Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116285
Zimu Li , Rui Sun , Tianyu Zheng , Yian Zhou , Zhiyang Jiao , Xuan Xing , Yanhong Wu
Nitrogen-doped biochar loaded with Fe3S4 (N-BC@Fe3S4) was synthesized for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to remove antibiotics of enrofloxacin (ENR). Physical and chemical characteristics of N-BC@Fe3S4 were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), individually. A comprehensive assessment of operating variables on ENR degradation efficiency was conducted, including PDS concentration, catalyst dosage, initial pH, inorganic anions, humic acid (HA) and diverse water matrices. Under the optimal reaction conditions, N-BC@Fe3S4/PDS system exhibited a notably high degradation rate constant for ENR, reaching 0.0538 min−1, which was 1.51 and 22.42 times greater than that in BC@Fe3S4/PDS and BC/PDS systems. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirmed the involvement of SO4•−, •OH, and •O2− in both N-BC@Fe3S4/PDS and BC@Fe3S4/PDS systems, while 1O2 was only appeared in N-BC@Fe3S4/PDS system. These observations demonstrated that radical species were produced via PDS activation by Fe2+ released from Fe3S4, whereas non-radical oxidant of 1O2 originated from PDS activation mediated by nitrogen functional groups on BC. In addition, degradation pathway was proposed combined active sites identified by DFT calculation and intermediates analyzed by LC-MS detection. Results showed that piperazine ring cleavage and quinolone moieties transformation were two dominate pathway for ENR degradation. These results demonstrated that N-BC@Fe3S4 was a high-performance catalyst for antibiotics degradation, with great potential for practical application.
{"title":"Insight into peroxydisulfate activation by N-BC@Fe3S4 for enrofloxacin degradation through radical and non-radical pathway","authors":"Zimu Li , Rui Sun , Tianyu Zheng , Yian Zhou , Zhiyang Jiao , Xuan Xing , Yanhong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-doped biochar loaded with Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to remove antibiotics of enrofloxacin (ENR). Physical and chemical characteristics of N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), individually. A comprehensive assessment of operating variables on ENR degradation efficiency was conducted, including PDS concentration, catalyst dosage, initial pH, inorganic anions, humic acid (HA) and diverse water matrices. Under the optimal reaction conditions, N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/PDS system exhibited a notably high degradation rate constant for ENR, reaching 0.0538 min<sup>−1</sup>, which was 1.51 and 22.42 times greater than that in BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/PDS and BC/PDS systems. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirmed the involvement of SO<sub>4</sub>•<sup>−</sup>, •OH, and •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> in both N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/PDS and BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/PDS systems, while <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> was only appeared in N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/PDS system. These observations demonstrated that radical species were produced via PDS activation by Fe<sup>2+</sup> released from Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>, whereas non-radical oxidant of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> originated from PDS activation mediated by nitrogen functional groups on BC. In addition, degradation pathway was proposed combined active sites identified by DFT calculation and intermediates analyzed by LC-MS detection. Results showed that piperazine ring cleavage and quinolone moieties transformation were two dominate pathway for ENR degradation. These results demonstrated that N-BC@Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> was a high-performance catalyst for antibiotics degradation, with great potential for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116303
Min Ling , Yuan-Sheng Cheng , Xi Cao
The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of overall water splitting. In this work, we designed and prepared a composite material consisting of a Co(OH)2 film deposited on a FeNi alloy sheet, which is further supported by a Ni foam substrate. The resulting catalyst exposes abundant active sites and exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Specifically, for OER, the catalyst requires overpotentials of only 218 mV and 249 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, outperforming commercial RuO2 (276 mV and 362 mV). Similarly, it demonstrates excellent HER activity, requiring overpotentials of just 174 mV and 289 mV to reach current densities of −10 mA cm−2 and -100 mA cm−2. Moreover, in a two-electrode configuration, the 2D/2D Co(OH)2/Fe-Ni/NF nanosheet assembly enables overall water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.63 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2, along with excellent stability exceeding 24 h.
