Infrared Physics & Technology最新文献_第8页

A torsion and strain sensor based on center-offset helical structure of four-core optical fiber 一种基于四芯光纤中心偏置螺旋结构的扭转应变传感器

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106343

Yongxiang Zhang, Jiancheng Zhao, Ziyi An, Lijiao Zu, Shi Qiu, Wa Jin, Xinghu Fu

A helical twisted four-core fiber (FCF) sensor with a center-offset is proposed and fabricated. The sensor structure is composed of a single-mode fiber (SMF)-FCF-SMF configuration. A periodic helical structure with a center-offset was fabricated in the FCF region. The presence of this center-offset helical structure introduces birefringence into the FCF, thereby forming an interferometer. Experimental investigations on the sensor’s performance in torsion and strain sensing were conducted. The results show that within the torsional rotation range of −20.94 rad/m to 20.94 rad/m, the sensor achieves a maximum torsion sensitivity of −118 pm/(rad/m). The helical structure enables the recognition of torsion direction. Within the strain range of 0 to 1300 μɛ, the sensor exhibits a maximum strain sensitivity of −4.95 nm/mɛ. The center-offset effectively enhances the sensor’s strain sensitivity. These findings demonstrate that the sensor possesses high sensitivity to both torsion and strain. The center-offset helical structure significantly improves torsion and strain sensitivity, allows identification of torsion magnitude and direction, and effectively detects strain.

提出并制作了一种具有中心偏移的螺旋扭曲四芯光纤（FCF）传感器。传感器结构由单模光纤(SMF)-FCF-SMF配置组成。在FCF区制备了具有中心偏移的周期性螺旋结构。这种中心偏置螺旋结构的存在引入了双折射到FCF，从而形成了干涉仪。对该传感器的扭矩和应变传感性能进行了实验研究。结果表明，在- 20.94 rad/m ~ 20.94 rad/m的扭转旋转范围内，传感器的最大扭转灵敏度为- 118 pm/(rad/m)。螺旋结构可以识别扭转方向。在0 ~ 1300 μ /的应变范围内，传感器的最大应变灵敏度为−4.95 nm/m /。中心偏移有效地提高了传感器的应变灵敏度。这些结果表明，该传感器对扭转和应变都具有很高的灵敏度。中心偏置螺旋结构显著提高了扭转和应变灵敏度，可以识别扭转的大小和方向，有效地检测应变。

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引用次数: 0

Broadening and enhancement of mid-infrared emission via WO3 incorporation in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses 掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中WO3对中红外发射的增宽和增强

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106348

Fajian He , Lulu Xu , Qianqiao Dong , Xinyi Xu , Xuejun Zhang , Shixun Dai

In this work, the effect of WO₃ incorporation on mid-infrared luminescence is systematically studied for the first time in heavily Er³⁺-doped TeO₂-ZnO-La₂O₃-WO₃ glasses. Results show that WO₃ content strongly influences the emission behavior from visible to mid-infrared regions, with related energy transfer mechanisms clarified. The introduction of WO₃ effectively suppresses the up-conversion emission of Er³⁺, thereby promoting the down-conversion transition (Er³⁺: ⁴I_11/2 → ⁴I_13/2) and significantly enhancing both the intensity and bandwidth of mid-infrared emission. An equivalent three-level Stark splitting model is proposed to explain the WO₃-induced spectral broadening. The optimized 66TeO₂-20ZnO-8La₂O₃-4WO₃-2Er₂O₃ (mol%) glass exhibits high thermal stability (ΔT = 143 °C), a large 2.7 µm emission cross-section (0.82 × 10^-20 cm²), and a broad effective bandwidth (145 nm), making it highly suitable for broadband mid-infrared devices. Fiber drawn from this composition show strong 2.7 µm emission under 980 nm pumping, confirming its potential as a gain medium for mid-infrared fiber lasers.

