International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献_第3页

Coexistence of diverse metabolic pathways promotes p-cresol biodegradation by Bacillus subtilis ZW 多种代谢途径并存促进枯草芽孢杆菌 ZW 对甲酚的生物降解

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105933

Xueting Wang , Shihao Liu , Xiaoke Ding , Lele Zhang , Xueru Lv , Jie Li , Caihong Song , Chen Zhang , Shenghui Wang

The aromatic compound p-cresol is a notorious industrial pollutant characterized by its high toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation within higher organisms. A thorough understanding of the microbial metabolic pathways involved in p-cresol degradation is critical for the design and optimization of microbial wastewater treatment systems. Despite numerous studies on the degradation pathways of p-cresol by various microbial species, the metabolic diversity within a single strain remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the metabolic mechanism of p-cresol in Bacillus subtilis ZW, a bacterium capable of degrading p-cresol. Through LC-MS analysis, we identified twelve distinct metabolic intermediates in the culture of strain ZW, leading to the proposal of three plausible degradation pathways. These include methyl hydroxylation, direct aromatic ring hydroxylation, and phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group, and all of which may concurrently contribute to p-cresol biodegradation by strain ZW. Further study showed that the genome of strain ZW harbored 47 coding genes associated with the degradation of p-cresol and its structural analogs, underscoring the metabolic versatility of this strain and its potential for xenobiotic biodegradation. These findings contribute valuable insights into the biodegradation mechanisms of pollutants. Under optimal degradation conditions of 35 °C and pH 7.0, strain ZW demonstrated the capacity to metabolize 27.5 % of p-cresol (10 mg/L) in minimal salt media within a week, and was capable of completely degrading 10 mg/L p-cresol in wastewater within five days. The potential utility of strain ZW in the bioremediation of p-cresol and other aromatic compounds is thus evident.

芳香族化合物对甲酚是一种臭名昭著的工业污染物，其特点是毒性高、持久性强，并在高等生物体内具有生物蓄积性。全面了解对甲酚降解的微生物代谢途径对于设计和优化微生物废水处理系统至关重要。尽管对各种微生物降解对甲酚的途径进行了大量研究，但在很大程度上，单一菌株内部的代谢多样性仍未得到探索。本研究调查了能够降解对甲酚的枯草芽孢杆菌 ZW 的代谢机制。通过 LC-MS 分析，我们在菌株 ZW 的培养液中发现了 12 种不同的代谢中间产物，并由此提出了三种可能的降解途径。这些途径包括甲基羟基化、芳香环直接羟基化和羟基磷酸化，所有这些途径都可能同时促进菌株 ZW 对甲酚的生物降解。进一步的研究表明，菌株 ZW 的基因组中含有 47 个与对甲酚及其结构类似物降解相关的编码基因，这突显了该菌株代谢的多功能性及其对异种生物降解的潜力。这些发现有助于深入了解污染物的生物降解机制。在 35 °C、pH 值为 7.0 的最佳降解条件下，菌株 ZW 能够在一周内在极少盐分的培养基中代谢掉 27.5% 的对甲酚（10 mg/L），并能在五天内完全降解废水中的 10 mg/L 对甲酚。因此，菌株 ZW 在对甲酚和其他芳香族化合物进行生物修复方面的潜在用途显而易见。

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引用次数: 0

Shore-to-water spatial variations of complete ammonia oxidizers in a lake in Wuhan, China 中国武汉一个湖泊中完全氨氧化剂从岸到水的空间变化

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105931

Jianzhao Li , Yangfan Xu , Longfei Li , Naidong Xiao , Mengjie Qu , Xiaoqiong Wan , Yumei Hua , Jianwei Zhao

Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox bacteria) can convert ammonia into nitric acid through single-step nitrification. This study explored the spatial variations of comammox bacteria in the lakeshore area of the Houguan Lake in Wuhan, China. The abundance of the two comammox bacteria clades and two traditional ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), generally showed a gradually decreasing trend from the shore to the water. Moreover, a similar decreasing trend was observed for the respective and total nitrification rate of three types of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. The average nitrification rate of AOA, AOB and comammox bacteria was 0.568, 0.718, and 0.935 mg N kg⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. Besides, comammox bacteria exhibited a high biological diversity, with clade A and clade B and three subclades of clade A all present. Among different clades, clade B played a dominant role in the ammonia oxidation process. Both the abundance and nitrification rate of comammox bacteria were significantly positively correlated with total carbon and total nitrogen, indicating that these two nutrient substances are important factors influencing this microorganism. Our results demonstrate that the spatial variations of environmental elements in the lakeshore area lead to gradual decreases of comammox bacteria from the shore to the water.

完全氨氧化细菌（comammox bacteria）可通过单步硝化作用将氨转化为硝酸。本研究探讨了中国武汉后官湖湖岸地区氨氧化细菌的空间变化。研究结果表明，两种复合氧化细菌支系以及两种传统的氨氧化微生物--氨氧化古细菌（AOA）和氨氧化细菌（AOB）的丰度总体上呈现出从湖岸向水体逐渐降低的趋势。此外，三种氨氧化微生物的各自硝化率和总硝化率也呈类似的下降趋势。AOA 菌、AOB 菌和兼氧菌的平均硝化速率分别为 0.568、0.718 和 0.935 毫克 N kg-1 d-1。此外，复合氧化细菌表现出较高的生物多样性，A 支系、B 支系和 A 支系的三个亚支系均存在。在不同支系中，支系 B 在氨氧化过程中起主导作用。复合氧化细菌的丰度和硝化率均与总碳和总氮呈显著正相关，表明这两种营养物质是影响该微生物的重要因素。我们的研究结果表明，湖岸地区环境要素的空间变化导致彗星菌从湖岸向水中逐渐减少。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic evaluation of alkaliphilic microbial consortia from a soda lake for the biodegradation of cyanide-rich wastewater 系统评估苏打湖中嗜碱性微生物联合体对富氰废水的生物降解作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105937

Getnet Belay , Carolina Suarez , Addis Simachew , Catherine J. Paul

Alkaliphilic microorganisms are one option for the treatment of cyanide-polluted wastewater. This study reports the degradation of cyanide from simulated gold mine wastewater using alkaliphilic microbial consortia harvested from a soda lake, Lake Chitu, Ethiopia. A novel aerobic-anoxic integrated treatment setup was established for the treatment process. Colorimetry was used to measure residual cyanide concentration, and 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing was used to study microbial diversity. This treatment system was able to degrade 97.49 ± 0.12% of 200 mg/L sodium cyanide. However, changes were observed (p < 0.05) when the established consortia were stressed with heavy metals. About 28 % of the initial inoculum persisted until the end of the treatment days. Twenty-eight bacterial phyla were identified, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota being the most abundant. At the end of the treatment process, Alkalibacterium (74.43%), Exaguobacterium (6.6%), and Halomonas (3.89%) were dominant. These findings indicate that alkaliphilic microbial consortiums from Ethiopian Rift Valley soda lakes are effective for the treatment of cyanide-polluted wastewater.

嗜碱性微生物是处理氰化物污染废水的一种选择。本研究报告利用从埃塞俄比亚 Chitu 湖苏打湖中采集的嗜碱性微生物群降解模拟金矿废水中的氰化物。在处理过程中，建立了一个新颖的好氧缺氧综合处理装置。使用比色法测量残留氰化物的浓度，并使用 16S rRNA 扩增子基因测序法研究微生物的多样性。该处理系统能够降解 97.49 ± 0.12% 的 200 mg/L 氰化钠。然而，当已建立的联合菌群受到重金属胁迫时，观察到了变化（p < 0.05）。大约 28% 的初始接种物持续到处理天数结束。共鉴定出 28 个细菌门，其中最多的是真菌门、变形菌门和类杆菌门。在处理过程结束时，碱性杆菌（74.43%）、埃克古杆菌（6.6%）和卤单胞菌（3.89%）占主导地位。这些研究结果表明，埃塞俄比亚裂谷苏打湖中的嗜碱性微生物群对处理氰化物污染的废水非常有效。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced degradation of crude oil by immobilized bacterial consortium through eliminating microbial flocculation towards crude oil 通过消除微生物对原油的絮凝作用，提高固定化细菌群对原油的降解能力

