Background: One of the pests that can be detrimental to crops in agroecosystems is the land snail, also known as Monacha cartusiana. Molluscicides that are chemical are the first line of defense against land snails; however, because of their toxicity to both land and aquatic life, there has been an increase in interest in the discovery of biological molluscicides that are acceptable and eco-friendly. These molluscicides are a natural and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic poisons. Methods: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of animal bile liquid against Monacha cartusiana in vitro. Molluscicides were tested using a dipping approach on snails isolated from agricultural land. PBS was utilized as a control. Furthermore, four different concentrations of extract (12.5, 25, 50 and 100%) were evaluated across different periods, and changes in snail viability were recorded (5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes). A chemical analysis was carried out using GC-MS to determine the presence of numerous expected active chemical components in animal bile fluids. Result: The results clear that the bile had significant efficacy in killing snails at 100%, 61%, 41% and 20% after 20 hours. The findings suggest that bile contains potent chemicals and is a promising strategy for molluscicide. More research is needed to identify the specific active compounds found in animal bile, as well as their modes of action and application in vivo.
{"title":"Potential of Animal Bile as Bio-molluscicide against Land Snail Monacha cartusiana","authors":"M. Murshed, Amin Nagi Al Ansi, Osama B. Mohamed","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1790","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the pests that can be detrimental to crops in agroecosystems is the land snail, also known as Monacha cartusiana. Molluscicides that are chemical are the first line of defense against land snails; however, because of their toxicity to both land and aquatic life, there has been an increase in interest in the discovery of biological molluscicides that are acceptable and eco-friendly. These molluscicides are a natural and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic poisons. Methods: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of animal bile liquid against Monacha cartusiana in vitro. Molluscicides were tested using a dipping approach on snails isolated from agricultural land. PBS was utilized as a control. Furthermore, four different concentrations of extract (12.5, 25, 50 and 100%) were evaluated across different periods, and changes in snail viability were recorded (5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes). A chemical analysis was carried out using GC-MS to determine the presence of numerous expected active chemical components in animal bile fluids. Result: The results clear that the bile had significant efficacy in killing snails at 100%, 61%, 41% and 20% after 20 hours. The findings suggest that bile contains potent chemicals and is a promising strategy for molluscicide. More research is needed to identify the specific active compounds found in animal bile, as well as their modes of action and application in vivo.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L.D. Singla, D. Sumbria, Vikrant Sudan, Paramjit Kaur
The eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular hetero-specific organisms (Parasites) those are physiologically or metabolically dependent on the host for nutrition and shelter can cause diverse impact in the host patho-physiology by manipulating their immune system. The impact of parasitic infections on host metabolism can have far-reaching consequences depending on the type of parasite, the location of the infection and the duration of the infection which may include growth stunting, cognitive impairment and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Understanding these metabolic effects is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat parasitic infections, as well as mitigating their long-term consequences on host health and development. The parasites have deleterious morbid effect on the body of the host that leads to the secondary metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Beside these, parasites aids in the alteration of the cellular regulation of the affected host and microbiota of the gut cells. In this review the positive and negative feedback of the parasites on the host with exemplary illustrations has been discussed.
