International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献_第2页

Comparative studies on the effectiveness of proteases and enzymes from dietary supplements in the degradation of polylactide (PLA) 蛋白酶和膳食补充剂中的酶在降解聚乳酸（PLA）中的效果比较研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105950

Katarzyna Janczak , Alicja Mazuryk , Daria Lisewska , Natalia Puszczykowska , Kacper Fiedurek

Polylactide (PLA) has become one of the most widely used biodegradable plastics in recent years. The research focuses on solving the problem of its low-rate biodegradability under mesophilic conditions using cost-effective proteases of alternative origin. The aim of the study was to verify whether enzymes contained in food dietary supplements with the suggested high activity of protease enzymes could potentially be used for the degradation of PLA. The studies compare the activity of enzymes from dietary supplements with hydrolytic enzymes with scientifically proven effectiveness in degrading PLA. Products containing nattokinase, bromelain, papain and an enzyme mixture were tested. Their effectiveness against proteinase K, subtilisin and lipase was compared. From this group, proteinase K caused the greatest PLA mass loss and increase in O/C ratio after 28 days of incubation. The results indicated that nattokinase and papain caused a mass loss of PLA films similar to that of proteinase K, as well as a decrease in the carbonyl index value by more than 20%. Additionally, studies have shown that dietary supplements have a beneficial effect on the compost microflora. Causing an approximately 20-fold increase in the number of microorganisms within 48 h. In accordance with the assumptions, enzymatic products and their concentrations were selected that effectively accelerate PLA degradation in mesophilic conditions at a level comparable to or better than proteinase K, but have a much better effect on the substrate microflora, which makes them an interesting object for the development of products for accelerating the degradation of polymeric materials. In order to confirm the possibility of practical use of the results, an analysis of the phytotoxicity of the enzymes was carried out, which confirmed the possibility of using the enzymes in natural conditions.

聚乳酸（PLA）是近年来应用最广泛的生物降解塑料之一。这项研究的重点是利用具有成本效益的替代来源蛋白酶，解决聚乳酸在中温条件下生物降解率低的问题。研究的目的是验证食品膳食补充剂中所含的酶是否具有蛋白酶的高活性，是否有可能用于降解聚乳酸。研究将膳食补充剂中的酶的活性与经科学证明可有效降解聚乳酸的水解酶进行了比较。对含有纳豆激酶、菠萝蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和酶混合物的产品进行了测试。比较了它们对蛋白酶 K、枯草酶和脂肪酶的功效。在这组产品中，蛋白酶 K 在培养 28 天后造成的聚乳酸质量损失和 O/C 比率增加最大。结果表明，纳豆激酶和木瓜蛋白酶造成的聚乳酸薄膜质量损失与蛋白酶 K 相似，羰基指数值下降了 20% 以上。此外，研究还表明，膳食补充剂对堆肥微生物区系有好处。根据上述假设，我们选择了酶制剂产品及其浓度，它们能有效加速聚乳酸在中温条件下的降解，其降解效果与蛋白酶 K 相当或更好，但对底物微生物群的影响要大得多，这使它们成为开发加速高分子材料降解产品的有趣对象。为了证实这些结果的实际应用可能性，对酶的植物毒性进行了分析，证实了在自然条件下使用酶的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Bioremediation approaches for chromium detoxification and transformation: Advanced strategies and future Perspectives 铬解毒和转化的生物修复方法：先进战略与未来展望

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105951

Arukula Deepa , Anthati Mastan , Viswanath Buddolla , Yedluri Anil Kumar , Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi , Young-Joon Kim

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contamination poses a significant environmental and public health risk due to its widespread industrial use, toxic nature, and carcinogenic properties. Conventional Cr(VI) remediation methods, including electrochemical processes, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and adsorption, face challenges such as high energy consumption and incomplete detoxification. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of cutting-edge bioremediation techniques for Cr(VI) removal, with an emphasis on microbial mechanisms involving bacteria and fungi. Bioremediation approaches, particularly those utilizing Cr(VI)-resistant microorganisms, present promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solutions for chromium pollution mitigation. The mechanisms of biosorption, bioaccumulation, and bio-reduction employed by these microorganisms are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the review addresses the scalability and practical application of these biotechnologies in wastewater treatment facilities. This analysis highlights the critical need for innovative, sustainable chromium bioremediation strategies and outlines future research directions to advance this vital field.

