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Investigating infrared Radiation, Energy, and fracture evolution features of dry and wet coal under cyclic loading 研究循环加载下干湿煤的红外辐射、能量和断裂演化特征
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105542
Guanghui Cao , Liqiang Ma , Zezhou Guo , Arienkhe Endurance Osemudiamhen , Qiangqiang Gao

The continuous mining activities at the working face cause periodic disturbances to the surrounding coal rock mass. Investigating the response characteristics of surface infrared radiation temperature, energy evolution features, and fracture development patterns in coal rock under cyclic loading and unloading is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of damage, degradation, and instability in rocks associated with mining operations. In this research work, we conducted infrared radiation observation experiments on both dry and wet coal samples subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading. Furthermore, we carried out a thorough analysis of the resulting temperature variations, energy changes, and fracture evolution patterns. It was found that the average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT) generally increases during the loading phase and decreases during the unloading phase, with the variance of successive minus infrared image temperature (VSMIT) exhibiting a sharp change just prior to failure. Energy analysis indicates that dissipated energy during the pore compaction and elastic deformation stages is minimal, while in the plastic deformation stage, the proportion of dissipated energy to total energy increases, displaying a “concave” upward trend. Additionally, fitting results show that the AIRT follows a single exponential decay relationship with dissipated energy, with wet coal exhibiting a greater decay coefficient, highlighting that moisture accelerates the rate of temperature decline. The Particle Flow Code (PFC) simulation results further demonstrate that the number of cracks in dry coal samples significantly exceeds that in wet coal samples, showing a single exponential relationship between the number of fractures and dissipated energy, which indicates that the development of fractures in dry coal rock occurs at a faster rate with increasing dissipated energy compared to wet coal rock.

工作面的连续采矿活动会对周围的煤岩体造成周期性扰动。研究煤岩在循环加载和卸载下的表面红外辐射温度响应特征、能量演化特征和断裂发展模式,对于加深我们对采矿作业相关岩石的破坏、退化和不稳定机制的理解至关重要。在这项研究工作中,我们对承受单轴循环加载和卸载的干煤和湿煤样品进行了红外辐射观测实验。此外,我们还对由此产生的温度变化、能量变化和断裂演化模式进行了深入分析。研究发现,平均红外辐射温度(AIRT)一般在加载阶段升高,在卸载阶段降低,而连续减去红外图像温度的方差(VSMIT)在失效前出现急剧变化。能量分析表明,在孔隙压实和弹性变形阶段耗散的能量极小,而在塑性变形阶段,耗散能量占总能量的比例增加,呈 "凹 "形上升趋势。此外,拟合结果表明,AIRT 与耗散能量呈单指数衰减关系,湿煤的衰减系数更大,这说明水分加快了温度下降的速度。粒子流代码(PFC)模拟结果进一步表明,干煤炭样本中的裂缝数量大大超过湿煤炭样本中的裂缝数量,裂缝数量与耗散能量之间呈单指数关系,这表明与湿煤炭岩石相比,随着耗散能量的增加,干煤炭岩石中的裂缝发展速度更快。
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引用次数: 0
Compact 2-μm Hundred Hertz optical parametric oscillator Based on KTP crystal 基于 KTP 晶体的紧凑型 2-μm 百赫兹光参量振荡器
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105533
Chenjie Zhao , Yu Yu , Hengzhe Yu , Jian Yin , Chen Cao , Qifan Dang , Jianfeng Yue , Kai Li , Yunfei Li , Yulei Wang , Zhiwei Lu

A 100 Hz compact 2 μm optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a type II non-critically phase-matched KTiOPO4 crystal (KTP) was reported. The monolithic KTP crystal was pumped with a passively Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. At a repetition rate of 100 Hz and a single pulse energy of 5.8 mJ of pump light, a 2128-nm laser output was achieved with a maximum of 1.17 mJ of parametric light at the degenerate point, with a parametric light pulse width of approximately 10.5 ns, corresponding to a pump to parametric light conversion efficiency of 20.1 %.

