A. Singh, Daya Shanker, Pradeep Kumar, Deen Dayal, Pramod Kumar Rout, Ashok Kumar, K. Chaubey
Background: Small ruminants like goats are considered the most resourceful and efficient animal all over the world. Eimeria species causes disease in goats associated with poor growth, diarrhoea and decrease in production, high morbidity and mortalities. The present study was conducted to analyse the haematological and biochemical parameters in response to natural coccidian infection in Barbari and Jamunapari goat breeds in semi-arid tropics. Methods: A total of 474 goats were examined; 96 goats were selected (48 Barbari and 48 Jamunapari) and divided on the basis of high (12 males and 12 females) and low (12 males and 12 females) oocyst per gram (OPG) counts of both Barbari and Jamunapari goats. The blood was aseptically collected from the jugular vein, using a 22-gauge needle for each animal separately in 5 ml blood for the haematological and biochemical estimations. Result: In haematological parameters of Barbari goats there were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in males and females. Although significantly higher values of RBC were observed in low OPG females, similar results were also observed in Hct, Mcv, Hb, MCH and MCHC. Whereas, in WBC, Lymphocyte, Monocyte and Granulocyte statistically had no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences among all the groups. In haematological parameters of Jamunapari goats no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences was seen in males and females of both the groups. The same group of Barbari goats were also selected for biochemical parameters and high OPG females had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher blood glucose values. The blood potassium concentration was found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in low OPG males compared to high OPG males. The same group of Jamunapari goats were selected for biochemical parameters and ALT, total protein and globulin had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher values in high OPG females than others. A/G ratio had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher value observed in high OPG males.
{"title":"Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Response to Natural Coccidian Infection in Barbari and Jamunapari Goat Breeds in Semi-arid Tropics","authors":"A. Singh, Daya Shanker, Pradeep Kumar, Deen Dayal, Pramod Kumar Rout, Ashok Kumar, K. Chaubey","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small ruminants like goats are considered the most resourceful and efficient animal all over the world. Eimeria species causes disease in goats associated with poor growth, diarrhoea and decrease in production, high morbidity and mortalities. The present study was conducted to analyse the haematological and biochemical parameters in response to natural coccidian infection in Barbari and Jamunapari goat breeds in semi-arid tropics. Methods: A total of 474 goats were examined; 96 goats were selected (48 Barbari and 48 Jamunapari) and divided on the basis of high (12 males and 12 females) and low (12 males and 12 females) oocyst per gram (OPG) counts of both Barbari and Jamunapari goats. The blood was aseptically collected from the jugular vein, using a 22-gauge needle for each animal separately in 5 ml blood for the haematological and biochemical estimations. Result: In haematological parameters of Barbari goats there were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in males and females. Although significantly higher values of RBC were observed in low OPG females, similar results were also observed in Hct, Mcv, Hb, MCH and MCHC. Whereas, in WBC, Lymphocyte, Monocyte and Granulocyte statistically had no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences among all the groups. In haematological parameters of Jamunapari goats no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences was seen in males and females of both the groups. The same group of Barbari goats were also selected for biochemical parameters and high OPG females had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher blood glucose values. The blood potassium concentration was found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in low OPG males compared to high OPG males. The same group of Jamunapari goats were selected for biochemical parameters and ALT, total protein and globulin had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher values in high OPG females than others. A/G ratio had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher value observed in high OPG males.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.K. Sahu, U. Mishra, S. Sathapathy, N. Singh, S.K. Panda, S.K. Joshi, S.S. Biswal, S.S. Behera, D.K. Chaurasia
Background: Being the vital organ of circulatory system, the development of the heart before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the incidence of various developmental anomalies. The histological and histomorphometrical details of cardiac architecture especially in pre-natal sheep have not yet been reported. Methods: The foeti of sheep were collected from the local slaughter houses situated at Laxmisagar and Jadupur of Bhubaneswar city. The collected foeti were divided into three age groups viz. early prenatal (up to 50 days) or G-I, mid prenatal (51-100 days) or G-II and late prenatal (101 to 150 days) or G-III. The heart samples of the sheep foeti were processed by routine paraffin technique and after section cutting, the slides were stained by routine Haematoxyline and Eosin stains, Masson’s trichrome stain, Verhoeff’s stain and Gomori’s stain for studying the detailed histological and histomorphometrical parameters. Result: It was revealed that the cells lining the endocardium and epicardium became elongated from flat shape with advancing age. The intercalated discs appeared continuous from broken lines with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall in sheep foeti. The frequency of blood vessels, connective tissue fibres and connective tissue cells increased with age in the subendothelium, subepicardium, myocardium and epicardium in the sheep foeti. The average thickness of heart chambers, average diameter of the myocardiocytes and their nuclei in atrial and ventricular walls, papillary muscles, pectinate muscles and Purkinje fibre cells revealed an age dependent rise in sheep foeti of G-I to G-III. The frequency distribution of myocardiocytes and fibroblast in myocardium also increased with in sheep foeti of G-I to G-III.
