Pub Date : 2026-02-19DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3666280
Giovanni Rolandino;Vinicius Taboni Lisboa;Taian Vieira;Alberto Cliquet;Brian Andrews;James J. FitzGerald
This paper investigated the suitability of the integrated Recursive Rehabilitation Control Network (RRC-Net)/High-Density Electrode Array (HDE-Array) system for performing two multi-Degree of Freedom (DoF) control tasks, developed as proxies for Functional Electrical Stimulation control: 1) a cursor-based task; and 2) a 3-DoF hand kinematic model control task. The goal of this study is enhancing rehabilitation independence for individuals with spinal cord injuries. The system was validated on both healthy and tetraplegic subjects. The hypotheses that users could successfully perform these tasks using the system and that there would be no significant performance differences between healthy and tetraplegic participants were assessed. The experiment involved 10 tetraplegic and 8 healthy subjects who completed a training phase followed by two testing phases. High-Density surface Electromyography (HD-sEMG) signals recorded from the neck during the training phase were used to train RRC-Net, a neural network designed to estimate multi-DoF movements. Subjects then performed the two control tasks in the testing phase, and performance metrics were analysed and compared between groups. Healthy and tetraplegic subjects achieved high performance in both control tasks. Hand position control performance between the two groups presented no statistically significant differences in Mean Global Distance (MGD) (${p} =0.93$ ) or Mean Angular Distance (MAD) (${p} =0.77$ ). Similarly, cursor control task performance showed no significant differences in Task Completion Score (TCS) (${p} =0.68$ ) or Normalised Distance (ND) (${p} =0.63$ ). The system’s simplicity, comfort, and effectiveness highlight its potential for rehabilitation, providing a non-invasive method for controlling assistive devices.
{"title":"HD-sEMG-Based Control Using Neck Muscles and Shallow Neural Networks: Assessing Performance in Rehabilitation-Oriented Tasks","authors":"Giovanni Rolandino;Vinicius Taboni Lisboa;Taian Vieira;Alberto Cliquet;Brian Andrews;James J. FitzGerald","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3666280","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3666280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the suitability of the integrated Recursive Rehabilitation Control Network (RRC-Net)/High-Density Electrode Array (HDE-Array) system for performing two multi-Degree of Freedom (DoF) control tasks, developed as proxies for Functional Electrical Stimulation control: 1) a cursor-based task; and 2) a 3-DoF hand kinematic model control task. The goal of this study is enhancing rehabilitation independence for individuals with spinal cord injuries. The system was validated on both healthy and tetraplegic subjects. The hypotheses that users could successfully perform these tasks using the system and that there would be no significant performance differences between healthy and tetraplegic participants were assessed. The experiment involved 10 tetraplegic and 8 healthy subjects who completed a training phase followed by two testing phases. High-Density surface Electromyography (HD-sEMG) signals recorded from the neck during the training phase were used to train RRC-Net, a neural network designed to estimate multi-DoF movements. Subjects then performed the two control tasks in the testing phase, and performance metrics were analysed and compared between groups. Healthy and tetraplegic subjects achieved high performance in both control tasks. Hand position control performance between the two groups presented no statistically significant differences in Mean Global Distance (MGD) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p} =0.93$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) or Mean Angular Distance (MAD) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p} =0.77$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Similarly, cursor control task performance showed no significant differences in Task Completion Score (TCS) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p} =0.68$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) or Normalised Distance (ND) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${p} =0.63$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The system’s simplicity, comfort, and effectiveness highlight its potential for rehabilitation, providing a non-invasive method for controlling assistive devices.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1219-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11400601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665053
Ricardo Garcia-Rosas;Jing Mu;Raphael M. Mayer;Denny Oetomo
