Background: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is produced throughout life and contributes to the growth of nearly all the organs in the body. Current study investigated the relationship between IGF-1 concentrations with body trait measurements in prepubertal period of male and female Assam Hill Goat kids. Methods: Twenty-four (24) goat kids (12 male + 12 female) were used for the experiment for a period of 7 months (March-September, 2022). Climatic data points were obtained from the State Meteorological Department, Meghalaya and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated. The experimental months was grouped into fourteen (14) periods (Period 1-14) based on the severity of heat stress as indicated by the THI values. Blood samples were collected at every 15 days interval for determination of serum IGF-1 levels and on the same day of collection the phenotypic growth trait measurements were recorded. Result: Results showed that the IGF-1 concentration in the experimental kids significantly (P less than 0.05) increased until Period 6; then a steady non-significant (P greater than 0.05) decline till Period 14. Correlations between IGF-1 concentrations and the phenotypic body trait measurements were significant (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, serum IGF-1 level increases with increase in THI which may be attributed to its thermos-protective effect against environmental stressors.
{"title":"Exploring the Link Between Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Body Trait Measurements in Prepubertal Goat Kids in a Humid Subtropical Climate","authors":"Sourabh Deori, Sayed Nabil Abedin, Himsikha Chakravarty, Samir Das, Rahul Katiyar, Sunil Doley","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is produced throughout life and contributes to the growth of nearly all the organs in the body. Current study investigated the relationship between IGF-1 concentrations with body trait measurements in prepubertal period of male and female Assam Hill Goat kids. Methods: Twenty-four (24) goat kids (12 male + 12 female) were used for the experiment for a period of 7 months (March-September, 2022). Climatic data points were obtained from the State Meteorological Department, Meghalaya and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated. The experimental months was grouped into fourteen (14) periods (Period 1-14) based on the severity of heat stress as indicated by the THI values. Blood samples were collected at every 15 days interval for determination of serum IGF-1 levels and on the same day of collection the phenotypic growth trait measurements were recorded. Result: Results showed that the IGF-1 concentration in the experimental kids significantly (P less than 0.05) increased until Period 6; then a steady non-significant (P greater than 0.05) decline till Period 14. Correlations between IGF-1 concentrations and the phenotypic body trait measurements were significant (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, serum IGF-1 level increases with increase in THI which may be attributed to its thermos-protective effect against environmental stressors.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The pig is the most efficient feed-converting animal among all livestock and plays a crucial role in improving the socioeconomic status of rural masses. of India. The present study was to develop a best-suited milk replacer for piglets and its effect on growth performance and stress physiology of Ghoongroo piglets. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 20 Ghoongroo piglets divided into four groups, each containing 5 piglets, i.e., 3 treatment groups and 1 control group maintained at Livestock Farm ERS-IVRI, Kalyani. Control group (T0) piglets kept with sows and looked after under standard management practices. Whereas, three treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) piglets were fortified with 3 different kinds of milk replacers and piglets were fed through bottle feeding for 28 days, thereafter, creep feed was started and gradually, milk replacer was stopped. Result: Significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in average body weight (kg) and daily body weight gain (g/day) on 56 days of age between the treatment and control groups. It was also found that feeding milk replacers had no stress on piglets. So, it can be concluded that feeding milk replacers showed improved economic return along with a higher growth rate till weaning without any stress on the piglets.
