J. Praveenraj, Kandasamy Saravanan, Arumugam Uma, Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Baboonsundaram Ahilan, A. Gopalakannan, D. Manikandavelu
Background: Studies on the bacterial diseases from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are scanty and have only two reports recorded during 1996 and 1999. A case of emaciation and abdominal dropsy caused by different strains of Aeromonas hydrophila was recorded by earlier workers in the Andaman, Islands. In the present work, a similar disease syndrome was recorded in Barbonymus gonionotus and Cyprinus carpio var. Koi. The present study served to investigate the disease’s cause and the pathogen associated with it. Methods: This study details the isolation, biochemical and molecular characterization of three bacterial pathogens associated with emaciated, tail rot syndrome (ETS) and big belly syndrome (BBS) in B. gonionotus and C. carpio var. Koi respectively. Histology and re-infectivity study was also done for the infected host tissues and with Catla catla fingerlings. Result: This study constitutes the first report of three bacterial pathogens from the Andaman Islands, India viz., Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas alcaligenes causing emaciation and abdominal dropsy, with biochemical, molecular, histopathological and experimental challenge study evidence.
{"title":"First Report of Two Bacterial Diseases from the Freshwater Fishes of the Andaman Islands, India","authors":"J. Praveenraj, Kandasamy Saravanan, Arumugam Uma, Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Baboonsundaram Ahilan, A. Gopalakannan, D. Manikandavelu","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies on the bacterial diseases from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are scanty and have only two reports recorded during 1996 and 1999. A case of emaciation and abdominal dropsy caused by different strains of Aeromonas hydrophila was recorded by earlier workers in the Andaman, Islands. In the present work, a similar disease syndrome was recorded in Barbonymus gonionotus and Cyprinus carpio var. Koi. The present study served to investigate the disease’s cause and the pathogen associated with it. Methods: This study details the isolation, biochemical and molecular characterization of three bacterial pathogens associated with emaciated, tail rot syndrome (ETS) and big belly syndrome (BBS) in B. gonionotus and C. carpio var. Koi respectively. Histology and re-infectivity study was also done for the infected host tissues and with Catla catla fingerlings. Result: This study constitutes the first report of three bacterial pathogens from the Andaman Islands, India viz., Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas alcaligenes causing emaciation and abdominal dropsy, with biochemical, molecular, histopathological and experimental challenge study evidence.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.K. Sahu, U. Mishra, S. Sathapathy, G.R. Sahoo, S.K. Joshi, S.S. Biswal, S.S. Behera, P.K.K. Mishra
Background: Being the vital organ of circulatory system, the development of the heart before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the incidence of various developmental anomalies. The histochemical and biochemical details of cardiac architecture especially in pre-natal sheep have not yet been reported. Methods: The collected foeti of sheep were divided into three age groups viz. early prenatal (up to 50 days), mid prenatal (51-100 days) and late prenatal (101 to 150 days). The samples of heart were processed by routine paraffin technique and cryo technique and after section cutting, the slides were stained by various histochemical staining methods. Further, fresh pieces of the heart samples were also processed for getting tissue extracts for the biochemical analysis. Result: It was revealed that the PAS activity was observed in the cardiac wall, interatrial septum and interventricular septum in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. A variable degree of acid phosphatase activity was noted in the myocardium of heart wall in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. The lipid deposition also increased with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall, interatrial septum and interventricular septum in the heart of sheep foeti. The activities of various enzymes like creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were high in left ventricle than the right ventricle in the heart of sheep foeti. Certain protein bands of specific molecular weight appeared in the ventricular tissue at specific age of gestation in addition to a group of common proteins which appeared in ventricular tissue of sheep foeti in all age groups under study.