Myoelectric prostheses offer functional restoration for people living with upper limb loss or differences, but mastery requires intensive, often monotonous training, leading to high abandonment rates. Virtual Reality (VR) presents a promising solution for engaging and motivating training. However, existing work in VR-based prosthesis training is still focused on research purposes only. This paper details the user-centred co-design, development, clinical implementation, and commercial translation of Myo-Hand XP. Myo-Hand XP is the first commercial immersive VR intervention for myoelectric prosthesis training, which was registered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) and brought to market in 2023. The development followed an iterative process, beginning with problem-idea validation through stakeholder interviews. This informed the creation of a Proof of Concept (PoC) prototype, which gathered initial user feedback. Subsequent development of a more advanced Research Prototype, incorporating feedback on hardware and software, underwent further user testing. This iterative co-design, involving continuous feedback from 60 multinational stakeholders across various stages, was central to refining Myo-Hand XP. Following regulatory approval, clinical pilots in prosthetic clinics with 20 people living with limb loss and 6 clinicians demonstrated increased patient motivation and confidence, and the value of early functional training. Key challenges identified included setup complexity and sensor ergonomics. The commercially released Myo-Hand XP incorporates expanded sensor compatibility and refined activities. Ongoing user-centred development continues to address feedback, focusing on usability, expanded features like progress reporting and prosthetic elbow support, and further clinical validation to optimize this VR rehabilitation tool. This paper shares insights into translating research into a clinically viable and commercially available product.
{"title":"Myo-Hand XP: User-Centered Co-Design, Clinical Implementation, and Commercial Translation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Intervention for Myoelectric Prosthesis Training","authors":"Ricardo Garcia-Rosas;Jing Mu;Raphael M. Mayer;Denny Oetomo","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665053","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665053","url":null,"abstract":"Myoelectric prostheses offer functional restoration for people living with upper limb loss or differences, but mastery requires intensive, often monotonous training, leading to high abandonment rates. Virtual Reality (VR) presents a promising solution for engaging and motivating training. However, existing work in VR-based prosthesis training is still focused on research purposes only. This paper details the user-centred co-design, development, clinical implementation, and commercial translation of Myo-Hand XP. Myo-Hand XP is the first commercial immersive VR intervention for myoelectric prosthesis training, which was registered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) and brought to market in 2023. The development followed an iterative process, beginning with problem-idea validation through stakeholder interviews. This informed the creation of a Proof of Concept (PoC) prototype, which gathered initial user feedback. Subsequent development of a more advanced Research Prototype, incorporating feedback on hardware and software, underwent further user testing. This iterative co-design, involving continuous feedback from 60 multinational stakeholders across various stages, was central to refining Myo-Hand XP. Following regulatory approval, clinical pilots in prosthetic clinics with 20 people living with limb loss and 6 clinicians demonstrated increased patient motivation and confidence, and the value of early functional training. Key challenges identified included setup complexity and sensor ergonomics. The commercially released Myo-Hand XP incorporates expanded sensor compatibility and refined activities. Ongoing user-centred development continues to address feedback, focusing on usability, expanded features like progress reporting and prosthetic elbow support, and further clinical validation to optimize this VR rehabilitation tool. This paper shares insights into translating research into a clinically viable and commercially available product.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1199-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11397108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual reality (VR) enhances the vividness of motor imagery (MI) when combined with action observation (AO). While prior studies suggest differences in self-awareness and motor practice when using a Controller versus a data Glove (Glove) to manipulate an avatar hand, it remains unclear whether corticospinal excitability (CSE) varies by manipulation type. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we examined CSE before and after short-term performance change of a VR ball-catching task with a Controller or Glove. Twenty healthy adults in short-term performance change with both devices on separate days. Participants unimanually controlled an avatar hand in VR to catch a ball. We assessed changes in MI vividness, self-awareness, motor performance, and surface electromyography (EMG) with practice. Single-pulse TMS was delivered before and after practice over the contralateral motor cortex to evaluate CSE in task-related muscles at rest and during Action Observation during Motor Imagery (AOMI). MI vividness increased with practice for both devices, with no between-device differences in self-awareness. Agonist EMG decreased only with Glove practice, while CSE (motor-evoked potential amplitude) increased after Glove practice but not after Controller practice. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between EMG and motor-evoked potentials (MEP), and between ownership and MEP, after practice. These findings indicate that short-term performance change modulates CSE in a device-dependent, muscle-specific manner in a VR ball-catching task, with CSE changes linked to the sense of body ownership in VR.