报告了一种基于 II 型非临界相位匹配 KTiOPO4 晶体(KTP)的 100 Hz 紧凑型 2 μm 光参量振荡器(OPO)。单片 KTP 晶体由被动 Q 开关 1064 nm Nd:YAG 激光器泵浦。在 100 Hz 的重复频率和 5.8 mJ 泵浦光单脉冲能量条件下,实现了 2128 nm 的激光输出,在退化点处的参量光最大值为 1.17 mJ,参量光脉冲宽度约为 10.5 ns,泵浦光到参量光的转换效率为 20.1%。
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引用次数: 0
Synchrotron radiation far infrared spectrum of the astrophysically significant Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) molecule in the gauche states in the vibrational ground state and other infrared observations 具有天体物理学意义的乙醇(CH3CH2OH)分子在振动基态的高斯态的同步辐射远红外光谱及其他红外观测结果
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105534
Indranath Mukhopadhyay
<div><p>In this communication, the analyses of synchrotron radiation far infrared (FIR) spectrum corresponding to the gauche- (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>o</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) states of Ethyl Alcohol are reported. Detailed assignments have been performed for b-type transitions for K values ranging from 5 to 32 and up to a maximum J value of 50. The assignments confirmed the earlier microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) spectroscopic results. The transition wavenumbers have been used to determine the term values for the gauche-states involved for all the K and J values for which observation has been made. About 2000 spectral lines have been assigned, including some accurately calculated lines that fall in the MW and MMW regions. Although transitions between the trans-species and gauche species are not allowed in Ethanol, many resonances and level crossings of energy levels cause forbidden transitions. One such system of level crossings between <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn><msub><mi>o</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>12</mn><mi>e</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> has been analyzed in detail, and the interaction coefficient determined. The state mixing seems quite strong and causes forbidden transitions <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, including transitions for <span><math><mrow><mi>trans</mi><mo>↔</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>, have been found. In addition, many new strong transitions have been assigned, which belong to the trans-species. To extend our work to higher wave numbers to facilitate observations made by the infrared detector on board the James Webb Space Telescope (<em>JWST</em>), the analysis of the torsional fundamental band transitions (around <span><math><mrow><mn>220</mn><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) for <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>o</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>←</mo><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>o</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>←</mo><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> has been taken up. Some of the assignments are discussed here. Lastly, the lower-lying vibrational bands centered around <span><math><mrow><mn>425</mn><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> (CCO– bending mode) and the band at around <span><math><mrow><mn>800</mn><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CH</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>-</mo></mrow></math></span> rocking mode) have been recorded. The CCO bending band shows an unmistakable parallel character for t
本研究报告分析了同步辐射远红外光谱(FIR)中与乙醇的高碳态(e1ando1)相对应的光谱。对 K 值在 5 到 32 之间、最大 J 值为 50 的 b 型跃迁进行了详细的赋值。这些赋值证实了之前的微波(MW)和毫米波(MMW)光谱结果。过渡波数已被用来确定所有 K 值和 J 值的高斯状态所涉及的术语值。已经分配了大约 2000 条谱线,包括一些经过精确计算的属于 MW 和 MMW 区域的谱线。虽然乙醇中不允许跨种和高种之间的跃迁,但许多共振和能级交叉都会导致禁止跃迁。我们对 K=10o1 和 12ee00 之间的一个这样的能级交叉系统进行了详细分析,并确定了相互作用系数。状态混合似乎相当强,并导致了禁止跃迁(ΔK=0,2,3),包括反式↔高切的跃迁。此外,我们还发现了许多新的强跃迁,它们都属于跨物种。为了将我们的工作扩展到更高的波数,以便于詹姆斯-韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)上的红外探测器进行观测,我们对 o2←e0 和 o2←e1 的扭转基带转换(约 220cm-1 )进行了分析。本文讨论了其中的一些分配。最后,还记录了以 425cm-1 为中心的低频振动带(CCO- 弯曲模式)和以 800cm-1 为中心的振动带(CH3- 摇摆模式)。CCO 弯曲带显示出明显的反式平行特征。CCO 弯曲带的赋值工作正在进行中,K=0 和 K=1(+and-)的赋值结果包含在本报告中。可以获得 CCO 弯曲模式的精确项值。根据这些结果,可以确定 CCO 弯曲态激发振动状态下跨物种的主导旋转常数。附录 I 和附录 II 分别收集了母体同素异形体约 16,000 条线和 13 -C1 和 13-C2(见图表摘要)取代乙醇同素异形体约 650 条线的完整已知分配线。这些图集将成为进一步进行能级分析和星际空间乙醇天文探测的宝贵工具。
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The assignments confirmed the earlier microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) spectroscopic results. The transition wavenumbers have been used to determine the term values for the gauche-states involved for all the K and J values for which observation has been made. About 2000 spectral lines have been assigned, including some accurately calculated lines that fall in the MW and MMW regions. Although transitions between the trans-species and gauche species are not allowed in Ethanol, many resonances and level crossings of energy levels cause forbidden transitions. One such system of level crossings between &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; has been analyzed in detail, and the interaction coefficient determined. The state mixing seems quite strong and causes forbidden transitions &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, including transitions for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;trans&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;↔&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, have been found. In addition, many new strong transitions have been assigned, which belong to the trans-species. To extend our work to higher wave numbers to facilitate observations made by the infrared detector on board the James Webb Space Telescope (&lt;em&gt;JWST&lt;/em&gt;), the analysis of the torsional fundamental band transitions (around &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;220&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;←&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;←&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; has been taken up. Some of the assignments are discussed here. Lastly, the lower-lying vibrational bands centered around &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;425&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (CCO– bending mode) and the band at around &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;800&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;cm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;CH&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;-&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; rocking mode) have been recorded. The CCO bending band shows an unmistakable parallel character for t","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of secondary metabolites in maize under different nitrogen inputs by hyperspectral sensing and machine learning 利用高光谱传感和机器学习预测不同氮输入条件下玉米的次生代谢产物
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105524
Meessias Antônio da Silva , Cid Naudi Silva Campos , Renato de Mello Prado , Alessandra Rodrigues dos Santos , Ana Carina da Silva Candido , Dthenifer Cordeiro Santana , Izabela Cristina de Oliveira , Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio , Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior , Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro , Paulo Eduardo Teodoro

