in CBC parameters were observed in Hb E patients. There was significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC and slightly increase in WBCs, RBCs, RDW and PLT as compared to controls.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"SE-13 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gokulakrishnan, Abhilash ., Mohamed Ali, Bharathi Dasan
Background: Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumours in the bitch. Even though surgery remained the treatment of choice for mammary gland tumours except those with inflammatory carcinomas or distant metastasis; it did not seem to reduce the chances of recurrence in case of malignancy in dogs. Other alternatives to surgery are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy etc. The major disadvantage of chemotherapeutic agents was the lack of selectivity for tumour cells. To overcome this problem, electrochemotherapy could be used as a single or as an adjuvant therapy to surgery which could be used for treatment of inoperable tumours. Cisplatin and bleomycin are the two chemotherapeutic agents used in veterinary oncology for electrochemotherapy. This study was carried out on clinical cases of mammary tumours to study and compare the efficacies of electrochemotherapy using Cisplatin and bleomycin Methods: The research was carried out on clinical cases of canine mammary tumour presented to the Small Animal Surgical Out-Patient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year from September 2018 to May 2021. Routine Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical and Radiographic evaluations were performed. Twelve dogs with mammary tumours, with a single solitary lump were selected for the study irrespective of the age, breed and location. Group I Cases were treated by electrotherapy with cisplastin and Group II were treated by electrotherapy with bleomycin intralesionally following which surgical excision was performed. Result: Most cases in the cisplatin group produced partial response (3/6) according to the response evaluation criteria, whereas most cases in the bleomycin group produced complete response (100% regression). Bleomycin was comparatively more efficient (1.7 times) than cisplatin in electrochemotherapy for mammary tumours. The time under anaesthesia was low which makes this procedure a suitable alternative to geriatric dogs that cannot be anaesthetised for a longer duration for surgery.
{"title":"Electrochemotherapy for Mammary Tumour in Dogs","authors":"M. Gokulakrishnan, Abhilash ., Mohamed Ali, Bharathi Dasan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mammary neoplasms are the most common tumours in the bitch. Even though surgery remained the treatment of choice for mammary gland tumours except those with inflammatory carcinomas or distant metastasis; it did not seem to reduce the chances of recurrence in case of malignancy in dogs. Other alternatives to surgery are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy etc. The major disadvantage of chemotherapeutic agents was the lack of selectivity for tumour cells. To overcome this problem, electrochemotherapy could be used as a single or as an adjuvant therapy to surgery which could be used for treatment of inoperable tumours. Cisplatin and bleomycin are the two chemotherapeutic agents used in veterinary oncology for electrochemotherapy. This study was carried out on clinical cases of mammary tumours to study and compare the efficacies of electrochemotherapy using Cisplatin and bleomycin Methods: The research was carried out on clinical cases of canine mammary tumour presented to the Small Animal Surgical Out-Patient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year from September 2018 to May 2021. Routine Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical and Radiographic evaluations were performed. Twelve dogs with mammary tumours, with a single solitary lump were selected for the study irrespective of the age, breed and location. Group I Cases were treated by electrotherapy with cisplastin and Group II were treated by electrotherapy with bleomycin intralesionally following which surgical excision was performed. Result: Most cases in the cisplatin group produced partial response (3/6) according to the response evaluation criteria, whereas most cases in the bleomycin group produced complete response (100% regression). Bleomycin was comparatively more efficient (1.7 times) than cisplatin in electrochemotherapy for mammary tumours. The time under anaesthesia was low which makes this procedure a suitable alternative to geriatric dogs that cannot be anaesthetised for a longer duration for surgery.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arif Ashraf Kichloo, Nazam Khan, R.K. Sharma, Vikas Mahajan, Kawardeep Kour, Antra Gupta
Background: Aloe vera (AV) bears antioxidant properties and may improve quail performance during summer. But its action depends upon route of supplementation and dosage. This study thus assesses different AV supplementation forms (Powder and gel) on performance of quail during summer. Methods: Three hundred day old quail chicks were randomly distributed into 5 groups having 4 replicates of 15 birds. Dietary treatments were: C (Basal diet; BD), T1 (BD + 0.4% AV powder as dietary additive), T2 (BD + 0.6% AV powder), T3 (BD + 0.4% AV gel via drinking water) and T4 (Basal diet + 0.6% AV gel via drinking water). Dry-wet bulb temperature was recorded at 7:30 am and 2:30 pm throughout the 6 weeks trial to calculate Temperature humidity index (THI). Growth traits were observed during trial, but carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters were analysed at sixth week of age. Result: THI results revealed that quail birds were in moderate, severe and very severe heat stress during morning, but they experienced very severe heat stress at day time. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in T4 than control and T1, but intermediate values were observed in T2 and T3. Cholesterol was significantly reduced in T4 than C, although intermediate values were seen in T1, T2 and T3. Carcass characteristics (as % live weight) showed no difference. It was concluded that 0.6% AV gel supplementation improved FCR during summer months.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Aloe vera Forms Over Quail Performance during Summer","authors":"Arif Ashraf Kichloo, Nazam Khan, R.K. Sharma, Vikas Mahajan, Kawardeep Kour, Antra Gupta","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aloe vera (AV) bears antioxidant properties and may improve quail performance during summer. But its action depends upon route of supplementation and dosage. This study thus assesses different AV supplementation forms (Powder and gel) on performance of quail during summer. Methods: Three hundred day old quail chicks were randomly distributed into 5 groups having 4 replicates of 15 birds. Dietary treatments were: C (Basal diet; BD), T1 (BD + 0.4% AV powder as dietary additive), T2 (BD + 0.6% AV powder), T3 (BD + 0.4% AV gel via drinking water) and T4 (Basal diet + 0.6% AV gel via drinking water). Dry-wet bulb temperature was recorded at 7:30 am and 2:30 pm throughout the 6 weeks trial to calculate Temperature humidity index (THI). Growth traits were observed during trial, but carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters were analysed at sixth week of age. Result: THI results revealed that quail birds were in moderate, severe and very severe heat stress during morning, but they experienced very severe heat stress at day time. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in T4 than control and T1, but intermediate values were observed in T2 and T3. Cholesterol was significantly reduced in T4 than C, although intermediate values were seen in T1, T2 and T3. Carcass characteristics (as % live weight) showed no difference. It was concluded that 0.6% AV gel supplementation improved FCR during summer months.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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