{"title":"Data Glove and Controller Utilized in a Ball-Catching Task With Virtual Reality Differentially Modulate Corticospinal Excitability During Combined Action Observation and Motor Imagery","authors":"Kengo Fujiwara;Keisuke Irie;Yuto Iwanaga;Yukinori Deguchi;Takaya Sonoda;Hikari Otsuka;Nan Liang","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664861","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664861","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) enhances the vividness of motor imagery (MI) when combined with action observation (AO). While prior studies suggest differences in self-awareness and motor practice when using a Controller versus a data Glove (Glove) to manipulate an avatar hand, it remains unclear whether corticospinal excitability (CSE) varies by manipulation type. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we examined CSE before and after short-term performance change of a VR ball-catching task with a Controller or Glove. Twenty healthy adults in short-term performance change with both devices on separate days. Participants unimanually controlled an avatar hand in VR to catch a ball. We assessed changes in MI vividness, self-awareness, motor performance, and surface electromyography (EMG) with practice. Single-pulse TMS was delivered before and after practice over the contralateral motor cortex to evaluate CSE in task-related muscles at rest and during Action Observation during Motor Imagery (AOMI). MI vividness increased with practice for both devices, with no between-device differences in self-awareness. Agonist EMG decreased only with Glove practice, while CSE (motor-evoked potential amplitude) increased after Glove practice but not after Controller practice. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between EMG and motor-evoked potentials (MEP), and between ownership and MEP, after practice. These findings indicate that short-term performance change modulates CSE in a device-dependent, muscle-specific manner in a VR ball-catching task, with CSE changes linked to the sense of body ownership in VR.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1187-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11397087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665134
Ying Fang;Katherine M. Steele;Zachary F. Lerner
Musculoskeletal health is critical for physical and mental well-being. Most people with cerebral palsy (CP) experience gait disorders that are associated with increased joint loading, pain, and degeneration. Wearable assistive devices can improve mobility and gait mechanics in those with CP, but their effects on joint loads remain unknown. This study sought to quantify the effects of ankle exoskeleton assistance on knee contact force in people with CP. Eleven children and young adults with CP walked on a treadmill with just shoes (Shod) and with ankle exoskeleton assistance (Exo). Muscle forces were estimated using an electromyography-informed (EMG-informed) modeling approach, where EMG signals from eight lower limb muscles were used to constrain muscle activations. Compressive knee contact force was then quantified based on estimated muscle forces. Ankle assistance reduced peak late-stance knee contact force by $9.3 pm 7.3$ % and average stance-phase knee contact force by $7.2 pm 4.6$ % compared to Shod (p $le 0.003$ ). Ankle assistance also reduced stance-phase quadriceps muscle force by $9.1 pm 10.9$ % compared to Shod (p = 0.015). Exo-induced reduction in quadriceps force was associated with lower knee contact force (p < 0.001). Despite the lack of group-level differences in gastrocnemius force or joint kinematics between Shod and Exo, greater knee extension, greater ankle plantarflexion, and lower gastrocnemius force were associated with lower knee contact force (p $le 0.022$ ). Our study indicates that ankle assistance may decrease knee loading in people with CP due to changes in knee extensor muscle forces during walking.