Flavonoids are compounds resulting from secondary plant metabolism that provide benefits to human health by food. This study aimed to accuracy of predicting flavonoids in maize plants subjected to different nitrogen rates using hyperspectral reflectance and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks in a 4 × 5 factorial design (four N inputs: 0; 30; 60 and 120 % of the recommended N input; and five readings of the reflectance spectra in maize leaves from different vegetative stages: V6, V8, V10, V12 and V14, in four replications, totaling 80 treatments. N rates were applied in the V4 and V8 phenological stages, using urea as the N source. For hyperspectral analysis, four leaves from each treatment were collected and analyzed using a spectroradiometer (FieldSpec 4 HRes, Analytical Spectral Devices), capturing the spectrum in the 350 to 2500 nm range. Subsequently, the leaf samples used in the reflectance readings were dried, ground and subjected to isoflavone quantification, analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography in three repetitions, quantifying daidzein 1 (D1), daidzein 2 (D2), genistein 1 (G1), genistein 2 (G2), and total isoflavones. Data obtained was subjected to machine learning analysis, testing two data set input configurations: wavelengths (WL) and calculated spectral bands (B), and D1, D2, G1, G2 and total isoflavones as output variables. The ML algorithms tested were artificial neural networks (ANN), REPTree (DT), M5P decision tree (M5P), ZeroR (R), Random Forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), evaluated according to their performance by the correlation coefficient (r) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the SVM algorithm had the highest accuracy in predicting the variables D1, D2, G1, G2 and total isoflavones, outperforming the other algorithms when WL was used as input in dataset.