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105935

Zheng-Fei Yan , Qing-Song Huang , Jing Yang , Xue-Yi Qiao , Bo Xu , Wei Xia , Ling-Qia Su

Microbial degradation is considered an effective and sustainable technique for the remediation of oily sludge; thus, the acquisition of crude oil-degrading bacteria is crucial for effective bioremediation. This study introduces a novel domestication-enrichment-isolation (DEI) strategy to isolate crude oil-degrading bacteria from oily sludge. Two strains, Rhodococcus rhodochrous JS-24 (R.rh) and Gordonia cholesterolivorans JS-13 (G.ch), demonstrated the highest degradation rates of 53.7% and 34.6%, respectively, within 7 days. While no synergistic effect was observed with their combined use in free bacterial consortia, and the overall degradation rate decreased to 51.9 %, which was weaker than that of R. rh treatment alone. The decrease in degradation rate is attributed to microbial flocculation towards crude oil: most droplets of crude oil were encapsulated into spherical aggregations by G. ch, thereby hindering the contact and degradation of droplets by R. rh. In contrast, immobilization technology significantly enhanced crude oil degradation by eliminating this flocculation effect. The immobilized bacterial consortium achieved a 95.5% degradation rate, representing the highest degradation rate reported for bacterial consortia. This study reveals for the first time that the side effects of bioflocculation on crude oil degradation and provides guidance for the construction of bacterial consortium.

微生物降解被认为是一种有效且可持续的油性污泥修复技术；因此，获得原油降解细菌对于有效的生物修复至关重要。本研究介绍了一种新型的驯化-富集-分离（DEI）策略，用于从含油污泥中分离原油降解细菌。两株菌株，即 Rhodococcus rhodochrous JS-24 (R.rh) 和 Gordonia cholesterolivorans JS-13 (G.ch)，在 7 天内分别表现出 53.7% 和 34.6% 的最高降解率。但在游离细菌群中联合使用这两种细菌时，没有观察到协同效应，总体降解率降至 51.9%，比单独使用 R. rh 的降解率低。降解率下降的原因是微生物对原油的絮凝作用：大多数原油液滴被 G. ch 包裹成球形聚集体，从而阻碍了 R. rh 与液滴的接触和降解。相比之下，固定化技术消除了这种絮凝效应，从而大大提高了原油降解效果。固定化细菌联合体的降解率达到了 95.5%，是目前报道的细菌联合体中降解率最高的。这项研究首次揭示了生物絮凝对原油降解的副作用，为构建细菌联合体提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradation mechanism of asphalt by microbial consortia in asphalt pavement of forest area road 林区道路沥青路面微生物群对沥青的生物降解机理

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105930

Qiangqiang Xia, Lisha Shi, Ding Ma, Tao Xu

To study the degradation behaviors of asphalt by microorganisms and reveal biodegradation mechanism of asphalt, 16S rRNA full-length sequencing was utilized to analyze the collected samples from three forest areas. Five strains, namely Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis, were selected for compounding microbial consortium to study its degradation effects on asphalt. The micromorphology, elemental chemical states, micromechanical properties, molecular weight distribution, and functional groups of degraded asphalt were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the biodegradation of asphalt by microbial consortium increases the surface roughness of asphalt and reduces surface adhesion. Asphalt is used as the sole carbon source by microbial consortium, resulting in a continuous decrease in the contents of C and N elements, while the content of O element is continuously increased. Simultaneously, under the action of microbial enzymes, C-C/C-H bonds which are combined with molecular oxygen in asphalt are continuously broken and converted to C-O-C/C-O-H bonds. The continuous reductions in methylene index and butadiene index of asphalt, as well as the production of carbonyl functional groups confirm the oxidative degradation of asphalt by microbial consortium. Additionally, with the extension of degradation time, the large molecular substances in asphalt are gradually degraded by microbial consortium, leading to a more concentrated molecular weight distribution. This study is of great importance to understand biodegradation mechanism of asphalt.

