Routine diagnosis of pulmonary disorders in bovines by physical examination, hematology and radiography is not sufficient to establish confirmatory diagnosis. Tracheo-bronchial aspirates (TBA) can be used as a reliable sample for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract affections in cattle. Percutaneous tracheo-bronchial aspirate sampling was performed in 173 standing conscious cattle using two types of catheters. Fifty four cows were sampled with Large Animal transtracheal wash Kit (MILA International, Inc. USA) and 119 with infant feeding tube. Cytologic analysis of TBA smears was performed to assess the diagnostic utility of samples. Diagnostic samples were obtained in 87.8 per cent cows (152/173). Sampling using commercial catheter and infant feeding tube retrieved diagnostic samples in 90.7 per cent and 86.6 per cent of cows, whereas repeated infusions were required in 61.2 per cent and 78.7 per cent of cases, respectively. None of the cows exhibited complications post sampling. Infant feeding tube (7 Fr) with 10 G steel introduction catheter was effectively used in the collection of TBA and was comparable with commercial catheter. Present communication reports first systematic study on collection of TBA by percutaneous method in adult pneumonic cattle.
{"title":"Novel Work on Collection of Tracheo-bronchial Aspirates in Pneumonic Cattle","authors":"Asmita Narang, Charanjit Singh, Ashwani Kumar, Dhiraj Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5142","url":null,"abstract":"Routine diagnosis of pulmonary disorders in bovines by physical examination, hematology and radiography is not sufficient to establish confirmatory diagnosis. Tracheo-bronchial aspirates (TBA) can be used as a reliable sample for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract affections in cattle. Percutaneous tracheo-bronchial aspirate sampling was performed in 173 standing conscious cattle using two types of catheters. Fifty four cows were sampled with Large Animal transtracheal wash Kit (MILA International, Inc. USA) and 119 with infant feeding tube. Cytologic analysis of TBA smears was performed to assess the diagnostic utility of samples. Diagnostic samples were obtained in 87.8 per cent cows (152/173). Sampling using commercial catheter and infant feeding tube retrieved diagnostic samples in 90.7 per cent and 86.6 per cent of cows, whereas repeated infusions were required in 61.2 per cent and 78.7 per cent of cases, respectively. None of the cows exhibited complications post sampling. Infant feeding tube (7 Fr) with 10 G steel introduction catheter was effectively used in the collection of TBA and was comparable with commercial catheter. Present communication reports first systematic study on collection of TBA by percutaneous method in adult pneumonic cattle.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ülker, S. Kızıl, B. Bayraktar, M.E. Alçığır, O. Kul, H.Kaya, H.Ürüşan, Ş.aydemir, G.C. Kotan, A.U.Önel, E.M.Çeçen, G.Yaldız
Background: The aim of this study is to examine the microbiological, clinical, physiological and pathological findings of natural polymicrobial infection developing in a wistar rat colony under long-term observation. Methods: In this study, 70 male Wistar albino rats, 3 years old, raised by conventional methods and housed in a cage environment were used. Thirteen rats with clinical symptoms such as torticollis and rotation were sacrificed for microbiological and histopathological examination after 14 days. For microbiological examination, the rapid diagnostic kit BBL Crystal system was used to identify bacterial agents in tissue and stool samples, and the traditional culture method was used for isolation. Result: As a result of microbiological analysis, the rarely isolated Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) was isolated. Different Staphylococcus spp. It has been determined that the species can cause suppurative meningoencephalitis as well as septicemia in the brains of experimental animals., it is thought that polymicrobial infection will be useful for the identification of bacterial agents and infection prevention and treatment strategies.