{"title":"Histological and Histomorphometrical Characterization of the Cardiac Architecture in Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"S.K. Sahu, U. Mishra, S. Sathapathy, N. Singh, S.K. Panda, S.K. Joshi, S.S. Biswal, S.S. Behera, D.K. Chaurasia","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Being the vital organ of circulatory system, the development of the heart before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the incidence of various developmental anomalies. The histological and histomorphometrical details of cardiac architecture especially in pre-natal sheep have not yet been reported. Methods: The foeti of sheep were collected from the local slaughter houses situated at Laxmisagar and Jadupur of Bhubaneswar city. The collected foeti were divided into three age groups viz. early prenatal (up to 50 days) or G-I, mid prenatal (51-100 days) or G-II and late prenatal (101 to 150 days) or G-III. The heart samples of the sheep foeti were processed by routine paraffin technique and after section cutting, the slides were stained by routine Haematoxyline and Eosin stains, Masson’s trichrome stain, Verhoeff’s stain and Gomori’s stain for studying the detailed histological and histomorphometrical parameters. Result: It was revealed that the cells lining the endocardium and epicardium became elongated from flat shape with advancing age. The intercalated discs appeared continuous from broken lines with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall in sheep foeti. The frequency of blood vessels, connective tissue fibres and connective tissue cells increased with age in the subendothelium, subepicardium, myocardium and epicardium in the sheep foeti. The average thickness of heart chambers, average diameter of the myocardiocytes and their nuclei in atrial and ventricular walls, papillary muscles, pectinate muscles and Purkinje fibre cells revealed an age dependent rise in sheep foeti of G-I to G-III. The frequency distribution of myocardiocytes and fibroblast in myocardium also increased with in sheep foeti of G-I to G-III.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Venkatesh, K. J. M. Reddy, E. C. Sekhar, N. Rajendranath
Background: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cemented prosthetics for total hip replacement for management of hip dysplasia in dogs. Total hip arthroplasty will eliminate pain and, restore function of hip joint. Methods: The dogs with clinical signs of coxofemoral joint affections were diagnosed using standard hip extended ventrodorsal radiographs of pelvis. Those dogs which are not responded to the medical management, with severe degenerative changes and osteoarthritis were selected for surgical management for total hip replacement. The femoral stems used in this study were small (4) and Medium (2). The size of the acetabular cup used ranges from 20 to 22 mm outer diameter. The bone cement used was polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) low viscosity type bone cement (Simplex-P). Clinical evaluation of the treated dogs on 2nd day post operatively indicated functional outcome (on the basis of WOMAC score) as excellent in four dogs and good in 2 dogs as the mean scores of parameters was 1.0±0.36, 0.83±0.65, 0.83±0.40, 1.0±0.68, 0.50±0.34, 0.66±0.33, 1.50±0.50, 1.16±0.47, 0.50±0.34, 1.50±0.42, 2.0±0.51 and over all mean of functional outcome is 11.33± 4.06 out of 40 points, lower scores reflect better function than higher scores. Radiological and clinical assessment are excellent to good in four cases and poor in two cases, with mean score of 0, 0.83, 1.50±0.5,0,0,0, 1.16±0.40,0, 1.33±0.84. The mean score of radiological and clinical assessment was 4.88±1.85 out of 40 points, lesser score indicates effectiveness of the surgical procedure. The lamenessfrom grade V improved onby 45 days to grade I except one dog at grade II, by 60th day, all 5 dogs progressed to grade I and one dog to grade II. The post-operatively radiographic evaluation on day one revealed hip showing cup of the prosthesis into acetabulum. Result: Total hip replacement using cemented prosthetics for management of Hip dysplasia in dogs was found to be effective in dogs with more than 20 kg body weight and returned to normal limb function after 45th post operative day in 4 out of 6-dogs, whereas in other two dogs, there is a complication of loosening of acetabullar cup after 60 days, the complications will be addressed with uncemented implants.