为了研究微生物对沥青的降解行为，揭示沥青的生物降解机理，研究人员利用16S rRNA全长测序技术对从三个林区采集的样品进行了分析。选取多芳香单胞菌、腐生假单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌五株菌株组成复合微生物群，研究其对沥青的降解作用。利用环境扫描电子显微镜、X 射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜、凝胶渗透色谱法和傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究了降解沥青的微观形态、元素化学态、微观力学性质、分子量分布和官能团。结果表明，微生物群对沥青的生物降解增加了沥青的表面粗糙度，降低了表面附着力。微生物群以沥青为唯一碳源，导致 C、N 元素含量持续下降，而 O 元素含量持续上升。同时，在微生物酶的作用下，沥青中与分子氧结合的 C-C/C-H 键不断断裂并转化为 C-O-C/C-O-H 键。沥青的亚甲基指数和丁二烯指数的持续降低以及羰基官能团的产生证实了微生物群对沥青的氧化降解作用。此外，随着降解时间的延长，沥青中的大分子物质逐渐被微生物群降解，导致分子量分布更加集中。这项研究对了解沥青的生物降解机理具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic remediation of electroplating wastewater contaminated soil and reduction of risk of groundwater contamination by biochar and Pseudomonas hibiscicola strain L1 生物炭和木槿假单胞菌菌株 L1 协同修复电镀废水污染土壤并降低地下水污染风险

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105926

Binbin Ran , Qiang An , Shuman Deng , Jiali Song , Zhiruo Huang , Bin Zhao

With the continuous development of electroplating industry, a large amount of electroplating wastewater is generated, which can be harmful to soil and basement. Introducing microorganisms into polluted soil can improve the soil environment, but it has the disadvantages of easy loss and low activity. In this study, the synergistic effect of biochar and strain L1 (BL1) was utilized to effectively reduce the risk of groundwater contamination by Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), and Zn(II), which are common heavy metals in electroplating wastewater. And the mechanism was found as BL1 was found to increase the porosity and water retention of the soil by specific surface area determination (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), favored the growth of soil microorganisms. It was found that BL1 could improve soil pH, enzyme activity, total organic carbon and other indicators by measuring soil physical and chemical properties. The results of microbial community analysis showed that BL1 increased the diversity of soil community and enriched microorganisms with nitrification and denitrification functions, thus promoting the removal of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃-N. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffraction results showed that -OH, -CH, C=O, Si-O-Si, CO₃²⁻ and PO₄³⁻ of BL1 complexed with heavy metals to form precipitates. Thus, the conversion of heavy metals to the stable state was promoted. These results show that the addition of BL1 can effectively improve the soil environment and promote the self-recovery of soil function.

随着电镀工业的不断发展，产生了大量的电镀废水，这些废水会对土壤和地下室造成危害。在污染土壤中引入微生物可以改善土壤环境，但存在易流失、活性低等缺点。本研究利用生物炭和菌株 L1（BL1）的协同效应，有效降低了电镀废水中常见重金属 Ni(II)、Cu(II)、Cr(VI)和 Zn(II) 污染地下水的风险。通过比表面积测定（BET）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）发现，BL1 能增加土壤的孔隙度和保水性，有利于土壤微生物的生长。通过测定土壤理化性质发现，BL1 可以改善土壤 pH 值、酶活性、总有机碳等指标。微生物群落分析结果表明，BL1 增加了土壤群落的多样性，丰富了具有硝化和反硝化功能的微生物，从而促进了 NH4+-N 和 NO3-N 的去除。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）结果表明，BL1 的 -OH、-CH、C=O、Si-O-Si、CO32- 和 PO43-与重金属络合形成沉淀。因此，促进了重金属向稳定状态的转化。这些结果表明，添加 BL1 可以有效改善土壤环境，促进土壤功能的自我恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Monoterpenes profile and high temperature as a potential factors in the infestation of wooden structures by Hylotrupes bajulus L 单萜烯类化合物和高温是 Hylotrupes bajulus L 侵害木质结构的潜在因素