{"title":"Investigation of Microbiological, Physiological and Histopathological Changes in Polymicrobial Infection in Old Rats","authors":"U. Ülker, S. Kızıl, B. Bayraktar, M.E. Alçığır, O. Kul, H.Kaya, H.Ürüşan, Ş.aydemir, G.C. Kotan, A.U.Önel, E.M.Çeçen, G.Yaldız","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1676","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study is to examine the microbiological, clinical, physiological and pathological findings of natural polymicrobial infection developing in a wistar rat colony under long-term observation. Methods: In this study, 70 male Wistar albino rats, 3 years old, raised by conventional methods and housed in a cage environment were used. Thirteen rats with clinical symptoms such as torticollis and rotation were sacrificed for microbiological and histopathological examination after 14 days. For microbiological examination, the rapid diagnostic kit BBL Crystal system was used to identify bacterial agents in tissue and stool samples, and the traditional culture method was used for isolation. Result: As a result of microbiological analysis, the rarely isolated Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) was isolated. Different Staphylococcus spp. It has been determined that the species can cause suppurative meningoencephalitis as well as septicemia in the brains of experimental animals., it is thought that polymicrobial infection will be useful for the identification of bacterial agents and infection prevention and treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"456 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surita Majumder, Tanay Ghosh, Ajit Kumar, S.K. Dash, M. Senapati, L. Samal
Background: In the present study, genetic analysis of Malkangiri goat, a native goat population of southern Odisha is made. Methods: The present study area was under south eastern ghat agro climatic zones in Odisha. These goat type is raised under semi-intensive system of management with a flock size ranging from 5 to 35. The body weight and some biometric traits were recorded from birth to 12 months at an interval of 3 months. Estimation of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlation also were reported in this research article. Result: Overall body weight of this goat type were found to be 16.31±0.17 kg with height of 57.44±0.50 cm at marketable weight of 12 months. The heritability estimate of body weight was recorded as 0.19±0.13 and 0.22±0.15, respectively at birth and 12 month of age. The heritability estimates of HW, BL, HG and PG at 12 month of age were 0.13, 0.32, 0.22, 0.13, respectively. The genetic correlation among the body weight and body measurement traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.91, whereas, the phenotypic correlation range from 0.18 to 0.52 at 12 month of age. This information on the genetic analysis may be helpful in developing further breed improvement strategies and conservation.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Malkangiri Goats in its Native Tract","authors":"Surita Majumder, Tanay Ghosh, Ajit Kumar, S.K. Dash, M. Senapati, L. Samal","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the present study, genetic analysis of Malkangiri goat, a native goat population of southern Odisha is made. Methods: The present study area was under south eastern ghat agro climatic zones in Odisha. These goat type is raised under semi-intensive system of management with a flock size ranging from 5 to 35. The body weight and some biometric traits were recorded from birth to 12 months at an interval of 3 months. Estimation of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlation also were reported in this research article. Result: Overall body weight of this goat type were found to be 16.31±0.17 kg with height of 57.44±0.50 cm at marketable weight of 12 months. The heritability estimate of body weight was recorded as 0.19±0.13 and 0.22±0.15, respectively at birth and 12 month of age. The heritability estimates of HW, BL, HG and PG at 12 month of age were 0.13, 0.32, 0.22, 0.13, respectively. The genetic correlation among the body weight and body measurement traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.91, whereas, the phenotypic correlation range from 0.18 to 0.52 at 12 month of age. This information on the genetic analysis may be helpful in developing further breed improvement strategies and conservation.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mares, M. Murshed, Hossam M A Aljawdah, S. Al-Quraishy
Background: The safety of laboratory mice plays an important role in the success of laboratory experiments for correct and accurate results. Parasites are one of the most common diseases that affect most organisms. The worm Aspiculuris tetraptera is a common intestinal parasite of Mus musculus and rats, it is spread around the world. Aspiculuris tetraptera infection remains a problem for modern research groups; They should be excluded and monitored in rat populations due to their effects on animal health. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the anthelmintic activity of Laurus nobilis extract in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera. Used was Thirty-six adult male and female (C57BL/6) mice, naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera, were divided into six groups, each comprising six mice: Group 1, was the negative control (infected, untreated), and Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 400 ìg/ml of L. nobilis for 5 days respectively. Group 6 was treated with 10 mg/mL Albendazole for 3 days as a positive control. Different six treatments were used to test Aspiculuris tetraptera worms in vitro, Containing 4 concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) of L. nobilis extract. Ten actively moving adult worms were then placed in each petri dish at room temperature. A saline solution and 10 mg/ml of Albendazole were prepared and used as negative and positive controls. After treatment, observations were made by recording the death time for worms at 20, 40, 80, 120 and 180 minutes. Worms are considered dead if they do not move for 30 seconds after touching their body parts using a surgical needle and the petri dish is shaken. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for alcoholic extracts of L. nobilis extracts revealed the presence of 15% effective chemical ingredients responsible for killing worms’ activity. In vitro, worms died in 20, 40, 80, 120 and 180 minutes. Attained 96% and 100% after 180 minutes at the highest concentrations (200 and 400 mg/ml). At the same time, the untreated group lasted for long hours. The effects of the plant extract (Laurus nobilis) on Aspiculuris tetraptera worms were studied in vivo at therapeutic doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL. and the concentration of 400 ml/kg showed the most lethal effects for worms, infected mice that did not receive drugs were compared with the highest concentration of the extract and the reference treatment. The attention showed significant differences P≤0.05. The results showed that the mortality rate of worms taken from the intestines of the treated mice that were slaughtered three and six sdays after giving the treatment reached 96% and 100% in the concentration of 400 ml/kg of the extract and 89% and 97%for the mice that treated in 10 ml/kg of met Albendazole respectively. This research showed that herbal remedies could lead to new parasitic disease drugs, and their derivatives can be used for medication production and bioactivity im
{"title":"The Assessment of the Anthelmintic Activity of Laurus nobilis Extract in Mice Naturally Infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera","authors":"M. Mares, M. Murshed, Hossam M A Aljawdah, S. Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1693","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The safety of laboratory mice plays an important role in the success of laboratory experiments for correct and accurate results. Parasites are one of the most common diseases that affect most organisms. The worm Aspiculuris tetraptera is a common intestinal parasite of Mus musculus and rats, it is spread around the world. Aspiculuris tetraptera infection remains a problem for modern research groups; They should be excluded and monitored in rat populations due to their effects on animal health. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the anthelmintic activity of Laurus nobilis extract in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera. Used was Thirty-six adult male and female (C57BL/6) mice, naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera, were divided into six groups, each comprising six mice: Group 1, was the negative control (infected, untreated), and Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 400 ìg/ml of L. nobilis for 5 days respectively. Group 6 was treated with 10 mg/mL Albendazole for 3 days as a positive control. Different six treatments were used to test Aspiculuris tetraptera worms in vitro, Containing 4 concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) of L. nobilis extract. Ten actively moving adult worms were then placed in each petri dish at room temperature. A saline solution and 10 mg/ml of Albendazole were prepared and used as negative and positive controls. After treatment, observations were made by recording the death time for worms at 20, 40, 80, 120 and 180 minutes. Worms are considered dead if they do not move for 30 seconds after touching their body parts using a surgical needle and the petri dish is shaken. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for alcoholic extracts of L. nobilis extracts revealed the presence of 15% effective chemical ingredients responsible for killing worms’ activity. In vitro, worms died in 20, 40, 80, 120 and 180 minutes. Attained 96% and 100% after 180 minutes at the highest concentrations (200 and 400 mg/ml). At the same time, the untreated group lasted for long hours. The effects of the plant extract (Laurus nobilis) on Aspiculuris tetraptera worms were studied in vivo at therapeutic doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL. and the concentration of 400 ml/kg showed the most lethal effects for worms, infected mice that did not receive drugs were compared with the highest concentration of the extract and the reference treatment. The attention showed significant differences P≤0.05. The results showed that the mortality rate of worms taken from the intestines of the treated mice that were slaughtered three and six sdays after giving the treatment reached 96% and 100% in the concentration of 400 ml/kg of the extract and 89% and 97%for the mice that treated in 10 ml/kg of met Albendazole respectively. This research showed that herbal remedies could lead to new parasitic disease drugs, and their derivatives can be used for medication production and bioactivity im","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"35 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sundar, T.J. Harikrishnan, B. R. Latha, T.M.A. Senthil Kumar, G. S. Chandra, A. Pandian, C. Pandian