{"title":"Ankle Exoskeleton Assistance Reduces Knee Contact Force During Walking in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Ying Fang;Katherine M. Steele;Zachary F. Lerner","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665134","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3665134","url":null,"abstract":"Musculoskeletal health is critical for physical and mental well-being. Most people with cerebral palsy (CP) experience gait disorders that are associated with increased joint loading, pain, and degeneration. Wearable assistive devices can improve mobility and gait mechanics in those with CP, but their effects on joint loads remain unknown. This study sought to quantify the effects of ankle exoskeleton assistance on knee contact force in people with CP. Eleven children and young adults with CP walked on a treadmill with just shoes (Shod) and with ankle exoskeleton assistance (Exo). Muscle forces were estimated using an electromyography-informed (EMG-informed) modeling approach, where EMG signals from eight lower limb muscles were used to constrain muscle activations. Compressive knee contact force was then quantified based on estimated muscle forces. Ankle assistance reduced peak late-stance knee contact force by <inline-formula> <tex-math>$9.3 pm 7.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% and average stance-phase knee contact force by <inline-formula> <tex-math>$7.2 pm 4.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% compared to Shod (p <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 0.003$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Ankle assistance also reduced stance-phase quadriceps muscle force by <inline-formula> <tex-math>$9.1 pm 10.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% compared to Shod (p = 0.015). Exo-induced reduction in quadriceps force was associated with lower knee contact force (p < 0.001). Despite the lack of group-level differences in gastrocnemius force or joint kinematics between Shod and Exo, greater knee extension, greater ankle plantarflexion, and lower gastrocnemius force were associated with lower knee contact force (p <inline-formula> <tex-math>$le 0.022$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Our study indicates that ankle assistance may decrease knee loading in people with CP due to changes in knee extensor muscle forces during walking.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1210-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11397111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664698
Na Pang;Qianqian Wang;Hailin Zhang;Rui Su;Jiaqing Yan;Yi Yuan
Exploration of the epilepsy cortical network is helpful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and optimizing the treatment direction of epilepsy. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), characterized by non-invasiveness, high penetration depth, and high spatial resolution, has the potential to modulate brain functional networks. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which TUS influences the cortical network in awake epilepsy model mice remain inadequately understood. Here, we observed that TUS significantly decreased the power of the whole cerebral cortex, diminished the phase lag index functional connectivity strength of the whole cerebral cortex, reduced the strength of cortical network connections, and accelerated the transition process from the epileptic seizure state to the normal state. Taken together, these findings indicated that epileptic seizures were suppressed after TUS modulated cortical functional network connections in mice.
{"title":"Effects of Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation on Cortical Functional Network Connections and Epileptic Seizures in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy","authors":"Na Pang;Qianqian Wang;Hailin Zhang;Rui Su;Jiaqing Yan;Yi Yuan","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664698","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664698","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of the epilepsy cortical network is helpful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and optimizing the treatment direction of epilepsy. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), characterized by non-invasiveness, high penetration depth, and high spatial resolution, has the potential to modulate brain functional networks. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which TUS influences the cortical network in awake epilepsy model mice remain inadequately understood. Here, we observed that TUS significantly decreased the power of the whole cerebral cortex, diminished the phase lag index functional connectivity strength of the whole cerebral cortex, reduced the strength of cortical network connections, and accelerated the transition process from the epileptic seizure state to the normal state. Taken together, these findings indicated that epileptic seizures were suppressed after TUS modulated cortical functional network connections in mice.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1176-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664180
Chanlin Yi;Haoyang Yu;Qingyang Li;Zhongliang Wang;Ruili Yang;Hongmei Song;Mi Yang;Dezhong Yao;Peng Xu;Yong David Zhao;Fali Li
Tinnitus is a prevalent neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and is difficult to treat. While acupuncture therapy and acoustic stimulation have individually shown therapeutic potential, their combined application remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and neural mechanisms of combination therapy based on brain network technology. In this tinnitus intervention study, 240 patients were enrolled, randomly divided into three groups for three treatment schemes: acoustic stimulation therapy, acupuncture stimulation therapy, and combination therapy. Each group received four courses of treatment, three treatments a week for each course. Based on the resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) network analysis before and after intervention, we investigated the electrophysiological changes aroused by the therapies and the inter-protocols differences, as well as how it changes with therapy process progresses and its association with tinnitus rehabilitation. The combined treatment group’s post-intervention showed a more pronounced decrease in frontal-parietal-occipital connectivity in the delta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, indicating lower clustering coefficients (CC) and longer characteristic path lengths (CPL). In the combined group, the magnitude of these changes is highest and gradually decreases as therapy progresses, indicating a robust therapeutic effect. Moreover, the significant correlations of the CC and CPL changes separately with the changes of anxiety and auditory sensitivity further validate the efficacy of the combined acoustic-acupuncture stimulation therapy. Our pioneer study paves an innovative way for the treatment of primary tinnitus.