背景：作为循环系统的重要器官，必须对出生前的心脏发育进行研究，以防止动物发生各种发育异常。有关心脏结构的组织化学和生物化学细节，尤其是出生前绵羊的心脏结构，目前尚未见报道。研究方法将采集的绵羊胎儿分为三个年龄组，即产前早期（50 天以内）、产前中期（51-100 天）和产前晚期（101-150 天）。心脏样本采用常规石蜡技术和冷冻技术处理，切片后采用各种组织化学染色方法进行染色。此外，还对新鲜的心脏样本进行处理，提取组织提取物用于生化分析。结果结果显示，在妊娠的各个阶段，绵羊胎儿的心壁、房间隔和室间隔都能观察到 PAS 活性。在妊娠的各个阶段，绵羊胎儿的心壁心肌中都发现了不同程度的酸性磷酸酶活性。随着年龄的增长，羊胎素心肌壁、房间隔和室间隔的脂质沉积也在增加。绵羊胎儿心脏中各种酶的活性，如肌酸激酶、碱性磷酸酶、血清谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶和血清谷氨酸-草酰乙酸转氨酶，左心室高于右心室。除了研究中所有年龄组绵羊胎儿心室组织中出现的一组常见蛋白质外，在特定妊娠年龄的心室组织中还出现了某些特定分子量的蛋白质条带。
{"title":"Histochemical and Biochemical Developmental Studies on the Heart in Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"S.K. Sahu, U. Mishra, S. Sathapathy, G.R. Sahoo, S.K. Joshi, S.S. Biswal, S.S. Behera, P.K.K. Mishra","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5147","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Being the vital organ of circulatory system, the development of the heart before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the incidence of various developmental anomalies. The histochemical and biochemical details of cardiac architecture especially in pre-natal sheep have not yet been reported. Methods: The collected foeti of sheep were divided into three age groups viz. early prenatal (up to 50 days), mid prenatal (51-100 days) and late prenatal (101 to 150 days). The samples of heart were processed by routine paraffin technique and cryo technique and after section cutting, the slides were stained by various histochemical staining methods. Further, fresh pieces of the heart samples were also processed for getting tissue extracts for the biochemical analysis. Result: It was revealed that the PAS activity was observed in the cardiac wall, interatrial septum and interventricular septum in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. A variable degree of acid phosphatase activity was noted in the myocardium of heart wall in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. The lipid deposition also increased with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall, interatrial septum and interventricular septum in the heart of sheep foeti. The activities of various enzymes like creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were high in left ventricle than the right ventricle in the heart of sheep foeti. Certain protein bands of specific molecular weight appeared in the ventricular tissue at specific age of gestation in addition to a group of common proteins which appeared in ventricular tissue of sheep foeti in all age groups under study.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"28 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aruna, D. Manikandavelu, A. Uma, Cheryl Antony, N. Jayakumar
Background: Phosphorus acts as a limiting nutrient in aquatic environments due to its non-availability as it forms insoluble precipitate with Ca, Mg, Fe and Al. Phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) solubilizes the inorganic precipitate into soluble phosphorus. Methods: The PSB isolates were screened and isolated from rhizospheric sediment of mangrove, Avicennia marina of Ennore creek, Tamil Nadu. Their phosphorus transformation potential and the possibilities of their application in aquaculture to solubilize inorganic phosphorus were studied. Result: In the present study, thirteen nos. of PSB isolates were screened from the rhizospheric sediment samples of Avicennia marina collected from Ennore region and identified as Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. The P-solubilizing activity and Acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity of PSB isolates were found to be in the range of 7.62±0.51- 16.33±0.84 mg/l and 4.40±0.28 - 22.77±0.32 mmol ml-1 h-1 respectively. The maximum ACPase activity was exhibited by Arthrobacter sp (22.77±0.32 mmol ml-1 h-1) followed by Rhodococcus sp. (18.08±0.78 mmol ml-1 h-1). The P-mobilizing potential of the isolates obtained in this study were compared with the commercial product following a microcosm study for a period of 21 days. Rhodococcus sp showed higher ACPase activity in sediment (12.00 mmol g-1 h-1) than that of the commercial product (11.23 mmol g-1 h-1).
