Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.40
Misa Yamamoto
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen's disease, is an inherited disorder that will (with high probability) lead to multiple benign tumors in the future. There are several types of NF1 tumors and there is no way to control their incidence other than surgical resection. Associate Professor Misa Yamamoto, an expert in regenerative medicine, is currently conducting a project to elucidate the tumor growth mechanism in NF1 patients. This will lead to the development of innovative treatments for this disease. The researchers are affiliated with the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan. Currently, we have worked on analyzing the function of mast cells in cutaneous neurofibroma and aim to develop a new treatment method that suppresses the function of mast cells involved in tumor growth. There are still many gaps in knowledge regarding NF1. Neurofibroma tumors are known to contain a considerable number of mast cells though Professor Yamamoto found with the research has shown that each cell has an abnormally high concentration of an inflammatory substance called tryptase. This means that neurofibromas are constantly exposed to a strong inflammatory state, suggesting that it is difficult to stop tumor growth unless inflammation is stopped. Professor Yamamoto investigated the differences in the properties of disease-specific mast cells with NF1 gene mutations and mast cells derived from healthy subjects, and clarified differences in the production of tryptase, TGF-β1, and Stem Cell Factor. These findings suggest that tumor growth is driven by the overexpression of these proteins, and researchers believe that blocking the pathways that suppress the expression of these proteins can reduce inflammation and tumor growth.
{"title":"Development of a novel treatment by inhibition of mast cell-associated proteins in neurofibroma tumours","authors":"Misa Yamamoto","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.40","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen's disease, is an inherited disorder that will (with high probability) lead to multiple benign tumors in the future. There are several types of NF1 tumors and there is no way to control their incidence other than surgical resection. Associate Professor Misa Yamamoto, an expert in regenerative medicine, is currently conducting a project to elucidate the tumor growth mechanism in NF1 patients. This will lead to the development of innovative treatments for this disease. The researchers are affiliated with the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan. Currently, we have worked on analyzing the function of mast cells in cutaneous neurofibroma and aim to develop a new treatment method that suppresses the function of mast cells involved in tumor growth. There are still many gaps in knowledge regarding NF1. Neurofibroma tumors are known to contain a considerable number of mast cells though Professor Yamamoto found with the research has shown that each cell has an abnormally high concentration of an inflammatory substance called tryptase. This means that neurofibromas are constantly exposed to a strong inflammatory state, suggesting that it is difficult to stop tumor growth unless inflammation is stopped. Professor Yamamoto investigated the differences in the properties of disease-specific mast cells with NF1 gene mutations and mast cells derived from healthy subjects, and clarified differences in the production of tryptase, TGF-β1, and Stem Cell Factor. These findings suggest that tumor growth is driven by the overexpression of these proteins, and researchers believe that blocking the pathways that suppress the expression of these proteins can reduce inflammation and tumor growth.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.12
Mariko Tobise
Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa are everywhere and can lead to disease and infection if adequate hygiene practices and infection prevention techniques aren't followed as standard. Assistant Professor Mariko Tobise's research project seeks to educate medical professionals in the ever-present need to utilise infection prevention techniques. The aim is to dramatically reduce incidence of infection by providing tangible, visible information that will improve behaviours across the medical sector. Tobise is a nursing practice and education researcher with 20 years´ experience working in hospitals as a nurse who leads a team based within the Graduate School of Nursing at Chiba University in Japan. She and her team are developing a novel way to change behaviours. This involves enabling students to see the floating state and number of fine particle aerosols in various medical sites and university seminar rooms and incorporating analysis to allow them to identify the specific species of microorganism and get a real sense of the invisible things around us that can cause infection and disease. The researchers have conducted a comparative study of the learning effects of microparticle aerosol visualisation system intervention for the acquisition of aseptic manipulation techniques in basic nursing education courses and clarified the usefulness of the microparticle aerosol visualisation system. In the research, 81 second-year students were divided into two groups: a microparticle aerosol visualisation system intervention group and control group, and they practised aseptic techniques twice. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted for each group on the knowledge and skills needed to fully acquire the aseptic operation technique.