{"title":"Impact of Parasitic Infections on Host Metabolism: An Overview","authors":"L.D. Singla, D. Sumbria, Vikrant Sudan, Paramjit Kaur","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5376","url":null,"abstract":"The eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular hetero-specific organisms (Parasites) those are physiologically or metabolically dependent on the host for nutrition and shelter can cause diverse impact in the host patho-physiology by manipulating their immune system. The impact of parasitic infections on host metabolism can have far-reaching consequences depending on the type of parasite, the location of the infection and the duration of the infection which may include growth stunting, cognitive impairment and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Understanding these metabolic effects is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat parasitic infections, as well as mitigating their long-term consequences on host health and development. The parasites have deleterious morbid effect on the body of the host that leads to the secondary metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Beside these, parasites aids in the alteration of the cellular regulation of the affected host and microbiota of the gut cells. In this review the positive and negative feedback of the parasites on the host with exemplary illustrations has been discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is a federally protected species facing conservation concerns due to habitat depletion, food and environment driven altitude migration and its conflicting domain with humans. This study, conducted in the Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, Sikkim Himalaya, emphasizes the need to understand seasonal variations in bear ecology and human interactions. Methods: Field surveys for four seasons viz. Spring (April-June), Summer (July-September), Autumn (October-December) and Winter (January-March) and interviews in the fringe villages (2021-2023), human-bear conflict secondary data (2019-2022) and camera trap data (2016-2017) were analysed using the GIS and statistical tools, revealing specific spatial distribution and seasonal patterns of human-bear conflicts. Result: Bears in Sikkim’s Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, flourish mostly at 2200-2400 meter above mean sea level, in mixed temperate forests, exhibits bimodal activity and non-hibernating behaviour. Conflicts peak in summer and autumn, with 98.4% crop raiding on maize and livestock depredation peaking in autumn (p = less than 0.0001). Settlement proximity peaks in June-September (41%) and decreases in winter (59.9%). Locals rank bears as the primary threat (40.77%, rank 1). Understanding these dynamics informs conservation strategies for harmonious coexistence in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem.
{"title":"Harmony and Discord: Unravelling Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Dynamics of Human-bear (Ursus thibetanus) Conflict in Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, Sikkim Himalaya","authors":"Nischal Gautam, Samarjeet Borah, Ratika Pradhan, Kapila Sharma","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is a federally protected species facing conservation concerns due to habitat depletion, food and environment driven altitude migration and its conflicting domain with humans. This study, conducted in the Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, Sikkim Himalaya, emphasizes the need to understand seasonal variations in bear ecology and human interactions. Methods: Field surveys for four seasons viz. Spring (April-June), Summer (July-September), Autumn (October-December) and Winter (January-March) and interviews in the fringe villages (2021-2023), human-bear conflict secondary data (2019-2022) and camera trap data (2016-2017) were analysed using the GIS and statistical tools, revealing specific spatial distribution and seasonal patterns of human-bear conflicts. Result: Bears in Sikkim’s Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, flourish mostly at 2200-2400 meter above mean sea level, in mixed temperate forests, exhibits bimodal activity and non-hibernating behaviour. Conflicts peak in summer and autumn, with 98.4% crop raiding on maize and livestock depredation peaking in autumn (p = less than 0.0001). Settlement proximity peaks in June-September (41%) and decreases in winter (59.9%). Locals rank bears as the primary threat (40.77%, rank 1). Understanding these dynamics informs conservation strategies for harmonious coexistence in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Liao, Xuemei Shen, Shigang Yu, Gang Wang, Wencong Long, Yong Wang, Wangkaiyu Yang, Fei Peng, Yuze Fan, Zi Liang
Background: In response to China’s ban on medicinal feed additives with growth-promoting functions in livestock and poultry feed, there is an urgent need in modern animal husbandry for alternatives to antibiotics to sustain livestock health and improve feed conversion efficiency. Allicin, known for its safety, efficiency, lack of drug resistance and absence of residue, regulates the intestinal flora structure; inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria; improves intestinal health, immunity and stress resistance; and improves animal production. Methods: To investigate the impact of allicin on immune performance and immune-related gene expression in Muchuan black-bone chickens, diets were supplemented with varying allicin levels (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), designated as test groups A, B and C, respectively. Initially, growth performance was assessed. Subsequently, immunoglobulins were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colorimetry; immune titers for avian influenza and Newcastle disease were evaluated using hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests and the expression of immune genes was analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, serum biochemical indices in each group were determined. Result: Compared to the control group, allicin supplementation resulted in increased average fasting body weight in the experimental group and significantly (P less than 0.05) higher thymus and musogastric indices in groups A and C, respectively. Serum levels of immunoglobulin M in groups A and B and immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in all experimental groups than in controls. Antibody titers against avian influenza H5 and H7 strains were higher in all test groups, with Newcastle disease antibody titers in groups B and C significantly higher than those in controls. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-ã were lower across all experimental groups, whereas the expression levels of TLR3 in groups B and C and TLR15 in group B were higher. Serum levels of triglycerides in group A were significantly higher and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower in groups B and C than in controls. These findings indicate that dietary allicin (50-200 mg/kg) significantly improves growth performance, immunity and protein and lipid metabolism in Muchuan black-bone chickens, offering valuable data for the development and use of allicin as an antibiotic alternative.