{"title":"Isolation of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria from Mangrove Rhizospheric Sediment and its Potential Application in Aquaculture","authors":"S. Aruna, D. Manikandavelu, A. Uma, Cheryl Antony, N. Jayakumar","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phosphorus acts as a limiting nutrient in aquatic environments due to its non-availability as it forms insoluble precipitate with Ca, Mg, Fe and Al. Phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) solubilizes the inorganic precipitate into soluble phosphorus. Methods: The PSB isolates were screened and isolated from rhizospheric sediment of mangrove, Avicennia marina of Ennore creek, Tamil Nadu. Their phosphorus transformation potential and the possibilities of their application in aquaculture to solubilize inorganic phosphorus were studied. Result: In the present study, thirteen nos. of PSB isolates were screened from the rhizospheric sediment samples of Avicennia marina collected from Ennore region and identified as Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. The P-solubilizing activity and Acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity of PSB isolates were found to be in the range of 7.62±0.51- 16.33±0.84 mg/l and 4.40±0.28 - 22.77±0.32 mmol ml-1 h-1 respectively. The maximum ACPase activity was exhibited by Arthrobacter sp (22.77±0.32 mmol ml-1 h-1) followed by Rhodococcus sp. (18.08±0.78 mmol ml-1 h-1). The P-mobilizing potential of the isolates obtained in this study were compared with the commercial product following a microcosm study for a period of 21 days. Rhodococcus sp showed higher ACPase activity in sediment (12.00 mmol g-1 h-1) than that of the commercial product (11.23 mmol g-1 h-1).","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"17 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annie Mariam John, Vijayakumar Govindarajan, S. Kavitha, Mohamed Shafiuzama
Background: Nasal tumours of dogs often pose a diagnostic challenge due to their similar clinical manifestations with other chronic diseases. Therefore, their definitive diagnosis requires use of different diagnostic modalities like radiography, computed tomography and rhinoscopy along with biopsy. The present study evaluates the clinical, rhinoscopic and computed tomographic changes in 20 dogs with intranasal tumours. Methods: Dogs brought with clinical signs suggestive of nasal cavity diseases were screened by radiography and computed tomography of skull followed by rhinoscopy and biopsy of nasal mucosa for diagnosing nasal tumours. Result: The intranasal tumours encountered were- carcinoma, transmissible venereal tumour and haemangioma. Clinical signs, haemato-biochemical, radiographic, computed tomographic and rhinoscopic changes in dogs with intra nasal tumours confirmed through histopathological studies are presented.
{"title":"Clinical, Rhinoscopic and Computed Tomographic Studies in Twenty Dogs with Nasal Tumours","authors":"Annie Mariam John, Vijayakumar Govindarajan, S. Kavitha, Mohamed Shafiuzama","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5048","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nasal tumours of dogs often pose a diagnostic challenge due to their similar clinical manifestations with other chronic diseases. Therefore, their definitive diagnosis requires use of different diagnostic modalities like radiography, computed tomography and rhinoscopy along with biopsy. The present study evaluates the clinical, rhinoscopic and computed tomographic changes in 20 dogs with intranasal tumours. Methods: Dogs brought with clinical signs suggestive of nasal cavity diseases were screened by radiography and computed tomography of skull followed by rhinoscopy and biopsy of nasal mucosa for diagnosing nasal tumours. Result: The intranasal tumours encountered were- carcinoma, transmissible venereal tumour and haemangioma. Clinical signs, haemato-biochemical, radiographic, computed tomographic and rhinoscopic changes in dogs with intra nasal tumours confirmed through histopathological studies are presented.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"415 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maftei, N. Lucica, D. Nicoleta, I. Daniela, A. Suler, S. Purdoiu, I. Vlad
Background: In this study we present a part of the genetic history of a native horse breed. Genetic analyzes are the basis of the development of strategies regarding the conservation of genetic resources and implicitly of inbreeding management plan. In this study we present another essential component of the inbreeding of a population, namely the inbreeding of broodmares themselves. Method: The method that we used in this study is based on A matrix coefficients. The research was carried out during 2012-2021, at Lucina National stud farm. The material was represented by a sample of 73 broodmares from the reproductive nucleus of the breed, from 5 bloodlines, analyzed on 5 generation of ascendants. The research was performed in the profile laboratories of the Faculty of Engineering and Management in Animal Production (Animal Sciences) from Bucharest. Results: The correlation between the breeding values of the reproductive active broodmares of Huþul from the Lucina stud, Suceava County, at the time of the analysis is 0.1875±0.0015. It was found the existence some differences between the values of the kinship coefficients of the mares born in different years, but the calculated value of the Fisher test (F= 1.3667NS) shows that the observed differences have no statistical significance.