六价铬[Cr(VI)]污染因其广泛的工业用途、毒性和致癌特性，对环境和公共健康构成了重大风险。包括电化学过程、离子交换、反渗透和吸附在内的传统六价铬修复方法面临着高能耗和解毒不彻底等挑战。本综述全面评估了去除六价铬的尖端生物修复技术，重点是涉及细菌和真菌的微生物机制。生物修复方法，特别是那些利用抗六价铬微生物的方法，为减轻铬污染提供了前景广阔、生态友好和经济高效的解决方案。综述深入研究了这些微生物的生物吸附、生物累积和生物还原机制。此外，研究还探讨了这些生物技术在废水处理设施中的可扩展性和实际应用。这项分析强调了对创新型、可持续铬生物修复战略的迫切需要，并概述了推进这一重要领域的未来研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Co-fermentation of dark septate endophytes and Trichoderma viride can effectively degrade cellulose in different Chinese medicinal herbal residues 暗色隔内生菌和毛霉共同发酵可有效降解不同中药渣中的纤维素

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105949

Wanyun Li , Menghui Wang , Xuemin Zhang , Yali Xie , Wenjing Chen , Li Yao , Chao He , Xueli He

Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs) are currently a widely overlooked renewable biomass resource, and developing controllable microbial fermentation technology for CMHRs will help achieve the resource utilization of CMHRs. In this study, the activity of various cellulases, reducing sugar content and cellulose degradation rate were combined to evaluate the solid state fermentation (SSF) potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) and Trichoderma viride in separate fermentation and co-fermentation of different CMHRs (single Astragalus mongolicus residue and compound residues of Panax notoginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza). The results showed that the cellulase activity of some DSE strains was higher than that of T. viride. T. viride fermentation alone could increase the content of substrate reducing sugars, while DSE fermentation could reduce the content of substrate reducing sugars. DSE strains such as Macrophomina pseudophaseoline, Paraboeremia selaginellae, Paraphoma chlamydocopiosa and Paraphoma radicina had the potential to co-ferment with T. viride. Optimization of the fermentation process by inoculation of T. viride after 3 d or 6 d of DSE effectively increased the cellulase activity of co-fermented CMHRs. After optimization, the activities of filter paper cellulase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and β-glucosidase in different fermentation combinations reached 2.51–5.61, 2.86–4.72 and 12.85–32.35 U/g, respectively. Further, the co-fermentation of DSE and T. viride effectively degraded cellulose in different CMHRs with a degradation rate of 54.43%–67.38%. Scanning electron microscope confirmed that the co-fermentation of DSE and T. viride could increase the external surface area and porosity of CMHRs, and destroy the structure of CMHRs. The results of this study both provided a basis for the microbial degradation of single and compound CMHR, which is of great significance for solving the treatment of waste such as Chinese herbal residue and further resource utilization.

中药渣是目前被广泛忽视的可再生生物质资源，开发可控的中药渣微生物发酵技术将有助于实现中药渣的资源化利用。本研究结合各种纤维素酶的活性、还原糖含量和纤维素降解率，评估了暗隔内生菌（DSE）和毛霉菌在不同中草药残体（单一黄芪残体、三七和丹参的复合残体）的单独发酵和联合发酵中的固态发酵（SSF）潜力。结果表明，一些 DSE 菌株的纤维素酶活性高于毒死蜱。单纯的病毒发酵可增加底物还原糖的含量，而 DSE 发酵则可降低底物还原糖的含量。DSE菌株，如假嗜酸性大酵母菌、Paraboeremia selaginellae、Paraphoma chlamydocopiosa和Paraphoma radicina，具有与T. viride共同发酵的潜力。通过在 DSE 3 d 或 6 d 后接种 T. viride 来优化发酵过程，可有效提高共发酵 CMHR 的纤维素酶活性。优化后，不同发酵组合的滤纸纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别达到了2.51-5.61、2.86-4.72和12.85-32.35 U/g 。此外，DSE 和毒死蜱共同发酵可有效降解不同 CMHR 中的纤维素，降解率为 54.43%-67.38%。扫描电子显微镜证实，DSE 和病毒菌共同发酵能增加 CMHR 的外表面积和孔隙率，破坏 CMHR 的结构。该研究结果为微生物降解单一和复合中草药残渣提供了依据，对解决中草药残渣等废弃物的处理和进一步资源化利用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Basalt rock weathering by Peribacillus simplex from Wudalianchi volcanos in NE China and implications for Fe and Si biogeochemical cycling 中国东北五大连池火山的玄武岩岩石风化及对铁和硅生物地球化学循环的影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105948