背景：由于中国禁止在畜禽饲料中添加具有促进生长功能的药用饲料添加剂，现代畜牧业迫切需要抗生素替代品来维持牲畜健康和提高饲料转化效率。大蒜素以安全、高效、无抗药性、无残留著称，可调节肠道菌群结构，抑制有害菌生长，改善肠道健康，提高免疫力和抗应激能力，提高动物生产性能。研究方法为了研究大蒜素对沐川乌骨鸡免疫性能和免疫相关基因表达的影响，在日粮中添加不同水平的大蒜素（50、100、200 毫克/千克），分别称为试验组 A、B 和 C。首先评估生长性能。随后，通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和比色法测定免疫球蛋白；通过血凝和血凝抑制试验评估禽流感和新城疫的免疫滴度；通过实时定量 PCR 分析免疫基因的表达。最后，测定了各组的血清生化指标。结果与对照组相比，补充大蒜素后，实验组的平均空腹体重增加，A 组和 C 组的胸腺和麝香胃指数分别显著提高（P 小于 0.05）。A 组和 B 组的血清免疫球蛋白 M 水平以及免疫球蛋白 G 水平均明显高于对照组。所有试验组的禽流感 H5 和 H7 株抗体滴度都较高，B 组和 C 组的新城疫抗体滴度明显高于对照组。所有试验组的 IFN-ã mRNA 表达水平均较低，而 B 组和 C 组的 TLR3 以及 B 组的 TLR15 表达水平较高。与对照组相比，A 组的血清甘油三酯水平明显较高，B 组和 C 组的血尿素氮水平明显较低。这些研究结果表明，日粮大蒜素（50-200 毫克/千克）可明显改善沐川乌骨鸡的生长性能、免疫力以及蛋白质和脂质代谢，为开发和使用大蒜素作为抗生素替代品提供了宝贵的数据。
{"title":"Effects of Allicin on the Immune Performance and Expression of Immune-related Genes in Muchuan Black-bone Chickens","authors":"Juan Liao, Xuemei Shen, Shigang Yu, Gang Wang, Wencong Long, Yong Wang, Wangkaiyu Yang, Fei Peng, Yuze Fan, Zi Liang","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1795","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In response to China’s ban on medicinal feed additives with growth-promoting functions in livestock and poultry feed, there is an urgent need in modern animal husbandry for alternatives to antibiotics to sustain livestock health and improve feed conversion efficiency. Allicin, known for its safety, efficiency, lack of drug resistance and absence of residue, regulates the intestinal flora structure; inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria; improves intestinal health, immunity and stress resistance; and improves animal production. Methods: To investigate the impact of allicin on immune performance and immune-related gene expression in Muchuan black-bone chickens, diets were supplemented with varying allicin levels (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), designated as test groups A, B and C, respectively. Initially, growth performance was assessed. Subsequently, immunoglobulins were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colorimetry; immune titers for avian influenza and Newcastle disease were evaluated using hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests and the expression of immune genes was analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, serum biochemical indices in each group were determined. Result: Compared to the control group, allicin supplementation resulted in increased average fasting body weight in the experimental group and significantly (P less than 0.05) higher thymus and musogastric indices in groups A and C, respectively. Serum levels of immunoglobulin M in groups A and B and immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in all experimental groups than in controls. Antibody titers against avian influenza H5 and H7 strains were higher in all test groups, with Newcastle disease antibody titers in groups B and C significantly higher than those in controls. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-ã were lower across all experimental groups, whereas the expression levels of TLR3 in groups B and C and TLR15 in group B were higher. Serum levels of triglycerides in group A were significantly higher and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower in groups B and C than in controls. These findings indicate that dietary allicin (50-200 mg/kg) significantly improves growth performance, immunity and protein and lipid metabolism in Muchuan black-bone chickens, offering valuable data for the development and use of allicin as an antibiotic alternative.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ningxiang pigs are known for tasty meat and high intramuscular fat content. Currently, the slow growth rate and low lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs have greatly restricted the development of its market. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the changes in carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organ weight indices, bones and muscles development with slaughter ages of Ningxiang pigs. Methods: The experiment used 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days old Ningxiang pigs as the research objects, and 6 castrated male pigs in each group were randomly selected. The carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organs weights and skeletal muscle weights were measured. The correlation between carcass traits and meat quality were analyzed by bivariate analysis, and the regression equations between slaughter ages and these indicators were established. Result: The results showed that pre-slaughter weight and weights of carcass, head, feet, skeleton and muscle, loin eye area, cooking yield, marbling and the large intestine weight index at 0 d, backfat thickness at 60 d, fat percentages at 60 and 120 d, and the lean meat percentage at 240 d, redness at 120 d of Ningxiang pigs were lowest, the heart, lung, kidney and small intestine weight percentages were highest at 0 d (P less than 0.05). Carcass traits and meat quality had different significant correlation at different slaughter ages. So the indices of carcass, meat quality, bones and muscles of Ningxiang pigs changed with slaughter ages. In general, the overall performance of 300 d Ningxiang pigs is better.
{"title":"A Study on Changes of Carcass, Bones and Muscles of Ningxiang Pigs","authors":"Wei Zhang, Yinglin Peng, Q. Cui, Yitong Chang, Yuan Deng, Chen Chen, Yingying Liu","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1786","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ningxiang pigs are known for tasty meat and high intramuscular fat content. Currently, the slow growth rate and low lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs have greatly restricted the development of its market. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the changes in carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organ weight indices, bones and muscles development with slaughter ages of Ningxiang pigs. Methods: The experiment used 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days old Ningxiang pigs as the research objects, and 6 castrated male pigs in each group were randomly selected. The carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organs weights and skeletal muscle weights were measured. The correlation between carcass traits and meat quality were analyzed by bivariate analysis, and the regression equations between slaughter ages and these indicators were established. Result: The results showed that pre-slaughter weight and weights of carcass, head, feet, skeleton and muscle, loin eye area, cooking yield, marbling and the large intestine weight index at 0 d, backfat thickness at 60 d, fat percentages at 60 and 120 d, and the lean meat percentage at 240 d, redness at 120 d of Ningxiang pigs were lowest, the heart, lung, kidney and small intestine weight percentages were highest at 0 d (P less than 0.05). Carcass traits and meat quality had different significant correlation at different slaughter ages. So the indices of carcass, meat quality, bones and muscles of Ningxiang pigs changed with slaughter ages. In general, the overall performance of 300 d Ningxiang pigs is better.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sesamoiditis causes intermittent lameness in horses and is characterized by the enlargement of vascular channels, local osteolysis, osteophyte and enthesophyte formation on radiography. This study aimed to report the relationship between the clinical and radiological findings of racehorses diagnosed with sesamoiditis, the treatment applied and long-term results. Methods: The study included a total of 30 Arabian and Thoroughbred racehorses aged 2-7 years diagnosed with sesamoditis based on clinical and radiological examinations. These horses were treated and followed for nine months. Result: Radiographic examination revealed different numbers of enlarged vascular channels in the proximal sesamoid bones in all the cases and osteophytosis (n=3), enthesophytosis (n=9), osteolysis (n=3) and fractures (n=6) in some cases. In addition, low heels were important in 27 cases. The body conformation and low-heeled hoof structure play a role in the development of sesamoiditis in horses and should be considered. As a result, body structure and low heel structure play a role in the development of sesamoiditis in horses and should be considered. This situation should be tried to be corrected by farriers during the foaling period. Sesamoiditis can have a positive prognosis with appropriate treatment and adequate rest, for this reason, treatment should be started in the early period.