开发高效、低成本、稳定的双功能电催化剂是全面水分解技术广泛应用的关键。在这项工作中，我们设计并制备了一种由沉积在FeNi合金片上的Co(OH)2薄膜组成的复合材料，该复合材料由Ni泡沫衬底进一步支撑。所得催化剂暴露出丰富的活性位点，在碱性介质中对析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）均表现出优异的电催化性能。具体来说，对于OER，催化剂只需要218 mV和249 mV的过电位就可以分别达到10 mA cm - 2和100 mA cm - 2的电流密度，优于商用RuO2 （276 mV和362 mV）。同样，它也表现出优异的HER活性，只需要174 mV和289 mV的过电位就可以达到-10 mA cm - 2和-100 mA cm - 2的电流密度。此外，在双电极配置下，2D/2D Co(OH)2/Fe-Ni/NF纳米片组件可以在1.63 V的低电池电压下实现整体水分解，达到10 mA cm - 2，并具有超过24小时的优异稳定性。
{"title":"Interface engineering of a 2D/2D Co(OH)2/Fe-Ni heterostructure as a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting","authors":"Min Ling , Yuan-Sheng Cheng , Xi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of overall water splitting. In this work, we designed and prepared a composite material consisting of a Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> film deposited on a Fe<img>Ni alloy sheet, which is further supported by a Ni foam substrate. The resulting catalyst exposes abundant active sites and exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Specifically, for OER, the catalyst requires overpotentials of only 218 mV and 249 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, outperforming commercial RuO<sub>2</sub> (276 mV and 362 mV). Similarly, it demonstrates excellent HER activity, requiring overpotentials of just 174 mV and 289 mV to reach current densities of −10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and -100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Moreover, in a two-electrode configuration, the 2D/2D Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/Fe-Ni/NF nanosheet assembly enables overall water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.63 V to achieve 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, along with excellent stability exceeding 24 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116269
Mohammad Khajavian , Jin-Hyeok Jang , Jae-Young Kwon , Jung-Min Lee , Sangyoup Lee , Moon-Hyun Hwang , Euntae Yang , Jae Kyung Jang , Kyu-Jung Chae
Machine learning (ML) provides powerful predictive capabilities for environmental remediation, enabling the diagnosis of contamination sources and optimization of treatment processes for pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. However, the black-box nature of many ML models limits their mechanistic interpretability, hindering application in process design. This review systematically synthesizes and critically evaluates the use of Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to address this gap in adsorption-based water treatment. Whereas previous reviews have established the broad utility of ML, a dedicated assessment of SHAP's methodological aspects and its role in deriving mechanistic insight is lacking. The consolidated evidence from diverse studies shows that SHAP analysis reliably identifies key predictors of adsorption behavior, including parameters such as surface area and pH that determine contaminant–adsorbent interactions. A critical review of studies addressing controversies and divergent perspectives in SHAP-based interpretability revealed that, although SHAP is widely employed to extract mechanistic insights, its application frequently overlooks important methodological limitations. The review concludes by outlining future research directions for leveraging SHAP to advance fundamental understanding and optimize remediation strategies.