Shuang Zhang , Gaofei Ying , Tao Liu , Jiani Yang , Enci Zhu , Xindi Sun , Ji-Dong Gu , Lei Yan

Bacteria have an important role in weathering the different rocks, but little is known about the mechanism of microbial weathering in basalt rocks. In the present study, Peribacillus simplex WS-L19 isolated from Wudalianchi volcanos exhibits the highest Fe and Si rock dissolution, which revealed unique weathering ability. The optimal weathering conditions of LB medium diluted at 30.9%, the rotation speed of 127.2 rpm, and temperature at 36.6 °C, resulted in the Fe and Si releases of 1.70 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 20.11 ± 1.13 μg/mL, respectively. Simultaneously, complex ligands such as organic acids (tartaric acid, formic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid), siderophores, and biofilm were also found to be involved in weathering processes by P. simplex WS-L19. Kinetics study of Fe and Si release indicated that the weathering processes of volcanic rocks mediated by P. simplex WS-19 fits a Hyperbl model. Mineralogical analysis showed a decrease in Fe releasing ratio by 44.65% and an increase in Si releasing ratio by 28.45%, showing that Fe is more accessible than Si. P. simplex WS-L19 had a significant weathering effect on biotite, and Si-O bonding vibration might contribute to weathering. The results suggest that indigenous P. simplex WS-L19 plays a role in weathering Wudalianchi volcanos and provides new insights into the Fe and Si biogeochemical cycling of basalt rocks.

细菌在不同岩石的风化过程中发挥着重要作用，但人们对玄武岩微生物风化的机理知之甚少。在本研究中，从五大连池火山中分离出的单纯弧菌 WS-L19 对岩石中铁和硅的溶解度最高，显示了其独特的风化能力。在稀释度为 30.9% 的 LB 培养基、转速为 127.2 rpm、温度为 36.6 °C 的最佳风化条件下，Fe 和 Si 的释放量分别为 1.70 ± 0.09 μg/mL 和 20.11 ± 1.13 μg/mL。与此同时，还发现有机酸（酒石酸、甲酸、乳酸和琥珀酸）、嗜硒体和生物膜等复合配体也参与了单纯栉水母 WS-L19 的风化过程。铁和硅释放动力学研究表明，单胞菌 WS-19 介导的火山岩风化过程符合 Hyperbl 模型。矿物学分析表明，铁的释放率降低了 44.65%，而硅的释放率提高了 28.45%，这表明铁比硅更容易获得。单胞菌 WS-L19 对黑云母有明显的风化作用，Si-O 键振动可能有助于风化。研究结果表明，本地单胞菌 WS-L19 在五大连池火山风化过程中发挥了作用，并为玄武岩中铁和硅的生物地球化学循环提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Oxidative deterioration of polypropylene by redox mediators and yeast expressing a fungal recombinant laccase 氧化还原介质和表达真菌重组漆酶的酵母对聚丙烯的氧化劣化作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105947

G. Sabellico , A. Baggetta , E. Sandrucci , G. Zanellato , A. Martinelli , A. Montanari , M.M. Bianchi

Biodegradation of polyolefins is a multistep process that might integrate physical, chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial actions. In this work, we report the use of the laccase redox mediators ABTS and DMP (2,2’ azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, respectively), recycled by laccase activity in aerobic conditions, to induce oxidation of polypropylene film (PP): the laccase was produced in the reaction medium by a recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis yeast strain, expressing a fungal heterologous laccase gene. As a result, we evidenced the formation of oxidize groups on PP surface which increased its water wettablity. We also showed a clear modification of the polymer surface with the appearance of humped and exfoliated regions which favored the break of PP film.