类黄酮是植物二次新陈代谢产生的化合物,通过食用对人体健康有益。本研究旨在利用高光谱反射率和机器学习(ML)算法,准确预测不同氮含量条件下玉米植株的类黄酮含量。实验采用 4 × 5 因式设计的随机区组进行(四种氮投入量:0;30;60 和 120 %):四种氮投入量:推荐氮投入量的 0%、30%、60% 和 120%;五次读取不同植株阶段玉米叶片的反射光谱:四个重复共 80 个处理。在 V4 和 V8 物候期使用尿素作为氮源。为了进行高光谱分析,每个处理收集四片叶子,并使用光谱辐射计(FieldSpec 4 HRes,Analytical Spectral Devices)进行分析,捕捉 350 至 2500 nm 范围内的光谱。随后,将用于读取反射率的叶片样本烘干、研磨并进行异黄酮定量,采用超高效液相色谱法进行分析,共重复三次,分别定量分析了大地雌酚 1 (D1)、大地雌酚 2 (D2)、染料木素 1 (G1)、染料木素 2 (G2) 和总异黄酮。获得的数据进行了机器学习分析,测试了两个数据集输入配置:波长(WL)和计算光谱带(B),以及作为输出变量的 D1、D2、G1、G2 和总异黄酮。测试的 ML 算法包括人工神经网络 (ANN)、REPTree (DT)、M5P 决策树 (M5P)、ZeroR (R)、随机森林 (RF) 和支持向量机 (SVM),根据相关系数 (r) 和平均绝对误差 (MAE) 评估其性能。结果表明,当数据集输入 WL 时,SVM 算法预测变量 D1、D2、G1、G2 和总异黄酮的准确率最高,优于其他算法。
{"title":"Prediction of secondary metabolites in maize under different nitrogen inputs by hyperspectral sensing and machine learning","authors":"Meessias Antônio da Silva ,&nbsp;Cid Naudi Silva Campos ,&nbsp;Renato de Mello Prado ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rodrigues dos Santos ,&nbsp;Ana Carina da Silva Candido ,&nbsp;Dthenifer Cordeiro Santana ,&nbsp;Izabela Cristina de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ,&nbsp;Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior ,&nbsp;Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ,&nbsp;Paulo Eduardo Teodoro","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flavonoids are compounds resulting from secondary plant metabolism that provide benefits to human health by food. This study aimed to accuracy of predicting flavonoids in maize plants subjected to different nitrogen rates using hyperspectral reflectance and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks in a 4 × 5 factorial design (four N inputs: 0; 30; 60 and 120 % of the recommended N input; and five readings of the reflectance spectra in maize leaves from different vegetative stages: V6, V8, V10, V12 and V14, in four replications, totaling 80 treatments. N rates were applied in the V4 and V8 phenological stages, using urea as the N source. For hyperspectral analysis, four leaves from each treatment were collected and analyzed using a spectroradiometer (FieldSpec 4 HRes, Analytical Spectral Devices), capturing the spectrum in the 350 to 2500 nm range. Subsequently, the leaf samples used in the reflectance readings were dried, ground and subjected to isoflavone quantification, analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography in three repetitions, quantifying daidzein 1 (D1), daidzein 2 (D2), genistein 1 (G1), genistein 2 (G2), and total isoflavones. Data obtained was subjected to machine learning analysis, testing two data set input configurations: wavelengths (WL) and calculated spectral bands (B), and D1, D2, G1, G2 and total isoflavones as output variables. The ML algorithms tested were artificial neural networks (ANN), REPTree (DT), M5P decision tree (M5P), ZeroR (R), Random Forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), evaluated according to their performance by the correlation coefficient (r) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the SVM algorithm had the highest accuracy in predicting the variables D1, D2, G1, G2 and total isoflavones, outperforming the other algorithms when WL was used as input in dataset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water Wheel Plant Dingo Optimizer enabled Deep Convolutional Neural Network for disease detection using hyperspectral leaf image 启用深度卷积神经网络的水轮植物鼎优化器,利用高光谱叶片图像进行病害检测
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105522
S. Swaraj, S. Aparna

Problem

In many countries, agriculture is the main source of people’s livelihood and satisfies their nutritional needs. Early detection of plant diseases through agricultural remote monitoring is important to prevent the disease’s spread. The traditional methods require sampling and can damage the plant, but hyperspectral imaging is non-destructive.

Aim

The major aim of this research is to devise a Water Wheel Plant Dingo Optimizer_Deep Convolutional Neural Network (WWPDO_Deep CNN) for disease detection using a hyperspectral leaf image.

Methods

Initially, the input leaf image is given into the leaf segmentation phase, which is done using the proposed Water Wheel Plant Dingo Optimizer (WWPDO), which is the amalgamation of the Water Wheel Plant Algorithm (WWPA) and Dingo Optimizer (DOX). The selected bands’ outputs are subjected to leaf segmentation and which is carried out by employing Bayesian Fuzzy Clustering (BFC). Thereafter, leaf segmented outputs are fussed using the majority voting method. Fused output and individual leaf segmentation output are given into the feature extraction process to extract features, such as local binary patterns and Weber local descriptors. Finally, leaf disease detection is performed using a deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN) for normal and abnormal cases. The hyperparameters of the Deep CNN are fine-tuned based on the proposed WWPADO.

Results

The proposed WWPDO_Deep CNN achieved an excellent performance with an accuracy of 91.35 %, a True Positive Rate (TPR) of 93.13 % and a True Negative Rate (TNR) of 90.76 %.