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105928

Adam Krajewski, Andrzej Antczak, Dominika Szadkowska, Piotr Witomski

Hylotrupes bajulus L. is a dangerous destroyer of wooden structures. Monoterpenes (mainly α-pinene and 3-carene) attract of this beetle females to lay eggs on wood. The phenomenon of sporadic occurrence of old house borer larvae in old wooden structures and its reappearance in these structures after the previous use of hot air to old house borer combating has been known for many decades. The causes of these phenomena were not explained. In this work, it was hypothesized that the cause of these phenomena was poor attraction of this wood for females due to the reduced amount of monoterpenes in such wood. An experiment was carried out on the possibility of developing old house borer larvae in old natural aged wood. Tests were also carried out on the profile of monoterpenes in uninfested old natural aged wood, contemporary wood and contemporary wood after heating at high temperature. The possibility of development of newly hatched H. bajulus larvae in old natural aged wood and a high concentration of monoterpenes (mainly α-pinene and 3-carene) in such wood were found. The sporadic presence of old house borer larvae in very old wooden structures cannot be explained directly by a reduction in the concentration of attracting monoterpenes. The concentration of monoterpenes in contemporary wood after exposure to high temperature was whereas significantly reduced. This may be the reason for sporadic cases of repeated attacks on structures previously exposed to very hot air.

Hylotrupes bajulus L. 是木质结构的危险破坏者。单萜烯（主要是 α-蒎烯和 3-蒈烯）会吸引这种甲虫的雌虫在木材上产卵。旧木结构中零星出现老房蛀虫幼虫，以及以前使用热空气防治老房蛀虫后这些结构中再次出现老房蛀虫幼虫的现象已为人所知几十年。但造成这些现象的原因却没有得到解释。在这项工作中，我们假设造成这些现象的原因是这种木材对雌虫的吸引力差，因为这种木材中的单萜含量减少。我们进行了一项实验，研究老房子螟幼虫在天然老化木材中生长的可能性。此外，还对未受侵染的天然老龄木材、现代木材和高温加热后的现代木材中的单萜烯含量进行了测试。结果发现，新孵化的巴氏蝙蝠幼虫有可能在天然老龄木材中生长，而且这些木材中的单萜烯（主要是 α-蒎烯和 3-蒈烯）浓度较高。在年代久远的木质结构中零星出现老屋蛀虫幼虫，并不能直接解释为吸引幼虫的单萜烯浓度降低了。暴露于高温后，当代木材中单萜烯的浓度明显降低。这可能是以前暴露在高温空气中的木结构反复受到攻击的零星案例的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of plastisphere microbial communities in mangrove sediments and their potential impact on N-cycling 红树林沉积物中质球微生物群落的动态及其对氮循环的潜在影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105929

Ruzhen Liu , Zhichao Wang , Minghuang Ling , Kai Zhang , Wei Xu , Zhijie Xu , Xiaomei Huang , Ying Qiao , Yu Luo , Wenzhou Zhang , Hans-Peter Grossart , Zhuhua Luo

Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental issue in marine ecosystems. The prolonged presence of plastics in mangrove sediments can have a substantial impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles of these vital environments. We conducted in situ burial exposure experiments to assess microbial colonization and activity on biodegradable and refractory plastics in mangrove sediments, with a focus on their influence on nitrogen cycling. Variations in microbial community succession and metabolic processes on plastic surfaces were primarily determined by the type of plastic polymer. After 60 days of exposure, the abundance of denitrifying bacteria and denitrification-related genes (narG, nirS, nosZ, and norB) was higher on biodegradable plastics. After 360 days, however, a high abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrification-related genes (pmoA-amoA, pmoB-amoB, pmoC-amoC, and hao) were found on refractory plastics. Consequently, plastic pollution in mangrove sediments could disrupt the nitrogen cycling equilibrium in these ecosystems, underscoring the critical necessity to regulate and alleviate the detrimental impacts of plastic pollution in crucial coastal areas.