{"title":"Study Regarding the Genetic Relationship between Broodmares from the Reproductive Nucleus of a Native Horse Breed","authors":"M. Maftei, N. Lucica, D. Nicoleta, I. Daniela, A. Suler, S. Purdoiu, I. Vlad","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1647","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study we present a part of the genetic history of a native horse breed. Genetic analyzes are the basis of the development of strategies regarding the conservation of genetic resources and implicitly of inbreeding management plan. In this study we present another essential component of the inbreeding of a population, namely the inbreeding of broodmares themselves. Method: The method that we used in this study is based on A matrix coefficients. The research was carried out during 2012-2021, at Lucina National stud farm. The material was represented by a sample of 73 broodmares from the reproductive nucleus of the breed, from 5 bloodlines, analyzed on 5 generation of ascendants. The research was performed in the profile laboratories of the Faculty of Engineering and Management in Animal Production (Animal Sciences) from Bucharest. Results: The correlation between the breeding values of the reproductive active broodmares of Huþul from the Lucina stud, Suceava County, at the time of the analysis is 0.1875±0.0015. It was found the existence some differences between the values of the kinship coefficients of the mares born in different years, but the calculated value of the Fisher test (F= 1.3667NS) shows that the observed differences have no statistical significance.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"287 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.S. See, Y.H. Lan, O.V. Byadgi, P.C. Liao, T.H. Li, M.A. Tsai
Background: The high mortality rate and stunted growth of marine shrimp in the farm have raised concerns about the outbreak of co-infection involving Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which could lead to significant economic loss. In a mixed-culture farm consisting of Scylla serrata and Peneaus vannamei located in Yunlin Country, Taiwan, were reported mortality cases on culture animals. Methods: Based on clinical signs, histology and molecular analyses, the disease was diagnosed in this study. In the histopathology examination, infected organs, such as the carapace and gills, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), then observed under microscope. For the molecular analysis, SalI DNA fragment (WSSV) and spore wall protein (SWP) gene (EHP) were targeted to detected the pathogen in animal host. Result: The cumulative mortality data for this co-infection indicates that S. serrata (1.5% mortality) exhibits higher susceptibility compared to P. vannamei ( greater than 99% mortality). Phylogenetic tree analysis reveals that the spore wall protein (SWP) gene of EHP and the SalI DNA fragment of WSSV strain extracted from S. serrata are genetically similar to those extracted from Peneaus spp., indicating the potential for cross-species infection. Histopathological examination of lesion tissue observed the presence of WSSV basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the carapace tissue and gill fragments of S. serrata. The source of the disease outbreak is highly suspected to be the feed used, which consisted of raw shrimp and fish. This study provides the first documented case of natural EHP infection with co-infection of WSSV in S. serrata.
{"title":"Identification of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata) Co-infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus in Taiwan","authors":"M.S. See, Y.H. Lan, O.V. Byadgi, P.C. Liao, T.H. Li, M.A. Tsai","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1708","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high mortality rate and stunted growth of marine shrimp in the farm have raised concerns about the outbreak of co-infection involving Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which could lead to significant economic loss. In a mixed-culture farm consisting of Scylla serrata and Peneaus vannamei located in Yunlin Country, Taiwan, were reported mortality cases on culture animals. Methods: Based on clinical signs, histology and molecular analyses, the disease was diagnosed in this study. In the histopathology examination, infected organs, such as the carapace and gills, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), then observed under microscope. For the molecular analysis, SalI DNA fragment (WSSV) and spore wall protein (SWP) gene (EHP) were targeted to detected the pathogen in animal host. Result: The cumulative mortality data for this co-infection indicates that S. serrata (1.5% mortality) exhibits higher susceptibility compared to P. vannamei ( greater than 99% mortality). Phylogenetic tree analysis reveals that the spore wall protein (SWP) gene of EHP and the SalI DNA fragment of WSSV strain extracted from S. serrata are genetically similar to those extracted from Peneaus spp., indicating the potential for cross-species infection. Histopathological examination of lesion tissue observed the presence of WSSV basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the carapace tissue and gill fragments of S. serrata. The source of the disease outbreak is highly suspected to be the feed used, which consisted of raw shrimp and fish. This study provides the first documented case of natural EHP infection with co-infection of WSSV in S. serrata.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The postpartum period is crucial for cattle reproduction. The length of postpartum anestrus significantly impacts reproductive efficiency. Apparently enhanced energy attribution to milk production may lead to anestrus by delaying the onset of follicular activity. The absence of an ovulation stimulus, rather than insufficient follicle growth, determines the limited duration until ovulation. The current study was aimed to document the postpartum ovarian dynamics in crossbred Jersey cows. Methods: The study was conducted in ten postpartum crossbred Jersey cows. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed to record the follicular development pattern from parturition till two ovulation or 90 days postpartum on alternate days. The data was analyzed for follicular wave emergence, no of follicular waves, size of the dominant follicle and ovulatory status. Result: Fourty per cent of crossbred Jersey cows showed cyclicity and rest 60 per cent of cows are in anestrum. The mean diameter size of the dominant follicle in ovulated cows is 12.2±1.2 mm and in anestrum cows is 10.6±0.4 mm. The first wave emergence is 5.7±0.3 and 10.8±5.9 day in OV and NOV group respectively. In conclusion significant difference could be observed in emergence of first, second, third, fourth and fifth follicular wave emergence, growth phase duration, rate, size of the dominant follicle and duration of wave between postpartum ovulated and anestrum cows.