{"title":"Harnessing interpretable machine learning: SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP)-driven insights, transformative impact, and controversies in adsorption-based environmental remediation","authors":"Mohammad Khajavian , Jin-Hyeok Jang , Jae-Young Kwon , Jung-Min Lee , Sangyoup Lee , Moon-Hyun Hwang , Euntae Yang , Jae Kyung Jang , Kyu-Jung Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) provides powerful predictive capabilities for environmental remediation, enabling the diagnosis of contamination sources and optimization of treatment processes for pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. However, the black-box nature of many ML models limits their mechanistic interpretability, hindering application in process design. This review systematically synthesizes and critically evaluates the use of Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to address this gap in adsorption-based water treatment. Whereas previous reviews have established the broad utility of ML, a dedicated assessment of SHAP's methodological aspects and its role in deriving mechanistic insight is lacking. The consolidated evidence from diverse studies shows that SHAP analysis reliably identifies key predictors of adsorption behavior, including parameters such as surface area and pH that determine contaminant–adsorbent interactions. A critical review of studies addressing controversies and divergent perspectives in SHAP-based interpretability revealed that, although SHAP is widely employed to extract mechanistic insights, its application frequently overlooks important methodological limitations. The review concludes by outlining future research directions for leveraging SHAP to advance fundamental understanding and optimize remediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116302
Zhongduo Xiong , Xiaochuan Zhou , Hang Zhao , Shuaiqi Zhao , Xiuying Liu , Xiaoxia Li , Aihua Xu , Xinchao Ruan
The heterogeneous activation of permanganate (KMnO4) with redox or non-redox metal oxides to degrade toxic pollutants in aqueous solution has garnered increased attention recently. However, how Lewis acid (LA) site in metal oxides interacts with KMnO4 to enhance its reactivity remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism of KMnO4 activation with LA catalysts, the degradation of levofloxacin (LEVO) by KMnO4 with titanium dioxide (TiO2), a water-resistant solid acid catalyst, was investigated in this study. An improved degradation efficiency, a low activation energy of 25.2 kJ/Mol, and a high KMnO4 utilization of 61.6% were observed with KMnO4/TiO2 system, compared with KMnO4 alone. The presence of strong Lewis acidity on TiO2 surface was confirmed by various technologies, and the density functional theory calculation and electrochemical experiments further revealed that the coordinatively unsaturated Ti4+ species interacted with KMnO4 as LA sites to stretch its MnO bonds and increase its oxidation potential, thereby achieving a high electron transfer reactivity. The system also showed a high adaptability under various conditions including recycling experiments, treatment of several pollutants and various solution pH, and a decreased toxicity of the products. These findings provided an improved understanding of LA sites in KMnO4 activation and its application to degrade pollutants
{"title":"Promoted permanganate activation by nano TiO2 as Lewis acid catalysts for efficient degradation of levofloxacin","authors":"Zhongduo Xiong , Xiaochuan Zhou , Hang Zhao , Shuaiqi Zhao , Xiuying Liu , Xiaoxia Li , Aihua Xu , Xinchao Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneous activation of permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) with redox or non-redox metal oxides to degrade toxic pollutants in aqueous solution has garnered increased attention recently. However, how Lewis acid (LA) site in metal oxides interacts with KMnO<sub>4</sub> to enhance its reactivity remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism of KMnO<sub>4</sub> activation with LA catalysts, the degradation of levofloxacin (LEVO) by KMnO<sub>4</sub> with titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), a water-resistant solid acid catalyst, was investigated in this study. An improved degradation efficiency, a low activation energy of 25.2 kJ/Mol, and a high KMnO<sub>4</sub> utilization of 61.6% were observed with KMnO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> system, compared with KMnO<sub>4</sub> alone. The presence of strong Lewis acidity on TiO<sub>2</sub> surface was confirmed by various technologies, and the density functional theory calculation and electrochemical experiments further revealed that the coordinatively unsaturated Ti<sup>4+</sup> species interacted with KMnO<sub>4</sub> as LA sites to stretch its Mn<img>O bonds and increase its oxidation potential, thereby achieving a high electron transfer reactivity. The system also showed a high adaptability under various conditions including recycling experiments, treatment of several pollutants and various solution pH, and a decreased toxicity of the products. These findings provided an improved understanding of LA sites in KMnO<sub>4</sub> activation and its application to degrade pollutants</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetraazamacrocyclic pyridinophanes can function as chemically robust polydentate ligands in metal coordination chemistry, proffering a malleable coordination sphere that exerts a considerable influence on catalytic organic transformations. In this work, we report N,N-di-tert-butyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)-pyridinophane (LN4tBu2) ligand coordinated iron(II) and copper(II) complexes as efficient catalysts to effectuate the selective oxidation of alcohols using an oxidant sodium metaperiodate. The iron(II) complex shows better catalytic activity compared to copper(II) complex and proceeds via the formation of reactive iron(IV)-oxo species which is indirectly isolated as an oxo-bridged binuclear complex with FeCl2 and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Our protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility under mild conditions with expeditious reaction times. Mechanistic investigations reveal that alcohol oxidation is a two-electron process, culminating in hydride transfer followed by proton transfer, facilitated by the iron(IV)-oxo species.