本文首次系统研究了重Er3+掺杂TeO2-ZnO-La2O3-WO3玻璃中WO3掺杂对中红外发光的影响。结果表明，WO3含量对可见光至中红外区的发射行为有强烈影响，并明确了相关的能量传递机制。WO3的引入有效抑制了Er3+的上转换发射，从而促进了Er3+的下转换跃迁（Er3+: 4I11/2→4I13/2），显著提高了中红外发射的强度和带宽。提出了一个等效的三能级Stark分裂模型来解释wo3引起的光谱展宽。优化后的66TeO2-20ZnO-8La2O3-4WO3-2Er2O3 （mol%）玻璃具有较高的热稳定性（ΔT = 143℃）、较大的2.7µm发射截面（0.82 × 10-20 cm2）和较宽的有效带宽（145 nm），非常适合用于宽带中红外器件。在980 nm泵浦下，从该成分中提取的光纤显示出2.7 μ m的强发射，证实了其作为中红外光纤激光器增益介质的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

NSOE-Net: Noise suppression and object enhancement network for infrared small target detection 红外小目标检测噪声抑制与目标增强网络

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106361

Tingting Yao, Yu Zhang, Meiwen Zhu, Qing Hu

Infrared small target detection plays a crucial role in military and security applications. However, the complex background noise and blurred boundary of the target degrade the detection performance of existing methods. In this paper, a noise suppression and object enhancement network has been proposed to overcome these issues. First, a noise suppression module (NSM) is designed. The interference of noise is suppressed, and more accurate feature representation of the target is extracted. Furthermore, an edge enhancement module (EEM) has been designed to extract more boundary information of small targets with indistinct contours, thereby improving the localization accuracy of the network. Finally, a multi-scale attention enhanced fusion module (MAEFM) is devised. A joint attention enhancement block (JAEB) is introduced in each layer, and multi-scale features are effectively fused, which further strengthens the feature description ability of the network for small targets. Experimental results on two widely used datasets demonstrate that the proposed network could achieve superior detection accuracy for infrared small targets compared with other state-of-the-art approaches.

红外小目标探测在军事和安全领域有着重要的应用。然而，复杂的背景噪声和模糊的目标边界降低了现有方法的检测性能。本文提出了一种噪声抑制和目标增强网络来克服这些问题。首先设计了噪声抑制模块（NSM）。抑制噪声的干扰，提取目标更准确的特征表示。此外，设计了边缘增强模块（EEM），对轮廓不清晰的小目标提取更多的边界信息，从而提高了网络的定位精度。最后，设计了多尺度注意力增强融合模块（MAEFM）。在每一层引入联合注意增强块（JAEB），有效融合了多尺度特征，进一步增强了网络对小目标的特征描述能力。在两个广泛使用的数据集上的实验结果表明，与其他最新方法相比，该网络对红外小目标的检测精度更高。

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引用次数: 0

Research on THz wave detection in field-effect transistors with quantum effect 量子效应场效应晶体管中太赫兹波探测的研究

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106354

Liping Zhang, Haitao He, Meiling Zhang, Junyan Su

The efficient detection of Terahertz (THz) waves remains a pivotal yet challenging frontier in scientific research. This study delves into THz wave detection in Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) with quantum effect. By employing a self-consistent quantum hydrodynamic model and boundary conditions, we derived dispersion relation and the detector’s responsivity. Numerical simulations were conducted to explore the impact of quantum effects, electron interactions with phonons and impurities, and electron fluid viscosity on the responsivity of THz waves in FETs. The findings indicate a significant enhancement in responsivity due to quantum effects, whereas electron–phonon/impurity interactions and electron fluid viscosity tend to diminish it. These theoretical findings provide critical insights for experimental optimization and the development of high-performance THz detectors. In summary, this study demonstrates substantial potential for practical applications.

对太赫兹（THz）波的有效探测仍然是科学研究的关键但具有挑战性的前沿。本研究探讨了具有量子效应的场效应晶体管（fet）的太赫兹波探测。利用自洽量子流体力学模型和边界条件，推导了色散关系和探测器的响应度。通过数值模拟探讨了量子效应、电子与声子和杂质的相互作用以及电子流体粘度对场效应管中太赫兹波响应性的影响。研究结果表明，由于量子效应，响应性显著增强，而电子-声子/杂质相互作用和电子流体粘度倾向于降低响应性。这些理论发现为实验优化和高性能太赫兹探测器的开发提供了重要的见解。总之，本研究显示了实际应用的巨大潜力。

引用次数: 0

Intracavity switchable Laguerre–Gaussian mode generation in a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser via spot defect and off-axis pumping 利用光斑缺陷和离轴泵浦产生侧泵浦Nd:YAG激光器腔内可切换拉盖尔-高斯模式