{"title":"Characterization of Postpartum Ovarian Follicular Development Pattern in Crossbred Cows","authors":"Sengodan Raja, Soundarapandian Satheshkumar, Maniprabhu Selvaraju, Vaiyapuri Prabaharan, Masilamani Ramachandran, Paramasivam Athinarayanan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The postpartum period is crucial for cattle reproduction. The length of postpartum anestrus significantly impacts reproductive efficiency. Apparently enhanced energy attribution to milk production may lead to anestrus by delaying the onset of follicular activity. The absence of an ovulation stimulus, rather than insufficient follicle growth, determines the limited duration until ovulation. The current study was aimed to document the postpartum ovarian dynamics in crossbred Jersey cows. Methods: The study was conducted in ten postpartum crossbred Jersey cows. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed to record the follicular development pattern from parturition till two ovulation or 90 days postpartum on alternate days. The data was analyzed for follicular wave emergence, no of follicular waves, size of the dominant follicle and ovulatory status. Result: Fourty per cent of crossbred Jersey cows showed cyclicity and rest 60 per cent of cows are in anestrum. The mean diameter size of the dominant follicle in ovulated cows is 12.2±1.2 mm and in anestrum cows is 10.6±0.4 mm. The first wave emergence is 5.7±0.3 and 10.8±5.9 day in OV and NOV group respectively. In conclusion significant difference could be observed in emergence of first, second, third, fourth and fifth follicular wave emergence, growth phase duration, rate, size of the dominant follicle and duration of wave between postpartum ovulated and anestrum cows.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Priyatharshni, P. Ruby, Cheryl Antony, C. Rajagopalsamy
Background: The present study was aimed to determine effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with sesame meal (SSM) in the diet of Juvenile Thai chitralada tilapia. Methods: The study was undertaken with different inclusion levels of sesame meal (SSM) such as T1 (25% SSM), T2 (30% SSM), T3 (35% SSM) and control feed (C) for a period of 90 days. Result: Thai-Chitralada tilapia fed with T3 (35% SSM) diet attained maximum mean weight gain (28.09 g), highest specific growth rate (SGR) (2.69%), best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.04), maximum average daily growth (ADG) (0.31 g) and maximum protein efficiency ratio (PER) (8.87). The lowest growth rate (GR) was observed in the group fed with control diet. Diets with 35% SSM replacement upon SBM showed higher amino acid (AA) profile than other treatments and control diet. Analysed AA profile in T3 - 35% SSM was Arg - 2.88, Hist - 0.86, Isol - 0.92, Leu - 2.60, Lys - 3.78, Met - 0.39, Cys - 0.38, Phe - 1.77, Thr - 1.08, Val - 0.99, Tyro - 1.09, Trypt - 0.24. The higher DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada tilapia was obtained in T3 - 0.459, followed by T1 - 0.44 and T2 - 0.323. The lower DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada was obtained in control - 0.321. One way ANOVA of the data analysis and Duncan multiple range test clearly affirmed that different between and sampling periods, Thai-Tilapia fingerlings had significant difference (P less than 0.05) among the different experimental diets. From the present experiment, it could be concluded that, sesame seed meal can replace 35% SBM in the diets of Thai-Chitralada tilapia.