Conclusion

The WWPDO_Deep CNN is applicable for early diagnosis under the new classification system and provides a new direction for early diagnosis based on hyperspectral images. Also, the devised model provides an accurate diagnosis of plant diseases. Early and accurate detection allows targeted treatment, reduces the need for widespread pesticide application and promotes more sustainable farming practices.

问题在许多国家,农业是人们生活的主要来源,也是满足人们营养需求的主要手段。通过农业遥感监测及早发现植物病害对于防止病害蔓延非常重要。本研究的主要目的是设计一种利用高光谱叶片图像进行病害检测的水轮植物鼎鼎彩票手机APP安装优化器_深度卷积神经网络(WWPDO_Deep CNN)。方法首先,输入的叶片图像进入叶片分割阶段,该阶段使用所提出的水轮植物丁戈优化器(WWPDO)完成,该优化器是水轮植物算法(WWPA)和丁戈优化器(DOX)的混合体。选定波段的输出将进行叶片分割,并采用贝叶斯模糊聚类(BFC)技术。之后,使用多数投票法对叶片分割输出进行细分。融合后的输出和单个叶片分割输出将进入特征提取流程,以提取局部二进制模式和韦伯局部描述符等特征。最后,使用深度卷积神经网络(Deep CNN)对正常和异常情况进行叶片病害检测。结论 WWPDO_Deep CNN 适用于新分类系统下的早期诊断,为基于高光谱图像的早期诊断提供了新的方向。此外,所设计的模型还能准确诊断植物病害。早期准确的检测可实现有针对性的治疗,减少大面积施用农药的需要,促进更可持续的农业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of different wheat flour types using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning techniques 利用高光谱成像和机器学习技术对不同小麦粉类型进行分类
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105520
Mohammad Hossein Nargesi , Kamran Kheiralipour , Digvir S. Jayas

Different wheat flour types are used to produce various baked products. Due to the whiteness of the four types, hyperspectral imaging can be used due to receiving infrared wavelength. The technique was applied to distinguish confectionery flour and the flours of Samoun, Sangak, and Tafton breads using a line scanning system in the range of 400–950 nm. Effective wavelengths were selected and different image features were extracted from the corresponding image channels. The selected wavelengths were 601.33, 620.34, 696.41, 730.31, 821.26, and 841.11 nm. The extracted features were used in classification step using linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and artificial neural network methods in MATLAB software. The classification accuracy of artificial neural network was higher than the other methods. The efficient features gave higher classification accuracy (98.1 %) than all extracted features (96.9 %). The results showed the high ability of hyperspectral imaging combined with artificial neural network to distinguish different wheat flour types.

不同类型的小麦粉用于生产各种烘焙产品。由于这四种面粉的白度不同,可以使用高光谱成像技术来接收红外线波长。该技术使用线扫描系统,在 400-950 纳米范围内区分糖果面粉和 Samoun、Sangak 和 Tafton 面包的面粉。选择有效波长并从相应的图像通道中提取不同的图像特征。所选波长分别为 601.33、620.34、696.41、730.31、821.26 和 841.11 纳米。在 MATLAB 软件中使用线性判别分析、支持向量机和人工神经网络方法对提取的特征进行分类。人工神经网络的分类准确率高于其他方法。高效特征的分类准确率(98.1%)高于所有提取特征的分类准确率(96.9%)。结果表明,高光谱成像与人工神经网络相结合,具有很强的区分不同小麦粉类型的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Non-destructive estimation for Kyoho grape shelf-life using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithm 利用可见光/近红外高光谱成像和深度学习算法对 Kyoho 葡萄的货架期进行非破坏性评估
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105532
Min Xu , Jun Sun , Jiehong Cheng , Kunshan Yao , Lei Shi , Xin Zhou

Grape shelf-life estimation is a substantial challenge for the grape industry. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of grape shelf-life estimation using HSI technique and a deep learning algorithm. The visible and near-infrared (400.68–1001.61 nm) hyperspectral reflectance images data of grape samples was acquired and preprocessed with different spectral preprocessing methods. Additionally, a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)-based deep learning algorithm was developed to extract deep features from pixel-level hyperspectral data of grapes, and then these features were used as inputs to establish support vector machine (SVM) models for estimating grape shelf-life. Furthermore, SVM, one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models were used as traditional machine learning and end to end models for comparison. The results demonstrated that the SDAE-SVM model achieved reasonable recognition accuracy of 100 % and 98.125 % for the shelf-life of grapes in the training and test sets, respectively. The overall results suggested that SDAE-based deep learning method can be used as a powerful tool to deal with large-scale hyperspectral data as well as this research confirms the feasibility of non-destructive estimation for grapes shelf-life by the combination of HSI technique and deep learning method, which would provide a valuable guidance for shelf-life estimation of other postharvest fruit.