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Stress Physiology of Ghoongroo Piglets in Tropical Climate","authors":"Ajit Kumar, Nilotpal Ghosh, Syamal Naskar","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5091","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pig is the most efficient feed-converting animal among all livestock and plays a crucial role in improving the socioeconomic status of rural masses. of India. The present study was to develop a best-suited milk replacer for piglets and its effect on growth performance and stress physiology of Ghoongroo piglets. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 20 Ghoongroo piglets divided into four groups, each containing 5 piglets, i.e., 3 treatment groups and 1 control group maintained at Livestock Farm ERS-IVRI, Kalyani. Control group (T0) piglets kept with sows and looked after under standard management practices. Whereas, three treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) piglets were fortified with 3 different kinds of milk replacers and piglets were fed through bottle feeding for 28 days, thereafter, creep feed was started and gradually, milk replacer was stopped. Result: Significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in average body weight (kg) and daily body weight gain (g/day) on 56 days of age between the treatment and control groups. It was also found that feeding milk replacers had no stress on piglets. So, it can be concluded that feeding milk replacers showed improved economic return along with a higher growth rate till weaning without any stress on the piglets.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rajith Reddy, B. Ekambaram, P. Jaya Laxmi, CH. Harikrishna, T.K. Bhattacharya, G. Sushma
Background: Genome editing is a group of technologies that has the ability to change an organism’s DNA. These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome. Several approaches to genome editing have been developed. A well-known one is called CRISPR/Cas9, which is short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9. Editing through CRISPR focuses mainly on the Protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), a crucial region to identify the sgRNAs to target the desired gene or region of DNA. So designing precise single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to minimize off-target effects is critical for the success of gene editing without undesired results. Methods: Hence, in this article, three different online tools are used to design sgRNA to target the prolactin (PRL) gene to knock out. The Gallus gallus Prolactin (PRL) gene sequence is retrieved from NCBI and used for further downstream application. However, all three web tools may vary in design specifications and parameter choices, visualization, downstream analysis functionality, etc. Result: While keeping a straightforward and interactive interface and running with default parameters, all web tools also accept a variety of advanced choices for more specialized searches. This maximizes user flexibility. Three tools produced several sgRNAs that satisfied various criteria for precise gene editing to boost the efficacy of the target prolactin gene. These online tools use a robust approach to identify off-target locations and the results are displayed in an interactive table and within the gene architecture.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Single Guide RNA (sgRNA) Design using Three Different Web Tool Platforms","authors":"B. Rajith Reddy, B. Ekambaram, P. Jaya Laxmi, CH. Harikrishna, T.K. Bhattacharya, G. Sushma","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genome editing is a group of technologies that has the ability to change an organism’s DNA. These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome. Several approaches to genome editing have been developed. A well-known one is called CRISPR/Cas9, which is short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9. Editing through CRISPR focuses mainly on the Protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), a crucial region to identify the sgRNAs to target the desired gene or region of DNA. So designing precise single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to minimize off-target effects is critical for the success of gene editing without undesired results. Methods: Hence, in this article, three different online tools are used to design sgRNA to target the prolactin (PRL) gene to knock out. The Gallus gallus Prolactin (PRL) gene sequence is retrieved from NCBI and used for further downstream application. However, all three web tools may vary in design specifications and parameter choices, visualization, downstream analysis functionality, etc. Result: While keeping a straightforward and interactive interface and running with default parameters, all web tools also accept a variety of advanced choices for more specialized searches. This maximizes user flexibility. Three tools produced several sgRNAs that satisfied various criteria for precise gene editing to boost the efficacy of the target prolactin gene. These online tools use a robust approach to identify off-target locations and the results are displayed in an interactive table and within the gene architecture.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Long-term ethanol consumption causes pathological alterations to the male reproductive system, possibly resulting in infertility. Myrrh is a resin with antioxidant properties that is produced from the bark of Commiphora tree species. This research aimed to observe the protective impact of myrrh extract supplementation on male reproductive injury and toxicity induced by ethanol treatment. Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were orally treated with 40% ethanol (3 g/kg) in combination with myrrh extract (500 mg/kg) for four weeks to investigate the curative efficiency of myrrh extract against ethanol toxicity from physiological, histopathological and genetic aspects. Result: The findings revealed that the sperm count, testosterone level and DNA concentration diminished significantly in the ethanol-treated rats compared to control rats, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), were elevated significantly; severe degenerative changes in the testicular structure and strong testicular DNA fragmentation were also observed. Co-treatment with myrrh attenuated lipid peroxidation and improved testicular histomorphology, testosterone levels and DNA concentrations and pattern, while at the same time, the levels of both HSP70 and TNF-α levels were increased. Our results provide insight into the curative impacts of myrrh on ethanol toxicity resulting from the rich content of curzerene in myrrh, which has antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Myrrh Attenuates Gonadal Toxicity and DNA Fragmentation Induced by Ethanol in Male Rats","authors":"Abeer Alahmari","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1691","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Long-term ethanol consumption causes pathological alterations to the male reproductive system, possibly resulting in infertility. Myrrh is a resin with antioxidant properties that is produced from the bark of Commiphora tree species. This research aimed to observe the protective impact of myrrh extract supplementation on male reproductive injury and toxicity induced by ethanol treatment. Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were orally treated with 40% ethanol (3 g/kg) in combination with myrrh extract (500 mg/kg) for four weeks to investigate the curative efficiency of myrrh extract against ethanol toxicity from physiological, histopathological and genetic aspects. Result: The findings revealed that the sperm count, testosterone level and DNA concentration diminished significantly in the ethanol-treated rats compared to control rats, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), were elevated significantly; severe degenerative changes in the testicular structure and strong testicular DNA fragmentation were also observed. Co-treatment with myrrh attenuated lipid peroxidation and improved testicular histomorphology, testosterone levels and DNA concentrations and pattern, while at the same time, the levels of both HSP70 and TNF-α levels were increased. Our results provide insight into the curative impacts of myrrh on ethanol toxicity resulting from the rich content of curzerene in myrrh, which has antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Feed quality in terms of protein source plays an important role in achieving targeted production. The quality of fish meal available in market is of highly variable in nature. Hence, an attempt was made to see the response of laying ducks to diets where fish was replaced by soybean meal with supplementation of critical aminoacids i.e. lysine and methionine over and above the normal requirement. Methods: A 16 week biological trial consisting of 72 Khaki Campbell laying ducks (83 weeks) subjected to three treatments (T1-Control diet with fish meal, T2- fish meal totally replaced by soybean meal, T3-T2 + Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine distributed equally to 9 replications of 8 laying ducks each was conducted following completely randomised design to see the effect of treatments on the performance, nutrient digestibility/retention and egg quality in Khaki Campbell laying ducks. Standard analytical and statistical procedures were followed for proper interpretation of the data. Result: The egg production (nos and dozen) and DDEP percent were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher and FCR was significantly (P less than 0.05) better for ducks reared on T1 compared to other groups. The dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre digestibility was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for ducks fed fish meal. However, the EE digestibility was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for T3 group. The egg quality parameters were significantly higher for T3 group. It is concluded that the performance of Khaki Campbell laying ducks fed diet without fish meal was deteriorated but the egg quality was improved.
{"title":"Effect of Replacing Fish Meal by Soybean Meal on the Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Egg Quality of Khaki Campbell Ducks in Late Laying Phase","authors":"B.K. Swain, P.K. Naik, S.K. Sahoo, S.K. Mishra, D. Kumar, C.K. Beura","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Feed quality in terms of protein source plays an important role in achieving targeted production. The quality of fish meal available in market is of highly variable in nature. Hence, an attempt was made to see the response of laying ducks to diets where fish was replaced by soybean meal with supplementation of critical aminoacids i.e. lysine and methionine over and above the normal requirement. Methods: A 16 week biological trial consisting of 72 Khaki Campbell laying ducks (83 weeks) subjected to three treatments (T1-Control diet with fish meal, T2- fish meal totally replaced by soybean meal, T3-T2 + Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine distributed equally to 9 replications of 8 laying ducks each was conducted following completely randomised design to see the effect of treatments on the performance, nutrient digestibility/retention and egg quality in Khaki Campbell laying ducks. Standard analytical and statistical procedures were followed for proper interpretation of the data. Result: The egg production (nos and dozen) and DDEP percent were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher and FCR was significantly (P less than 0.05) better for ducks reared on T1 compared to other groups. The dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre digestibility was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for ducks fed fish meal. However, the EE digestibility was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for T3 group. The egg quality parameters were significantly higher for T3 group. It is concluded that the performance of Khaki Campbell laying ducks fed diet without fish meal was deteriorated but the egg quality was improved.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Basumatary, P.M. Barua, K. Ahmed, L. Buragohain, S. Tamuly, D. Borpujari, B. Kashyap
Background: The present study compared the quality characteristics of boar semen diluted with three extenders at different hours of preservation. Methods: A total of 24 ejaculates comprising 6 ejaculates from each of four boars of 10-12 months age maintained under uniform management conditions are being selected for the present study. Semen was collected once weekly from four clinically healthy HD-K75 boars by simple fist method. The ejaculated semen was extended in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender and maintained at 15°C upto 120 hours of preservation. The DNA integrity and the mean fold change in relative expression of HSP70 and Cas3 gene in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender is also being studied. Result: The percentage of DNA integrity revealed that no DNA damaged spermatozoa were observed in MODENA extender from 0 to 120 hours of preservation. The relative expression of HSP70 gene elucidated significant difference (P less than 0.01) at 24 hours in three extenders. The relative expression of Cas3 gene in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender differed significantly (P less than 0.01) at 0, 72 and 96 hours of preservation. The overall expression (fold change) of apoptotic gene was found to be higher in BTS extender followed by MODENA and GEPS.