{"title":"Combined Acoustic-Acupuncture Stimulation Demonstrates Efficacy in Primary Tinnitus Rehabilitation: Objective Evidence From EEG Brain Network Analysis","authors":"Chanlin Yi;Haoyang Yu;Qingyang Li;Zhongliang Wang;Ruili Yang;Hongmei Song;Mi Yang;Dezhong Yao;Peng Xu;Yong David Zhao;Fali Li","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664180","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664180","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is a prevalent neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and is difficult to treat. While acupuncture therapy and acoustic stimulation have individually shown therapeutic potential, their combined application remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and neural mechanisms of combination therapy based on brain network technology. In this tinnitus intervention study, 240 patients were enrolled, randomly divided into three groups for three treatment schemes: acoustic stimulation therapy, acupuncture stimulation therapy, and combination therapy. Each group received four courses of treatment, three treatments a week for each course. Based on the resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) network analysis before and after intervention, we investigated the electrophysiological changes aroused by the therapies and the inter-protocols differences, as well as how it changes with therapy process progresses and its association with tinnitus rehabilitation. The combined treatment group’s post-intervention showed a more pronounced decrease in frontal-parietal-occipital connectivity in the delta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, indicating lower clustering coefficients (CC) and longer characteristic path lengths (CPL). In the combined group, the magnitude of these changes is highest and gradually decreases as therapy progresses, indicating a robust therapeutic effect. Moreover, the significant correlations of the CC and CPL changes separately with the changes of anxiety and auditory sensitivity further validate the efficacy of the combined acoustic-acupuncture stimulation therapy. Our pioneer study paves an innovative way for the treatment of primary tinnitus.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1095-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations degenerate early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and may be a critical pathogenic factor and therapeutic target for AD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves abnormal theta and gamma oscillations in AD; however, how these oscillations dynamically change after stimulation remains unclear. Exploring the prolonged neuroregulatory effects of DBS is essential for optimizing parameters and treatment strategies. Therefore, we investigated the sustained changes in the theta and gamma oscillations of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region induced by acute DBS of the entorhinal cortex in APP/PS1 model mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the theta (4-8 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz) and high gamma (50-100 Hz) power of DBS-treated APP/PS1 mice exhibited a dynamic increase-decrease-increase trend, and the modulation index of theta and high gamma increased significantly and persisted for three weeks after DBS. Compared with the pre-DBS state, the firing rates of interneurons in APP/PS1 mice decreased significantly, while those of pyramidal neurons increased significantly, and the mean vector lengths of pyramidal neurons and interneurons with theta and gamma oscillations decreased significantly. Furthermore, the expression of CaMKII-$alpha $ and GAD67 increased significantly. These findings suggest that acute DBS targeting the entorhinal cortex induces compensatory changes in the power of theta and gamma oscillations in APP/PS1 mice potentially by regulating the neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance, thereby improving neuronal information transmission.