葡萄货架期估算是葡萄产业面临的一项重大挑战。本研究旨在利用高光谱技术和深度学习算法研究葡萄货架期估算的潜力。研究人员获取了葡萄样本的可见光和近红外(400.68-1001.61 nm)高光谱反射率图像数据,并采用不同的光谱预处理方法对其进行了预处理。此外,还开发了基于堆叠去噪自动编码器(SDAE)的深度学习算法,从像素级葡萄高光谱数据中提取深度特征,然后将这些特征作为输入建立支持向量机(SVM)模型,用于估计葡萄的货架期。此外,还将 SVM、一维卷积神经网络(1D CNN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型作为传统机器学习和端到端模型进行了比较。结果表明,SDAE-SVM 模型对训练集和测试集中葡萄保质期的识别准确率分别达到了 100 % 和 98.125 %。总体结果表明,基于 SDAE 的深度学习方法可作为处理大规模高光谱数据的有力工具,该研究也证实了通过结合 HSI 技术和深度学习方法对葡萄货架期进行无损估计的可行性,这将为其他采后水果的货架期估计提供有价值的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Inverse problem for thermal radiation distribution on turbine blade under quartz lamp irradiation 石英灯照射下涡轮叶片热辐射分布的逆问题
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105523
Xian-long Meng, Xin Xu, Ya-song Zhu, Cun-liang Liu

Due to the strong time-varying characteristics and complex geometry of aerospace components, rapid changes in the distribution of radiative heat flux on the test surface are often required during non-uniform aerodynamic heating tests. However, it takes time to adjust the geometric parameters of the lamp array, which cannot meet the requirement for rapidly changing radiative heat flux distribution. To address this issue, a new method for calculating radiant heat flux and a fast linear analysis method of quartz lamp power are proposed which can calculate radiant heat flux distribution of complex surface and meet the need of timeliness and rapidity in radiant heat flux distribution, making it more suitable for engineering applications. Through numerical verification under single lamp and quartz lamp array, the maximum difference between the theoretical analysis method and the Monte Carlo method is less than 2.25% under single lamp, and less than 5% under quartz lamp array. Finally, turbine blade model and plane model are taken as research objects to verify the feasibility and reliability of the fast linear analysis method of quartz lamp power. The results show that the relative average error of the calculated quartz lamp power is 5.86% and 14.83%, respectively, compared with the actual power. This provides a reference and basis for the rapid simulation design of thermal radiation environment during the experiment.

由于航空航天部件具有强烈的时变特性和复杂的几何形状,在非均匀空气动力加热试验中,往往需要快速改变试验表面的辐射热通量分布。然而,调整灯阵列的几何参数需要时间,无法满足快速变化辐射热通量分布的要求。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的辐射热通量计算方法和石英灯功率快速线性分析方法,可以计算复杂表面的辐射热通量分布,满足辐射热通量分布的及时性和快速性要求,更适合工程应用。通过在单灯和石英灯阵列下的数值验证,理论分析方法与蒙特卡罗方法的最大差异在单灯下小于 2.25%,在石英灯阵列下小于 5%。最后,以涡轮叶片模型和平面模型为研究对象,验证了石英灯功率快速线性分析方法的可行性和可靠性。结果表明,计算出的石英灯功率与实际功率相比,相对平均误差分别为 5.86% 和 14.83%。这为实验过程中热辐射环境的快速模拟设计提供了参考和依据。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-broadband achromaticity of metalens with low-relative phase enabled by wide-band fusion 通过宽带融合实现具有低相对相位的金属蛋白的超宽带消色差特性
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105521
Zhiheng Wang , Yechuan Zhu , Shun Zhou , Wenhao Guo , Yong Liu , Chen He , Minyu Bai , Weiguo Liu