{"title":"Catalytic activity of diazapyridinophane ligand-coordinated iron(II) and copper(II) complexes towards the selective oxidation of alcohols using sodium metaperiodate","authors":"Agnishwar Mangal , Gayetri Sarkar , Nayana Mukherjee , Souvik Chatterjee , Suraj Kumar Agrawalla , Chandra Shekhar Purohit , Bhaskar Biswas , Hari Sankar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetraazamacrocyclic pyridinophanes can function as chemically robust polydentate ligands in metal coordination chemistry, proffering a malleable coordination sphere that exerts a considerable influence on catalytic organic transformations. In this work, we report <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-di-tert-butyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)-pyridinophane (LN<sub>4</sub><sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>) ligand coordinated iron(II) and copper(II) complexes as efficient catalysts to effectuate the selective oxidation of alcohols using an oxidant sodium metaperiodate. The iron(II) complex shows better catalytic activity compared to copper(II) complex and proceeds via the formation of reactive iron(IV)-oxo species which is indirectly isolated as an oxo-bridged binuclear complex with FeCl<sub>2</sub> and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Our protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility under mild conditions with expeditious reaction times. Mechanistic investigations reveal that alcohol oxidation is a two-electron process, culminating in hydride transfer followed by proton transfer, facilitated by the iron(IV)-oxo species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116296
Bindu Dhuva, Jyoti Duhan, Sangeeta Obrai
In this study, a highly selective fluorescent probe was developed to detect curcumin, demonstrating high recovery percentages in real samples. Hydrothermal provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for synthesizing holmium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Ho,N-CQDs). The Ho,N-CQDs have a maximum emission wavelength of 408 nm and an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. Multiple analytical techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared Ho,N-CQDs, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Ho,N-CQDs based fluorescence sensor successfully detects Curcumin in aqueous solution with a linear range of 0–62.4 × 10−8 M and a detection limit of 1.94 × 10−8M (19.4 nM). Specific amino acids, vitamins and other biochemical do not interfere with Curcumin (Cumn) detection, resulting in high selectivity. The Ho,N-CQDs fluorescence switch sensor showed outstanding accuracy and precision in urine and blood samples, with recoveries ranging from 97.07% to 101.1%.
{"title":"Highly florescent Ho,N co-doped carbon quantum dots for sensitive and selective curcumin sensing: Morphology, mechanism, smartphone RGB and biofluid applications","authors":"Bindu Dhuva, Jyoti Duhan, Sangeeta Obrai","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a highly selective fluorescent probe was developed to detect curcumin, demonstrating high recovery percentages in real samples. Hydrothermal provides a straightforward and cost-effective method for synthesizing holmium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Ho,N-CQDs). The Ho,N-CQDs have a maximum emission wavelength of 408 nm and an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. Multiple analytical techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared Ho,N-CQDs, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Ho,N-CQDs based fluorescence sensor successfully detects Curcumin in aqueous solution with a linear range of 0–62.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup> M and a detection limit of 1.94 × 10<sup>−8</sup>M (19.4 nM). Specific amino acids, vitamins and other biochemical do not interfere with Curcumin (Cumn) detection, resulting in high selectivity. The Ho,N-CQDs fluorescence switch sensor showed outstanding accuracy and precision in urine and blood samples, with recoveries ranging from 97.07% to 101.1%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, we synthesized a nanocomposite of hard and soft ferrite using strontium ferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉) and copper doped cobalt zinc ferrite (CCZF), i.e., 1-x(SrFe12O19)-x(Co0.3Zn0.5Cu0.2Fe2O4) where x is 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The pristine samples are synthesized using co-precipitation method, whereas the composites are prepared by solid state reaction technique. The structural parameters are obtained for all the samples using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The formation of a hexagonal structure for SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and a cubic structure for CCZF was observed. It also suggested the presence of both phases in nanocomposites. The crystallite size for the hexagonal phase varied between 24.01 ± 0.5 nm and 40.05 ± 0.5 nm, whereas for the cubic phase it varied between 16.79 ± 0.5 nm and 39.78 ± 0.5 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that hexagonal grains and cubic grains were formed for pristine samples, whereas, for nanocomposites, both the phases were present. The chemical purity in all the samples was confirmed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the presence of two prominent peaks, one is ranging between 503.97 cm−1 and 540.91 cm−1 and