{"title":"Development of educational programs for infection prevention techniques in basic nursing education and verification of learning effects","authors":"Mariko Tobise","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa are everywhere and can lead to disease and infection if adequate hygiene practices and infection prevention techniques aren't followed as standard. Assistant Professor Mariko Tobise's research project seeks to educate medical professionals in the ever-present need to utilise infection prevention techniques. The aim is to dramatically reduce incidence of infection by providing tangible, visible information that will improve behaviours across the medical sector. Tobise is a nursing practice and education researcher with 20 years´ experience working in hospitals as a nurse who leads a team based within the Graduate School of Nursing at Chiba University in Japan. She and her team are developing a novel way to change behaviours. This involves enabling students to see the floating state and number of fine particle aerosols in various medical sites and university seminar rooms and incorporating analysis to allow them to identify the specific species of microorganism and get a real sense of the invisible things around us that can cause infection and disease. The researchers have conducted a comparative study of the learning effects of microparticle aerosol visualisation system intervention for the acquisition of aseptic manipulation techniques in basic nursing education courses and clarified the usefulness of the microparticle aerosol visualisation system. In the research, 81 second-year students were divided into two groups: a microparticle aerosol visualisation system intervention group and control group, and they practised aseptic techniques twice. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted for each group on the knowledge and skills needed to fully acquire the aseptic operation technique.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.68
Seisuke Mimori
The two strands of treatment available for coronary artery disease and associated pathologies are pharmaceutical and physical. However, these treatments are typically only available too late to help tackle the early underlying processes. Better understanding of the underlying processes is key to the development of preventative solutions. One of the key processes understanding coronary problems is atherosclerosis, which is when arteries lose elasticity. Associate Professor Seisuke Mimori, Department of Clinical Medicine, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan, is examining the underlying biochemistry of atherosclerosis. Professor Tetsuto Kanzaki has succeeded in cloning a protein called LTBP-1 and, under his direction, Seisuke has created a mutant of the protein and is analysing it. He intends to produce variants of LTBP-1 in order to investigate the function of various domains of the protein. This will involve firstly producing and isolating the protein and its variants in sufficient quantities. Then, he will test cell migration rates through an assay that he and the team have designed. This will enable the researchers to clarify exactly how LTBP-1 functions. In the future, Seisuke and the team will investigate the exact mechanism of action of the domains involved and explore the impact of LTBP-1 on the relevant organs and cells.
{"title":"Site determination and application of LTBP-1, a molecule related to atherosclerosis, involved in cell migration","authors":"Seisuke Mimori","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.68","url":null,"abstract":"The two strands of treatment available for coronary artery disease and associated pathologies are pharmaceutical and physical. However, these treatments are typically only available too late to help tackle the early underlying processes. Better understanding of the underlying processes is key to the development of preventative solutions. One of the key processes understanding coronary problems is atherosclerosis, which is when arteries lose elasticity. Associate Professor Seisuke Mimori, Department of Clinical Medicine, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan, is examining the underlying biochemistry of atherosclerosis. Professor Tetsuto Kanzaki has succeeded in cloning a protein called LTBP-1 and, under his direction, Seisuke has created a mutant of the protein and is analysing it. He intends to produce variants of LTBP-1 in order to investigate the function of various domains of the protein. This will involve firstly producing and isolating the protein and its variants in sufficient quantities. Then, he will test cell migration rates through an assay that he and the team have designed. This will enable the researchers to clarify exactly how LTBP-1 functions. In the future, Seisuke and the team will investigate the exact mechanism of action of the domains involved and explore the impact of LTBP-1 on the relevant organs and cells.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.18
Jun Motomura
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health problems across the globe and research has shown that, within Japan, the situation in Okinawa Prefecture is particularly concerning. Researchers from Meio University, Hirosaki University, and Kyoto University in Japan are collaborating on ‘The Yambaru Health Promotion Project’ (YHPP). This epidemiological survey is designed to collect data on the people of Okinawa Prefecture with the goal of extending life expectancy and healthy life expectancy and improving quality of life. The big data collected by the YHPP will be analysed by the Prediction Application for Liver Disease (PALD) Plan and the PALD Plan will implement a trial of an ALD/NAFLD predictive model in the community to increase health literacy and promote behaviour change. Senior Associate Professor Jun Motomura is part of the team working on this research. He and his collaborators are working to develop a low-cost algorithm for predicting the future risk of developing ALD/NAFLD from health check-up results and a smartphone application that utilises the predictive model. The researchers are hopeful that the PALD Plan means that Okinawans could enter their annual health check-up results into their low-cost ‘ALD/NAFLD Prediction Model’ smartphone app that the team is developing and use the app to view lifestyle improvement advice specific to them.