聚烯烃的生物降解是一个综合了物理、化学、酶和/或微生物作用的多步骤过程。在这项工作中，我们报告了使用漆酶氧化还原介质 ABTS 和 DMP（分别为 2,2'叠氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）和 2,6-二甲氧基苯酚）（在有氧条件下通过漆酶活性回收）来诱导聚丙烯薄膜（PP）氧化的情况：漆酶是由表达真菌异源漆酶基因的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母菌株在反应介质中产生的。结果表明，聚丙烯表面氧化基团的形成增加了其水润性。我们还发现聚合物表面发生了明显的改性，出现了驼峰和剥落区域，这有利于 PP 薄膜的断裂。

引用次数: 0

ABTS mediator enhances biotransformation of fluoranthene by Laccases from Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12 ABTS 媒介物增强了嗜酸毛霉 FLU1 和嗜酸塔拉酵母菌 FLU12 的 Laccases 对荧蒽的生物转化作用

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105946

Samson O. Egbewale , Ajit Kumar , Tosin A. Olasehinde , Mduduzi P. Mokoena , Ademola O. Olaniran

Fluoranthene poses a significant environmental threat due to its persistence and toxicity. The Laccases from Trichoderma lixii FLU1 (TlFLU1L) and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12 (TpFLU12L) are shown to act as biocatalysts for fluoranthene degradation. 3 U/mL of TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L reduced residual fluoranthene concentration to 49.5 ± 8.68 and 61.0 ± 5.66 %, while 10U/mL to 19.2 ± 5.95 and 28.7 ± 1.25 %, respectively, in 96 h. Mixing 200 μM ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with 3 U/mL enzyme in the reaction abolished 100 % residual fluoranthene within 48 h. TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L exhibited almost similar v_max (1.35 ± 0.02 and 1.29 ± 0.15 mg/L/h, respectively), but TlFLU1L showed a lower K_m as compared to TpFLU12L (119.2 ± 0.02 and 170.8 ± 0.15 mg/L, respectively). ABTS significantly increased v_max to 7.73 ± 0.23 and 7.97 ± 0.28 mg/L/h, and decreased K_m to 54.8 ± 0.27 and 26.6 ± 0.21 mg/L for TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that TlFLU1L generated metabolites 9-oxo-fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, 9H-fluoren-9-one, and phthalic acid while TpFLU12L produced 9,10-phenanthrenedione and benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. Ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity analysis of TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L degradation products in the presence of the mediator (ABTS) are found to be non-toxic towards marine bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and HT22 cells. Thus, the study underscores the promising potential of TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, particularly in conjunction with mediator (ABTS), for environment friendly and efficient bioremediation of fluoranthene-contaminated environments.

由于其持久性和毒性，荧蒽对环境构成了严重威胁。研究表明，TlFLU1L（Trichoderma lixii FLU1）和TpFLU12L（Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12）可作为降解荧蒽的生物催化剂。3 U/mL的TlFLU1L和TpFLU12L可在96小时内将残留萤蒽浓度分别降至49.5 ± 8.68 %和61.0 ± 5.66 %，而10 U/mL的TlFLU1L和TpFLU12L可在96小时内将残留萤蒽浓度分别降至19.2 ± 5.95 %和28.7 ± 1.25 %。将 200 μM ABTS（2,2′-氮杂双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)与 3 U/mL酶混合在反应中，可在 48 h 内 100%消除残留的萤石。TlFLU1L 和 TpFLU12L 的 vmax 值几乎相似（分别为 1.35 ± 0.02 和 1.29 ± 0.15 mg/L/h），但 TlFLU1L 的 Km 值低于 TpFLU12L（分别为 119.2 ± 0.02 和 170.8 ± 0.15 mg/L）。ABTS 显着提高了 TlFLU1L 和 TpFLU12L 的 vmax，分别为 7.73 ± 0.23 和 7.97 ± 0.28 mg/L/h，降低了 Km，分别为 54.8 ± 0.27 和 26.6 ± 0.21 mg/L。气相色谱-质谱分析显示，TlFLU1L 产生了代谢物 9-氧代-芴-1-羧酸、9H-芴-9-酮和邻苯二甲酸，而 TpFLU12L 则产生了 9,10-菲二酮和苯-1,2,3-三羧酸。在介质（ABTS）存在的情况下，对 TlFLU1L 和 TpFLU12L 降解产物进行生态毒性和细胞毒性分析，发现它们对海洋细菌（副溶血性弧菌）和 HT22 细胞无毒。因此，这项研究强调了 TlFLU1L 和 TpFLU12L 在环境友好型和高效生物修复受荧蒽污染的环境方面的巨大潜力，特别是在与介质（ABTS）结合使用时。