{"title":"Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Racehorses with Sesamoiditis: Case Series","authors":"Emine Çatalkaya","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1766","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sesamoiditis causes intermittent lameness in horses and is characterized by the enlargement of vascular channels, local osteolysis, osteophyte and enthesophyte formation on radiography. This study aimed to report the relationship between the clinical and radiological findings of racehorses diagnosed with sesamoiditis, the treatment applied and long-term results. Methods: The study included a total of 30 Arabian and Thoroughbred racehorses aged 2-7 years diagnosed with sesamoditis based on clinical and radiological examinations. These horses were treated and followed for nine months. Result: Radiographic examination revealed different numbers of enlarged vascular channels in the proximal sesamoid bones in all the cases and osteophytosis (n=3), enthesophytosis (n=9), osteolysis (n=3) and fractures (n=6) in some cases. In addition, low heels were important in 27 cases. The body conformation and low-heeled hoof structure play a role in the development of sesamoiditis in horses and should be considered. As a result, body structure and low heel structure play a role in the development of sesamoiditis in horses and should be considered. This situation should be tried to be corrected by farriers during the foaling period. Sesamoiditis can have a positive prognosis with appropriate treatment and adequate rest, for this reason, treatment should be started in the early period.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases is increasing all over the world. To investigate the cardioprotective effects of Curcuma longa on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which was further examined through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups (I/R group; n=8, sham group; n=8, treatment (Curcuma longa) group; n=8). 1 ml Curcuma longa 50 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally in the treatment group. While catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde values were measured by spectrophotometric method, the measurement of GPER-1 was performed by ELISA method. In the histopathological examination, the groups were evaluated in terms of hemorrhage, myocardial edema, myocytolysis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration. Result: Statistically significant differences were observed between the treatment and I/R groups in terms of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) level and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase) (p less than 0.05). The GPER-1 level was higher in the treatment group compared to the I/R group (p less than 0.05). Histopathologically, PMNL infiltration, hemorrhage, edema and myocytolysis were observed in the I/R and sham groups, whereas only hemorrhage was detected in the treatment group. This study showed that treatment with Curcuma longa inhibited lipid peroxidation by restoring existing antioxidant enzymes against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
{"title":"Effect of Curcuma longa on GPER-1 and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers in Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury","authors":"Seda Ikikardes, I. Demirhan, E. Kurutaş","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1737","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases is increasing all over the world. To investigate the cardioprotective effects of Curcuma longa on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which was further examined through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups (I/R group; n=8, sham group; n=8, treatment (Curcuma longa) group; n=8). 1 ml Curcuma longa 50 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally in the treatment group. While catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde values were measured by spectrophotometric method, the measurement of GPER-1 was performed by ELISA method. In the histopathological examination, the groups were evaluated in terms of hemorrhage, myocardial edema, myocytolysis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration. Result: Statistically significant differences were observed between the treatment and I/R groups in terms of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) level and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase) (p less than 0.05). The GPER-1 level was higher in the treatment group compared to the I/R group (p less than 0.05). Histopathologically, PMNL infiltration, hemorrhage, edema and myocytolysis were observed in the I/R and sham groups, whereas only hemorrhage was detected in the treatment group. This study showed that treatment with Curcuma longa inhibited lipid peroxidation by restoring existing antioxidant enzymes against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Al-Menaie, O. Al-Ragam, A. AL-Shatti, Mai Ali Al-Hadidi, M.A. Babu