Background: House fly menace is a major problem in poultry farms and nearby households. Though application of insecticides is one of the major approaches in house fly control, development of insecticide resistance is widely prevalent. Use of house fly traps is an ecofriendly alternate strategy in control of house flies. In the present study, delta traps were used to control house flies in poultry units. Methods: Red acrylic delta traps with two different pellet baits (FMP and FMPB) were placed at ground level in poultry units housing caged layer chicken with a distance of 90 cm between two traps for seven days continuously and trial was replicated six times. Trapped flies were counted, sexed and species identified. Spot cards were used to determine house fly density pre-and post-trapping. Correlation of house fly population with meteorological parameters was assessed. Result: Out of the 80410 flies trapped, 52.74 per cent (42415 flies) and 47.25 per cent (37994 flies) were trapped in FMPB and FMP pellet baited traps, respectively. Daily fly trapping pattern showed variations. Overall trap catches were dominated by female flies. Reduction in spot card count was 36.34 per cent after deployment of traps. Trap catches correlated positively with temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Two species Musca domestica domestica and Musca domestica vicina were identified.
{"title":"Control of Musca domestica (House Fly) in Poultry Units using Delta Traps","authors":"S. Sundar, T.J. Harikrishnan, B. R. Latha, T.M.A. Senthil Kumar, G. S. Chandra, A. Pandian, C. Pandian","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: House fly menace is a major problem in poultry farms and nearby households. Though application of insecticides is one of the major approaches in house fly control, development of insecticide resistance is widely prevalent. Use of house fly traps is an ecofriendly alternate strategy in control of house flies. In the present study, delta traps were used to control house flies in poultry units. Methods: Red acrylic delta traps with two different pellet baits (FMP and FMPB) were placed at ground level in poultry units housing caged layer chicken with a distance of 90 cm between two traps for seven days continuously and trial was replicated six times. Trapped flies were counted, sexed and species identified. Spot cards were used to determine house fly density pre-and post-trapping. Correlation of house fly population with meteorological parameters was assessed. Result: Out of the 80410 flies trapped, 52.74 per cent (42415 flies) and 47.25 per cent (37994 flies) were trapped in FMPB and FMP pellet baited traps, respectively. Daily fly trapping pattern showed variations. Overall trap catches were dominated by female flies. Reduction in spot card count was 36.34 per cent after deployment of traps. Trap catches correlated positively with temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Two species Musca domestica domestica and Musca domestica vicina were identified.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Murshed, M. Mares, Hossam M A Aljawdah, S. Al-Quraishy
Background: The epidemiology of parasitic infections is common in rabbit flocks and poses a significant threat to public health. And the most famous and influential of these causes are coccidia parasites, Coccidiosis in rabbits is an infection caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to Eimeria, which is considered a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Methods: A total of 210 fresh feces samples of adult domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were collected from Riyadh City, Al Kharj and ADilam in Saudi Arabia to examine the incidence of the Eimeria infection of microscopically. Feces concentrated by the floatation technique. After that, freshly collected non-sporulated oocysts were suspended in 2.5% (W/V) potassium dichromate, placed in Petri dishes in the air, and allowed to sporulate at room temperature (25±3oC). The morphometric and specific characteristics of sporulated oocysts were studied by an Olympus microscope (BX51ggTF, OLYMPUS, Tokyo, Japan) using the oil immersion lens. Specimens were taken from all parts intestine and liver, and the tissues were kept in 10% formalin immediately and make tissue sections and that to study the histopathological change under light microscopic. Result: An investigation was conducted in three cities in the Riyadh area (Riyadh, Al Kharj and Adilam) to determine the incidence of Eimeria species that parasitize local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The overall frequency of these coccidial illnesses in rabbits in Riyadh City was 45.7%, in Adilam City it was 44.2% and in Al Kharj City it was 37.1%, respectively. There were five different species of Eimeria: E. magna, E. flavescens, E. exigua, E. striedae and E. coecicola, respectively. More than one species of Eimeria oocyst was obtained in the same examined sample. single-infection 13/90 (14.4%), dual-infection 39/90 (43.3%) and triple-infection 38/90 (42.2%). E. magna; E. flavescens; E. exigua; E. stiedae and E. coecicola, respectively. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in prevalence were observed between the rabbits. Eimeria infection that affects the liver was confirmed by histopathological changes that were noted through the development of parasitic stages in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, end cecum and liver. It is possible to conclude that the current research offers pertinent information that aids in determining potential infection and future preventative measures against rabbit coccidiosis to lessen financial losses in the rabbit industry.