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106366

Zeqian Liu , Hui Chen , Jiashuo An , Junhong Chen , Bingzheng Yan , Yulei Wang , Zhiwei Lu , Zhenxu Bai

Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) demonstrate enhanced information-carrying capacity, making them particularly valuable for high-capacity optical communications. Additionally, petal-like LG beams exhibit unique advantages for spin angular velocity measurements due to their distinctive intensity profiles and phase singularity characteristics. However, current laser systems face significant challenges in achieving direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams outputs. This study presents a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser system capable of direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams. By introducing specifically engineered spot defects of varying dimensions in the resonator mirrors of a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser system, we demonstrate tunable vortex beam generation from 1st to 6th order through cavity length adjustments. Furthermore, mode conversion between vortex and petal-like beams is achieved using an off-axis pumping scheme, in which the pump beam is intentionally displaced from the center of the defect. Using this approach, stable petal-like LG modes ranging from LG_0,1 to LG_0,12. are successfully generated. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time an intracavity LG mode conversion strategy that combines engineered spot defects with off-axis pumping, providing a compact and versatile platform for flexible structured-light generation.

携带轨道角动量（OAM）的拉盖尔-高斯（LG）光束显示出增强的信息承载能力，使它们在高容量光通信中特别有价值。此外，花瓣状的LG光束由于其独特的强度分布和相位奇点特性，在自旋角速度测量中表现出独特的优势。然而，目前的激光系统在实现高阶涡旋光束和花瓣状光束输出之间的直接切换方面面临着重大挑战。本文提出了一种能够在高阶涡旋光束和花瓣状光束之间直接切换的侧泵浦Nd:YAG激光系统。通过在侧面泵浦Nd:YAG激光系统的谐振镜中引入特殊设计的不同尺寸的光斑缺陷，我们演示了通过腔长调节产生1到6阶的可调谐涡旋光束。此外，旋涡和花瓣状光束之间的模式转换采用了离轴泵浦方案，其中泵浦光束有意地从缺陷的中心偏移。利用这种方法，可以得到稳定的花瓣状LG模态，范围从LG0,1到LG0,12。生成成功。据我们所知，这项工作首次展示了一种结合了工程光斑缺陷和离轴泵浦的腔内LG模式转换策略，为灵活的结构光产生提供了一个紧凑而通用的平台。

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引用次数: 0

High power and efficient Ho-doped scandium silicate laser using tandem-set multiple concentrations scheme 串联多浓度方案的高功率高效掺ho硅酸钪激光器

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106355

Wensheng Zhang , Linjun Li , Xiaoming Duan , Haidong Gu , Hong Liang

In this paper, a high-power and efficient holmium-doped scandium silicate (Ho:SSO) laser featuring a tandem-set multiple concentrations scheme is demonstrated, where enhanced power scalability and conversion efficiency were achieved. A continuous-wave output power of 30.8 W was attained, with a slope efficiency of 74.2 %. A good beam quality factor of 1.3 was maintained throughout maximum power operation. When operated under acousto-optic Q-switching conditions at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, a pulse energy of 2.2 mJ was obtained with a pulse width of 24 ns, resulting in peak power levels exceeding 90 kW.

本文展示了一种具有串联多浓度方案的高功率高效掺钬硅酸钪（Ho:SSO）激光器，该激光器具有增强的功率可扩展性和转换效率。连续波输出功率为30.8 W，斜率效率为74.2%。在整个最大功率运行期间，保持了良好的光束质量因子1.3。在重复频率为10 kHz的声光调q条件下，脉冲能量为2.2 mJ，脉冲宽度为24 ns，峰值功率超过90 kW。

引用次数: 0

Bic-driven wavelength tunable perfect absorption for sensing application 双驱动波长可调的完美吸收传感应用