{"title":"Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Sesame Meal in The Diet of Thai-Chitralada Strain of Oreochromis niloticus (L)","authors":"A. Priyatharshni, P. Ruby, Cheryl Antony, C. Rajagopalsamy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was aimed to determine effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with sesame meal (SSM) in the diet of Juvenile Thai chitralada tilapia. Methods: The study was undertaken with different inclusion levels of sesame meal (SSM) such as T1 (25% SSM), T2 (30% SSM), T3 (35% SSM) and control feed (C) for a period of 90 days. Result: Thai-Chitralada tilapia fed with T3 (35% SSM) diet attained maximum mean weight gain (28.09 g), highest specific growth rate (SGR) (2.69%), best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.04), maximum average daily growth (ADG) (0.31 g) and maximum protein efficiency ratio (PER) (8.87). The lowest growth rate (GR) was observed in the group fed with control diet. Diets with 35% SSM replacement upon SBM showed higher amino acid (AA) profile than other treatments and control diet. Analysed AA profile in T3 - 35% SSM was Arg - 2.88, Hist - 0.86, Isol - 0.92, Leu - 2.60, Lys - 3.78, Met - 0.39, Cys - 0.38, Phe - 1.77, Thr - 1.08, Val - 0.99, Tyro - 1.09, Trypt - 0.24. The higher DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada tilapia was obtained in T3 - 0.459, followed by T1 - 0.44 and T2 - 0.323. The lower DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada was obtained in control - 0.321. One way ANOVA of the data analysis and Duncan multiple range test clearly affirmed that different between and sampling periods, Thai-Tilapia fingerlings had significant difference (P less than 0.05) among the different experimental diets. From the present experiment, it could be concluded that, sesame seed meal can replace 35% SBM in the diets of Thai-Chitralada tilapia.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"218 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhi Gupta, R. Vaish, R.K. Sharma, A. Shahi, A. Mishra, S. Mandal, P. Jain
Background: Synovial fluid is a complex viscous fluid which provides lubrication to the articulating joints to avoid friction and wearing of cartilages. It is also an indicator of health status of joint, but a comparison of its composition between young and adult dogs is lacking. Methods: Present study was conducted to evaluate physical, biochemical and cytological analysis of synovial fluid in apparently healthy stifle joint of young and adult non-descript dogs. Twelve non-descript dogs irrespective of sex were divided into two groups (6 dogs in each group) i.e., group I (2-8 months of age) and group II (1-8 years of age). Dogs died in the OPDs of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Jabalpur were acquired with the consent of pet parent. The duration of study was one year, i.e., from September 2021 to August 2022. Immediately after collection of synovial fluid; volume, colour, viscosity, pH, specific gravity and refractive index were recorded, smear on slides were prepared. Protein and glucose were estimated within one hour using biochemical semi-autoanalyzer. Result: Volume of fluid collected in a single attempt varied from one drop to 0.5 ml. Mean pH values in group I and II were 7.33±0.17 and 7.67±0.25 respectively. Mean values of refractive index and specific gravity were 1.34 and 1.02 respectively in both the groups. Observations of mucin clot test of synovial fluid in group I and II exhibited a tight ropy clot in a clear solution. Turbidity was not observed in any case. Mean protein concentration was 1.29±0.18 g/dl and 2.74±0.84 g/dl in group I and II respectively. The concentration of glucose in group I and II was 102.79±3.66 mg/dl and 105.47±4.19 mg/dl respectively, that was around normal blood plasma level. Cytological observation revealed 1-3 cells per field at 1000x magnification. Mean neutrophil count in both the groups was about 6% of total nucleated cell count. Small mononuclear cells and large mononuclear cells were 19±3.79, 74.33±4.24 and 12.17±2.33, 81.83±2.54 in group I and II respectively. Biochemically and cytologically no significant difference was observed between the group I and II. Vacuolated large mononuclear cells contributed about 6-6.5% of total large mononuclear cells in both the groups. No significant difference was observed in most physical and biochemical parameters of synovial fluid in young and adult dogs, except a higher concentration of protein content in adults.