Metalenses have a high design degree of freedom in controlling the light field and excellent performance in chromatic aberration elimination. However, in designing ultra-broadband achromatic metalenses, integrating multiple types of unit structures is necessary to compensate for phase differences caused by different incident wavelengths. Here, we propose an ultra-broadband achromatic metalens composed only of a single type of square nano-pillar. which controls the entire operating band by utilizing three wide-band fusions, and have characteristics depending on the phase coverage and relative phase. In the operational range of 2–5 μm, the achromatic metalens demonstrates a maximum focal shift of 2.1 μm. The average focal shift is 0.98 %, the average NA value is 0.35, with an average relative phase of 0.77π. The average transmittance and focus efficiency are 94.17 % and 58.7 %, respectively. This broad-spectrum fusion design strategy simplifies manufacturing complexity while maintaining high focusing efficiency and transmittance levels throughout the entire operational bandwidth. This design approach can improve image resolution and quality by minimizing chromatic aberration.

金属透镜在控制光场方面具有很高的设计自由度,在消除色差方面性能卓越。然而,在设计超宽带消色差金属透镜时,需要集成多种类型的单元结构,以补偿不同入射波长引起的相位差。在此,我们提出了一种仅由单一类型的方形纳米柱组成的超宽带消色差金属透镜,它通过利用三个宽带融合器来控制整个工作波段,并具有取决于相位覆盖和相对相位的特性。在 2-5 μm 的工作范围内,消色差金属膜的最大焦移为 2.1 μm。平均焦距偏移为 0.98%,平均 NA 值为 0.35,平均相对相位为 0.77π。平均透射率和聚焦效率分别为 94.17 % 和 58.7 %。这种宽光谱融合设计策略简化了制造复杂性,同时在整个工作带宽内保持了较高的聚焦效率和透射率水平。这种设计方法可以最大限度地减少色差,从而提高图像分辨率和质量。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of material-dependent radiation – longitudinal optical phonon interaction on thermal electric-dipole radiation from surface metal − semiconductor grating structures 取决于材料的辐射-纵向光学声子相互作用对表面金属-半导体光栅结构的热电偶极子辐射的影响
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105518
Bojin Lin, Hnin Lai Lai Aye, Daiki Yoshikawa, Yoshihiro Ishitani

Infrared thermal radiation emission in the 8.5 – 28 THz frequency region is obtained using surface metal–semiconductor grating structures on undoped (u-) GaAs, u-GaP, u-ZnO, u-GaN, and n-type SiC in a temperature range of 430 – 630 K. These emissions resonate with longitudinal optical (LO) phonon or LO-like lattice vibration energies determined by the zero points of the real parts of the dielectric functions in the surface structures. The emissions of materials with Reststrahlen bandwidths of a few tens of cm−1 show the emissions resonating with their LO phonon modes, while materials with bandwidth of more than 170 cm−1 show peak energies significantly lower than the LO phonon: LO-like phonon resonance. The emission intensity is found to be dominated by the balance of radiative and nonradiative LO or LO-like phonon annihilation rates. The radiative rate is dominated by the LO-phonon–radiation interaction Hamiltonian and the Bose-Einstein factor. High emission intensity is obtained for the structure on u-ZnO with intense LO-like phonon–radiation interaction. The dependence of the emission intensity on temperature and emission window width for various materials shows the effect of material-dependent metal/semiconductor interface conditions on the emission efficiency.

在 430 - 630 K 的温度范围内,利用未掺杂 (u-) GaAs、u-GaP、u-ZnO、u-GaN 和 n 型 SiC 上的表面金属半导体光栅结构,获得了 8.5 - 28 THz 频率区域的红外热辐射发射。这些发射与纵向光学 (LO) 声子或 LO 类晶格振动能量共振,这些能量由表面结构中介电常数实部的零点决定。雷斯特拉伦带宽为几十厘米-1 的材料的发射显示出与其 LO 声子模式共振的发射,而带宽超过 170 厘米-1 的材料则显示出明显低于 LO 声子的峰值能量:类 LO 声子共振。辐射强度受辐射和非辐射 LO 或 LO 类声子湮灭率平衡的影响。辐射率由 LO-声子-辐射相互作用哈密顿和玻色-爱因斯坦因子主导。u-ZnO上的结构具有强烈的LO-类声子辐射相互作用,因此发射强度很高。不同材料的发射强度与温度和发射窗口宽度的关系表明,与材料有关的金属/半导体界面条件对发射效率有影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Infrared Physics & Technology
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