ranging between 408.89 cm−1 and 435.89 cm−1. The magnetic parameters are obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) that showed the variation of saturation magnetization () value from 47.748 emu/g to 40.596 emu/g, coercivity () value from 1080.83 Oe to 40.48 Oe and squarness ratio (SQR) from 0.401 to 0.059 with an increase in soft phase concentration in the nanocomposite. High frequency permittivity () and permeability () plots showed the stable behaviour, consistent with the presence of interfacial magnetic interactions between both the phases in nanocomposites. To investigate the microwave absorption characteristics, reflection loss is obtained for all the samples and the minimum reflection loss value is obtained for the composition with 40% CCZF concentration in the nanocomposite, which is −35.74 dB at 14.85 GHz at a thickness of 3 mm. Thus, the optimal composition of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and CCZF may be considered as a potential candidate for microwave absorption applications.
{"title":"Microwave absorption characteristics of hard and soft ferrite (SrFe12O19 and cu-doped coZn ferrite) nanocomposites in Ku band","authors":"Karambir Singh , Manisha Dabla , Ankush Chauhan , Bijoy Kumar Kuanr , Khalid Mujasam Batoo , Pankaj Thakur , Vinod Kumar , Ritesh Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we synthesized a nanocomposite of hard and soft ferrite using strontium ferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉) and copper doped cobalt zinc ferrite (CCZF), i.e., 1-x(SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>)-x(Co<sub>0.3</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Cu<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) where x is 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The pristine samples are synthesized using co-precipitation method, whereas the composites are prepared by solid state reaction technique. The structural parameters are obtained for all the samples using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The formation of a hexagonal structure for SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and a cubic structure for CCZF was observed. It also suggested the presence of both phases in nanocomposites. The crystallite size for the hexagonal phase varied between 24.01 ± 0.5 nm and 40.05 ± 0.5 nm, whereas for the cubic phase it varied between 16.79 ± 0.5 nm and 39.78 ± 0.5 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that hexagonal grains and cubic grains were formed for pristine samples, whereas, for nanocomposites, both the phases were present. The chemical purity in all the samples was confirmed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the presence of two prominent peaks, one is <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> ranging between 503.97 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 540.91 cm<sup>−1</sup> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> ranging between 408.89 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 435.89 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The magnetic parameters are obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) that showed the variation of saturation magnetization (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) value from 47.748 emu/g to 40.596 emu/g, coercivity (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) value from 1080.83 Oe to 40.48 Oe and squarness ratio (SQR) from 0.401 to 0.059 with an increase in soft phase concentration in the nanocomposite. High frequency permittivity (<span><math><mrow><msup><mi>ε</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>) and permeability (<span><math><mrow><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>) plots showed the stable behaviour, consistent with the presence of interfacial magnetic interactions between both the phases in nanocomposites. To investigate the microwave absorption characteristics, reflection loss is obtained for all the samples and the minimum reflection loss value is obtained for the composition with 40% CCZF concentration in the nanocomposite, which is −35.74 dB at 14.85 GHz at a thickness of 3 mm. Thus, the optimal composition of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and CCZF may be considered as a potential candidate for microwave absorption applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116286
Jiang Haotian, Zhang Jie, Li Wei
The decoration of noble-metal remains an effective and general strategy to rejuvenate “old” sensing materials for targeted gases. Herein, gold was loaded onto electrospun SnO2 nanofibers by a simple impregnation route and the resulting hybrids were employed to detect nitric oxide (NO). XRD, TEM, XPS and elemental mapping corroborated that metallic Au clusters were successfully anchored on the fiber surface. Owing to the spill-over effect, these clusters supply additional active sites and chemisorbed oxygen. Gas-sensing measurements revealed that, even at a relatively low operating temperature, the Au-decorated SnO2 nanofibers delivered a striking response of 37.3 toward 200 ppb NO, whereas negligible cross-responses were observed to typical interferents in exhaled breath. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and long-term stability. These results demonstrate the remarkable potential of Au surface functionalization for boosting the NO-sensing performance of SnO2 nanofibers.