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Cytological Analysis of Synovial Fluid in Young and Adult Dogs","authors":"Nidhi Gupta, R. Vaish, R.K. Sharma, A. Shahi, A. Mishra, S. Mandal, P. Jain","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Synovial fluid is a complex viscous fluid which provides lubrication to the articulating joints to avoid friction and wearing of cartilages. It is also an indicator of health status of joint, but a comparison of its composition between young and adult dogs is lacking. Methods: Present study was conducted to evaluate physical, biochemical and cytological analysis of synovial fluid in apparently healthy stifle joint of young and adult non-descript dogs. Twelve non-descript dogs irrespective of sex were divided into two groups (6 dogs in each group) i.e., group I (2-8 months of age) and group II (1-8 years of age). Dogs died in the OPDs of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Jabalpur were acquired with the consent of pet parent. The duration of study was one year, i.e., from September 2021 to August 2022. Immediately after collection of synovial fluid; volume, colour, viscosity, pH, specific gravity and refractive index were recorded, smear on slides were prepared. Protein and glucose were estimated within one hour using biochemical semi-autoanalyzer. Result: Volume of fluid collected in a single attempt varied from one drop to 0.5 ml. Mean pH values in group I and II were 7.33±0.17 and 7.67±0.25 respectively. Mean values of refractive index and specific gravity were 1.34 and 1.02 respectively in both the groups. Observations of mucin clot test of synovial fluid in group I and II exhibited a tight ropy clot in a clear solution. Turbidity was not observed in any case. Mean protein concentration was 1.29±0.18 g/dl and 2.74±0.84 g/dl in group I and II respectively. The concentration of glucose in group I and II was 102.79±3.66 mg/dl and 105.47±4.19 mg/dl respectively, that was around normal blood plasma level. Cytological observation revealed 1-3 cells per field at 1000x magnification. Mean neutrophil count in both the groups was about 6% of total nucleated cell count. Small mononuclear cells and large mononuclear cells were 19±3.79, 74.33±4.24 and 12.17±2.33, 81.83±2.54 in group I and II respectively. Biochemically and cytologically no significant difference was observed between the group I and II. Vacuolated large mononuclear cells contributed about 6-6.5% of total large mononuclear cells in both the groups. No significant difference was observed in most physical and biochemical parameters of synovial fluid in young and adult dogs, except a higher concentration of protein content in adults.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Drones and other unmanned aerial vehicles have expanded the freedom to control and observe operations from distant areas. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of machine learning in drone technology for monitoring and analyzing cattle movement patterns. The traditional methods of tracking cattle movement, such as manual surveys or using satellite imagery, are time-consuming and often lack precision. With the integration of machine learning algorithms, drones offer a cost-effective and efficient solution to monitor large grazing areas accurately. This project will use algorithms to be able to test the viability and possible advantages of merging machine learning and drones for tracking cattle movement, Methods: This study makes use of a dataset of images collected from open data initiatives and crowd-sourced ground truth. Support Vector Machine (SVMs) are one of the machine learning approaches used as a classifier. The encouraging findings demonstrate that if a low precision (10 to 25%) is acceptable, true positive rates in the series of 70 to 85% are feasible. The study also covers data acquisition-related characteristics, like image resolution. Result: The integration of machine learning algorithms in drone technology for tracking cattle movement represents a promising approach to revolutionizing the livestock industry.
{"title":"Application of Machine Learning in Drone Technology for Tracking Cattle Movement","authors":"Ahmad Alzubi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1697","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drones and other unmanned aerial vehicles have expanded the freedom to control and observe operations from distant areas. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of machine learning in drone technology for monitoring and analyzing cattle movement patterns. The traditional methods of tracking cattle movement, such as manual surveys or using satellite imagery, are time-consuming and often lack precision. With the integration of machine learning algorithms, drones offer a cost-effective and efficient solution to monitor large grazing areas accurately. This project will use algorithms to be able to test the viability and possible advantages of merging machine learning and drones for tracking cattle movement, Methods: This study makes use of a dataset of images collected from open data initiatives and crowd-sourced ground truth. Support Vector Machine (SVMs) are one of the machine learning approaches used as a classifier. The encouraging findings demonstrate that if a low precision (10 to 25%) is acceptable, true positive rates in the series of 70 to 85% are feasible. The study also covers data acquisition-related characteristics, like image resolution. Result: The integration of machine learning algorithms in drone technology for tracking cattle movement represents a promising approach to revolutionizing the livestock industry.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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