{"title":"A Comparison in Terms of Prevalence, Morphological and Histopathological Changes between Eimeria spp. that Infect Local Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Some Regions of Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Murshed, M. Mares, Hossam M A Aljawdah, S. Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1682","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The epidemiology of parasitic infections is common in rabbit flocks and poses a significant threat to public health. And the most famous and influential of these causes are coccidia parasites, Coccidiosis in rabbits is an infection caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to Eimeria, which is considered a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Methods: A total of 210 fresh feces samples of adult domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were collected from Riyadh City, Al Kharj and ADilam in Saudi Arabia to examine the incidence of the Eimeria infection of microscopically. Feces concentrated by the floatation technique. After that, freshly collected non-sporulated oocysts were suspended in 2.5% (W/V) potassium dichromate, placed in Petri dishes in the air, and allowed to sporulate at room temperature (25±3oC). The morphometric and specific characteristics of sporulated oocysts were studied by an Olympus microscope (BX51ggTF, OLYMPUS, Tokyo, Japan) using the oil immersion lens. Specimens were taken from all parts intestine and liver, and the tissues were kept in 10% formalin immediately and make tissue sections and that to study the histopathological change under light microscopic. Result: An investigation was conducted in three cities in the Riyadh area (Riyadh, Al Kharj and Adilam) to determine the incidence of Eimeria species that parasitize local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The overall frequency of these coccidial illnesses in rabbits in Riyadh City was 45.7%, in Adilam City it was 44.2% and in Al Kharj City it was 37.1%, respectively. There were five different species of Eimeria: E. magna, E. flavescens, E. exigua, E. striedae and E. coecicola, respectively. More than one species of Eimeria oocyst was obtained in the same examined sample. single-infection 13/90 (14.4%), dual-infection 39/90 (43.3%) and triple-infection 38/90 (42.2%). E. magna; E. flavescens; E. exigua; E. stiedae and E. coecicola, respectively. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in prevalence were observed between the rabbits. Eimeria infection that affects the liver was confirmed by histopathological changes that were noted through the development of parasitic stages in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, end cecum and liver. It is possible to conclude that the current research offers pertinent information that aids in determining potential infection and future preventative measures against rabbit coccidiosis to lessen financial losses in the rabbit industry.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rajathi, K. Raja, V. Ramakrishnan, R. Gnanadevi, P. Dharani, T. Kannan, G. Ramesh
Background: The pancreas is an accessory organ of the digestive system and also an important endocrine organ of vertebrates that produce and release substances in the body. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine function. Its endocrine function is to regulate blood sugar levels by secretion of hormones like insulin, glucagon, stomatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide and an exocrine function that helps in digestion. The study was performed to document the ultrastructural details of pancreas of guinea pigs by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Methods: Six adult healthy guinea pigs of 16-32 weeks of age (Irrespective of sex) were procured from the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, TANUVAS as per ethical committee approval. Animals were dissected according to standard operating procedure by using the Carbon dioxide asphyxiations as per CPCSEA norms and pancreatic pieces were utilised for SEM and TEM study. Result: Pancreas was irregular in shaped and showed splenic, ventricular and intestinal lobes. In SEM, the parenchyma was covered by the dense irregular capsule. Each lobule contained many acini which were connected by a thin, long duct with branched pattern arrangement with increasing wall thickness and diameter. In TEM, the pancreatic tissue consisted of glandular lobules comprised of acini, islets of Langerhans and connective tissue between the lobules. Numerous mitochondria and golgi complexes were also present in the acinar cell cytoplasm along with zymogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The centroacinar cells were also found. A special type of interstitial cell named telocytes and each was found with many telopodes in the exocrine part of pancreatic parenchyma. Among the four islet cell types, alpha and beta cells could be identified.