{"title":"A Clinical Study on Total Hip Replacement using Cemented Prosthetics for Management of Hip Dysplasia in Dogs","authors":"N. Venkatesh, K. J. M. Reddy, E. C. Sekhar, N. Rajendranath","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cemented prosthetics for total hip replacement for management of hip dysplasia in dogs. Total hip arthroplasty will eliminate pain and, restore function of hip joint. Methods: The dogs with clinical signs of coxofemoral joint affections were diagnosed using standard hip extended ventrodorsal radiographs of pelvis. Those dogs which are not responded to the medical management, with severe degenerative changes and osteoarthritis were selected for surgical management for total hip replacement. The femoral stems used in this study were small (4) and Medium (2). The size of the acetabular cup used ranges from 20 to 22 mm outer diameter. The bone cement used was polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) low viscosity type bone cement (Simplex-P). Clinical evaluation of the treated dogs on 2nd day post operatively indicated functional outcome (on the basis of WOMAC score) as excellent in four dogs and good in 2 dogs as the mean scores of parameters was 1.0±0.36, 0.83±0.65, 0.83±0.40, 1.0±0.68, 0.50±0.34, 0.66±0.33, 1.50±0.50, 1.16±0.47, 0.50±0.34, 1.50±0.42, 2.0±0.51 and over all mean of functional outcome is 11.33± 4.06 out of 40 points, lower scores reflect better function than higher scores. Radiological and clinical assessment are excellent to good in four cases and poor in two cases, with mean score of 0, 0.83, 1.50±0.5,0,0,0, 1.16±0.40,0, 1.33±0.84. The mean score of radiological and clinical assessment was 4.88±1.85 out of 40 points, lesser score indicates effectiveness of the surgical procedure. The lamenessfrom grade V improved onby 45 days to grade I except one dog at grade II, by 60th day, all 5 dogs progressed to grade I and one dog to grade II. The post-operatively radiographic evaluation on day one revealed hip showing cup of the prosthesis into acetabulum. Result: Total hip replacement using cemented prosthetics for management of Hip dysplasia in dogs was found to be effective in dogs with more than 20 kg body weight and returned to normal limb function after 45th post operative day in 4 out of 6-dogs, whereas in other two dogs, there is a complication of loosening of acetabullar cup after 60 days, the complications will be addressed with uncemented implants.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shamana Kochiganti, T. Rajkhowa, J. Kiran, Doris Zodinpui, Farhin Aktar Choudhury
Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and economically important disease affecting poultry of all ages. The causative agent, class II NDV strains are frequently virulent and are classified into at least 21 distinct genotypes with several sub-genotypes. The circulating strains of NDV from mainland India are identified as genotype XIII, whereas emergence of a new genotype XXII has been reported recently from North East Region of India. Methods: A total of 25 poultry farms comprising a total population of 2165 birds were studied for field outbreaks of ND. Detailed post-mortem examination was conducted on a total of 121 dead birds and field outbreaks were confirmed by the detection of the F gene in tissue samples by reverse transcription PCR. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis of fusion proteins and phylogenetic analysis based on complete F gene were carried out to understand the molecular epidemiology of the circulating NDV strains. Result: This study has confirmed severe NDV outbreaks in the vaccinated flock, from Mizoram state of India. The three isolates from the outbreaks revealed the presence of the multi-basic amino acid residues at the fusion protein cleavage site (112RRQKRF117) identified as characteristic of velogenic strain. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene has characterized the isolates belonging to newly identified genotype XXII and subgroup XXII.2. The evolutionary evidence of this new genotype of NDV in the unique ecosystem of NER, India, warrants detailed studies for better understanding of the variant.