{"title":"Effect of BTS, GEPS and MODENA Extender on DNA Integrity and Relative Expression of HSP70 and Cas3 Gene in HD-K75 Boar Semen","authors":"S. Basumatary, P.M. Barua, K. Ahmed, L. Buragohain, S. Tamuly, D. Borpujari, B. Kashyap","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study compared the quality characteristics of boar semen diluted with three extenders at different hours of preservation. Methods: A total of 24 ejaculates comprising 6 ejaculates from each of four boars of 10-12 months age maintained under uniform management conditions are being selected for the present study. Semen was collected once weekly from four clinically healthy HD-K75 boars by simple fist method. The ejaculated semen was extended in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender and maintained at 15°C upto 120 hours of preservation. The DNA integrity and the mean fold change in relative expression of HSP70 and Cas3 gene in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender is also being studied. Result: The percentage of DNA integrity revealed that no DNA damaged spermatozoa were observed in MODENA extender from 0 to 120 hours of preservation. The relative expression of HSP70 gene elucidated significant difference (P less than 0.01) at 24 hours in three extenders. The relative expression of Cas3 gene in BTS, GEPS and MODENA extender differed significantly (P less than 0.01) at 0, 72 and 96 hours of preservation. The overall expression (fold change) of apoptotic gene was found to be higher in BTS extender followed by MODENA and GEPS.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Subclinical mastitis is one of the most important diseases of economic importance affecting dairy animals worldwide. The present study was planned to evaluate the level of expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines and acute phase protein in milk somatic cells during subclinical mastitis of cattle. Methods: The milk samples of subclinical mastitis-positive and healthy cattle were collected. After that, extraction of total RNA was done from milk somatic cells followed by cDNA synthesis by the process of reverse transcription. Following that qPCR was carried out and relative transcript levels were determined. Result: In the present study, a relative up-regulated expression was found in TLR-2, IL-1α, IL-10 and Hp, and down-regulation was found in TLR-4, TNF-α, IFN-α and IL-6 in the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis as compared to healthy ones. Monitoring of cytokines entangled in the modulation of immune responses during the infection is useful in deciding cytokine markers that could be employed as a forecasting tool in the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
{"title":"Relative Expression of Toll-like Receptors, Cytokines and Acute Phase Protein by Real-Time PCR in Milk Somatic Cells of Subclinical Mastitis Affected Cattle","authors":"Rajesh Singathia, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Abhishek Gaurav, Arpita Sain, Karishma Rathore","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Subclinical mastitis is one of the most important diseases of economic importance affecting dairy animals worldwide. The present study was planned to evaluate the level of expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines and acute phase protein in milk somatic cells during subclinical mastitis of cattle. Methods: The milk samples of subclinical mastitis-positive and healthy cattle were collected. After that, extraction of total RNA was done from milk somatic cells followed by cDNA synthesis by the process of reverse transcription. Following that qPCR was carried out and relative transcript levels were determined. Result: In the present study, a relative up-regulated expression was found in TLR-2, IL-1α, IL-10 and Hp, and down-regulation was found in TLR-4, TNF-α, IFN-α and IL-6 in the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis as compared to healthy ones. Monitoring of cytokines entangled in the modulation of immune responses during the infection is useful in deciding cytokine markers that could be employed as a forecasting tool in the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Upward fixation of patella is common clinical malady in cattle due to extensive movement of stifle joint during the locomotory activity because of unknown etiology. However, at certain peak point (overstretching of ligament) or due to occupational trauma (wear and tear), ligament become flaccid and weak leading to patellar displacement and lameness. Patellar ligaments play crucial role in stifle joint movement and any functional or structural alterations in the ligaments can lead to acute to chronic lameness in cattle. The present study was carried out to evaluate the structural changes in collagen fibril material in medial patellar ligament in cattle suffering with patellar luxation. Methods: Tissue specimens of medial patellar ligament of normal (control animal) and affected cattle (luxation of patella) were harvested and preserved for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study as per standard procedure at RUSKA Laboratories, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. Result: The incidence of medial patellar luxation was higher in females as compared to male cattle and the duration of lameness was between 3-12 months (7.35±0.56 months) characterized by dragging of toe, outward jerky movement of affected limb, extension of limb and change in appearance of gait during walk and flexion of fetlock. Scanning electron study of normal ligament showed dense, uniformly and compact arrangement of collagen fiber bundles with morphometric thickness was 3.66±0.58 µm. whereas in luxated patella cases, medial ligament showed derangement in collagen fiber bundles. The collagen fibers were arranged irregular and wavy with morphometric thickness of collagen was 2.58±0.03 µm. Electron microscopy of the normal ligament showed presence of thick collagen fiber bundles packed in dense and compact arrangement. Electron microscopy of affected ligament had degenerative changes of the fibers characterized by thin collagen fiber bundles which were loosely and disorganized arranged fibrils. The present study concludes that, luxation of patella was common locomotory disorders in cattle due to derangement in collagen fiber bundles with drastic reduction in thickness of collagen fibers, increased gap between two collagen fibers, broken and overlapping fiber bundles and surface of collagen fibers appeared irregular rough via scanning and electron microscopy analysis.