Background: Integrated management of soil, water and nutrient resources is critical in improving animal feed production sustainably as it is highly resource demanding. Barley is considered as an excellent choice for animal feed owing to its rich nutritional composition, energy content, palatability, versatility and economic feasibility. Implementing sustainable crop management practices that improve soil health as well as enhance water and nitrogen availability is critical for improving crop productivity and ensuring improved animal feed production in these challenging environments. In arid regions with scarce water resources and less fertile soil, an interplay between water availability and nitrogen fertilization plays a significant role in enhancing barley production. Thus adoption of conservation agricultural practices coupled with optimized irrigation and fertilization regime is crucial in establishing sustainable animal feed production in the region. However, much insight is not delivered in the area of interactive effects of irrigation and fertilization with conservational agricultural practices on sustainable intensification of animal feed production in arid and semi-arid lands. The study investigated the interactive effect of tillage, mulching, irrigation and nitrogen application rates on growth and yield performance of barley under Kuwait’s environmental conditions. Methods: The study was conducted at KISR Station for Research and Innovation-KSRI (29.3156°N, 47.8403°E), Kuwait. The effect of tillage and mulching on the growth and yield performance of barley was evaluated under combinations of three different irrigation (100% ETc, 75% ETc and 50% ETc) and fertilization application rates (0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha). Split-split plot experimental design was employed with three replications to study the effect of different treatments on plant height, number of plants per square meter, spike length, number of spikes per square meter, biomass yield, grain weight, harvest index and residue yield. Result: Tillage, mulching, irrigation and fertilization application rates imposed a significant interaction effect on barley biomass and grain yield. Minimum tilled plots with mulching under 100% ETc irrigation and 100 kgN/ha recorded the highest biomass and residue yield. For grain yield, minimum as well as conventional tillage with mulching produced the highest value under 100% ETc irrigation and 50 kgN/ha. Highest plant height and number of spikes per square meter was noted in plots with minimum tillage and mulching under 100% ETc irrigation.
{"title":"Effect of Tillage and Mulching on Growth and Yield Performance of Barley under Different Nitrogen and Irrigation Application Rates","authors":"H. Al-Menaie, O. Al-Ragam, A. AL-Shatti, Mai Ali Al-Hadidi, M.A. Babu","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1757","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Integrated management of soil, water and nutrient resources is critical in improving animal feed production sustainably as it is highly resource demanding. Barley is considered as an excellent choice for animal feed owing to its rich nutritional composition, energy content, palatability, versatility and economic feasibility. Implementing sustainable crop management practices that improve soil health as well as enhance water and nitrogen availability is critical for improving crop productivity and ensuring improved animal feed production in these challenging environments. In arid regions with scarce water resources and less fertile soil, an interplay between water availability and nitrogen fertilization plays a significant role in enhancing barley production. Thus adoption of conservation agricultural practices coupled with optimized irrigation and fertilization regime is crucial in establishing sustainable animal feed production in the region. However, much insight is not delivered in the area of interactive effects of irrigation and fertilization with conservational agricultural practices on sustainable intensification of animal feed production in arid and semi-arid lands. The study investigated the interactive effect of tillage, mulching, irrigation and nitrogen application rates on growth and yield performance of barley under Kuwait’s environmental conditions. Methods: The study was conducted at KISR Station for Research and Innovation-KSRI (29.3156°N, 47.8403°E), Kuwait. The effect of tillage and mulching on the growth and yield performance of barley was evaluated under combinations of three different irrigation (100% ETc, 75% ETc and 50% ETc) and fertilization application rates (0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha). Split-split plot experimental design was employed with three replications to study the effect of different treatments on plant height, number of plants per square meter, spike length, number of spikes per square meter, biomass yield, grain weight, harvest index and residue yield. Result: Tillage, mulching, irrigation and fertilization application rates imposed a significant interaction effect on barley biomass and grain yield. Minimum tilled plots with mulching under 100% ETc irrigation and 100 kgN/ha recorded the highest biomass and residue yield. For grain yield, minimum as well as conventional tillage with mulching produced the highest value under 100% ETc irrigation and 50 kgN/ha. Highest plant height and number of spikes per square meter was noted in plots with minimum tillage and mulching under 100% ETc irrigation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehajpal Singh Dhillon, S. Kaur, C.S Mukhopadhyay, S. Dash