背景：新城疫（ND）是一种高度传染性的重要经济疾病，影响各种年龄的家禽。致病原 II 类 NDV 株系经常具有毒性，至少可分为 21 个不同的基因型和几个亚基因型。印度大陆流行的 NDV 株系被确定为基因型 XIII，而最近有报告称印度东北部地区出现了新的基因型 XXII。方法：研究了 25 个家禽养殖场，共计 2165 只家禽，以了解 ND 的现场爆发情况。共对 121 只死亡禽鸟进行了详细的尸检，并通过逆转录 PCR 在组织样本中检测到 F 基因，确认了疫情的爆发。对融合蛋白的氨基酸序列进行了推导分析，并根据完整的 F 基因进行了系统发育分析，以了解流行的 NDV 株系的分子流行病学。结果：本研究证实了印度米佐拉姆邦接种疫苗的鸡群爆发了严重的 NDV。从暴发疫情中分离出的三株病毒显示，在融合蛋白裂解位点（112RRQKRF117）上存在多基本氨基酸残基，这被确定为绒毛源毒株的特征。基于完整 F 基因的系统发育分析确定了属于新确定的基因型 XXII 和亚群 XXII.2 的分离株的特征。在印度 NER 独特的生态系统中，NDV 这种新基因型的进化证据值得详细研究，以便更好地了解这种变异。
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Class II Newcastle Disease Virus from Field Outbreaks in Mizoram, India","authors":"Shamana Kochiganti, T. Rajkhowa, J. Kiran, Doris Zodinpui, Farhin Aktar Choudhury","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5241","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and economically important disease affecting poultry of all ages. The causative agent, class II NDV strains are frequently virulent and are classified into at least 21 distinct genotypes with several sub-genotypes. The circulating strains of NDV from mainland India are identified as genotype XIII, whereas emergence of a new genotype XXII has been reported recently from North East Region of India. Methods: A total of 25 poultry farms comprising a total population of 2165 birds were studied for field outbreaks of ND. Detailed post-mortem examination was conducted on a total of 121 dead birds and field outbreaks were confirmed by the detection of the F gene in tissue samples by reverse transcription PCR. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis of fusion proteins and phylogenetic analysis based on complete F gene were carried out to understand the molecular epidemiology of the circulating NDV strains. Result: This study has confirmed severe NDV outbreaks in the vaccinated flock, from Mizoram state of India. The three isolates from the outbreaks revealed the presence of the multi-basic amino acid residues at the fusion protein cleavage site (112RRQKRF117) identified as characteristic of velogenic strain. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene has characterized the isolates belonging to newly identified genotype XXII and subgroup XXII.2. The evolutionary evidence of this new genotype of NDV in the unique ecosystem of NER, India, warrants detailed studies for better understanding of the variant.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The tigers (Panthera tigris) being the world’s largest cat are one of the critically endangered species which are at the verge of extinction. The pseudopregnancy or false pregnancy or pseudocyesis is a syndrome which is characterized by the presence of signs of pregnancy in a non-pregnant animal. False lactation or nervous lactation are the terms which are used to refer pseudopregnancy as there is very low quantities of milk production is seen. This condition can be differentiated with true pregnancy by using hormones and by correlation of behavioral symptoms of pregnancy with hormonal profiles for confirmation of pregnancy in female tigers. Methods: Total seven animals were used in the experiment and was divided into three groups (G I, G II and G III). Group G I consist of 03 non-bred animals of less than 9 years of age, G II consisted of 03 non-bred animals of more than 9 years of age and G III was consisted of 03 animals after mating irrespective of their age. Faecal samples were collected non-invasively from enclosures weekly up to 14 weeks. Only fresh samples (deposited within 24 h) was chosen, urine puddles were aspirated from the floor. The extracted samples were then analysed for estimation of relaxin, progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Relaxin the hormone for early detection of pregnancy in felines gives elevated concentration from 49 days after mating and attains a peak during parturition, whereas, no elevation or peak was observed in pseudopregnant animals. Progesterone, in true pregnancy remains elevated from 7th week onwards after mating, it gets dropped after 7th week with wide fluctuation in pseudopregnant animals. PGFM elevation observed after nine weeks of gestation in true pregnancy whereas, no elevation will be observed in pseudopregnant tigress.