{"title":"Social implementation trial of the ALD/NAFLD predictive model to increase health literacy and promote behaviour change","authors":"Jun Motomura","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health problems across the globe and research has shown that, within Japan, the situation in Okinawa Prefecture is particularly concerning. Researchers from Meio University, Hirosaki University, and Kyoto University in Japan are collaborating on ‘The Yambaru Health Promotion Project’ (YHPP). This epidemiological survey is designed to collect data on the people of Okinawa Prefecture with the goal of extending life expectancy and healthy life expectancy and improving quality of life. The big data collected by the YHPP will be analysed by the Prediction Application for Liver Disease (PALD) Plan and the PALD Plan will implement a trial of an ALD/NAFLD predictive model in the community to increase health literacy and promote behaviour change. Senior Associate Professor Jun Motomura is part of the team working on this research. He and his collaborators are working to develop a low-cost algorithm for predicting the future risk of developing ALD/NAFLD from health check-up results and a smartphone application that utilises the predictive model. The researchers are hopeful that the PALD Plan means that Okinawans could enter their annual health check-up results into their low-cost ‘ALD/NAFLD Prediction Model’ smartphone app that the team is developing and use the app to view lifestyle improvement advice specific to them.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.59
Masahiro Nakamori
Dysphagia is the clinical name for difficulty with swallowing. It can occur with some neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and, given the rapidly ageing population, the numbers of patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia is on the rise. Despite being quite commonplace, the complex mechanisms of dysphagia mean that the condition is not well understood. Assistant Professor Masahiro Nakamori is a clinical neurologist investigating the mechanisms of neurological disease, with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases and dysphagia. A current focus is on dysphagia and silent aspiration in people with Parkinson's disease. He is based in the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. So far, Nakamori has explored several different techniques, including tongue pressure measurement and tongue ultrasonography, which are both used in swallowing evaluation. He is interested in non-invasive techniques that are simple to implement and wants to develop new creative instruments and techniques. In his current research, Nakamori and his collaborators are experimenting with multichannel surface electromyogram to gain a comprehensive understanding of neuromuscular activity. The goal is to develop new techniques and instruments that will help advance clinical neurology and dysphagia research and, of course, benefit patients; improving outcomes and quality of life.