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引用次数: 0

Use of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide (SMAP-18) and siderophore Pyochelin for mitigation of aerospace fuel-degrading microbes 利用羊髓抗菌肽（SMAP-18）和嗜硒酸 Pyochelin 减少航空燃料降解微生物的危害

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105943

Amanda L. Barry Schroeder , Osman Radwan , Oscar N. Ruiz , Thusitha S. Gunasekera , Andrea Hoffmann

Sustainment of aviation fuel infrastructure is expensive and requires frequent testing for hydrocarbon-degrading microbes to assure safeguarding of fuel quality and engineering systems. Microbial contaminants in Jet fuel, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi, necessitate early action to prevent biofouling and biocorrosion. Recent studies have identified two novel antimicrobial agents, the sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide SMAP-18 and the iron chelating siderophore, Pyochelin with potential suitable antimicrobial properties for jet fuel sustainment. This study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of SMAP-18 and Pyochelin in specialized antimicrobial assays including liquid and fuel-culture minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, small-scale (25 mL) and large-scale (1 L) Jet A fuel microbial consortium cultures. The results show that repetitive dosing of combined SMAP-18 and Pyochelin is bactericidal and able to control bio-contaminant progression of Gram-positive Gordonia sp., and Gram-negative Pseudomonas putida bacteria in jet fuel. Moreover, the synergy observed between SMAP-18 and Pyochelin highlights their complementary mechanisms of action against microbial targets resulting in complete elimination of bacterial growth with a −7.9 log fold reduction through day 24.

航空燃料基础设施的维护费用昂贵，需要经常检测碳氢化合物降解微生物，以确保燃料质量和工程系统的安全。喷气燃料中的微生物污染物包括革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母菌和丝状真菌，因此有必要及早采取措施防止生物污垢和生物腐蚀。最近的研究发现了两种新型抗菌剂，一种是绵羊骨髓抗菌肽 SMAP-18，另一种是铁螯合苷元 Pyochelin，这两种抗菌剂都具有潜在的适用于喷气机燃料维持的抗菌特性。本研究在专门的抗菌试验中评估了 SMAP-18 和 Pyochelin 的抗菌活性，包括液体和燃料培养物最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) 测试、小规模（25 mL）和大规模（1 L）喷气 A 型燃料微生物联合体培养物。结果表明，重复施用 SMAP-18 和 Pyochelin 复方制剂具有杀菌作用，能够控制喷气燃料中革兰氏阳性的戈登氏菌和革兰氏阴性的假单胞菌的生物污染进展。此外，在 SMAP-18 和 Pyochelin 之间观察到的协同作用突显了它们针对微生物目标的互补作用机制，从而彻底消除了细菌的生长，使其在第 24 天的生长速度降低了 -7.9 对数倍。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of Fenton combined with membrane bioreactor in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater Fenton 与膜生物反应器相结合处理印染废水的优化方案

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105945

Haibo Xu , Han Zhang , Jincan Huang , Lu Zhang , Feng Wang , Guangbing Liu , Xuemin Yu , Weijing Liu , Chunkai Huang

Effects of influent adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and ammonia concentrations, hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the microbial community composition, functional genes abundance of anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A/O–MBR) and its ability to treat raw and Fenton oxidized printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW) were evaluated. Fenton combined with A/O–MBR exhibited better treatment performance on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and AOX removal for PDW remediation. After six months’ optimization, at phase VII (50 mg/L AOX, 50 mg/L NH₄⁺–N, and HRT = 72h), 81.8 % of the COD and 94.6% of the AOX were removed in raw PDW A/O–MBR, and 92.0% of the COD and 100% of the AOX were removed in Fenton oxidized PDW A/O–MBR. An increase in ammonia level is conducive to the COD and AOX removal, whereas shortening the HRT in the A/O–MBR systems can drastically lower the COD and AOX removal efficiency. The metagenomics analysis indicates that an increase in AOX loading facilitates the accumulation of 2,4,6–TCP and 4–CP metabolism relevant genes, while significantly reduces the transcript per million (TPM) abundance of nitrogen removal functional genes. However, higher ammonia loading and shorter HRT promote the accumulation of AOX and nitrogen removal functional genes.