{"title":"Can Non-invasive Hormone Profiling in Female Tigers (Panthera tigris) could Differentiate True Pregnancy and Pseudopregnancy","authors":"D. Jesse, Aditya Mishra, Anand Kumar Jain, Sanju Mandal, Anil Gattani, Kajal Jadav, Uttam Singh Yadav, Atul Gupta, Rajesh Tomar","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The tigers (Panthera tigris) being the world’s largest cat are one of the critically endangered species which are at the verge of extinction. The pseudopregnancy or false pregnancy or pseudocyesis is a syndrome which is characterized by the presence of signs of pregnancy in a non-pregnant animal. False lactation or nervous lactation are the terms which are used to refer pseudopregnancy as there is very low quantities of milk production is seen. This condition can be differentiated with true pregnancy by using hormones and by correlation of behavioral symptoms of pregnancy with hormonal profiles for confirmation of pregnancy in female tigers. Methods: Total seven animals were used in the experiment and was divided into three groups (G I, G II and G III). Group G I consist of 03 non-bred animals of less than 9 years of age, G II consisted of 03 non-bred animals of more than 9 years of age and G III was consisted of 03 animals after mating irrespective of their age. Faecal samples were collected non-invasively from enclosures weekly up to 14 weeks. Only fresh samples (deposited within 24 h) was chosen, urine puddles were aspirated from the floor. The extracted samples were then analysed for estimation of relaxin, progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Relaxin the hormone for early detection of pregnancy in felines gives elevated concentration from 49 days after mating and attains a peak during parturition, whereas, no elevation or peak was observed in pseudopregnant animals. Progesterone, in true pregnancy remains elevated from 7th week onwards after mating, it gets dropped after 7th week with wide fluctuation in pseudopregnant animals. PGFM elevation observed after nine weeks of gestation in true pregnancy whereas, no elevation will be observed in pseudopregnant tigress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pooja, M. Srivani, R. Ramanipushpa, K. Aswanikumar, J. Srilakshmi
Background: The aim of current study was to investigate the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lactobacillus species against pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry. Method: A total of 73 samples were collected from cloacal swabs and tissues of desi and commercial chicken. The Lactobacillus were isolated based on cultural, biochemical and molecular teats. The probiotic potency was tested in vitro and antimicrobial activity and ABST was carried by Agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing was done by Sanger sequencing. Haemolysis and gelatin hydrolysis assays were used as safety testes. Result: From 73 cloacal swabs and tissues of desi and commercial chicken, 56 Lactobacillus were isolated of which 22 showed high autoaggregation and hydrophobicity potential. Based on survivability at acidic pH (2.5) and bile concentrations (0.5%), 16 isolates were selected and were subjected to well diffusion assay against pathogenic E. coli. All the isolates showed zone of inhibition against E. coli ranging from 10 -18 mm. ABST revealed that all the isolates are sensitive to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and erythromycin and 75% of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Only one isolate out of 16 tested was non hemolytic and none of the isolates tested positive for gelatine hydrolysis. Sequencing result of selected isolate revealed 96.82% of its similarity to Lactobacillus fermentum.