{"title":"Impact of neck percutaneous interferential current sensory stimulation on swallowing function in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Masahiro Nakamori","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.59","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphagia is the clinical name for difficulty with swallowing. It can occur with some neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and, given the rapidly ageing population, the numbers of patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia is on the rise. Despite being quite commonplace, the complex mechanisms of dysphagia mean that the condition is not well understood. Assistant Professor Masahiro Nakamori is a clinical neurologist investigating the mechanisms of neurological disease, with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases and dysphagia. A current focus is on dysphagia and silent aspiration in people with Parkinson's disease. He is based in the Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan. So far, Nakamori has explored several different techniques, including tongue pressure measurement and tongue ultrasonography, which are both used in swallowing evaluation. He is interested in non-invasive techniques that are simple to implement and wants to develop new creative instruments and techniques. In his current research, Nakamori and his collaborators are experimenting with multichannel surface electromyogram to gain a comprehensive understanding of neuromuscular activity. The goal is to develop new techniques and instruments that will help advance clinical neurology and dysphagia research and, of course, benefit patients; improving outcomes and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.21
Toshihide Tanaka
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common and malignant tumours that originates in the brain. It has a high likelihood of recurrence and a poor survival rate. Professor Toshihide Tanaka, Chief Medical Officer, Jikei University School of Medicine, conducts translational research based on clinical samples of glioblastoma tumours obtained from brain tumour surgery procedures as well as animal studies. He heads up a multidisciplinary team focused on the design and selection of personalised treatments for hypervascular malignant gliomas. In their current project, the researchers are investigating the use of Bevacizumab (Bev), a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF enhances tumour growth by changing the surrounding environment to one more favourable for tumour growth. The effect of Bev on cancers is transient and the mechanisms of resistance to Bev are yet to be investigated in detail. The researchers are therefore seeking to discover predictive biomarkers of microenvironment-targeted therapy for GB. In order to investigate the effect and prediction factors of Bev on immunoregulation in GB, Tanaka and the team perform in situ observations using histological techniques including immunohistochemistry using tumour tissues from patients who have undergone surgical resection. The researchers have been able to demonstrate a decrease in microvascular density and an improvement in the tumour microenvironment after treatment with Bev.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect and prediction factors of bevacizumab on immunoregulation in glioblastoma","authors":"Toshihide Tanaka","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common and malignant tumours that originates in the brain. It has a high likelihood of recurrence and a poor survival rate. Professor Toshihide Tanaka, Chief Medical Officer, Jikei University School of Medicine, conducts translational research based on clinical samples of glioblastoma tumours obtained from brain tumour surgery procedures as well as animal studies. He heads up a multidisciplinary team focused on the design and selection of personalised treatments for hypervascular malignant gliomas. In their current project, the researchers are investigating the use of Bevacizumab (Bev), a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF enhances tumour growth by changing the surrounding environment to one more favourable for tumour growth. The effect of Bev on cancers is transient and the mechanisms of resistance to Bev are yet to be investigated in detail. The researchers are therefore seeking to discover predictive biomarkers of microenvironment-targeted therapy for GB. In order to investigate the effect and prediction factors of Bev on immunoregulation in GB, Tanaka and the team perform in situ observations using histological techniques including immunohistochemistry using tumour tissues from patients who have undergone surgical resection. The researchers have been able to demonstrate a decrease in microvascular density and an improvement in the tumour microenvironment after treatment with Bev.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.26
Junji Haruta
Managing the well-being of a super-ageing society requires effective collaboration and communication between professionals, organisations, patients and families. Alongside education and training, the importance of a comprehensive understanding of interprofessional competencies cannot be understated. Professor Junji Haruta is building on his personal experience as a physician dealing with family illnesses to conduct research that promotes a holistic approach to medicine. He believes primary care professionals will play a crucial role in providing optimal care for the elderly population in communities for the next 20 years. Haruta is developing resources, including models and theories linked to education on complex issues in primary care, to promote effective interprofessional education. These can be utilised by individuals, universities, organisations and the wider community as a comprehensive system and facilitate the development of solutions to the increasingly complex challenges associated with healthcare, promoting individual and societal well-being. Haruta employs empirical generalisation, which explores relationships between two or more variables observed across different conditions and involves collecting findings from various cases and specific contexts to identify patterns. In one study, he and his collaborators investigated the learning process of medical students in an online community diagnostics programme using a realist approach, which involves theory-driven evaluation, to identify patterns of learning within this programme using the Context (C), Mechanism (M) and Outcome (O) framework. They found that the students acquired knowledge about communities through four distinct learning patterns, and the community diagnosis programme facilitated a deeper understanding of communities through the application of discovery learning, variation theory and cognitive flexibility theory.