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106363

Lixia Li , Jianwei Ban , Feiyou Liu , Ning Feng , Yufang Liu

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing light-matter interactions in nanophotonics as well as for the development of high-performance sensing applications. In this paper, we investigate a dielectric metasurface stack featuring a silicon (Si) grating as the top layer and a silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layer below it, which is supported by a metal reflector. By tailoring BIC, the wavelength of perfect absorption can be tuned from visible to the near-infrared region, which is caused by three eigenmodes. Two of which correspond to accidental BICs with toroidal dipole (TD) characteristics, by varying the thickness of SiO₂ spacer layer for perfect absorption, while another corresponds to a symmetry-protected BIC with TD characteristics, by altering the interspacing between the Si grating pairs to break the structural symmetry for perfect absorption. Significantly, the metasurface also displays considerable sensing potential in the visible light and near-infrared regions. The results show that the maximum sensitivity in refractive index sensing reaches 646.7 nm/RIU. In temperature sensing applications, when the sensing temperature ranges from 20 °C to 100 °C, the metasurface can achieve a sensitivity index of 0.215 nm/°C. Our research enhances the understanding of BICs and is expected to contribute to the development of ultra-high sensitivity sensors for refractive index and temperature sensing in the wide wavelength range.

连续体中的束缚态（bic）在纳米光子学中增强光-物质相互作用以及开发高性能传感应用方面显示出巨大的潜力。在本文中，我们研究了一种介电超表面堆叠，其顶部为硅（Si）光栅，其下为二氧化硅（SiO2）层，由金属反射器支撑。通过剪裁BIC，完美吸收波长可以从可见光区调谐到近红外区，这是由三个本征模式引起的。其中两个对应于具有环向偶极子（TD）特性的偶然BIC，通过改变SiO2间隔层的厚度来实现完美吸收，而另一个对应于具有TD特性的对称保护BIC，通过改变Si光栅对之间的间距来打破结构对称性以实现完美吸收。值得注意的是，超表面在可见光和近红外区域也显示出相当大的传感潜力。结果表明，折射率传感的最大灵敏度可达646.7 nm/RIU。在温度传感应用中，当传感温度在20℃~ 100℃范围内时，超表面可以达到0.215 nm/℃的灵敏度指数。我们的研究增强了对bic的理解，并有望为在宽波长范围内用于折射率和温度传感的超高灵敏度传感器的发展做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in enhancing the sensitivity of TDLAS for water vapor concentration detection − A review TDLAS提高水汽浓度检测灵敏度的研究进展

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106309

Jie Wang , Mingzhao Wang , Feng Qian , Xiong Bao , Ruyi Jia , Chao Wang , Xuan Yang , Kai Wang , Xiaofeng Guo

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology enables high-precision measurement of gas concentration by detecting the absorption characteristics of gas samples using lasers at specific wavelengths, featuring real-time monitoring, non-contact measurement, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. This paper reviews the research progress of this technology in water vapor concentration measurement and methods for improving detection sensitivity. The technical innovations in laser improvements, gas absorption cell design, signal demodulation and background interference suppression, as well as environmental adaptability and measurement limits are discussed. The sensitivity enhancement effects of different technical routes are analyzed, highlighting the importance of temperature and pressure compensation, as well as background noise suppression, in enhancing the detection limit and sensitivity of water vapor concentration. The application scenarios of TDLAS water vapor concentration measurement technology in complex and harsh environments are summarized. Finally, the paper outlines the future development directions of TDLAS technology in environmental monitoring and industrial applications.

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）技术通过使用特定波长的激光检测气体样品的吸收特性，实现高精度气体浓度测量，具有实时监测、非接触测量、高灵敏度和高选择性等特点。本文综述了该技术在水蒸气浓度测量中的研究进展及提高检测灵敏度的方法。讨论了激光改进、气体吸收池设计、信号解调和背景干扰抑制、环境适应性和测量限制等方面的技术创新。分析了不同技术路线的灵敏度增强效果，强调了温度和压力补偿以及背景噪声抑制对提高水汽浓度的检测限和灵敏度的重要性。总结了TDLAS水汽浓度测量技术在复杂恶劣环境下的应用场景。最后，概述了TDLAS技术在环境监测和工业应用方面的未来发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid convolutional neural network optical fiber vector curvature sensing via spectral pattern recognition 基于光谱模式识别的混合卷积神经网络光纤矢量曲率传感

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106349

Xiaopeng Han , Junbo Niu , Xueheng Yan , Yundong Zhang , Fan Wang , Siyu Lin , Wuliji Hasi , Yuan Wei