背景：胰腺是消化系统的附属器官，也是脊椎动物重要的内分泌器官，能产生和释放体内物质。胰腺具有内分泌和外分泌两种功能。它的内分泌功能是通过分泌胰岛素、胰高血糖素、胃泌素和胰多肽等激素来调节血糖水平，而外分泌功能则是帮助消化。本研究通过扫描和透射电子显微镜记录了豚鼠胰腺的超微结构细节。研究方法经伦理委员会批准，从塔努瓦斯大学实验动物医学系购买了 6 只 16-32 周大的成年健康豚鼠（不分男女）。按照 CPCSEA 规范使用二氧化碳窒息法，按照标准操作程序解剖动物，并利用胰腺碎片进行 SEM 和 TEM 研究。结果：胰腺形状不规则，显示出脾叶、室叶和肠叶。在扫描电子显微镜下，实质被致密的不规则包囊覆盖。每个小叶都包含许多渐缩管，这些渐缩管由细长的导管连接，导管呈分枝状排列，管壁厚度和直径不断增加。在 TEM 中，胰腺组织由腺小叶、朗格汉斯小体和小叶之间的结缔组织组成。许多线粒体和高尔基复合体以及酵母颗粒和粗面内质网也存在于尖细胞胞质中。此外，还发现了中心针叶细胞。在胰腺实质的外分泌部分发现了一种特殊的间质细胞，名为端粒细胞，每种细胞都有许多端粒。在四种胰岛细胞类型中，可以发现α细胞和β细胞。
{"title":"Ultrastructural Architecture Studies of Pancreas in Guinea pig","authors":"S. Rajathi, K. Raja, V. Ramakrishnan, R. Gnanadevi, P. Dharani, T. Kannan, G. Ramesh","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pancreas is an accessory organ of the digestive system and also an important endocrine organ of vertebrates that produce and release substances in the body. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine function. Its endocrine function is to regulate blood sugar levels by secretion of hormones like insulin, glucagon, stomatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide and an exocrine function that helps in digestion. The study was performed to document the ultrastructural details of pancreas of guinea pigs by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Methods: Six adult healthy guinea pigs of 16-32 weeks of age (Irrespective of sex) were procured from the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, TANUVAS as per ethical committee approval. Animals were dissected according to standard operating procedure by using the Carbon dioxide asphyxiations as per CPCSEA norms and pancreatic pieces were utilised for SEM and TEM study. Result: Pancreas was irregular in shaped and showed splenic, ventricular and intestinal lobes. In SEM, the parenchyma was covered by the dense irregular capsule. Each lobule contained many acini which were connected by a thin, long duct with branched pattern arrangement with increasing wall thickness and diameter. In TEM, the pancreatic tissue consisted of glandular lobules comprised of acini, islets of Langerhans and connective tissue between the lobules. Numerous mitochondria and golgi complexes were also present in the acinar cell cytoplasm along with zymogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The centroacinar cells were also found. A special type of interstitial cell named telocytes and each was found with many telopodes in the exocrine part of pancreatic parenchyma. Among the four islet cell types, alpha and beta cells could be identified.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With a focus on the teat end microbiota and their molecular characterisation, the goal of the current study is to determine how teat health characteristics affect the development of this condition. Methods: Total 100 lactating dairy buffaloes of different parity were screened for mastitis. A battery of tests, including the California mastitis test (CMT), white side teat (WST), pH and somatic cell count (SCC), were used to screen buffaloes for mastitis. Samples that showed a strong positive reaction were chosen. Teat-end swabs collected for bacterial examination and analyse for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Result: Significant correlation (P less than 0.01) was established between teat end score and all other teat parameters namely teat skin color score, teat roughness, teat chapping and teat condition score. The amplification of 16S r DNA by PCR with universal primer 27F-1492R which span nearly full length of 16 SrRNA gene with expected amplicon of 144-1500bp. If farmers are to be properly prevented, awareness among them must be raised. It was anticipated that if the microbial load were to decrease, so would the likelihood of contracting an infection. The udder health kit, which was made with locally created pre- and post-milking dips and cleaning chemicals, decreased the bacterial load, enhanced the teat health score and improved the milk profile and could thus be replicated for use in the field.