{"title":"Exploring patterns of collaboration among professionals, organisations, patients and communities that meet complex challenges and promote patient well-being","authors":"Junji Haruta","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Managing the well-being of a super-ageing society requires effective collaboration and communication between professionals, organisations, patients and families. Alongside education and training, the importance of a comprehensive understanding of interprofessional competencies cannot be understated. Professor Junji Haruta is building on his personal experience as a physician dealing with family illnesses to conduct research that promotes a holistic approach to medicine. He believes primary care professionals will play a crucial role in providing optimal care for the elderly population in communities for the next 20 years. Haruta is developing resources, including models and theories linked to education on complex issues in primary care, to promote effective interprofessional education. These can be utilised by individuals, universities, organisations and the wider community as a comprehensive system and facilitate the development of solutions to the increasingly complex challenges associated with healthcare, promoting individual and societal well-being. Haruta employs empirical generalisation, which explores relationships between two or more variables observed across different conditions and involves collecting findings from various cases and specific contexts to identify patterns. In one study, he and his collaborators investigated the learning process of medical students in an online community diagnostics programme using a realist approach, which involves theory-driven evaluation, to identify patterns of learning within this programme using the Context (C), Mechanism (M) and Outcome (O) framework. They found that the students acquired knowledge about communities through four distinct learning patterns, and the community diagnosis programme facilitated a deeper understanding of communities through the application of discovery learning, variation theory and cognitive flexibility theory.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.24
Tomoyoshi Naito
Chronic constipation (CC) is prevalent among the elderly population and particularly those with dementia. Associate Professor Tomoyoshi Naito, School of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Japan, is exploring supportive care of elderly patients with dementia. He is working with collaborators to develop a multidisciplinary CC management education programme for healthcare professionals involved with elderly patients suffering from dementia. The researchers will also build a model facility to implement and verify the impact of the programme. Part of this research concerns gaining a more in-depth understanding of management and care techniques, based on the Japanese Chronic Constipation Treatment Guidelines from 2017, especially in relation to the diet and differentiation of chronic functional constipation. The goal is to reduce the number of painful medical procedures by enhancing therapy, exercise therapy, lifestyle guidance and making it possible to select step-by-step drug therapy. The programme will be executed at two facilities in Japan, targeting specialist caregivers who work with elderly patients with dementia, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. They will receive basic education on chronic constipation in elderly people with dementia, as well as practical training on the management of CC in addition to self-training and evaluations based on case studies. In a randomised controlled trial, Naito sought to verify the impact of bowel training as a treatment for CC and found that, together with the training, encouraging patients to use appropriate defecation posture significantly improved the condition. This was associated with a corresponding improvement in the mental health and wellbeing of patients and caregivers.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary co-development of a chronic constipation management education programme for older people with dementia and the establishment of a model facility","authors":"Tomoyoshi Naito","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.24","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic constipation (CC) is prevalent among the elderly population and particularly those with dementia. Associate Professor Tomoyoshi Naito, School of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Japan, is exploring supportive care of elderly patients with dementia. He is working with collaborators to develop a multidisciplinary CC management education programme for healthcare professionals involved with elderly patients suffering from dementia. The researchers will also build a model facility to implement and verify the impact of the programme. Part of this research concerns gaining a more in-depth understanding of management and care techniques, based on the Japanese Chronic Constipation Treatment Guidelines from 2017, especially in relation to the diet and differentiation of chronic functional constipation. The goal is to reduce the number of painful medical procedures by enhancing therapy, exercise therapy, lifestyle guidance and making it possible to select step-by-step drug therapy. The programme will be executed at two facilities in Japan, targeting specialist caregivers who work with elderly patients with dementia, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. They will receive basic education on chronic constipation in elderly people with dementia, as well as practical training on the management of CC in addition to self-training and evaluations based on case studies. In a randomised controlled trial, Naito sought to verify the impact of bowel training as a treatment for CC and found that, together with the training, encouraging patients to use appropriate defecation posture significantly improved the condition. This was associated with a corresponding improvement in the mental health and wellbeing of patients and caregivers.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.71