塑料污染已成为海洋生态系统中的一个重大环境问题。塑料在红树林沉积物中的长期存在会对这些重要环境的碳和氮循环产生重大影响。我们进行了原位埋藏暴露实验，以评估红树林沉积物中生物可降解塑料和难降解塑料上的微生物定植和活动，重点研究它们对氮循环的影响。塑料表面微生物群落演替和代谢过程的变化主要取决于塑料聚合物的类型。暴露 60 天后，可生物降解塑料上反硝化细菌和反硝化相关基因（narG、nirS、nosZ 和 norB）的丰度较高。但在 360 天后，难降解塑料上的氨氧化古细菌和硝化相关基因（pmoA-amoA、pmoB-amoB、pmoC-amoC 和 hao）的丰度较高。因此，红树林沉积物中的塑料污染可能会破坏这些生态系统中的氮循环平衡，这就强调了在重要的沿海地区控制和减轻塑料污染的有害影响的极端必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the chemical profiling and insecticidal properties of essential oils from fresh and discarded lemon peels, Citrus limon against pulse beetle 探索新鲜和废弃柠檬皮（Citrus limon）精油的化学成分和杀虫特性对脉冲甲虫的作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105924

Himanshi Gupta , Prithvi Pal Singh , S.G. Eswara Reddy

Essential oil (EO) of Citrus limon fresh (LF) and lemon waste peel (LW) was extracted using the hydro distillation method. A total of 17 chemical constituents (97.02–97.26%) were identified using GC, GC-MS, and NMR techniques. Major monoterpene hydrocarbons including d-limonene (52.42–54.17%), α-terpineol (16.82–21.15%), β-pinene (6.74–9.15%) and γ-terpinene (2.16–3.59%) were further identified using ¹H and ¹³C NMR analysis. Furthermore, extracted EOs, their synergistic combinations and major constituent (d-limonene) were evaluated for fumigant toxicity, repellence, and ovipositional inhibitory (OI) potential using without food and with food conditions against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus. d-limonene was found to be most effective against C. chinensis and C. maculatus followed by LW oil in all the evaluated assays. EO of LW was found more effective against C. chinensis (LC₅₀ = 2899.11 μl L⁻¹) without food after 96 h than lemon fresh. Among synergistic combinations, LW and LF at 3:1 ratio without food reported more effective to C. chinensis (LC₅₀ = 277.85 μl L⁻¹) and C. maculatus (LC₅₀ = 322.38 μl L⁻¹) without food after 96 h. In repellent assay, EO of LW also displayed higher repellent to both species (RC₅₀ = 430.71 to 525.56 and μl L⁻¹). EO of LW showed higher OI (50.14 ± 3.09%) against C. chinensis at higher concentration after 24 h. EOs of LF and LW also inhibited glutathione -S-transferase and acetylcholine esterase activity in C. chinensis and C. maculatus.

采用水蒸馏法提取了柠檬鲜果（LF）和柠檬废皮（LW）的精油（EO）。利用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱和核磁共振技术，共鉴定出 17 种化学成分（97.02%-97.26%）。通过 1H 和 13C NMR 分析，进一步确定了主要的单萜烯碳氢化合物，包括 d-柠檬烯（52.42-54.17%）、α-松油醇（16.82-21.15%）、β-蒎烯（6.74-9.15%）和γ-松油醇（2.16-3.59%）。此外，还对提取的环氧乙烷、其增效组合和主要成分（d-柠檬烯）进行了熏蒸毒性、驱避性和产卵抑制（OI）潜力的评估，在无食物和有食物的条件下对脉冲甲虫（Callosobruchus chinensis 和 Callosobruchus maculatus）进行了评估。与新鲜柠檬相比，在 96 小时后不进食的情况下，LW 的环氧乙烷对 C. chinensis 更有效（LC50 = 2899.11 μl L-1）。在协同作用组合中，鳞茎叶油和鳞茎叶绿素的比例为 3:1（不含食物），在 96 小时后，鳞茎叶油和鳞茎叶绿素在不含食物的情况下对蜚蠊（LC50 = 277.85 μl L-1）和斑潜蝇（LC50 = 322.38 μl L-1）更有效。LF 和 LW 的环氧乙烷还能抑制 C. chinensis 和 C. maculatus 的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。