背景:当前研究的重点是乳头末端微生物群及其分子特征，目的是确定乳头健康特征如何影响这种疾病的发展。方法:对100头不同胎次的泌乳水牛进行乳腺炎筛查。一系列测试，包括加州乳腺炎试验(CMT)，白侧乳头(WST)， pH值和体细胞计数(SCC)，用于筛选水牛乳腺炎。选择表现出强烈阳性反应的样品。收集末端拭子进行细菌检查，并分析分子特征和系统发育分析。结果:乳末评分与乳皮肤颜色评分、乳粗糙度评分、乳皲裂评分、乳状态评分均有显著相关(P < 0.01)。用通用引物27F-1492R扩增16S r DNA，该引物几乎覆盖了16srrna基因的全部长度，预期扩增子为144-1500bp。如果要适当地预防农民，就必须提高他们的意识。预计如果微生物负荷减少，那么感染的可能性也会减少。乳房保健包是用当地制造的挤奶前和挤奶后的蘸料和清洁化学品制成的，减少了细菌负荷，提高了乳房健康评分，改善了牛奶的质量，因此可以在现场复制使用。
{"title":"Teat Health and Mastitis in Buffalo","authors":"SV Singh, JP Singh, DP Srivastava, Vibha Yadav, D Niyogi, RK Joshi, Dinesh Yadav, Rakesh Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With a focus on the teat end microbiota and their molecular characterisation, the goal of the current study is to determine how teat health characteristics affect the development of this condition. Methods: Total 100 lactating dairy buffaloes of different parity were screened for mastitis. A battery of tests, including the California mastitis test (CMT), white side teat (WST), pH and somatic cell count (SCC), were used to screen buffaloes for mastitis. Samples that showed a strong positive reaction were chosen. Teat-end swabs collected for bacterial examination and analyse for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Result: Significant correlation (P less than 0.01) was established between teat end score and all other teat parameters namely teat skin color score, teat roughness, teat chapping and teat condition score. The amplification of 16S r DNA by PCR with universal primer 27F-1492R which span nearly full length of 16 SrRNA gene with expected amplicon of 144-1500bp. If farmers are to be properly prevented, awareness among them must be raised. It was anticipated that if the microbial load were to decrease, so would the likelihood of contracting an infection. The udder health kit, which was made with locally created pre- and post-milking dips and cleaning chemicals, decreased the bacterial load, enhanced the teat health score and improved the milk profile and could thus be replicated for use in the field.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"104 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater fish rearing systems. Multiple factors can be involved in the virulence processes of Aeromonas bacteria. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. veronii isolated from freshwater fishes. Methods: In this investigation, we isolated A. veronii from cultured freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Catla catla. A. veronii was identified by bacterial staining and culture characteristics. In addition, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the distribution of nine virulence genes including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxin (442, 272 bp), elastase, enolase, flagellin, lipase, serine protease and DNase. Result: A total of 88 A. veronii strains were isolated, which includes 56 strains from rohu and 33 strains from catla. The strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria and the colonies are yellow on blood agar. All the A. veronii strains were positive for at least one or more virulence genes tested. The isolates carried more virulence genes, especially in the combination of aer,alt, ela, lip, AhyB genes were found to be more virulent. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was determined and the strains of A. veronii showed 100% resistance to tetracycline, pencillin and â-lactum group of antibiotics. In addition, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes ranged from 0.24 to 0.76, suggesting that they originated from high risk contaminated zones were (W. Godavari and Nellore districts) antimicrobials are often used.