Lucy Annette
Since its introduction in 2004, the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard (the Scoreboard) has annually compared companies, sectors and geographical areas to provide details of the situation of EU firms in the global R&D setting. The 2022 edition follows the New European Innovation Agenda, which was released in July 2022, a few months before the Scoreboard. Five key foci for the Agenda, which is focused on `Deep Tech Innovations´, are: Funding scale-ups; enabling innovation through experimentation spaces and public procurement; accelerating and strengthening innovation in European Innovation ecosystems across the EU and addressing the innovation divide; fostering, attracting and retaining talents; and improving policy making tools. Essentially, the Agenda is seeking to advance innovation, while the Scoreboard measures it, enabling progress to be monitored. Details on 2,500 companies feature in the Scoreboard, 361 of which are headquartered in the EU, accounting for 17.6 per cent of the total R&D investment. In 2021, they invested an impressive €192.8 billion in R&D, overcoming the challenges presented by the pandemic. .`I am pleased to see the rebound of EU companies´ investment in research and development of 8.9 per cent after a drop last year of 2.2 per cent due to the COVID-19 pandemic,´ commented Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth, in the Scoreboard's foreword. Four key sectors account for 77.8 per cent of total Scoreboard R&D: ICT producers, health industries, ICT services and automotive. EU Scoreboard companies were found to be the global leader in automotive R&D.
{"title":"The economics of EU industrial R&I revealed","authors":"Lucy Annette","doi":"10.21820/23987073.2023.3.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.71","url":null,"abstract":"Since its introduction in 2004, the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard (the Scoreboard) has annually compared companies, sectors and geographical areas to provide details of the situation of EU firms in the global R&D setting. The 2022 edition follows the New European Innovation Agenda, which was released in July 2022, a few months before the Scoreboard. Five key foci for the Agenda, which is focused on `Deep Tech Innovations´, are: Funding scale-ups; enabling innovation through experimentation spaces and public procurement; accelerating and strengthening innovation in European Innovation ecosystems across the EU and addressing the innovation divide; fostering, attracting and retaining talents; and improving policy making tools. Essentially, the Agenda is seeking to advance innovation, while the Scoreboard measures it, enabling progress to be monitored. Details on 2,500 companies feature in the Scoreboard, 361 of which are headquartered in the EU, accounting for 17.6 per cent of the total R&D investment. In 2021, they invested an impressive €192.8 billion in R&D, overcoming the challenges presented by the pandemic. .`I am pleased to see the rebound of EU companies´ investment in research and development of 8.9 per cent after a drop last year of 2.2 per cent due to the COVID-19 pandemic,´ commented Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth, in the Scoreboard's foreword. Four key sectors account for 77.8 per cent of total Scoreboard R&D: ICT producers, health industries, ICT services and automotive. EU Scoreboard companies were found to be the global leader in automotive R&D.","PeriodicalId":13517,"journal":{"name":"Impact","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2023.3.49
Yoshihide Hashimoto
Investigations to discover potential corneal stromal substitutes to effectively treat corneal stromal disease tend to focus on transparent and bio-inert synthetic polymer materials and hydrogel materials. More recent studies are looking at alternative therapeutic materials that utilise corneas from pigs. Assistant Professor Yoshihide Hashimoto, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan, is part of a team developing functional materials and therapeutic techniques to restore the function of damaged biological tissues and organs based on biomaterials and bioengineering. At present, the researchers are focused on restoring the function of corneas, but the research has the potential for broader applications. After blindness caused by clouding or shape change, corneal transplantation is the only effective treatment but there is a worldwide shortage of donated human corneas. To establish an advanced treatment for corneal diseases in combination with cell therapy, reliable artificial corneal stroma is required and Hashimoto and the team are exploring the potential of highly transparent decellularised porcine cornea for the treatment of corneal stroma disease. This has potential to overcome the issues associated with existing treatments and can also be developed for reconstruction of full-thickness cornea. In decellularised corneas, cellular components are removed from animal-derived corneal tissue. The method the team is using does not use surfactants, which means the functional proteins and tissue structure can be retained.
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