Background: The Nili-Ravi water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) stands out as the premier domestic dairy animal, renowned for its exceptional milk production capabilities. Its significance in agriculture is underscored by its remarkable efficiency in converting crop by-products into valuable resources, coupled with its ability to thrive and maintain productivity amidst changing climatic conditions. An instrumental player in inflammation regulation, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4 (MAP4K4) gene holds a pivotal role. The primary objective of the presented research communication was to investigate the potential correlation between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found across the entirety of the MAP4K4 gene’s sequence and the susceptibility of Nili Ravi buffaloes to mastitis. Methods: A total of 40 whole blood samples were collected having mastitis positive (n=20) and an equal number (20) of healthy, normal counterparts. From total 40 samples, RNA extracted, cDNA was synthesized and the PCR products generated by employing specific primers were meticulously purified using a gel purification kit after agarose gel electrophoresis. Subsequently, the MAP4K4 gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing procedures. The chromatogram data obtained from sequencing were subjected to homology analysis using the Finch-TV tool. This scrutiny unveiled the presence of a total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To elucidate the potential connection between the identified SNPs and the animals’ susceptibility or resistance to mastitis, a chi-square test was employed. Result: In conclusion, Identified seven SNPs at locations 173, 226, 252, 329, 400, 410 and 459. In 3 SNPs, values were found to be less than 0.05 and in 4 SNPs values were found to be greater than 0.05. This confirmed the possibility of association of the MAP4K4 gene with the first 3 determined SNPs. The current genome association study showed the potential correlation between these significant polymorphisms and the incidence of mastitis in Nili Ravi buffaloes. As a result, the MAP4K4 gene may be an ideal candidate gene for dairy buffalo selection against mastitis and the discovered polymorphisms may one day serve as potential genetic markers.
{"title":"Identification of SNPs in the MAP4K4 Gene Coding Sequence and Their Association with Mastitis Susceptibility/Resistance in Nili Ravi Buffaloes","authors":"Sehajpal Singh Dhillon, S. Kaur, C.S Mukhopadhyay, S. Dash","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Nili-Ravi water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) stands out as the premier domestic dairy animal, renowned for its exceptional milk production capabilities. Its significance in agriculture is underscored by its remarkable efficiency in converting crop by-products into valuable resources, coupled with its ability to thrive and maintain productivity amidst changing climatic conditions. An instrumental player in inflammation regulation, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4 (MAP4K4) gene holds a pivotal role. The primary objective of the presented research communication was to investigate the potential correlation between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found across the entirety of the MAP4K4 gene’s sequence and the susceptibility of Nili Ravi buffaloes to mastitis. Methods: A total of 40 whole blood samples were collected having mastitis positive (n=20) and an equal number (20) of healthy, normal counterparts. From total 40 samples, RNA extracted, cDNA was synthesized and the PCR products generated by employing specific primers were meticulously purified using a gel purification kit after agarose gel electrophoresis. Subsequently, the MAP4K4 gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing procedures. The chromatogram data obtained from sequencing were subjected to homology analysis using the Finch-TV tool. This scrutiny unveiled the presence of a total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To elucidate the potential connection between the identified SNPs and the animals’ susceptibility or resistance to mastitis, a chi-square test was employed. Result: In conclusion, Identified seven SNPs at locations 173, 226, 252, 329, 400, 410 and 459. In 3 SNPs, values were found to be less than 0.05 and in 4 SNPs values were found to be greater than 0.05. This confirmed the possibility of association of the MAP4K4 gene with the first 3 determined SNPs. The current genome association study showed the potential correlation between these significant polymorphisms and the incidence of mastitis in Nili Ravi buffaloes. As a result, the MAP4K4 gene may be an ideal candidate gene for dairy buffalo selection against mastitis and the discovered polymorphisms may one day serve as potential genetic markers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amdedul Islam Mazumder, S.A. Begum, M. Buragohain, S.M. Gogoi, Manjula Regon, Mousumi Hazorika, Girin Hazarika, B. Dutta