{"title":"Nitric oxide gas sensor based on electrospun tin oxide nanofibers surface-decorated by gold nanoparticles","authors":"Jiang Haotian, Zhang Jie, Li Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decoration of noble-metal remains an effective and general strategy to rejuvenate “old” sensing materials for targeted gases. Herein, gold was loaded onto electrospun SnO<sub>2</sub> nanofibers by a simple impregnation route and the resulting hybrids were employed to detect nitric oxide (NO). XRD, TEM, XPS and elemental mapping corroborated that metallic Au clusters were successfully anchored on the fiber surface. Owing to the spill-over effect, these clusters supply additional active sites and chemisorbed oxygen. Gas-sensing measurements revealed that, even at a relatively low operating temperature, the Au-decorated SnO<sub>2</sub> nanofibers delivered a striking response of 37.3 toward 200 ppb NO, whereas negligible cross-responses were observed to typical interferents in exhaled breath. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and long-term stability. These results demonstrate the remarkable potential of Au surface functionalization for boosting the NO-sensing performance of SnO<sub>2</sub> nanofibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116226
Jafar Shadmehr, Ali Asghar. Ghoreyshi, Mohsen Ghorbani
A comprehensive parametric investigation to pinpoint the key factors affecting the electrochemical synthesis of MOFs is lacking in the literature. Two particular MOFs, ZIF-8 and MIL-53 (Al), were synthetized through a distinctive electrochemical method. Unlike the ZIF-8, the electrochemical method for synthesizing MIL-53(Al) encounters a significant obstacle. In this case, the issue was tackled using a self-synthesized ionic liquid (1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) as the electrolyte, resulting in the creation of a MIL-53(Al) structure similar to the one obtained through solvothermal synthesis. A comprehensive parametric analysis was performed, taking into account the influence of different factors such as solvent composition, reaction time, cell voltage, electrode surface area/cell volume ratio, and cell temperature on both cell efficiency and CO2 adsorption capability. Different techniques were used for characterizing both samples to determine their physicochemical properties including X-ray diffraction, BET analysis, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. The parametric analysis demonstrated that the key synthesis parameters influencing CO2 adsorption capacity were cell voltage, cell temperature, and the electrode surface area/cell volume ratio. The findings also showed that the highest CO2 absorption of 6.07 mmol/g was obtained from the ZIF-8 produced under the optimized conditions, while the maximum quantity of CO2 captured by the optimized MIL-53(Al) sample was 3.89 mmol/g in the identical electrochemical cell. Besides, ZIF-8 demonstrated significant advantages compared to MIL-53 (Al) in CO2 absorption owing to its highly microporous architecture and crystallinity. The results of the present research gives an insight into optimizing electrochemical synthesis conditions of MOFs as a reliable and facile technique.