{"title":"Acute Deep Brain Stimulation Induces Sustained Changes in Theta and Gamma Oscillations in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice","authors":"Yinpei Luo;Huizhong Wen;Weina Li;Xing Wang;Xiaolin Zheng;Hongfei Ge;Yi Yin;Lin Chen;Xiaoying Wu;Wensheng Hou","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664396","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664396","url":null,"abstract":"Hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations degenerate early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and may be a critical pathogenic factor and therapeutic target for AD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves abnormal theta and gamma oscillations in AD; however, how these oscillations dynamically change after stimulation remains unclear. Exploring the prolonged neuroregulatory effects of DBS is essential for optimizing parameters and treatment strategies. Therefore, we investigated the sustained changes in the theta and gamma oscillations of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region induced by acute DBS of the entorhinal cortex in APP/PS1 model mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the theta (4-8 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz) and high gamma (50-100 Hz) power of DBS-treated APP/PS1 mice exhibited a dynamic increase-decrease-increase trend, and the modulation index of theta and high gamma increased significantly and persisted for three weeks after DBS. Compared with the pre-DBS state, the firing rates of interneurons in APP/PS1 mice decreased significantly, while those of pyramidal neurons increased significantly, and the mean vector lengths of pyramidal neurons and interneurons with theta and gamma oscillations decreased significantly. Furthermore, the expression of CaMKII-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and GAD67 increased significantly. These findings suggest that acute DBS targeting the entorhinal cortex induces compensatory changes in the power of theta and gamma oscillations in APP/PS1 mice potentially by regulating the neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance, thereby improving neuronal information transmission.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1250-1260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664390
Ruru Wang;Xu Liu;Xin Wang;Xiaoqing Zhou;Jingna Jin;He Wang;Zhipeng Liu;Ren Ma;Tao Yin
Although transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can noninvasively target the hippocampal oscillatory network, which serves as a critical interface between cellular functions and cognition, its modulatory efficiency is constrained by the low-pass filtering properties of neuronal membranes. To overcome this limitation, we developed a low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) TUS paradigm to enhance neuromodulatory efficiency by improving resonance within the hippocampal oscillatory network. We applied 5, 40, and 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS and 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS to the mouse hippocampus, and analyzed local field potentials before and after stimulation. Results showed that 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS significantly enhanced the phase locked value (PLV) (increment: $0.054pm 0.017$ ) and coherence (increment: $0.040pm 0.016$ ) in the theta band, and the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in theta-low gamma (increment, $1.521pm 0.249$ ) and theta-high gamma (increment, $0.821pm 0.299$ ) bands. In contrast, the 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS showed negligible effects. While the 40 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS enhanced PLV and coherence in the theta band and PAC in theta-low gamma bands, the 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS only enhanced PLV in the theta band. Thus, the 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS demonstrated superior neuromodulatory efficiency over all other paradigms. The outstanding modulatory efficiency of 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS on the oscillatory network was further confirmed in the 14-day TUS, demonstrating enhancements in spatial learning and memory. The 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS presents a novel and efficient approach to precisely modulating hippocampal oscillatory network through entrainment.