Fiber curvature sensing has attracted increasing interest due to its high sensitivity, structural versatility, and real-time response. In this work, we propose an intelligent vector curvature sensing system based on a composite optical fiber structure that combines a multimode–OHTC Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with an etched triple-core fiber Bragg grating (TCF-FBG). Theoretical and experimental analyses verify that the hybrid MZI–TCF-FBG configuration enables high-sensitivity intensity-modulated vector curvature sensing, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 23.41 dB/m⁻¹. To further enhance sensing speed and avoid reliance on wavelength tracking, a spectral pattern–recognition framework is developed using a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). With unified data preprocessing and cross-validation, the optimized 2D CNN + MLP model yields a minimum mean-square error of 0.002 m⁻¹ and an R² value approaching 1, demonstrating excellent accuracy and generalization. The proposed method offers a promising route toward rapid, robust, and high-precision vector curvature sensing.

光纤曲率传感因其高灵敏度、结构通用性和实时性而受到越来越多的关注。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于复合光纤结构的智能矢量曲率传感系统，该结构将多模ohtc Mach-Zehnder干涉仪（MZI）与蚀刻三芯光纤布拉格光栅（TCF-FBG）相结合。理论和实验分析证实，混合MZI-TCF-FBG配置实现了高灵敏度的强度调制矢量曲率传感，最大灵敏度为23.41 dB/m−1。为了进一步提高传感速度并避免对波长跟踪的依赖，采用混合卷积神经网络（CNN）和多层感知器（MLP）开发了一种光谱模式识别框架。经过统一的数据预处理和交叉验证，优化后的二维CNN + MLP模型均方误差最小为0.002 m−1，R2值接近1，具有良好的精度和泛化能力。该方法为实现快速、鲁棒和高精度的矢量曲率传感提供了一条有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

BSTNA-Net: Nested attention network with bottleneck Swin Transformer for infrared small target detection BSTNA-Net：用于红外小目标检测的瓶颈Swin变压器嵌套注意网络

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106345

Sibei Li, Xin Song, Yuxuan Li

The process of detecting small targets in single-frame infrared images poses a considerable challenge, particularly in complex scenes where the appearance of the target is comparable to that of the background. The challenges associated with deep learning methods can be attributed to the feature information loss during the continuous extraction and transmission of features, as well as the inadequate semantic feature correlation between small targets and the background. The proposed BSTNA-Net is an attention-based nested network with a bottleneck Swin Transformer. Specifically, a residual-attention structure incorporating serial channel and spatial attention is combined with a nested U-Net architecture, thereby achieving adaptive feature enhancement while enabling dense feature reuse across skip connections of varying spans. Moreover, a Wavelet Down-sampling Block is employed to supersede traditional pooling layers. This is achieved by integrating wavelet transformation with grouped feature reconstruction, thereby minimizing the loss of information from the deep layers. In addition, the Bottleneck Swin Transformer Block is integrated into the network to process deep feature maps, and the shifted window self-attention mechanism is employed to enhance the global feature extraction capability of the deep neural network, thereby improving the detection and segmentation accuracy of small infrared targets. A series of experiments on the IRSTD-1k and NUDT-SIRST datasets have been conducted, the results of which indicate that the proposed BSTNA-Net is at the leading edge in terms of detection performance and computational efficiency.

在单帧红外图像中检测小目标的过程提出了相当大的挑战，特别是在目标外观与背景相当的复杂场景中。深度学习方法面临的挑战可以归结为特征在连续提取和传输过程中的特征信息丢失，以及小目标与背景之间语义特征相关性不足。提出的BSTNA-Net是一种基于注意力的嵌套网络，具有瓶颈Swin变压器。具体而言，将包含串行信道和空间注意的剩余注意结构与嵌套U-Net体系结构相结合，从而实现自适应特征增强，同时实现跨不同跨度的跳跃连接的密集特征重用。此外，采用小波下采样块取代传统的池化层。这是通过将小波变换与分组特征重构相结合来实现的，从而最大限度地减少了深层信息的损失。此外，将瓶颈Swin变压器块集成到网络中处理深度特征映射，并利用移位窗口自关注机制增强深度神经网络的全局特征提取能力，从而提高红外小目标的检测和分割精度。在IRSTD-1k和NUDT-SIRST数据集上进行了一系列实验，结果表明所提出的BSTNA-Net在检测性能和计算效率方面处于领先地位。

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引用次数: 0