{"title":"Detection of Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii Isolates from Labeo rohita and Catla catla","authors":"Chethurajupalli Lavanya, Tambireddy Neeraja, T.V. Ramana, Mamatha Dasari, Satyanarayan Boda, Mohana Swapna Narra, Ramadasu Srinivasulu Sravani, K. Bheemeswararao","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aeromonas veronii is the most common bacterium responsible for diseases in freshwater fish rearing systems. Multiple factors can be involved in the virulence processes of Aeromonas bacteria. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. veronii isolated from freshwater fishes. Methods: In this investigation, we isolated A. veronii from cultured freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Catla catla. A. veronii was identified by bacterial staining and culture characteristics. In addition, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the distribution of nine virulence genes including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxin (442, 272 bp), elastase, enolase, flagellin, lipase, serine protease and DNase. Result: A total of 88 A. veronii strains were isolated, which includes 56 strains from rohu and 33 strains from catla. The strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria and the colonies are yellow on blood agar. All the A. veronii strains were positive for at least one or more virulence genes tested. The isolates carried more virulence genes, especially in the combination of aer,alt, ela, lip, AhyB genes were found to be more virulent. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was determined and the strains of A. veronii showed 100% resistance to tetracycline, pencillin and â-lactum group of antibiotics. In addition, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes ranged from 0.24 to 0.76, suggesting that they originated from high risk contaminated zones were (W. Godavari and Nellore districts) antimicrobials are often used.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blackground: With the advent of AI technology, great strides have been made in the realm of animal healthcare. This article delves into the numerous uses of AI in veterinary medicine and demonstrates its revolutionary potential in the field. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown impressive skills in illness detection, using medical imaging analysis to help veterinarians discover and categorise diseases with greater accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, predictive analytics algorithms use various data sources, such as electronic health records and genetic profiles, to recognise trends and forecast illness outbreaks, allowing veterinarians to remotely monitor vital signs and act swiftly paving the way for preventative measures and individualised treatment. Methods: The purpose of this article is to offer a synopsis of the many ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to improve the health and well-being of animals. Understanding the effects of AI in animal healthcare and setting the stage for its further development will be accomplished via an examination of the present state of the subject. Results: It is evident that through mountains of data from studies and clinical trials, AI is helping to speed up the discovery of novel treatments and improve the understanding of animal health. A responsible and useful application of AI in animal healthcare requires the establishment of ethical concerns, data protection, and regulatory frameworks. Method: This document provides a synopsis of the many ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to improve the health and well-being of animals.
{"title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence in Monitoring of Animal Health and Welfare","authors":"Ahmad Ali AlZubi, Maha Al-Zu'bi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1698","url":null,"abstract":"Blackground: With the advent of AI technology, great strides have been made in the realm of animal healthcare. This article delves into the numerous uses of AI in veterinary medicine and demonstrates its revolutionary potential in the field. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown impressive skills in illness detection, using medical imaging analysis to help veterinarians discover and categorise diseases with greater accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, predictive analytics algorithms use various data sources, such as electronic health records and genetic profiles, to recognise trends and forecast illness outbreaks, allowing veterinarians to remotely monitor vital signs and act swiftly paving the way for preventative measures and individualised treatment. Methods: The purpose of this article is to offer a synopsis of the many ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to improve the health and well-being of animals. Understanding the effects of AI in animal healthcare and setting the stage for its further development will be accomplished via an examination of the present state of the subject. Results: It is evident that through mountains of data from studies and clinical trials, AI is helping to speed up the discovery of novel treatments and improve the understanding of animal health. A responsible and useful application of AI in animal healthcare requires the establishment of ethical concerns, data protection, and regulatory frameworks. Method: This document provides a synopsis of the many ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to improve the health and well-being of animals.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"72 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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