{"title":"Collagen Fibril Morphological Study of Medial Patellar Ligament of Stifle Joint Affected with Patellar Luxation in Cattle","authors":"R.V. Suryawanshi, P.B. Chougale, A.H. Ulemale, S.B. Lambate","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Upward fixation of patella is common clinical malady in cattle due to extensive movement of stifle joint during the locomotory activity because of unknown etiology. However, at certain peak point (overstretching of ligament) or due to occupational trauma (wear and tear), ligament become flaccid and weak leading to patellar displacement and lameness. Patellar ligaments play crucial role in stifle joint movement and any functional or structural alterations in the ligaments can lead to acute to chronic lameness in cattle. The present study was carried out to evaluate the structural changes in collagen fibril material in medial patellar ligament in cattle suffering with patellar luxation. Methods: Tissue specimens of medial patellar ligament of normal (control animal) and affected cattle (luxation of patella) were harvested and preserved for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study as per standard procedure at RUSKA Laboratories, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. Result: The incidence of medial patellar luxation was higher in females as compared to male cattle and the duration of lameness was between 3-12 months (7.35±0.56 months) characterized by dragging of toe, outward jerky movement of affected limb, extension of limb and change in appearance of gait during walk and flexion of fetlock. Scanning electron study of normal ligament showed dense, uniformly and compact arrangement of collagen fiber bundles with morphometric thickness was 3.66±0.58 µm. whereas in luxated patella cases, medial ligament showed derangement in collagen fiber bundles. The collagen fibers were arranged irregular and wavy with morphometric thickness of collagen was 2.58±0.03 µm. Electron microscopy of the normal ligament showed presence of thick collagen fiber bundles packed in dense and compact arrangement. Electron microscopy of affected ligament had degenerative changes of the fibers characterized by thin collagen fiber bundles which were loosely and disorganized arranged fibrils. The present study concludes that, luxation of patella was common locomotory disorders in cattle due to derangement in collagen fiber bundles with drastic reduction in thickness of collagen fibers, increased gap between two collagen fibers, broken and overlapping fiber bundles and surface of collagen fibers appeared irregular rough via scanning and electron microscopy analysis.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The high density of farmed snakehead fish and the expansion of the farming area might cause a negative impact on water environment and an increased frequency of fish diseases. The use of plant-based extracts has been promised as an alternative method to antibiotic application in the controlling of fish diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus extract on survival, growth, immune responses and against Aeromonas hydrophila of snakehead fish (Channa striata). Methods: During 2021-11 to 2022-10, the P. ostreatus extract was prepared using hot water method and the fish fed diets supplemented the extract at 0.0 g kg-1, 1.5 g kg-1, 2.5 g kg-1, 3.5 g kg-1 and 4.5 g kg-1 was examined for survival rates, growth responses, white blood cell count, respiratory burst activity and mortality rates of fish in A. hydrophila infection. Result: The results indicated snakehead fish fed five different diets showed no significant differences in survival and growth performances. However, the innate immune parameters were likely increased in fish fed diets supplemented P. ostreatus extract and the diet supplemented extract at 4.5 g kg-1 could reduce the accumulate mortality of snakehead fish challenged with A. hydrophila. P. ostreatus extract could be a promising material for enhancing the innate immunity of snakehead fish and can protect fish from A. hydrophila infection.