{"title":"Probiotic Potential of Autochthonous Lactobacillus against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"M. Pooja, M. Srivani, R. Ramanipushpa, K. Aswanikumar, J. Srilakshmi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of current study was to investigate the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lactobacillus species against pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry. Method: A total of 73 samples were collected from cloacal swabs and tissues of desi and commercial chicken. The Lactobacillus were isolated based on cultural, biochemical and molecular teats. The probiotic potency was tested in vitro and antimicrobial activity and ABST was carried by Agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing was done by Sanger sequencing. Haemolysis and gelatin hydrolysis assays were used as safety testes. Result: From 73 cloacal swabs and tissues of desi and commercial chicken, 56 Lactobacillus were isolated of which 22 showed high autoaggregation and hydrophobicity potential. Based on survivability at acidic pH (2.5) and bile concentrations (0.5%), 16 isolates were selected and were subjected to well diffusion assay against pathogenic E. coli. All the isolates showed zone of inhibition against E. coli ranging from 10 -18 mm. ABST revealed that all the isolates are sensitive to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and erythromycin and 75% of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Only one isolate out of 16 tested was non hemolytic and none of the isolates tested positive for gelatine hydrolysis. Sequencing result of selected isolate revealed 96.82% of its similarity to Lactobacillus fermentum.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Nithya, G. Balasubramaniam, A. Arulmozhi, T. Gopalakrishnamurthy, S. Kathirvel
Background: Melanomas are tumours that originate from melanoblasts. The studies on bovine tumours are of clinical concern since some melanocytic tumours are congenital and occur in young animals. The present work was carried out to study the pathomorphological characteristics of melanomas in cattle for early diagnosis and intervention. Methods: Tumour samples were collected from suspected cases of neoplasia from four animals during the study period. Data pertaining to the animals were collected. Fine needle aspiration cytology and impression smear were stained with Giemsa stain. Tissue samples were collected in 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination. Special staining with Fontana silver stain and immunohistochemistry with Melan- A and S- 100 markers for confirmatory diagnosis of melanin pigment was done. Result: Cytology revealed neoplastic cells with vacuolation and pleomorphism. Cytoplasm contained abundant melanin pigments. Microscopically, the cytoplasm contained abundant brown, black coloured melanin pigment granules. Tissue sections stained with Fontana silver impregnation method revealed the presence of black coloured granules. Immunohistochemistry with Melan-A and S-100 revealed strong expression of brown coloured reaction in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.
{"title":"Cytological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on Naturally Occurring Cutaneous Melanomas in Cattle in and Around Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P. Nithya, G. Balasubramaniam, A. Arulmozhi, T. Gopalakrishnamurthy, S. Kathirvel","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melanomas are tumours that originate from melanoblasts. The studies on bovine tumours are of clinical concern since some melanocytic tumours are congenital and occur in young animals. The present work was carried out to study the pathomorphological characteristics of melanomas in cattle for early diagnosis and intervention. Methods: Tumour samples were collected from suspected cases of neoplasia from four animals during the study period. Data pertaining to the animals were collected. Fine needle aspiration cytology and impression smear were stained with Giemsa stain. Tissue samples were collected in 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination. Special staining with Fontana silver stain and immunohistochemistry with Melan- A and S- 100 markers for confirmatory diagnosis of melanin pigment was done. Result: Cytology revealed neoplastic cells with vacuolation and pleomorphism. Cytoplasm contained abundant melanin pigments. Microscopically, the cytoplasm contained abundant brown, black coloured melanin pigment granules. Tissue sections stained with Fontana silver impregnation method revealed the presence of black coloured granules. Immunohistochemistry with Melan-A and S-100 revealed strong expression of brown coloured reaction in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Pastsart, P. Muangchan, R. Prasomsuk, B. Khamseekhiew
Background: The main cost of animal production is the protein content in the feed. Hence, it is necessary to determine a suitable protein content for productive performance and meat quality of the Thai native goats. Methods: This study was carried out to investigate effects of protein levels in total mixed rations (TMR) on meat quality, texture, collagen contents and chemical compositions of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Thai native goats that were subjected to 4 alternative levels of protein in TMR (9, 12, 15 and 18%) for 4 months. Result: The results revealed that the pH1h and a* values were higher in goat meat from 18% dietary protein group (P less than 0.05). Regarding water holding capacity, it was found that the 12% dietary protein group had a higher thawing loss than the others (P less than 0.05). In texture profile analysis, the group that received the protein at 18% level had the higher in shear force than in the 9 and 12% dietary protein groups (P less than 0.05). For the chemical compositions, it was found that the 12% dietary protein group had highest insoluble collagen and total collagen contents. The protein levels of 15 and 18% gave the lowest fat content (P less than 0.05), followed by the dietary protein levels 12 and 9% in rank order. It can be concluded that increasing protein levels in TMR resulted in a redder meat but reduced tenderness and fat content of goat meat.