评估了进水可吸附有机卤素（AOX）和氨浓度、水力停留时间（HRT）对缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器（A/O-MBR）的微生物群落组成、功能基因丰度的影响及其处理原水和芬顿氧化印染废水（PDW）的能力。Fenton 与 A/O-MBR 的结合在修复印染废水的化学需氧量（COD）和 AOX 去除方面表现出更好的处理性能。经过六个月的优化，在第七阶段（50 mg/L AOX、50 mg/L NH4+-N、HRT = 72 小时），原 PDW A/O-MBR 去除了 81.8% 的 COD 和 94.6% 的 AOX，而 Fenton 氧化 PDW A/O-MBR 去除了 92.0% 的 COD 和 100% 的 AOX。氨氮水平的增加有利于 COD 和 AOX 的去除，而缩短 A/O-MBR 系统的 HRT 则会大幅降低 COD 和 AOX 的去除效率。元基因组学分析表明，AOX 负荷的增加会促进 2,4,6-TCP 和 4-CP 代谢相关基因的积累，同时显著降低脱氮功能基因的百万转录本（TPM）丰度。然而，较高的氨负荷和较短的 HRT 会促进 AOX 和脱氮功能基因的积累。

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引用次数: 0

A new enrichment strategy of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria for remediation of organic-contaminated river sediments: Process, performance, and mechanism 用于修复受有机物污染的河流沉积物的新型异嗜性铁还原菌富集策略：过程、性能和机制

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105944

Qian Chen , Bin Wang , Weihang Liang , Suyun Chang , Jianjun Huang , Jingmei Sun

Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) have been widely applied to organic matter metabolism in sediments due to their specific biological properties, which are significantly affected by environmental factors. Until now, there has been no systematic study on applying these effects of environmental factors to DIRB enrichment. In this study, we identified the critical environmental factors through RDA, PLS-PM, and correlation analysis and then adjusted the proportion of these factors (C/Fe, C/N, and Fe/S) through single-factor and response surface experiments to enrich DIRB. The performance of the enriched DIRB in carbon metabolism of organic-rich sediments was analyzed by remediation experiment, and the metabolic mechanism was revealed through iron-reducing performance, community structure, and functional genes. The results showed that the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur were crucial factors influencing the activity of DIRB in river sediments, and the enriched mud-bacteria mixture containing a large amount of DIRB (referred to as “DMB”) obtained by domestication under C/Fe = 0.492 and C/N = 13.659 showed the highest iron reduction rate of 55.51% ± 2.53%. The DMB exhibited better-sustained removal of total organic matter (TOM), which was higher than the control (MB) by 8.81%. Moreover, we discovered that the enriched DIRB: (1) had a better reduction effect on different Fe(III) forms, especially in carbon-limited and iron-limited conditions. (2) increased in abundance and established a beneficial symbiotic relationship with hydrolytic acidifying bacteria. (3) showed an increased abundance of functional pathways associated with organismal systems and signal processing (such as ABC transporters and Translation). These findings revealed the reasons for the improved efficiency of organic matter metabolism.

由于溶铁还原菌（DIRB）具有特殊的生物特性，且受环境因素的影响很大，因此被广泛应用于沉积物中有机物的新陈代谢。到目前为止，还没有系统的研究将这些环境因素的影响应用于 DIRB 的富集。在本研究中，我们通过 RDA、PLS-PM 和相关性分析确定了关键的环境因子，然后通过单因子和响应面实验调整这些因子（C/Fe、C/N 和 Fe/S）的比例来富集 DIRB。通过修复实验分析了富集DIRB在富有机沉积物碳代谢中的表现，并通过铁还原性能、群落结构和功能基因揭示了其代谢机制。结果表明，碳、氮、磷、硫是影响 DIRB 在河流沉积物中活性的关键因素，在 C/Fe = 0.492 和 C/N = 13.659 条件下驯化得到的含有大量 DIRB 的富集泥菌混合物（简称 "DMB"）的铁还原率最高，为 55.51% ± 2.53%。DMB 对总有机物（TOM）的持续去除效果更好，比对照组（MB）高出 8.81%。此外，我们还发现富集的 DIRB：（1）对不同形式的铁（III）具有更好的还原效果，尤其是在碳限制和铁限制条件下。(2）丰度增加，并与水解酸化菌建立了有益的共生关系。(3）与机体系统和信号处理相关的功能途径（如 ABC 转运体和翻译）的丰度增加。这些发现揭示了有机物代谢效率提高的原因。