{"title":"A parametric study for optimal electrochemical synthesis of ZIF-8 and MIL-53(Al) for CO2 capture: a comparative analysis","authors":"Jafar Shadmehr, Ali Asghar. Ghoreyshi, Mohsen Ghorbani","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive parametric investigation to pinpoint the key factors affecting the electrochemical synthesis of MOFs is lacking in the literature. Two particular MOFs, ZIF-8 and MIL-53 (Al), were synthetized through a distinctive electrochemical method. Unlike the ZIF-8, the electrochemical method for synthesizing MIL-53(Al) encounters a significant obstacle. In this case, the issue was tackled using a self-synthesized ionic liquid (1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) as the electrolyte, resulting in the creation of a MIL-53(Al) structure similar to the one obtained through solvothermal synthesis. A comprehensive parametric analysis was performed, taking into account the influence of different factors such as solvent composition, reaction time, cell voltage, electrode surface area/cell volume ratio, and cell temperature on both cell efficiency and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capability. Different techniques were used for characterizing both samples to determine their physicochemical properties including X-ray diffraction, BET analysis, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. The parametric analysis demonstrated that the key synthesis parameters influencing CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity were cell voltage, cell temperature, and the electrode surface area/cell volume ratio. The findings also showed that the highest CO<sub>2</sub> absorption of 6.07 mmol/g was obtained from the ZIF-8 produced under the optimized conditions, while the maximum quantity of CO<sub>2</sub> captured by the optimized MIL-53(Al) sample was 3.89 mmol/g in the identical electrochemical cell. Besides, ZIF-8 demonstrated significant advantages compared to MIL-53 (Al) in CO<sub>2</sub> absorption owing to its highly microporous architecture and crystallinity. The results of the present research gives an insight into optimizing electrochemical synthesis conditions of MOFs as a reliable and facile technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research work deals with the fabrication of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanomaterials by sol gel citrate method and fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) by Hammers method using waste dry electric batteries. The nanocomposite of Bi2O3 and graphene oxide was prepared cost-effective heat and beat method (Ball Grinding method) followed by ultrasonication and calcination. The prepared materials Bi2O3, r-GO and r-GO Bi2O3 were Characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to investigate the structural parameters. The average crystallite size was calculated from Debye Scherrer formula, the estimated size for Bi2O3, r-GO and r-GO Bi2O3 was 18.20 nm, 14.30 nm and 21.56 nm respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for morphological parameters of the prepared materials like surface, texture, porosity and dimensions of nanomaterials. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique was utilized to investigate the elemental composition. The lattice parameters and polycrystallinity was confirmed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. While the band gap of the fabricated materials was confirmed from ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Additionally, the materials were further characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for optical properties such as band gap investigations. The surface area of both the catalyst was investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm. The fabricated materials Bi2O3 and r-GO Bi2O3 nanocomposite were investigated for the photocatalytic dye degradation study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye and phytotoxicity study. The various parameters of the dye degradation such as catalyst dose, effect of pH, effect of dye concentration, radical scavenging study, contact time and comparative study was investigated for RB dye. The r-GO- Bi2O3 nanocomposite has a superior rate of dye degradation, and it degrades the 98.23% of RB dye in 70 min.
{"title":"Reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) anchored bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanocomposite material: Fabrication, characterization, photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RB) dye and phytotoxicity study","authors":"Rajesh Chandu Waghmare , Raju Shivaji Ingale , Pratibha Gopalrao Raundal , Purvesh Vijay Sonawane , Anjali Deepak More , Prashant Bhimrao Koli","doi":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research work deals with the fabrication of bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanomaterials by sol gel citrate method and fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) by Hammers method using waste dry electric batteries. The nanocomposite of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and graphene oxide was prepared cost-effective heat and beat method (Ball Grinding method) followed by ultrasonication and calcination. The prepared materials Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> r-GO and r-GO Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were Characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to investigate the structural parameters. The average crystallite size was calculated from Debye Scherrer formula, the estimated size for Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> r-GO and r-GO Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was 18.20 nm, 14.30 nm and 21.56 nm respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for morphological parameters of the prepared materials like surface, texture, porosity and dimensions of nanomaterials. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique was utilized to investigate the elemental composition. The lattice parameters and polycrystallinity was confirmed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. While the band gap of the fabricated materials was confirmed from ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Additionally, the materials were further characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for optical properties such as band gap investigations. The surface area of both the catalyst was investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm. The fabricated materials Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and r-GO Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite were investigated for the photocatalytic dye degradation study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye and phytotoxicity study. The various parameters of the dye degradation such as catalyst dose, effect of pH, effect of dye concentration, radical scavenging study, contact time and comparative study was investigated for RB dye. The r-GO- Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite has a superior rate of dye degradation, and it degrades the 98.23% of RB dye in 70 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13609,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 116283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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