背景:养殖蛇头鱼的高密度和养殖面积的扩大可能会对水环境造成负面影响，增加鱼类疾病的发生频率。植物提取物的应用有望成为一种替代抗生素应用的方法来控制鱼类疾病。本试验研究了平菇提取物对黑头鱼的生存、生长、免疫反应及对嗜水气单胞菌的影响。方法:在2021-11 ~ 2022-10年期间，采用热水法制备黄颡鱼提取物，分别以0.0 g kg-1、1.5 g kg-1、2.5 g kg-1、3.5 g kg-1和4.5 g kg-1添加黄颡鱼提取物，观察鱼在嗜水拟虫感染后的存活率、生长反应、白细胞计数、呼吸爆发活性和死亡率。结果:5种饲料对黑鱼鱼的生长和生存性能无显著影响。然而，在饲料中添加紫棘鱼提取物可能会提高鱼的先天免疫参数，并且饲料中添加4.5 g kg-1的提取物可以降低嗜水单胞菌攻击的黑头鱼的累积死亡率。乌鳢提取物是一种很有前途的提高鱼头先天免疫的材料，可以保护鱼类免受嗜水单胞菌感染。
{"title":"Effect of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Extract on Survival, Growth Performances, Immune Responses and against Aeromonas hydrophila of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata)","authors":"T.T. Hong To, T.T. Phuong Lan, N.T. Sinh","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1687","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high density of farmed snakehead fish and the expansion of the farming area might cause a negative impact on water environment and an increased frequency of fish diseases. The use of plant-based extracts has been promised as an alternative method to antibiotic application in the controlling of fish diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus extract on survival, growth, immune responses and against Aeromonas hydrophila of snakehead fish (Channa striata). Methods: During 2021-11 to 2022-10, the P. ostreatus extract was prepared using hot water method and the fish fed diets supplemented the extract at 0.0 g kg-1, 1.5 g kg-1, 2.5 g kg-1, 3.5 g kg-1 and 4.5 g kg-1 was examined for survival rates, growth responses, white blood cell count, respiratory burst activity and mortality rates of fish in A. hydrophila infection. Result: The results indicated snakehead fish fed five different diets showed no significant differences in survival and growth performances. However, the innate immune parameters were likely increased in fish fed diets supplemented P. ostreatus extract and the diet supplemented extract at 4.5 g kg-1 could reduce the accumulate mortality of snakehead fish challenged with A. hydrophila. P. ostreatus extract could be a promising material for enhancing the innate immunity of snakehead fish and can protect fish from A. hydrophila infection.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study was carried out to determine silage quality, nutrient content, relative feed value (RFV), fermentation parameters and Fleig scores of sweet maize [Zea mays (L.) saccharata Sturt.] without the cob ensiled with urea or molasses. Methods: Plant parts remaining from the sweet maize whose cobs were harvested were ensiled with the addition of 1% urea and 5-10% molasses. In the liquid samples collected from the silages, pH values, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured and the silage samples were subjected to crude nutrient analyses, RFV and Fleig score determination. Result: Significant differences were found among the groups in terms of their dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) values. The difference between silage groups was significant in terms of NH3 and VFA values. In the analyses of Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV results, the groups were found significantly different except for Fleig scores. In parallel with the increase in the concentration of urea used in the silage groups, there were reductions in Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV values, while their CP levels increased. The molasses that was added to the silages led to a reduction in their silage pH, NH3-N and butyric acid (BA) values and an increase in their lactic acid (LA) values. It was concluded that the additives used in this study contributed positively to the quality of the silages, all silages with additives were quality silages and they could be used as an alternative quality roughage resource in feeding ruminants.
{"title":"Silage Quality, Nutrient Content and Relative Feed Value of Urea and Molasses Added Sweet Maize [Zea mays (L.) saccharata Sturt.] Silage","authors":"Serhat Yýldýz","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1671","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was carried out to determine silage quality, nutrient content, relative feed value (RFV), fermentation parameters and Fleig scores of sweet maize [Zea mays (L.) saccharata Sturt.] without the cob ensiled with urea or molasses. Methods: Plant parts remaining from the sweet maize whose cobs were harvested were ensiled with the addition of 1% urea and 5-10% molasses. In the liquid samples collected from the silages, pH values, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured and the silage samples were subjected to crude nutrient analyses, RFV and Fleig score determination. Result: Significant differences were found among the groups in terms of their dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) values. The difference between silage groups was significant in terms of NH3 and VFA values. In the analyses of Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV results, the groups were found significantly different except for Fleig scores. In parallel with the increase in the concentration of urea used in the silage groups, there were reductions in Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV values, while their CP levels increased. The molasses that was added to the silages led to a reduction in their silage pH, NH3-N and butyric acid (BA) values and an increase in their lactic acid (LA) values. It was concluded that the additives used in this study contributed positively to the quality of the silages, all silages with additives were quality silages and they could be used as an alternative quality roughage resource in feeding ruminants.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：