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引用次数: 0

A field-scale assessment of the efficacy of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils using two biostimulants 使用两种生物刺激剂对石油烃污染土壤进行生物修复的实地效果评估

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105942

Wen-Hsien Tsai , Tzu-Wen Chen , Yuan-Hung Liu , Shih-Mao Shen , Colin S. Chen , Chien-Jung Tien

Nutrients are known limiting factors for the successful bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Thus, two biostimulants, soil bioremediation nutrients (SBNs) and nutrient solution (NS), were tested to assess their effects on the degradation of PHCs and changes in bacterial community compositions, functions and functional genes using third generation sequencing, Tax4Fun2 and qPCR at the field scale. The addition of SBNs or NS significantly increased and accelerated the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The highest TPH degradation rate (96%) and k (0.134/day) were shown for biopiles with SBNs addition (particularly for 0.5% SBNs), indicating that SBNs were a good biostimulant for bioremediation of PHC-contaminated soil in the field. After different operations, rapid reconstruction of bacterial communities and functions for 5 biopiles was found with relatively high metabolic function and a change in dominant PHC degraders from Rugosibacter aromaticivorans and Novosphingobium aromaticivorans to Immundisolibacter cernigliae and Dyella ginsengisoli. The results of Tax4Fun2 prediction revealed that the addition of SBNs and water with soil turning enhanced and accelerated bacterial metabolic functions and related functional genes for degrading aromatic compounds. The qPCR results indicated that most samples contained a relatively high abundance of alkB, alkB1, XylE and PHE, and high expression of XylE and PHE, while the addition of SBNs and NS enhanced the expression of XylE and PHE for degrading catechol and phenol. Concentrations of TPH and nutrients were major environmental factors influencing the degradation of TPH, alkane and aromatic compounds and changes in bacterial communities, functions and functional genes (e.g., alkB, alkB1, XylE, NAH, PHE and BPH4). Biostimulation by the addition of SBNs proved an effective strategy for increasing the degradation of PHCs and facilitating the growth and metabolic activity of PHC degraders.

众所周知，养分是受石油碳氢化合物（PHC）污染的土壤成功进行生物修复的限制因素。因此，我们测试了两种生物刺激剂--土壤生物修复营养素（SBNs）和营养液（NS），以评估它们对石油烃降解的影响，以及在田间使用第三代测序、Tax4Fun2 和 qPCR 对细菌群落组成、功能和功能基因变化的影响。添加 SBN 或 NS 能显著增加并加速总石油烃（TPH）的降解。添加了 SBNs 的生物堆（尤其是 0.5% 的 SBNs）的 TPH 降解率（96%）和 K 值（0.134/天）最高，表明 SBNs 是一种良好的生物刺激剂，可用于对受 PHC 污染的土壤进行生物修复。经过不同的操作后，5 个生物堆的细菌群落和功能迅速重建，代谢功能相对较高，主要的 PHC 降解菌从 Rugosibacter aromaticivorans 和 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans 变为 Immundisolibacter cernigliae 和 Dyella ginsengisoli。Tax4Fun2 预测结果表明，在土壤翻动过程中添加 SBNs 和水可增强和加速细菌的代谢功能以及降解芳香化合物的相关功能基因。qPCR 结果表明，大多数样品中含有较高丰度的 alkB、alkB1、XylE 和 PHE，且 XylE 和 PHE 的表达量较高，而 SBNs 和 NS 的添加增强了 XylE 和 PHE 降解儿茶酚和苯酚的表达量。TPH 和营养物质的浓度是影响 TPH、烷烃和芳香族化合物降解以及细菌群落、功能和功能基因（如 alkB、alkB1、XylE、NAH、PHE 和 BPH4）变化的主要环境因素。事实证明，通过添加 SBNs 进行生物刺激是增加 PHC 降解、促进 PHC 降解菌生长和新陈代谢活动的有效策略。

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