{"title":"Low-Frequency Amplitude-Modulated Ultrasound Stimulation Drives Hippocampal Oscillations and Enhances Memory in Mice","authors":"Ruru Wang;Xu Liu;Xin Wang;Xiaoqing Zhou;Jingna Jin;He Wang;Zhipeng Liu;Ren Ma;Tao Yin","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664390","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664390","url":null,"abstract":"Although transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can noninvasively target the hippocampal oscillatory network, which serves as a critical interface between cellular functions and cognition, its modulatory efficiency is constrained by the low-pass filtering properties of neuronal membranes. To overcome this limitation, we developed a low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) TUS paradigm to enhance neuromodulatory efficiency by improving resonance within the hippocampal oscillatory network. We applied 5, 40, and 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS and 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS to the mouse hippocampus, and analyzed local field potentials before and after stimulation. Results showed that 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS significantly enhanced the phase locked value (PLV) (increment: <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.054pm 0.017$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and coherence (increment: <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.040pm 0.016$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the theta band, and the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in theta-low gamma (increment, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.521pm 0.249$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and theta-high gamma (increment, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.821pm 0.299$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) bands. In contrast, the 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS showed negligible effects. While the 40 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS enhanced PLV and coherence in the theta band and PAC in theta-low gamma bands, the 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS only enhanced PLV in the theta band. Thus, the 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS demonstrated superior neuromodulatory efficiency over all other paradigms. The outstanding modulatory efficiency of 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS on the oscillatory network was further confirmed in the 14-day TUS, demonstrating enhancements in spatial learning and memory. The 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS presents a novel and efficient approach to precisely modulating hippocampal oscillatory network through entrainment.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1164-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664483
Ji Huang;Xiaohui Wang;Jia Jiang;Fengtao Liu;Mindi Yang;Shaobai Wang;Xin Ma;Wen-Ming Chen
Accurate and objective gait assessment is essential for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet conventional clinical evaluations rely heavily on clinical rating scales with bulky and costly laboratory-based gait analysis. This study presents a wearable Lab-in-Shoe system that integrates inertial measurement units (IMUs) and pressure sensors embedded within footwear for routine clinical gait analysis. The system segments gait cycles using plantar pressure data and applies Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithms to mitigate IMU drift and reconstruct spatiotemporal gait trajectories. Validation experiments with healthy participants showed strong agreement with an optical motion capture system in stride length (ICC = 0.970, MAE = 0.04 m) and swing phase duration (ICC = 0.934, MAE = 0.02 s). Clinical assessment with PD patients revealed stage-dependent gait impairments and significant correlations between gait parameters and disease severity scores. A multiple linear regression model predicted MDS-UPDRS III scores with high accuracy (R${}^{{2}} =0.87$ , RMSE = 6.75), indicating gait features quantitatively reflects motor symptom severity. Importantly, this study is the first to analyze plantar center of pressure (CoP) trajectories in PD using a wearable system, identifying progressive alterations in CoP patterns across Hoehn and Yahr stages, including signs of freezing of gait and a conservative gait balance strategy. These findings highlight the clinical potential of Lab-in-Shoe as a portable tool for continuous gait monitoring, enabling quantitative assessment of motor function, disease progression tracking, and therapeutic evaluation in PD patients.
准确、客观的步态评估对于帕金森病（PD）的治疗至关重要，然而传统的临床评估严重依赖于临床评定量表和庞大且昂贵的实验室步态分析。本研究提出了一种可穿戴的鞋中实验室系统，该系统集成了惯性测量单元（imu）和嵌入鞋类中的压力传感器，用于常规临床步态分析。该系统利用足底压力数据对步态周期进行分段，并应用零速度更新（ZUPT）和主成分分析（PCA）算法来减轻IMU漂移并重建时空步态轨迹。在健康被试的验证实验中，光学运动捕捉系统在步幅长度（ICC = 0.970, MAE = 0.04 m）和摇摆相持续时间（ICC = 0.934, MAE = 0.02 s）上具有较强的一致性。PD患者的临床评估显示阶段性步态障碍，步态参数与疾病严重程度评分之间存在显著相关性。多元线性回归模型预测MDS-UPDRS III评分准确率较高（R²= 0.87,RMSE = 6.75），表明步态特征定量反映了运动症状的严重程度。重要的是，本研究首次使用可穿戴系统分析PD的足底压力中心（CoP）轨迹，确定CoP模式在Hoehn和Yahr阶段的渐进式变化，包括步态冻结的迹象和保守的步态平衡策略。这些发现突出了Lab-in-Shoe作为一种便携式连续步态监测工具的临床潜力，可以定量评估PD患者的运动功能、疾病进展跟踪和治疗评估。