{"title":"Quality, Texture Profiles, Collagen Contents and Chemical Compositions of Meat from Thai Native Goats Fed with Different Protein Levels in Total Mixed Rations","authors":"U. Pastsart, P. Muangchan, R. Prasomsuk, B. Khamseekhiew","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1735","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main cost of animal production is the protein content in the feed. Hence, it is necessary to determine a suitable protein content for productive performance and meat quality of the Thai native goats. Methods: This study was carried out to investigate effects of protein levels in total mixed rations (TMR) on meat quality, texture, collagen contents and chemical compositions of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Thai native goats that were subjected to 4 alternative levels of protein in TMR (9, 12, 15 and 18%) for 4 months. Result: The results revealed that the pH1h and a* values were higher in goat meat from 18% dietary protein group (P less than 0.05). Regarding water holding capacity, it was found that the 12% dietary protein group had a higher thawing loss than the others (P less than 0.05). In texture profile analysis, the group that received the protein at 18% level had the higher in shear force than in the 9 and 12% dietary protein groups (P less than 0.05). For the chemical compositions, it was found that the 12% dietary protein group had highest insoluble collagen and total collagen contents. The protein levels of 15 and 18% gave the lowest fat content (P less than 0.05), followed by the dietary protein levels 12 and 9% in rank order. It can be concluded that increasing protein levels in TMR resulted in a redder meat but reduced tenderness and fat content of goat meat.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. Al-Gherair, S. Al-Khamis, F. Alessa, S. Al-Awaid, W.F. Alhujaili, A. Mohammed
Background: The antioxidant micronutrients supplementation to mammalian species during stressful condition have gained great attention of nutritionists to alleviate stressful peri parturient factors, which negatively effect on productive and reproductive performances in subtropics. Methods: The antioxidant micronutrients given to mammalian species refer to minerals (copper, zinc and selenium) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E). The balanced diet needs an adequate amount of antioxidant micronutrients during stressful conditions for mammalian species. Result: The antioxidant micronutrients are played pivotal roles for body functions especially during transitional period in ruminants. They are given to improve quality of feed, cell functions, carbohydrates, protein and metabolism. Changes in animals’ production, reproduction and therapeutic performances have been confirmed over antioxidant micronutrients supplementations. The antioxidant micronutrients change feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and energy production. Such increases in feed digestibility and growth performance resulted in improvement of oocyte, embryo and fetus qualities. In addition, blood cells and plasma biochemistry, immunity and therapeutic performances were altered due to antioxidant micronutrient supplementation. Hence, the review article was designed to collect, consolidate and discuss the effects of antioxidant micronutrient supplementation on productive, reproductive and therapeutic performances on ruminant species during transitional period in subtropics.