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引用次数: 0

Methyl red dye decolourization by the photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Afifella marina 光合细菌--Rhodopseudomonas palustris 和 Afifella marina 对甲基红染料的脱色作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105915

Suhailar Sma-Air, Raymond J. Ritchie

Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are common inhabitants of wastewater: we found that Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Afifella marina in eutrophic conditions only partially degraded the azo dye (50 mmol m⁻³), Methyl Red, but completely degraded it under specially defined conditions. The azo dye is potentially a source of both carbon and fixed nitrogen. Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Afifella marina can live heterotrophically, photoheterotrophically or photoautotrophically under anoxic conditions where they can fix N₂ if no organic nitrogen or NH₃ is available. If organic carbon sources are available or if NH₃ is present, the cells again only partially catabolised Methyl Red. In the absence of no alternative organic carbon sources and no NH₃, the cells almost completely spectroscopically decolourised Methyl Red in 4 days. In sewage ponds the ready availability of alternative organic carbon and NH₃ would result in only partial removal of Methyl Red. Rhodopseudomonas cells responded to the availability of Methyl Red in N-free media, by increasing both Optimum irradiance and maximum ETR (E_opt 276.3 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹; ETR_max 391.4 μmol e⁻ g⁻¹ BChl a s⁻¹) compared to control cells incubated in PM media with no organic carbon source and no fixed N-source (E_opt 115.2 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹; ETR_max = 153.0 μmol e⁻ g⁻¹ BChl a s⁻¹. If no alternative C or N sources are available, Rhodopseudomonas embedded in alginate biobeads will completely and repeatedly break down Methyl Red. The marine Afifella readily broke down Methyl Red but again breakdown was only complete if alternative carbon and no fixed nitrogen sources were available. The toxicity of the breakdown products produced by photosynthetic bacteria from azo-dyes needs to be followed up. Photosynthetic bacterial-alginate biobeads have long lifetimes (Rhodopseudomonas ≈ 2 months, Afifella > 6 months) making them of great biotechnological potential.

缺氧光合细菌是废水中的常见生物：我们发现，在富营养化条件下，Rhodopseudomonas palustris 和 Afifella marina 只能部分降解偶氮染料（50 mmol m-3）甲基红，但在特殊条件下可完全降解。偶氮染料可能是碳源和固定氮源。在缺氧条件下，Rhodopseudomonas palustris 和 Afifella marina 可以异养、光异养或光自养，如果没有有机氮或 NH3，它们可以固定 N2。如果有有机碳源或存在 NH3，细胞也只能部分分解甲基红。在没有其他有机碳源和 NH3 的情况下，细胞在 4 天内几乎完全从光谱上使甲基红脱色。在污水池中，替代有机碳和 NH3 的随时可用性只会导致甲基红的部分去除。Rhodopseudomonas 细胞对无氮培养基中甲基红的可用性做出了反应，增加了最佳辐照度和最大 ETR（Eopt 276.3 μmol quanta m-2 s-1; ETRmax 391.4 μmol e- g-1 BChl a s-1）与在没有有机碳源和固定 N 源的 PM 培养基中培养的对照细胞（Eopt 115.2 μmol quanta m-2 s-1；ETRmax = 153.0 μmol e- g-1 BChl a s-1）相比。如果没有可替代的碳或氮源，嵌入海藻酸盐生物磁珠中的罗多假单胞菌将完全并反复分解甲基红。海洋 Afifella 很容易分解甲基红，但同样只有在有替代碳源和无固定氮源的情况下才能完全分解。光合细菌从偶氮染料中产生的分解产物的毒性有待进一步研究。光合细菌-海藻酸盐生物胶束的寿命很长（Rhodopseudomonas ≈ 2 个月，Afifella > 6 个月），因此具有很大的生物技术潜力。

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引用次数: 0