{"title":"A Wearable “Lab-in-Shoe” Gait Analysis System for Routine Clinical Assessment of People With Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"Ji Huang;Xiaohui Wang;Jia Jiang;Fengtao Liu;Mindi Yang;Shaobai Wang;Xin Ma;Wen-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664483","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664483","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and objective gait assessment is essential for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet conventional clinical evaluations rely heavily on clinical rating scales with bulky and costly laboratory-based gait analysis. This study presents a wearable Lab-in-Shoe system that integrates inertial measurement units (IMUs) and pressure sensors embedded within footwear for routine clinical gait analysis. The system segments gait cycles using plantar pressure data and applies Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithms to mitigate IMU drift and reconstruct spatiotemporal gait trajectories. Validation experiments with healthy participants showed strong agreement with an optical motion capture system in stride length (ICC = 0.970, MAE = 0.04 m) and swing phase duration (ICC = 0.934, MAE = 0.02 s). Clinical assessment with PD patients revealed stage-dependent gait impairments and significant correlations between gait parameters and disease severity scores. A multiple linear regression model predicted MDS-UPDRS III scores with high accuracy (R<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{{2}} =0.87$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, RMSE = 6.75), indicating gait features quantitatively reflects motor symptom severity. Importantly, this study is the first to analyze plantar center of pressure (CoP) trajectories in PD using a wearable system, identifying progressive alterations in CoP patterns across Hoehn and Yahr stages, including signs of freezing of gait and a conservative gait balance strategy. These findings highlight the clinical potential of Lab-in-Shoe as a portable tool for continuous gait monitoring, enabling quantitative assessment of motor function, disease progression tracking, and therapeutic evaluation in PD patients.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1261-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peripherally applied low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) has emerged as a new modality of tactile restoration recently. If repetitive LIFUS would cause perceptual adaptation, like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) does, has been rarely investigated. To address this issue, 14 healthy volunteers received LIFUS-based fine tactile stimulation on their right index fingertip in this work. To evaluate their perceptual stability, both subjective perceptual ratings and peripheral local hemodynamic responses were deployed. The sensory-level TENS was also included for comparison. Our results showed that the LIFUS brought better perceptual acuity and perceptual stability than TENS in terms of subjective perception and judgement. Moreover, the LIFUS induced an increase of local blood perfusion volume (BPV) since stimulation onset, while the TENS caused a decrease of BPV, both followed by a slow rebound to the baseline. Notably, repetitive LIFUS didn’t cause obvious progressive decrease of BPV responses with increasing dose, i.e., temporal accumulation, whereas TENS did. These findings would facilitate the development of non-invasive sensory feedback technique in multiple human-machine interaction scenarios, and shed valuable insights on neuromodulation mechanisms of peripherally applied LIFUS.
{"title":"Progressive Tactile Perception and Peripheral Hemodynamic Responses Induced by LIFUS on Fingertip","authors":"Liuni Qin;Yinshen Huang;Jin Xie;Lili Niu;Laixin Huang;Fei Li;Shichun Bao;Guanglin Li;Yanjuan Geng","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664418","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664418","url":null,"abstract":"Peripherally applied low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) has emerged as a new modality of tactile restoration recently. If repetitive LIFUS would cause perceptual adaptation, like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) does, has been rarely investigated. To address this issue, 14 healthy volunteers received LIFUS-based fine tactile stimulation on their right index fingertip in this work. To evaluate their perceptual stability, both subjective perceptual ratings and peripheral local hemodynamic responses were deployed. The sensory-level TENS was also included for comparison. Our results showed that the LIFUS brought better perceptual acuity and perceptual stability than TENS in terms of subjective perception and judgement. Moreover, the LIFUS induced an increase of local blood perfusion volume (BPV) since stimulation onset, while the TENS caused a decrease of BPV, both followed by a slow rebound to the baseline. Notably, repetitive LIFUS didn’t cause obvious progressive decrease of BPV responses with increasing dose, i.e., temporal accumulation, whereas TENS did. These findings would facilitate the development of non-invasive sensory feedback technique in multiple human-machine interaction scenarios, and shed valuable insights on neuromodulation mechanisms of peripherally applied LIFUS.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1305-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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