{"title":"The Potential Impacts of antioxidant Micronutrients on Productive and Reproductive Performances of Mammalian Species during Stressful Conditions","authors":"A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. Al-Gherair, S. Al-Khamis, F. Alessa, S. Al-Awaid, W.F. Alhujaili, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1773","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The antioxidant micronutrients supplementation to mammalian species during stressful condition have gained great attention of nutritionists to alleviate stressful peri parturient factors, which negatively effect on productive and reproductive performances in subtropics. Methods: The antioxidant micronutrients given to mammalian species refer to minerals (copper, zinc and selenium) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E). The balanced diet needs an adequate amount of antioxidant micronutrients during stressful conditions for mammalian species. Result: The antioxidant micronutrients are played pivotal roles for body functions especially during transitional period in ruminants. They are given to improve quality of feed, cell functions, carbohydrates, protein and metabolism. Changes in animals’ production, reproduction and therapeutic performances have been confirmed over antioxidant micronutrients supplementations. The antioxidant micronutrients change feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and energy production. Such increases in feed digestibility and growth performance resulted in improvement of oocyte, embryo and fetus qualities. In addition, blood cells and plasma biochemistry, immunity and therapeutic performances were altered due to antioxidant micronutrient supplementation. Hence, the review article was designed to collect, consolidate and discuss the effects of antioxidant micronutrient supplementation on productive, reproductive and therapeutic performances on ruminant species during transitional period in subtropics.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Liao, Xuemei Shen, Wencong Long, Shigang Yu, Gang Wang, Chaohao Du, Zi Liang
Background: Skin color is an important economic trait in black-bone chicken production and it has been identified that the gut microbiota is an important factor in animal health and physiology. However, it is unknown about whether the gut microbiota in black-bone chickens is connected to the coloration of chicken skin. Methods: To investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and skin coloration, comparing the differentiation of the gut microbiota structure and abundances in black- (B group) and white-skinned (W group) Muchuan black-bone chicken. Here, we characterized the microbiota in the jejunal contents of both the B and W groups using the Illumina MiSeq platform, targeting the genomic V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Result: In terms of community richness, the ACE community richness index of the B group was significantly higher than that of the W group (p less than 0.05) and the proportion of unique OTUs was higher in group B than in group W. According to the species annotation and abundance information of all samples at the genus level, Parabacteroides, Faecalicoccus and Alistipes were enriched in group B, whereas Actinomyces, Elstera and Nosocomiicoccus were enriched in group W. In the evolutionary branch diagram, the relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales) were significantly higher in group B than in group W (LDA Score greater than 4). Our data provide a basis for the hypothesis that the discriminating bacterial taxa in gut is associated with the feature variants for skin coloration of Muchuan black-bone chickens, which were fed in the same feed and stocking niches.
背景：肤色是乌骨鸡生产中的一个重要经济特征，而肠道微生物群是影响动物健康和生理的一个重要因素。然而，乌骨鸡的肠道微生物群是否与鸡皮的颜色有关还不得而知。研究方法为了研究肠道微生物群与皮肤颜色之间的关系，比较了黑色（B 组）和白色（W 组）沐川乌骨鸡肠道微生物群结构和丰度的差异。在此，我们利用 Illumina MiSeq 平台，以 16S rRNA 基因的基因组 V4 区域为目标，对 B 组和 W 组乌骨鸡空肠内容物中的微生物群进行了表征。研究结果在群落丰富度方面，B组的ACE群落丰富度指数显著高于W组（P小于0.05），且B组的独特OTU比例高于W组。在进化分支图中，B 组肠杆菌科（Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales）的相对丰度明显高于 W 组（LDA Score 大于 4）。我们的数据为以下假设提供了依据：在相同的饲料和饲养环境中饲养的沐川乌骨鸡，其肠道细菌类群的分辨与皮肤颜色的特征变异有关。
{"title":"Analysis of the Difference of Intestinal Microbes in Muchuan Black-bone Chickens with Two Skin Colors","authors":"J. Liao, Xuemei Shen, Wencong Long, Shigang Yu, Gang Wang, Chaohao Du, Zi Liang","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1752","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Skin color is an important economic trait in black-bone chicken production and it has been identified that the gut microbiota is an important factor in animal health and physiology. However, it is unknown about whether the gut microbiota in black-bone chickens is connected to the coloration of chicken skin. Methods: To investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and skin coloration, comparing the differentiation of the gut microbiota structure and abundances in black- (B group) and white-skinned (W group) Muchuan black-bone chicken. Here, we characterized the microbiota in the jejunal contents of both the B and W groups using the Illumina MiSeq platform, targeting the genomic V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Result: In terms of community richness, the ACE community richness index of the B group was significantly higher than that of the W group (p less than 0.05) and the proportion of unique OTUs was higher in group B than in group W. According to the species annotation and abundance information of all samples at the genus level, Parabacteroides, Faecalicoccus and Alistipes were enriched in group B, whereas Actinomyces, Elstera and Nosocomiicoccus were enriched in group W. In the evolutionary branch diagram, the relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales) were significantly higher in group B than in group W (LDA Score greater than 4). Our data provide a basis for the hypothesis that the discriminating bacterial taxa in gut is associated with the feature variants for skin coloration of Muchuan black-bone chickens, which were fed in the same feed and stocking niches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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