Background: Mannheimia is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, non-spore forming and non-motile bacteria belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. Caprine bacterial pneumonia is most often caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (previously known as Pasteurella haemolytica) and Pasteurella multocida which are more frequently associated with the outbreak of acute pneumonia and death of goats, particularly young once. Mannhemia is an opportunistic pathogen that particularly inhabits the nasopharynx and tonsils of goat and sheep. The present study was aimed to study Mannheimiosis in Guwahati, Assam in order to diagnose and control the disease among goats. Methods: The present investigation was conducted during the year 2021-2022 in Guwahati, Assam. A total of 51 pneumonic lung samples were collected from nearby slaughter houses and during necropsy at Department of Pathology, C.V.Sc., A.A.U., Khanapara, Guwahati-22. All the samples were subjected to primary isolation in blood agar and MacConkey's agar and further confirmation was made using PCR. Result: Out of total 51 pneumonic lung samples examined seven (13.72%) cases were found positive for Mannheimia haemolytica infection where 5 cases were found to be associated with other respiratory pathogens. Visible gross lesions observed during necropsy were broncho-interstitial pneumonia, suppurative pneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia with hemorrhagic tracheitis. Histopathological examination revealed presence of characteristic oat cells, intravascular thrombosis, fibrin balls, oedema, necrosis and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the lungs. Bacteriological culture for isolation and identification of Mannheimia haemolytica showed β haemolytic zone on MLA plates. Confirmatory diagnosis was made using PCR targeting 16s rRNA gene with amplicon size 1500 bp and Lkt gene with amplicon size 206 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA gene from positive sample showed percent identity of above 97% with other strains of Mannheimia haemolytica present in NCBI website. The variability in the lesions observed in the present study it can be concluded that a mixed infection with reduced resistance of the animals contributed to the development of pneumonia rather than Mannheimia haemolytica alone and PCR can be used as reliable technique for confirmatory diagnosis of respiratory mannheimiosis.
{"title":"Pathomorphological and Molecular Studies of Respiratory Mannheimiosis in Goats","authors":"Amdedul Islam Mazumder, S.A. Begum, M. Buragohain, S.M. Gogoi, Manjula Regon, Mousumi Hazorika, Girin Hazarika, B. Dutta","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mannheimia is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, non-spore forming and non-motile bacteria belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. Caprine bacterial pneumonia is most often caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (previously known as Pasteurella haemolytica) and Pasteurella multocida which are more frequently associated with the outbreak of acute pneumonia and death of goats, particularly young once. Mannhemia is an opportunistic pathogen that particularly inhabits the nasopharynx and tonsils of goat and sheep. The present study was aimed to study Mannheimiosis in Guwahati, Assam in order to diagnose and control the disease among goats. Methods: The present investigation was conducted during the year 2021-2022 in Guwahati, Assam. A total of 51 pneumonic lung samples were collected from nearby slaughter houses and during necropsy at Department of Pathology, C.V.Sc., A.A.U., Khanapara, Guwahati-22. All the samples were subjected to primary isolation in blood agar and MacConkey's agar and further confirmation was made using PCR. Result: Out of total 51 pneumonic lung samples examined seven (13.72%) cases were found positive for Mannheimia haemolytica infection where 5 cases were found to be associated with other respiratory pathogens. Visible gross lesions observed during necropsy were broncho-interstitial pneumonia, suppurative pneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia with hemorrhagic tracheitis. Histopathological examination revealed presence of characteristic oat cells, intravascular thrombosis, fibrin balls, oedema, necrosis and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the lungs. Bacteriological culture for isolation and identification of Mannheimia haemolytica showed β haemolytic zone on MLA plates. Confirmatory diagnosis was made using PCR targeting 16s rRNA gene with amplicon size 1500 bp and Lkt gene with amplicon size 206 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA gene from positive sample showed percent identity of above 97% with other strains of Mannheimia haemolytica present in NCBI website. The variability in the lesions observed in the present study it can be concluded that a mixed infection with reduced resistance of the animals contributed to the development of pneumonia rather than Mannheimia haemolytica alone and PCR can be used as reliable technique for confirmatory diagnosis of respiratory mannheimiosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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